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González-Recio I, Simón J, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Serrano-Maciá M, Mercado-Gómez M, Rodríguez-Agudo R, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Gil-Pitarch C, Fernández-Rodríguez C, Castellana D, Latasa MU, Abecia L, Anguita J, Delgado TC, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J, Hardy S, Petrov PD, Jover R, Avila MA, Martín C, Schaeper U, Tremblay ML, Dear JW, Masson S, McCain MV, Reeves HL, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, Buccella D, Martínez-Cruz LA, Martínez-Chantar ML. Restoring cellular magnesium balance through Cyclin M4 protects against acetaminophen-induced liver damage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6816. [PMID: 36433951 PMCID: PMC9700862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen overdose is one of the leading causes of acute liver failure and liver transplantation in the Western world. Magnesium is essential in several cellular processess. The Cyclin M family is involved in magnesium transport across cell membranes. Herein, we identify that among all magnesium transporters, only Cyclin M4 expression is upregulated in the liver of patients with acetaminophen overdose, with disturbances in magnesium serum levels. In the liver, acetaminophen interferes with the mitochondrial magnesium reservoir via Cyclin M4, affecting ATP production and reactive oxygen species generation, further boosting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Importantly, Cyclin M4 mutant T495I, which impairs magnesium flux, shows no effect. Finally, an accumulation of Cyclin M4 in endoplasmic reticulum is shown under hepatoxicity. Based on our studies in mice, silencing hepatic Cyclin M4 within the window of 6 to 24 h following acetaminophen overdose ingestion may represent a therapeutic target for acetaminophen overdose induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Maria Mercado-Gómez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Clàudia Gil-Pitarch
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernández-Rodríguez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Donatello Castellana
- Research & Development, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Maria U Latasa
- Hepatology Programme, CIMA, Idisna, Universidad de Navarra, Avda, Pio XII, n 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Abecia
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería. Universidad del País Vasco/ Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Anguita
- Inflammation and Macrophage Plasticity Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Serge Hardy
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, H3G 1Y6, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill Unversity, H3A 1A3, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Petar D Petrov
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe & Dep. Biochemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology Joint Research Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe & Dep. Biochemistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Matías A Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Hepatology Programme, CIMA, Idisna, Universidad de Navarra, Avda, Pio XII, n 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - César Martín
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ute Schaeper
- Silence Therapeutics GmbH, Berlin, Robert Rössle Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, H3G 1Y6, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill Unversity, H3A 1A3, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James W Dear
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven Masson
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Helen L Reeves
- The Liver Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Raul J Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Digestivas, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, UICEC SCReN, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Daniela Buccella
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Maria L Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
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Kong Y, Gao X, Wang C, Ning C, Liu K, Liu Z, Sun H, Ma X, Sun P, Meng Q. Protective effects of yangonin from an edible botanical Kava against lithocholic acid-induced cholestasis and hepatotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:64-71. [PMID: 29427579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic bile acids in liver could cause cholestasis and liver injury. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of yangonin, a product isolated from an edible botanical Kava against lithocholic acid (LCA)-induced cholestasis, and further to elucidate the involvement of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in the anticholestatic effect using in vivo and in vitro experiments. The cholestatic liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal injections of LCA in C57BL/6 mice. Serum biomarkers and H&E staining were used to identify the amelioration of cholestasis after yangonin treatment. Mice hepatocytes culture, gene silencing experiment, real-time PCR and Western blot assay were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying yangonin hepatoprotection. The results indicated that yangonin promoted bile acid efflux and reduced hepatic uptake via an induction in FXR-target genes Bsep, Mrp2 expression and an inhibition in Ntcp, all of which are responsible for bile acid transport. Furthermore, yangonin reduced bile acid synthesis through repressing FXR-target genes Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1, and increased bile acid metabolism through an induction in gene expression of Sult2a1, which are involved in bile acid synthesis and metabolism. In addition, yangonin suppressed liver inflammation through repressing inflammation-related gene NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β. In vitro evidences showed that the changes in transporters and enzymes induced by yangonin were abrogated when FXR was silenced. In conclusions, yangonin produces protective effect against LCA-induced hepatotoxity and cholestasis due to FXR-mediated regulation. Yangonin may be an effective approach for the prevention against cholestatic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaoguang Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Chenqing Ning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Pengyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Transport of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Brewer CT, Chen T. PXR variants: the impact on drug metabolism and therapeutic responses. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:441-449. [PMID: 27709012 PMCID: PMC5045535 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important and diverse role in mediating xenobiotic induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Several protein isoforms of PXR exist, and they have differential transcriptional activity upon target genes; transcript variants 3 (PXR3) and 4 (PXR4) do not induce target gene expression, whereas transcript variants 1 (PXR1) and 2 (PXR2) respond to agonist by activating target gene expression. PXR protein variants also display differences in protein-protein interactions; PXR1 interacts with p53, whereas PXR3 does not. Furthermore, the transcript variants of PXR that encode these protein isoforms are differentially regulated by methylation and deletions in the respective promoters of the variants, and their expression differs in various human cancers and also in cancerous tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. PXR1 and PXR4 mRNA are downregulated by methylation in cancerous tissue and have divergent effects on cellular proliferation when ectopically overexpressed. Additional detailed and comparative mechanistic studies are required to predict the effect of PXR transcript variant expression on carcinogenesis, therapeutic response, and the development of toxicity.
