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Biswas A, Kumar S, Choudhury AD, Bisen AC, Sanap SN, Agrawal S, Mishra A, Verma SK, Kumar M, Bhatta RS. Polymers and their engineered analogues for ocular drug delivery: Enhancing therapeutic precision. Biopolymers 2024; 115:e23578. [PMID: 38577865 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery is constrained by anatomical and physiological barriers, necessitating innovative solutions for effective therapy. Natural polymers like hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and gelatin, alongside synthetic counterparts such as PLGA and PEG, have gained prominence for their biocompatibility and controlled release profiles. Recent strides in polymer conjugation strategies have enabled targeted delivery through ligand integration, facilitating tissue specificity and cellular uptake. This versatility accommodates combined drug delivery, addressing diverse anterior (e.g., glaucoma, dry eye) and posterior segment (e.g., macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy) afflictions. The review encompasses an in-depth exploration of each natural and synthetic polymer, detailing their individual advantages and disadvantages for ocular drug delivery. By transcending ocular barriers and refining therapeutic precision, these innovations promise to reshape the management of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivansh Kumar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhijit Deb Choudhury
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sachin Nashik Sanap
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetic Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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2
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Das M, Joshi A, Devkar R, Seshadri S, Thakore S. Vitamin-H Channeled Self-Therapeutic P-gp Inhibitor Curcumin-Derived Nanomicelles for Targeting the Tumor Milieu by pH- and Enzyme-Triggered Hierarchical Disassembly. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:369-385. [PMID: 35015523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An effective nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery to cancer cells primarily faces limitations like the presence of successive drug delivery barriers, insufficient circulation time, drug leakage, and decreased tumor penetration capacity. With the aim of addressing this paradox, a self-therapeutic, curcumin-derived copolymer was synthesized by conjugation with PEGylated biotin via enzyme- and acid-labile ester and acetal linkages. This copolymer is a prodrug of curcumin and self-assembles into ∼150-200 nm-sized nanomicelles; it is capable of encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX) and hence can be designated as self-therapeutic. pH- and enzyme-responsive linkages in the polymer skeleton assist in its hierarchical disassembly only in the tumor microenvironment. Further, the conjugation of biotin and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) imparts features of tumor specificity and improved circulation times to the nanocarrier. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis supports this claim and demonstrates rapid swelling and disruption of micelles under acidic pH. UV-vis spectroscopy provided evidence of an accelerated acetal degradation at pH 4.0 and 5.0. The in vitro release studies revealed a controlled release of DOX under acidic conditions and curcumin release in response to the enzyme. The value of the combination index calculated on HepG2 cells was found to be <1, and hence, the drug pair curcumin and DOX acts synergistically for tumor regression. To prove the efficiency of acid-labile linkages and the prodrug strategy for effective cancer therapy, curcumin-derived polymers devoid of sensitive linkages were also prepared. The prodrug stimuli-responsive nanomicelles showed enhanced cell cytotoxicity and tumor penetration capability on HepG2 cells as well as drug-resistant MCF-7 cell lines and no effect on normal NIH/3T3 fibroblasts as compared to the nonresponsive micelles. The results were also supported by in vivo evidence on a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced nude mice model. An evident decrease in MMP-2, MMP-9, and α-fetoprotein (AFP), the biomarkers specific to tumor progression, was observed along with metastasis upon treatment with the drug-loaded dual-responsive nanomicelles. These observations corroborated with the SGOT and SGPT data as well as the histoarchitecture of the liver tissue in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
| | - Apeksha Joshi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
| | - Ranjitsinh Devkar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
| | - Sriram Seshadri
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382 481, India
| | - Sonal Thakore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, India
