1
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Tatsumi Y, Shimoyama Y, Kazarian SG. Analysis of the Dissolution Behavior of Theophylline and Its Cocrystal Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3233-3239. [PMID: 38804156 PMCID: PMC11220746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic imaging is a powerful tool to visualize the distribution of components, and it has been used to analyze drug release from tablets. In this work, ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging was applied for observing the dissolution of molecular crystals from tablet compacts. The IR spectra provided chemically specific information about the transformation of crystal structures during the dissolution experiments. Theophylline (TPL) anhydrate and its cocrystals were used as model systems of molecular crystals. The IR spectra during the dissolution of TPL revealed information about the crystal structure of TPL, which transformed from anhydrate to monohydrate in water. During a dissolution test of a model cocrystal system, it was suggested that an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and a coformer were dissolved in water simultaneously. The IR spectra that were acquired during the dissolution of a cocrystal tablet showed new spectral bands attributed to the API after 5 min. This suggested that the precipitation of API was observed during the dissolution experiment. Measurements from ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging can visualize the drug release from the tablet and determine the transformation of molecular crystals during their dissolution. These results will have an impact on clarifying the dissolution mechanism of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Tatsumi
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, S1-33 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shimoyama
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, S1-33 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan
| | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United
Kingdom
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2
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Visualising liquid transport through coated pharmaceutical tablets using Terahertz pulsed imaging. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121703. [PMID: 35351529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution of pharmaceutical tablets is a complex process, especially for coated tablets where layered structures form an additional barrier for liquid transport into the porous tablet matrix. A better understanding of the role of the coating structure in the mass transport processes that govern drug release, starting with the wetting of the coating layer by the dissolution medium, can benefit the formulation design and optimisation of the production. For this study, terahertz pulsed imaging was used to investigate how dissolution medium can penetrate coated tablets. In order to focus on the fundamental process, the model system for this proof-of-principle study consisted of tablet cores made from pure microcrystalline cellulose compacted to a defined porosity coated with Opadry II, a PVA-based immediate release coating blend. The coating was applied to a single side of flat-faced tablets using vacuum compression moulding. It was possible to resolve the hydration of the coating layer and the subsequent liquid ingress into the dry tablet core. The analysis revealed a discontinuity in density at the interface between coating and core, where coating polymer could enter the pore space at the immediate surface of the tablet cores during the coating process. This structure affected the liquid transport of the dissolution medium into the core. We found evidence for the formation of a gel layer upon hydration of the coating polymer. The porosity of the tablet core impacted the quality of coating and thus affected its dissolution performance (r = 0.6932 for the effective liquid penetration rate RPeff and the core porosity). This study established a methodology and can facilitate a more in-depth understanding of the role of coating on tablet dissolution.
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3
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Melt Electrospinning of Polymers: Blends, Nanocomposites, Additives and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melt electrospinning has been developed in the last decade as an eco-friendly and solvent-free process to fill the gap between the advantages of solution electrospinning and the need of a cost-effective technique for industrial applications. Although the benefits of using melt electrospinning compared to solution electrospinning are impressive, there are still challenges that should be solved. These mainly concern to the improvement of polymer melt processability with reduction of polymer degradation and enhancement of fiber stability; and the achievement of a good control over the fiber size and especially for the production of large scale ultrafine fibers. This review is focused in the last research works discussing the different melt processing techniques, the most significant melt processing parameters, the incorporation of different additives (e.g., viscosity and conductivity modifiers), the development of polymer blends and nanocomposites, the new potential applications and the use of drug-loaded melt electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications.