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Key Words
- AF, activating function
- BAMCA, bacterial artificial chromosome array–based methylated CpG island amplification
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- Drug metabolism
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- MDR, multidrug resistance protein
- NHR, nuclear hormone receptor
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PXR1, PXR transcript variant 1 (434 residues)
- PXR2, transcript variant 2 (473 residues)
- PXR3, transcript variant 3 (397 residues)
- PXR4, transcript variant 4 (322 residues;AK122990)
- Pregnane X receptor
- RACE, 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- Therapeutic responses
- Toxicity
- Transcript variants
- UGT, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
- UTR, untranslated region
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Trent Brewer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children′s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children′s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children′s Research Hospital, Mail Stop #1000, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. Tel.: +1 901 595 5937; fax: +1 901 595 5715.Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children′s Research Hospital, Mail Stop #1000, 262 Danny Thomas PlaceMemphisTN38105USA
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Schiöth HB, Boström A, Murphy SK, Erhart W, Hampe J, Moylan C, Mwinyi J. A targeted analysis reveals relevant shifts in the methylation and transcription of genes responsible for bile acid homeostasis and drug metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:462. [PMID: 27301979 PMCID: PMC4908840 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a high risk for liver cirrhosis and cancer. Recent studies demonstrate that NAFLD significantly impacts on the genome wide methylation and expression reporting top hit genes to be associated with e.g. diabetes mellitus. In a targeted analysis we specifically investigate to what extent NAFLD is associated with methylation and transcriptional changes in gene networks responsible for drug metabolism (DM) and bile acid (BA) homeostasis, which may trigger liver and system toxic events. Methods We performed a systematic analysis of 73 genes responsible for BA homeostasis and DM based on liver derived methylation and expression data from three cohort studies including 103 NAFLD and 75 non-NAFLD patients. Using multiple linear regression models, we detected methylation differences in proximity to the transcriptional start site of these genes in two NAFLD cohorts and correlated the methylation of significantly changed CpG sites to transcriptional expression in a third cohort using robust multiple linear regression approaches. Results We detected 64 genes involved in BA homeostasis and DM to be significantly differentially methylated. In 26 of these genes, methylation significantly correlated with RNA expression, detecting i.e. genes such as CYP27A1, OSTɑ, and SLC27A5 (BA homeostasis), and SLCO2B1, SLC47A1, and several UGT and CYP genes (DM) to be NAFLD dependently modulated. Conclusions NAFLD is associated with significant shifts in the methylation of key genes responsible for BA and DM that are associated with transcriptional modulations. These findings have implications for BA composition, BA regulated metabolic pathways and for drug safety and efficacy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2814-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Boström
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wiebke Erhart
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department I, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cynthia Moylan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessica Mwinyi
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Smutny T, Nova A, Drechslerová M, Carazo A, Hyrsova L, Hrušková ZR, Kuneš J, Pour M, Špulák M, Pavek P. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)quinazoline Derivatives: A New Class of Direct Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4601-10. [PMID: 27145071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a key regulator of xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. Together with pregnane X (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) receptors, it is referred to as "xenobiotic receptor". The unique properties of human CAR, such as its high constitutive activity, both direct (ligand-binding domain-dependent) and indirect activation have hindered the discovery of direct selective human CAR ligands. Herein, we report a novel class of direct human CAR agonists in a group of 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline derivatives. The compounds are even more potent activators of human CAR than is prototype 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO). The three most potent ligands are at the same time extremely potent activators of the other xenobiotic or hormonal receptors, namely PXR, AHR, and vitamin D receptor, which regulate major xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. Thus, the novel CAR ligands can be also considered as constituting the first class of potent pan-xenobiotic receptor ligands that can serve as potential antidotes boosting overall metabolic elimination of xenobiotic or toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Nova