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Aghaz F, Vaisi-Raygani A, Khazaei M, Arkan E. The Anti-oxidative Effects of Encapsulated Cysteamine During Mice In Vitro Matured Oocyte/Morula-Compact Stage Embryo Culture Model: a Comparison of High-Efficiency Nanocarriers for Hydrophilic Drug Delivery-a Pilot Study. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:1290-1306. [PMID: 33030694 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well-recognized that antioxidant nano-encapsulation has many benefits such as minimizing side effects (e.g., high-dose toxicity), the most attention was paid to the hydrophobic antioxidant not hydrophilic. In this regard, we sought to compare two hydrophilic model nanocarriers to deliver the optimal dose of cystamine (Cys) into the in vitro matured oocyte and the first cleavage stages until morula-compact stage embryonic cells. The formation of Cys-loaded solid self-emulsifying lipid (Cys + SLN) and Cys-loaded chitosan shell (Cys-CS-NC) were confirmed by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technologies. In two experiments, the oocytes/presumptive zygotes were cultured under various concentrations of Cys-SLN and Cys-CS-NC. The results of nuclear staining (aceto-orcein and Hoechst 33342), H2DCFDA fluorescent staining, chemiluminescence test, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) technique as in vitro toxicity studies demonstrated that adding the lowest dose of Cys-encapsulated in both nanocarriers [Cys-SLN (5 μM) and Cys-CS-NC (10 μM)] to maturation or culture medium could accumulate a strong anti-oxidative effect in oocyte/embryo by controlled release and enhanced intracellular penetration of Cys. In comparison, Cys-SLN (5 μM) is more effective than Cys-CS-NC (10 μM) groups to improve the expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, GPx) or anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) gene and decreased apoptosis (BAX and caspase-3) or intra-/extracellular ROS levels. In a nutshell, both nanocarriers (CS-NC or SLN) can deliver the lowest dose of Cys into the oocyte/embryo, thus encouraging a better expansion of antioxidant genes and enhancing the development of in vitro oocyte/embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Aghaz
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Xing Y, Xu Z, Liu T, Shi L, Kohane D, Guo S. Synthesis of Poly(acyclic orthoester)s: Acid‐Sensitive Biomaterials for Enhancing Immune Responses of Protein Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Daniel Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Division of Critical Care Medicine Children's Hospital Boston Harvard Medical School 300 Longwood Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Xing Y, Xu Z, Liu T, Shi L, Kohane D, Guo S. Synthesis of Poly(acyclic orthoester)s: Acid-Sensitive Biomaterials for Enhancing Immune Responses of Protein Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7235-7239. [PMID: 32061182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While poly(acyclic orthoester)s (PAOEs) have many appealing features for drug delivery, their application is significantly hindered by a lack of facile synthetic methods. Reported here is a simple method for synthesizing acyclic diketene acetal monomers from diols and vinyl ether, and their polymerization with a diol to first synthesize PAOEs. The PAOEs rapidly hydrolyze at lysosomal pH. With the help of a cationic lipid, ovalbumin, a model vaccine antigen was efficiently loaded into PAOEs nanoparticles using a double emulsion method. These nanoparticles efficiently delivered ovalbumin into the cytosol of dendritic cells and demonstrated enhanced antigen presentation over poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. PAOEs are promising vehicles for intracellular delivery of biopharmaceuticals and could increase the utility of poly(orthoesters) in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Daniel Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Dual-stimuli-sensitive poly(ortho ester disulfide urethanes)-based nanospheres with rapid intracellular drug release for enhanced chemotherapy. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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7
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Polymer-based carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery. J Control Release 2018; 285:106-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Tschan MJ, Ieong NS, Todd R, Everson J, Dove AP. Unlocking the Potential of Poly(Ortho Ester)s: A General Catalytic Approach to the Synthesis of Surface-Erodible Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16664-16668. [PMID: 29087610 PMCID: PMC5814846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ortho ester)s (POEs) are well-known for their surface-eroding properties and hence present unique opportunities for controlled-release and tissue-engineering applications. Their development and wide-spread investigation has, however, been severely limited by challenging synthetic requirements that incorporate unstable intermediates and are therefore highly irreproducible. Herein, the first catalytic method for the synthesis of POEs using air- and moisture-stable vinyl acetal precursors is presented. The synthesis of a range of POE structures is demonstrated, including those that are extremely difficult to achieve by other synthetic methods. Furthermore, application of this chemistry permits efficient installation of functional groups through ortho ester linkages on an aliphatic polycarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nga Sze Ieong
- Department of ChemistryThe University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Richard Todd
- Department of ChemistryThe University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Jack Everson
- Department of ChemistryThe University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- Department of ChemistryThe University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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9