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4
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Yang X, Li W, Sun Z, Yang C, Tang D. Electrospun P(NVCL-co-MAA) nanofibers and their pH/temperature dual-response drug release profiles. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Xu Y, Li K, Liu Y, An Y, Xing C. Black plaster composite fiber prepared by upward electrospinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Xu
- College of Mechanical and Electric EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Kaili Li
- College of Mechanical and Electric EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yan An
- College of First Clinical MedicalShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250355 Shandong China
| | - Changmin Xing
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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6
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Francis AT, Nguyen TT, Lamm MS, Teller R, Forster SP, Xu W, Rhodes T, Smith RL, Kuiper J, Su Y, Fu D. In Situ Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) Microscopy Study of the Dissolution of Sustained-Release Implant Formulation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5793-5801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Francis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Tai T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Matthew S. Lamm
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ryan Teller
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Seth P. Forster
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Wei Xu
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ronald L. Smith
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jesse Kuiper
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Ewing AV, Clarke GS, Kazarian SG. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging of pharmaceuticals in microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024125. [PMID: 27158293 PMCID: PMC4841796 DOI: 10.1063/1.4946867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The poor aqueous solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients presents challenges for effective drug delivery. In this study, the combination of attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopic imaging with specifically designed polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices to study drug release from pharmaceutical formulations has been developed. First, the high-throughput analysis of the dissolution of micro-formulations studied under flowing conditions has been introduced using a model formulation of ibuprofen and polyethylene glycol. The behaviour and release of the drug was monitored in situ under different pH conditions. In contrast to the neutral solution, where both the drug and excipient dissolved at a similar rate, structural change from the molecularly dispersed to a crystalline form of ibuprofen was characterised in the obtained spectroscopic images and the corresponding ATR-FTIR spectra for the experiments carried out in the acidic medium. Further investigations into the behaviour of the drug after its release from formulations (i.e., dissolved drug) were also undertaken. Different solutions of sodium ibuprofen dissolved in a neutral medium were studied upon contact with acidic conditions. The phase transition from a dissolved species of sodium ibuprofen to the formation of solid crystalline ibuprofen was revealed in the microfluidic channels. This innovative approach could offer a promising platform for high-throughput analysis of a range of micro-formulations, which are of current interest due to the advent of 3D printed pharmaceutical and microparticulate delivery systems. Furthermore, the ability to study dissolved drug in solution under flowing conditions can be useful for the studies of the diffusion of drugs into tissues or live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew V Ewing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham S Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb , Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, Merseyside CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Page S, Maurer R, Wyttenbach N. Structured Development Approach for Amorphous Systems. FORMULATING POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42609-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Tang Y, Jing N, Zhang P. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) Mapping Coupled with Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) for Studying the Miscibility of Chlorobutyl Rubber/Polyamide-12 Blends. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 69:1319-1326. [PMID: 26647055 DOI: 10.1366/14-07721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of chlorobutyl rubber/polyamide-12 (CIIR/PA-12) blends compatibilized by different amounts of maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) were investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) mapping. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) was used to process the FT-IR images. Both the spectra of pure components in the blends and their concentration distributions in a micro-region were acquired. Our results demonstrated that the blend with 15 parts per hundred rubber PP-g-MAH showed the best miscibility. An amide interphase and an imide interphase were inferred by analyzing the spectra of MCR component 3 of the blends with and without PP-g-MAH, respectively. Correspondingly, two different compatibilizing mechanisms were proposed for these blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Analysis and Test Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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10
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Comparison of pharmaceutical formulations: ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to study drug-carrier interactions. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:112-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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The effect of drug and EUDRAGIT® S 100 miscibility in solid dispersions on the drug and polymer dissolution rate. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Tres F, Coombes SR, Phillips AR, Hughes LP, Wren SAC, Aylott JW, Burley JC. Investigating the Dissolution Performance of Amorphous Solid Dispersions Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Proton NMR. Molecules 2015; 20:16404-18. [PMID: 26378506 PMCID: PMC6331940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the dissolution performance of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble bicalutamide in a Kollidon VA64 polymeric matrix as a function of the drug loading (5% vs. 30% bicalutamide). A combined suite of state-of-the-art analytical techniques were employed to obtain a clear picture of the drug release, including an integrated magnetic resonance imaging UV-Vis flow cell system and 1H-NMR. Off-line 1H-NMR was used for the first time to simultaneously measure the dissolution profiles and rates of both the drug and the polymer from a solid dispersion. MRI and 1H-NMR data showed that the 5% drug loading compact erodes linearly, and that bicalutamide and Kollidon VA64 are released at approximately the same rate from the molecular dispersion. For the 30% extrudate, data indicated a slower water ingress into the compact which corresponds to a slower dissolution rate of both bicalutamide and Kollidon VA64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tres
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Steven R Coombes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | | | - Leslie P Hughes
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Stephen A C Wren
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK.