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc , Hnevotinska 5, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Wang YM, Chai SC, Brewer CT, Chen T. Pregnane X receptor and drug-induced liver injury. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1521-32. [PMID: 25252616 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.963555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The liver plays a central role in transforming and clearing foreign substances. The continuous exposure of the liver to xenobiotics sometimes leads to impaired liver function, referred to as drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The pregnane X receptor (PXR) tightly regulates the expression of genes in the hepatic drug-clearance system and its undesired activation plays a role in DILI. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding PXR-mediated DILI and highlights the efforts made to assess and manage PXR-mediated DILI during drug development. EXPERT OPINION Future efforts are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms of PXR-mediated liver injury, including the epigenetic regulation and polymorphisms of PXR. Novel in vitro models containing functional PXR could improve our ability to predict and assess DILI during drug development. PXR inhibitors may provide chemical tools to validate the potential of PXR as a therapeutic target and to develop drugs to be used in the clinic to manage PXR-mediated DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Wang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105 , USA
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7
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Ulloa JL, Stahl S, Yates J, Woodhouse N, Kenna JG, Jones HB, Waterton JC, Hockings PD. Assessment of gadoxetate DCE-MRI as a biomarker of hepatobiliary transporter inhibition. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1258-1270. [PMID: 23564602 PMCID: PMC3817526 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a clinically important adverse drug reaction, which prevents the development of many otherwise safe and effective new drugs. Currently, there is a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers that can be used to predict, assess and manage this toxicity. The aim of this work was to evaluate gadoxetate-enhanced MRI as a potential novel biomarker of hepatobiliary transporter inhibition in the rat. Initially, the volume fraction of extracellular space in the liver was determined using gadopentetate to enable an estimation of the gadoxetate concentration in hepatocytes. Using this information, a compartmental model was developed to characterise the pharmacokinetics of hepatic uptake and biliary excretion of gadoxetate. Subsequently, we explored the impact of an investigational hepatobiliary transporter inhibitor on the parameters of the model in vivo in rats. The investigational hepatobiliary transporter inhibitor reduced both the rate of uptake of gadoxetate into the hepatocyte, k1 , and the Michaelis-Menten constant, Vmax , characterising its excretion into bile, whereas KM values for biliary efflux were increased. These effects were dose dependent and correlated with effects on plasma chemistry markers of liver dysfunction, in particular bilirubin and bile acids. These results indicate that gadoxetate-enhanced MRI provides a novel functional biomarker of inhibition of transporter-mediated hepatic uptake and clearance in the rat. Since gadoxetate is used clinically, the technology has the potential to provide a translatable biomarker of drug-induced perturbation of hepatic transporters that may also be useful in humans to explore deleterious functional alterations caused by transporter inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Ulloa
- Science and Validation, Personalised Healthcare and BiomarkersAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Simone Stahl
- Molecular Toxicology, Safety Assessment UKAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - James Yates
- DMPK, Oncology iMedAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Neil Woodhouse
- Science and Validation, Personalised Healthcare and BiomarkersAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - J Gerry Kenna
- Molecular Toxicology, Safety Assessment UKAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Huw B Jones
- Pathology, Safety Assessment UKAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - John C Waterton
- Science and Validation, Personalised Healthcare and BiomarkersAstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Paul D Hockings
- Science and Validation, Personalised Healthcare and BiomarkersAstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
- MedTech West, Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburg, Sweden
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8
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Engineered Andrographolide Nanoparticles Mitigate Paracetamol Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Pharm Res 2013; 30:1252-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Yang KC, Wang CC, Wu CC, Hung TY, Chang HC, Chang HK, Lin FH. ACUTE AND SUBACUTE ORAL TOXICITY TESTS OF SINTERED DICALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE ON OVARIECTOMIZED RATS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS TREATMENT. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2012. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237210001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sintered dicalcium pyrophosphate (SDCP) is a synthetic pyrophosphate analog that could be utilized in the treatment for osteoporosis. In this study, an ovariectomized rat model is used to evaluate the systematic toxicity of orally administered SDCP relative to its effects on bone mass. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were treated with experimental medication with different dosing strategies (0.5 mg/kg five days weekly, and 2.5 mg/kg once weekly) for once (acute oral toxicity test) and four weeks (subacute oral toxicity test) followed by recovery period. Clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, and food consumption of rats were recorded. Blood samples were collected for hematological and blood biochemical analyses. Rats were sacrificed for necropsy and major visceral organs were harvested for histological examination after the recovery period. Long bones of four limbs were harvested to evaluate the effects of SDCP on bone mass. Results showed that there was no change in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, hematology, blood biochemistry, necropsy, and histological examination attributable to the oral administration with SDCP to rats during the dosing period and the recovery period. Analysis of bone ashes revealed that the ovariectomized rats ingested with 0.5 mg/kg SDCP five days weekly continually for four weeks increased bone mineral contents significantly. In the ovariectomized rats ingested with 2.5 mg/kg SDCP once weekly continually for four weeks, the bone mineral contents were increased to normal bone quality. This study indicates that the SDCP can increase bone mass in the ovariectomized rat with no deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chiang Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chie Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic, Taipei Tzu Chi General Hospital, Sindian City, Taipei County, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic, En Chu Kong Hospital, San-shia Town, Taipei County, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Engineering, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
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Österreicher CH, Trauner M. Xenobiotic-induced liver injury and fibrosis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012; 8:571-80. [PMID: 22452290 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2012.674511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many different drugs and xenobiotics (chemical compounds foreign to an organism) can injure the bile duct epithelium and cause inflammatory bile duct diseases (cholangiopathies) ranging from transient cholestasis to vanishing bile duct syndrome, sclerosing cholangitis with development of biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis. Animal models of xenobiotic-induced liver injury have provided major mechanistic insights into the molecular mechanisms of xenobiotic-induced cholangiopathies and biliary fibrosis including primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the basic principles of xenobiotic-induced liver and bile duct injury and biliary fibrosis with emphasis on animal models. A PubMed search was performed using the search terms "xenobiotic," "liver injury," "cholestasis," and "biliary fibrosis." Reference lists of retrieved articles were also searched for relevant literature. EXPERT OPINION Xenobiotic-induced cholangiopathies are underestimated and frequently overlooked medical conditions due to their often transient nature. However, biliary disease may progress to vanishing bile duct syndrome, biliary fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Moreover, xenobiotics may prime the liver for subsequent liver disease by other agents and may also contribute to the development of hepatobiliary cancer though interaction with resident stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H Österreicher
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Vienna, Austria
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Morgan RE, Trauner M, van Staden CJ, Lee PH, Ramachandran B, Eschenberg M, Afshari CA, Qualls CW, Lightfoot-Dunn R, Hamadeh HK. Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:485-500. [PMID: 20829430 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is an efflux transporter, driving the elimination of endobiotic and xenobiotic substrates from hepatocytes into the bile. More specifically, it is responsible for the elimination of monovalent, conjugated bile salts, with little or no assistance from other apical transporters. Disruption of BSEP activity through genetic disorders is known to manifest in clinical liver injury such as progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. Drug-induced disruption of BSEP is hypothesized to play a role in the development of liver injury for several marketed or withdrawn therapeutics. Unfortunately, preclinical animal models have been poor predictors of the liver injury associated with BSEP interference observed for humans, possibly because of interspecies differences in bile acid composition, differences in hepatobiliary transporter modulation or constitutive expression, as well as other mechanisms. Thus, a BSEP-mediated liver liability may go undetected until the later stages of drug development, such as during clinical trials or even postlicensing. In the absence of a relevant preclinical test system for BSEP-mediated liver injury, the toxicological relevance of available in vitro models to human health rely on the use of benchmark compounds with known clinical outcomes, such as marketed or withdrawn drugs. In this study, membrane vesicles harvested from BSEP-transfected insect cells were used to assess the activity of more than 200 benchmark compounds to thoroughly investigate the relationship between interference with BSEP function and liver injury. The data suggest a relatively strong association between the pharmacological interference with BSEP function and human hepatotoxicity. Although the most accurate translation of risk would incorporate pharmacological potency, pharmacokinetics, clearance mechanisms, tissue distribution, physicochemical properties, indication, and other drug attributes, the additional understanding of a compound's potency for BSEP interference should help to limit or avoid BSEP-related liver liabilities in humans that are not often detected by standard preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Morgan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