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Jonathan C Burley
- School of Pharmacy, Boots Science Building, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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13
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Tres F, Patient JD, Williams PM, Treacher K, Booth J, Hughes LP, Wren SAC, Aylott JW, Burley JC. Monitoring the Dissolution Mechanisms of Amorphous Bicalutamide Solid Dispersions via Real-Time Raman Mapping. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1512-22. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500829v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tres
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie D. Patient
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Williams
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Treacher
- Pharmaceutical
Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Booth
- Pharmaceutical
Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie P. Hughes
- Pharmaceutical
Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. C. Wren
- Pharmaceutical
Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W. Aylott
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C. Burley
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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14
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Punčochová K, Ewing AV, Gajdošová M, Sarvašová N, Kazarian SG, Beránek J, Štěpánek F. Identifying the mechanisms of drug release from amorphous solid dispersions using MRI and ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:256-67. [PMID: 25686660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The dissolution mechanism of a poorly aqueous soluble drug from amorphous solid dispersions was investigated using a combination of two imaging methods: attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The rates of elementary processes such as water penetration, polymer swelling, growth and erosion of gel layer, and the diffusion, release and in some cases precipitation of drug were evaluated by image analysis. The results from the imaging methods were compared with drug release profiles obtained by classical dissolution tests. The study was conducted using three polymeric excipients (soluplus, polyvinylpyrrolidone - PVP K30, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose - HPMC 100M) alone and in combination with a poorly soluble drug, aprepitant. The imaging methods were complementary: ATR-FTIR imaging enabled a qualitative observation of all three components during the dissolution experiments, water, polymer and drug, including identifying structural changes from the amorphous form of drug to the crystalline form. The comparison of quantitative MRI data with drug release profiles enabled the different processes during dissolution to be established and the rate-limiting step to be identified, which - for the drug-polymer combinations investigated in this work - was the drug diffusion through the gel layer rather than water penetration into the tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Punčochová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew V Ewing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Gajdošová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Sarvašová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Josef Beránek
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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15
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Iqbal WS, Chan KL. FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)–Nifedipine Dispersion Stability in Different Relative Humidities. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:280-4. [PMID: 25410816 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed S Iqbal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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16
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Siddiqui A, Rahman Z, Sayeed VA, Khan MA. Chemometric Evaluation of Near Infrared, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Raman Spectroscopic Models for the Prediction of Nimodipine Polymorphs. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4024-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Williams HD, Trevaskis NL, Charman SA, Shanker RM, Charman WN, Pouton CW, Porter CJH. Strategies to address low drug solubility in discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:315-499. [PMID: 23383426 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 979] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to low and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response. Despite significant efforts to "design in" acceptable developability properties (including aqueous solubility) during lead optimization, approximately 40% of currently marketed compounds and most current drug development candidates remain poorly water-soluble. The fact that so many drug candidates of this type are advanced into development and clinical assessment is testament to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the approaches that can be taken to promote apparent solubility in the gastrointestinal tract and to support drug exposure after oral administration. Here we provide a detailed commentary on the major challenges to the progression of a poorly water-soluble lead or development candidate and review the approaches and strategies that can be taken to facilitate compound progression. In particular, we address the fundamental principles that underpin the use of strategies, including pH adjustment and salt-form selection, polymorphs, cocrystals, cosolvents, surfactants, cyclodextrins, particle size reduction, amorphous solid dispersions, and lipid-based formulations. In each case, the theoretical basis for utility is described along with a detailed review of recent advances in the field. The article provides an integrated and contemporary discussion of current approaches to solubility and dissolution enhancement but has been deliberately structured as a series of stand-alone sections to allow also directed access to a specific technology (e.g., solid dispersions, lipid-based formulations, or salt forms) where required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hywel D Williams