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12
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Zebrafish teratogenicity test with metabolic activation (mDarT): Effects of phase I activation of acetaminophen on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos. Toxicology 2010; 275:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Leitner JM, Graninger W, Thalhammer F. Hepatotoxicity of antibacterials: Pathomechanisms and clinical. Infection 2010; 38:3-11. [PMID: 20107858 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-009-9179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a frequent cause of liver disease and acute liver failure, particularly in patients treated with multiple drugs. Several antibacterial drugs have the potential to cause severe liver injury and failure. This article aims to increase the awareness and understanding of drug induced liver injury (DILI) due to antibacterial drugs. It reviews the pattern of antibacterial DILI and provides details on molecular mechanisms and toxicogenomics, as well as clinical data based on epidemiology studies. Certain antibacterial drugs are more frequently linked to hepatotoxicity than others. Therefore, the hepatotoxic potential of tetracyclines,sulfonamides, tuberculostatic agents, macrolides, quinolones,and beta-lactams are discussed in more detail. Efforts to improve the early detection of DILI and the acquisition of high-quality epidemiological data are pivotal for increased patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Leitner
- Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Recent progress in basic research has enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of normal bile secretion and their alterations in cholestasis. Genetic transporter variants contribute to an entire spectrum of cholestatic liver diseases and can cause hereditary cholestatic syndromes or determine susceptibility and disease progression in acquired cholestatic disorders. Cholestasis is associated with complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations of hepatobiliary transporters and enzymes participating in bile formation. Ligand-activated nuclear receptors for bile acids and other biliary compounds play a key role in the regulation of genes required for bile formation. Pharmacological interventions in cholestasis may aim at modulating such novel regulatory pathways. This review will summarize the principles of molecular alterations in cholestasis and will give an overview of potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Child
- Cholangitis/diagnosis
- Cholangitis/immunology
- Cholangitis/therapy
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/diagnosis
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/therapy
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/diagnosis
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/etiology
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/prevention & control
- Cholestasis, Intrahepatic/therapy
- Cystic Fibrosis/complications
- Female
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/diagnosis
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune/therapy
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Infant
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/diagnosis
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/therapy
- Male
- Osteoporosis/etiology
- Osteoporosis/therapy
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis
- Pregnancy Complications/therapy
- Syndrome
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Mottino AD, Catania VA. Hepatic drug transporters and nuclear receptors: Regulation by therapeutic agents. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:7068-74. [PMID: 19084913 PMCID: PMC2776836 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.7068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The canalicular membrane represents the excretory pole of hepatocytes. Bile is an important route of elimination of potentially toxic endo- and xenobiotics (including drugs and toxins), mediated by the major canalicular transporters: multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, ABCB1), also known as P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2), and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2). Their activities depend on regulation of expression and proper localization at the canalicular membrane, as regulated by transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, respectively. At transcriptional level, specific nuclear receptors (NR)s modulated by ligands, co-activators and co-repressors, mediate the physiological requirements of these transporters. This complex system is also responsible for alterations occurring in specific liver pathologies. We briefly describe the major Class II NRs, pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and their role in regulating expression of multidrug resistance proteins. Several therapeutic agents regulate the expression of relevant drug transporters through activation/inactivation of these NRs. We provide some representative examples of the action of therapeutic agents modulating liver drug transporters, which in addition, involve CAR or PXR as mediators.
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Stahl S, Davies MR, Cook DI, Graham MJ. Nuclear hormone receptor-dependent regulation of hepatic transporters and their role in the adaptive response in cholestasis. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:725-77. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250802105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin M Arias
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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