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Kazarian SG, Ewing AV. Applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging to tablet dissolution and drug release. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1207-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.801452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Chen C, Xie X, Li Y, Zhou C, Song Y, Yan Z, Yang X. Influence of different polymers on crystallization tendency and dissolution behavior of cilnidipine in solid dispersions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:441-51. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.767825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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20
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Nikolić V, Stanković M, Nikolić L, Nikolić G, Ilić-Stojanović S, Popsavin M, Zlatković S, Kundaković T. Inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin and usnic acid. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Shah N, Sandhu H, Choi DS, Kalb O, Page S, Wyttenbach N. Structured Development Approach for Amorphous Systems. FORMULATING POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1144-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Miyazaki T, Aso Y, Kawanishi T. Feasibility of atomic force microscopy for determining crystal growth rates of nifedipine at the surface of amorphous solids with and without polymers. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4413-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Van Eerdenbrugh B, Taylor LS. Application of mid-IR spectroscopy for the characterization of pharmaceutical systems. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Puri V, Dantuluri AK, Bansal AK. Investigation of Atypical Dissolution Behavior of an Encapsulated Amorphous Solid Dispersion. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2460-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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McFearin CL, Sankaranarayanan J, Almutairi A. Application of fiber-optic attenuated total reflection-FT-IR methods for in situ characterization of protein delivery systems in real time. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3943-9. [PMID: 21476582 DOI: 10.1021/ac200591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-optic coupled attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FT-IR spectroscopy technique was applied to the study of two different therapeutic delivery systems, acid degradable hydrogels and nanoparticles. Real time exponential release of a model protein, human serum albumin (HSA), was observed from two different polymeric hydrogels formulated with a pH sensitive cross-linker. Spectroscopic examination of nanoparticles formulated with an acid degradable polymer shell and encapsulated HSA exhibited vibrational signatures characteristic of both particle and payload when exposed to lowered pH conditions, demonstrating the ability of this methodology to simultaneously measure phenomena arising from a system with a mixture of components. In addition, thorough characterization of these pH sensitive delivery vehicles without encapsulated protein was also accomplished in order to separate the effects of the payload during degradation. When in situ, real time detection in combination with the ability to specifically identify different components in a mixture without involved sample preparation and minimal sample disturbance is provided, the versatility and suitability of this type of experiment for research in the pharmaceutical field is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn L McFearin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of NanoEngineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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26
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The protection of Nifedipin from photodegradation due to complex formation with β-cyclodextrin. OPEN CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-010-0043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe inclusion complex β-cyclodextrin:nifedipin was prepared in solid state by coprecipitation with 1:1 mol ratio. The structure of the obtained complex and nifedipin was characterized by use of X-ray diffraction (XR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The photodegradation of nifedipin and the β-cyclodextrin:nifedipin inclusion complex in solid state was monitored under natural daylight by infrared spectroscopy, whereby the free nifedipin degraded four to five times faster than the complexed nifedipin. The photodegradation products of both free and complexed nifedipin, formed during irradiation at 350 nm (with corresponding energy flux of 18 W m−2) were monitored by liquid chromatography during various time intervals. The speed of formation of nitroso- and nitro-phenyl derivatives by nifedipin irradiation was significantly higher than those of complexed nifedipin irradiation, which indicates its increased photostability in the inclusion complex. The effect on this property is significant because it contributes both to the improvement of the therapeutic effect of nifedipin and to the safer application thereof.
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Amigo JM. Practical issues of hyperspectral imaging analysis of solid dosage forms. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:93-109. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wray P, Chan K, Kimber J, Kazarian SG. Compaction of Pharmaceutical Tablets with Different Polymer Matrices Studied by FTIR Imaging and X-Ray Microtomography. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4269-77. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Chan KLA, Kazarian SG. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared imaging of large areas using inverted prism crystals and combining imaging and mapping. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 62:1095-1101. [PMID: 18926018 DOI: 10.1366/000370208786049042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) imaging is a very useful tool for capturing chemical images of various materials due to the simple sample preparation and the ability to measure wet samples or samples in an aqueous environment. However, the size of the array detector used for image acquisition is often limited and there is usually a trade off between spatial resolution and the field of view (FOV). The combination of mapping and imaging can be used to acquire images with a larger FOV without sacrificing spatial resolution. Previous attempts have demonstrated this using an infrared microscope and a Germanium hemispherical ATR crystal to achieve images of up to 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm but with varying spatial resolution and depth of penetration across the imaged area. In this paper, we demonstrate a combination of mapping and imaging with a different approach using an external optics housing for large ATR accessories and inverted ATR prisms to achieve ATR-FT-IR images with a large FOV and reasonable spatial resolution. The results have shown that a FOV of 10 mm x 14 mm can be obtained with a spatial resolution of approximately 40-60 microm when using an accessory that gives no magnification. A FOV of 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm can be obtained with spatial resolution of approximately 15-20 microm when using a diamond ATR imaging accessory with 4x magnification. No significant change in image quality such as spatial resolution or depth of penetration has been observed across the whole FOV with this method and the measurement time was approximately 15 minutes for an image consisting of 16 image tiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Andrew Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Docoslis A, Huszarik KL, Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris D, Stergiou D, Georgarakis E. Characterization of the distribution, polymorphism, and stability of nimodipine in its solid dispersions in polyethylene glycol by micro-Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. AAPS J 2007; 9:E361-70. [PMID: 18170983 PMCID: PMC2751488 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj0903043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a series of solid dispersions of the drug nimodipine using polyethylene glycol as carrier were prepared following the hot-melt method. Micro-Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray powder diffractometry was used for the characterization of the solid structure, including spatial distribution, physical state, and presence of polymorphs, as well as storage stability of nimodipine in its solid formulations. The effect of storage time on drug stability was investigated by examination of the samples 6 months and 18 months after preparation. Confocal micro-Raman mapping performed on the samples showed that the drug was not uniformly distributed on a microscopic level. The presence of crystals of nimodipine with sizes varying between one and several micrometers was detected, and the crystal size seemed to increase with overall drug content. In samples examined 6 months after preparation it was found that the crystals existed mainly as the racemic compound, whereas after 18 months of storage mainly crystal conglomerates were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Docoslis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Kang E, Robinson J, Park K, Cheng JX. Paclitaxel distribution in poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) blends and its release visualized by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. J Control Release 2007; 122:261-8. [PMID: 17574291 PMCID: PMC2035948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the release of paclitaxel (PTX) from poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG/PLGA) blends were investigated by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. PLGA, PEG, and PTX were selectively imaged by using the resonant CARS signal from the CH3, CH2, and aromatic CH stretch vibrations, respectively. Phase segregation was observed in PLGA films containing 10 to 40 wt.% PEG in the absence of PTX loading. The PEG phase existed in the form of crystalline fibers in the (8:2, weight ratio) and (7:3) PLGA/PEG films. CARS observation indicated that PTX preferentially partitioned into the PEG domains in the (9:1) and (8:2) PLGA/PTX films, but exhibited a uniform mixing with both PLGA and PEG in the (7:3) PLGA/PEG film. The solid dispersion of PTX into PEG domains was attributed to a strong interaction between PTX and PEG, supported by the disappearance of PEG crystallization in the PTX-loaded PLGA/PEG film evidenced through X-ray diffraction analysis. PTX release was induced by exposing the film to an aqueous solution and monitored in real time by CARS and two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Fast dissolution of both PEG and PTX was observed at the film surface. Upon infiltration of water into the film, the PEG domains were rearranged into ring structures enriched by both PTX and PEG. The CARS data provided visual evidence explaining the accelerated burst release followed by more sustained release of PTX from the PLGA/PEG films as measured by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunah Kang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
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Elkhider N, Chan KLA, Kazarian SG. Effect of Moisture and Pressure on Tablet Compaction Studied With FTIR Spectroscopic Imaging. J Pharm Sci 2007; 96:351-60. [PMID: 17080419 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
FTIR spectroscopic imaging using a diamond ATR accessory has been applied to examine the influence of moisture and compression pressure on the density and components distribution of compacted pharmaceutical tablets. The model drug and excipient used within this study are ibuprofen and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Chemical images of these compacted tablets were captured in situ without removing the tablet between measurements. A powder mixture of both, drug and excipient, prior to compaction, were subjected to a controlled environment, using a controlled humidity cell. Histograms were plotted to assess the density distribution quantitatively. This FTIR spectroscopic imaging approach enabled both measurement of water sorption and enhanced visualization of the density distribution of the compacted tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Elkhider
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Fukushima K, Terasaka S, Haraya K, Kodera S, Seki Y, Wada A, Ito Y, Shibata N, Sugioka N, Takada K. Pharmaceutical Approach to HIV Protease Inhibitor Atazanavir for Bioavailability Enhancement Based on Solid Dispersion System. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:733-8. [PMID: 17409512 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atazanavir (ATV) is a low oral bioavailability (BA) compound and, clinically, is generally coadministrated with ritonavir (RTV), which boosts the oral BA of ATV by inhibiting cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) via the same metabolic pathway. However, depending on pharmacokinetic interaction, RTV-boosted ATV has great potential for other comedication. In this study we demonstrated the pharmaceutical approach to BA improvement of ATV without RTV in rats, based on the solid dispersion system using sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a carrier and Gelucire 50/13 as an absorption enhancer. ATV solid dispersions in SLS were prepared by a conventional solvent method and, at ratios of ATV to SLS of 1 : 2 and 1 : 3, were demonstrated to form an amorphous state in powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis and exhibited 2.26- and 2.36-fold improvement in a dissolution test in comparison to bulk ATV, respectively. After oral administration to rats, ATV solid dispersion in SLS at a ratio of 1 : 2 showed a 3.5-fold increase in BA compared with bulk ATV. Moreover, the addition of Gelucire 50/13 to ATV solid dispersion, at a total ratio of Gelucire 50/13, ATV and SLS 1 : 1 : 2 gave 7.0- and 4.7-fold increase in Cmax and BA compared with bulk ATV, respectively, when the relative BA to RTV-boosted ATV reached 93%. The results in this study proved that a pharmaceutical approach could improve the bioavailability of ATV without pharmacokinetic interaction with RTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keizo Fukushima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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Papageorgiou GZ, Bikiaris D, Karavas E, Politis S, Docoslis A, Park Y, Stergiou A, Georgarakis E. Effect of physical state and particle size distribution on dissolution enhancement of nimodipine/PEG solid dispersions prepared by melt mixing and solvent evaporation. AAPS J 2006; 8:E623-31. [PMID: 17233527 PMCID: PMC2751358 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical structure and polymorphism of nimodipine were studied by means of micro-Raman, WAXD, DSC, and SEM for cases of the pure drug and its solid dispersions in PEG 4000, prepared by both the hot-melt and solvent evaporation methods. The dissolution rates of nimodipine/PEG 4000 solid dispersions were also measured and discussed in terms of their physicochemical characteristics. Micro-Raman and WAXD revealed a significant amorphous portion of the drug in the samples prepared by the hot-melt method, and that saturation resulted in local crystallization of nimodipine forming, almost exclusively, modification I crystals (racemic compound). On the other hand, mainly modification II crystals (conglomerate) were observed in the solid dispersions prepared by the solvent evaporation method. However, in general, both drug forms may appear in the solid dispersions. SEM and HSM microscopy studies indicated that the drug particle size increased with drug content. The dissolution rates were substantially improved for nimodipine from its solid dispersions compared with the pure drug or physical mixtures. Among solid dispersions, those resulting from solvent coevaporation exhibited a little faster drug release at drug concentrations lower than 20 wt%. Drug amorphization is the main reason for this behavior. At higher drug content the dissolution rates became lower compared with the samples from melt, due to the drug crystallization in modification II, which results in higher crystallinity and increased particle size. Overall, the best results were found for low drug content, for which lower drug crystallinity and smaller particle size were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z. Papageorgiou
- />Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- />Laboratory of Organic Chemical Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - Aristides Docoslis
- />Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario Canada
| | - Yong Park
- />Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario Canada
| | - Anagnostis Stergiou
- />Applied Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Georgarakis
- />Section of Pharmaceutics and Drug Control, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Vijaya Kumar SG, Mishra DN. Preparation, Characterization and In vitro Dissolution Studies of Solid Dispersion of Meloxicam with PEG 6000 1). YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:657-64. [PMID: 16880724 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The poor solubility and wettability of meloxicam leads to poor dissolution and hence showing variations in bioavailability. The present study is aimed to increase solubility and dissolution of the drug using solid dispersion techniques. The solid binary systems were prepared at various drug concentrations (5-40%) with polyethylene glycol 6000 by different techniques (physical mixing, solvent evaporation). The formulations were characterized by solubility studies, differential scanning calorimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and in vitro dissolution rate studies. The solubility of drug increased linearly with increase in polymer concentration showing A(L) type solubility diagrams. Infrared spectroscopy studies indicated the possibility of hydrogen bonding with polymer. The differential scanning calorimetry and powder X ray diffraction demonstrated the presence of polymer as eutectica or monotectica in solid dispersion along with the physical characteristics of the drug (crystalline, amorphous or a mixture of both). The solid dispersions of the drug demonstrated higher drug dissolution rates than physical mixtures and pure meloxicam, as a result of increased wettability and dispersibility of drug in a solid dispersion system.
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Kazarian SG, Chan KLA. Applications of ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to biomedical samples. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2006; 1758:858-67. [PMID: 16566893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
FTIR spectroscopic imaging in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) mode is a powerful tool for studying biomedical samples. This paper summarises recent advances in the applications of ATR-FTIR imaging to dissolution of pharmaceutical formulations and drug release. The use of two different ATR accessories to obtain chemical images of formulations in contact with water as a function of time is demonstrated. The innovative use of the diamond ATR accessory allowed in situ imaging of tablet compaction and dissolution. ATR-FTIR imaging was also applied to obtain images of the surface of skin and the spatial distribution of protein and lipid rich domains was obtained. Chemical images of cross-section of rabbit aorta were obtained using a diamond ATR accessory and the possibility of in situ imaging of arterial samples in contact with aqueous solution was demonstrated for the first time. This experiment opens an opportunity to image arterial samples in contact with solutions containing drug molecules. This approach may help in understanding the mechanisms of treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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van der Weerd J, Kazarian SG. Release of Poorly Soluble Drugs from HPMC Tablets Studied by FTIR Imaging and Flow-Through Dissolution Tests. J Pharm Sci 2005; 94:2096-109. [PMID: 16052556 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic imaging and a flow-through dissolution test have been combined to improve the possibilities of investigating the release of a poorly soluble drug (diclofenac) from pharmaceutical tablets. The presented methods aim to overcome the limitations that impede the conventional dissolution test because of its inability to observe precipitates of poorly soluble drug during tablet dissolution. The proposed flow-through set-up allows small drug particles that are being carried along in the water-flow to be analyzed, by adding a dissolution agent to the medium after it left the tablet cell. Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopic imaging provides an insight into the processes inside the tablet and is not hindered by insoluble or recrystallising drug. The techniques have been hyphenated and used to study tablets containing diclofenac sodium and HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) in different dissolution media that influence the solubility of the drug. The release profiles obtained by flow-through dissolution test suggest the presence of particles (or precipitates) in the dissolution medium. This is consistent with the results obtained by FTIR imaging, which confirms that both proposed techniques are superior to the ordinary dissolution test when applied to poorly soluble drugs. FTIR imaging data have been analyzed by a classical least squares analysis, corrected for the parts of the tablet outside the field of view, and used to calculate the release profile. The infrared spectra of diclofenac at varying relative humidity were acquired to study the interactions of diclofenac and water, including identification of dissociated diclofenac, thus the chemical specificity of FTIR imaging was fully utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap van der Weerd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Kazarian S, Kong K, Bajomo M, Van Der Weerd J, Chan K. Spectroscopic Imaging Applied to Drug Release. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2005. [DOI: 10.1205/fbp.04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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van der Weerd J, Kazarian SG. Validation of macroscopic attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared imaging to study dissolution of swelling pharmaceutical tablets. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2004; 58:1413-1419. [PMID: 15606953 DOI: 10.1366/0003702042641362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared imaging is applied to study the dissolution of realistically sized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) tablets. The water intake into in situ compacted tablets and pre-compacted tablets was studied as a function of compaction pressure. Rigorous analysis of the imaging datasets show that the speed of water intake into HPMC tablet is approximately 4 microm/min and is hardly affected by the studied range of compaction pressures or the type of ATR crystal used (diamond or ZnSe). This constant speed of water intake implies that leakage (''creeping'') of water into the space between the tablet and the ATR crystal does not occur. It is shown that the radius of the HPMC tablet initially expands to twice the original radius due to swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap van der Weerd
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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