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Gao C, Peng S, Feng P, Shuai C. Bone biomaterials and interactions with stem cells. Bone Res 2017; 5:17059. [PMID: 29285402 PMCID: PMC5738879 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone biomaterials play a vital role in bone repair by providing the necessary substrate for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and by modulating cell activity and function. In past decades, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing bone biomaterials with a focus on the following issues: (1) developing ideal biomaterials with a combination of suitable biological and mechanical properties; (2) constructing a cell microenvironment with pores ranging in size from nanoscale to submicro- and microscale; and (3) inducing the oriented differentiation of stem cells for artificial-to-biological transformation. Here we present a comprehensive review of the state of the art of bone biomaterials and their interactions with stem cells. Typical bone biomaterials that have been developed, including bioactive ceramics, biodegradable polymers, and biodegradable metals, are reviewed, with an emphasis on their characteristics and applications. The necessary porous structure of bone biomaterials for the cell microenvironment is discussed, along with the corresponding fabrication methods. Additionally, the promising seed stem cells for bone repair are summarized, and their interaction mechanisms with bone biomaterials are discussed in detail. Special attention has been paid to the signaling pathways involved in the focal adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on bone biomaterials. Finally, achievements regarding bone biomaterials are summarized, and future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengde Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cijun Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Tschan MJL, Ieong NS, Todd R, Everson J, Dove AP. Unlocking the Potential of Poly(Ortho
Ester)s: A General Catalytic Approach to the Synthesis of Surface-Erodible Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nga Sze Ieong
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Richard Todd
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jack Everson
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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Fu S, Yang G, Wang J, Wang X, Cheng X, Tang R. Acid-degradable poly(ortho ester urethanes) copolymers for potential drug carriers: Preparation, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Liu B, Thayumanavan S. Substituent Effects on the pH Sensitivity of Acetals and Ketals and Their Correlation with Encapsulation Stability in Polymeric Nanogels. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2306-2317. [PMID: 28106385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of structural variations in acetal- and ketal-based linkers upon their degradation kinetics is studied through the design, synthesis, and study of six series of molecules, comprising a total of 18 different molecules. Through this systematic study, we show that the structural fine-tuning of the linkers allows access to variations in kinetics of degradation of more than 6 orders of magnitude. Hammett correlations show that the ρ value for the hydrolysis of benzylidene acetals is about -4.06, which is comparable to an SN1-like process. This shows that there is a strong, developing positive charge at the benzylic position in the transition state during the degradation of acetals. This positively charged transition state is consistent with the relative degradation rates of acetals vs ketals (correlated to stabilities of 1°, 2°, and 3° carboxonium ion type intermediates) and the observed effect of proximal electron-withdrawing groups upon the degradation rates. Following this, we studied whether the degradation kinetics study correlates with pH-sensitive variations in the host-guest characteristics of polymeric nanogels that contains these acetal or ketal moieties as cross-linking functionalities. Indeed, the trends observed in the small molecule degradation have clear correlations with the encapsulation stability of guest molecules within these polymeric nanogels. The implications of this fundamental study extend to a broad range of applications, well beyond the polymeric nanogel examples studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Kim HU, Choi DG, Roh YH, Shim MS, Bong KW. Microfluidic Synthesis of pH-Sensitive Multicompartmental Microparticles for Multimodulated Drug Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3463-70. [PMID: 27197594 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive carriers releasing multiple drugs have been researched for synergistic combinatorial cancer treatment with reduced side-effects. However, previously used drug carriers have limitations in encapsulating multiple drug components in a single carrier and releasing each drug independently. In this work, pH-sensitive, multimodulated, anisotropic drug carrier particles are synthesized using an acid-cleavable polymer and stop-flow lithography. The particles exhibit a faster drug release rate at the acidic pH of tumors than at physiological pH, demonstrating their potential for tumor-selective drug release. The drug release rate of the particles can be adjusted by controlling the monomer composition. To accomplish multimodulated drug release, multicompartmental particles are synthesized. The drug release profile of each compartment is programmed by tailoring the monomer composition. These pH-sensitive, multicompartmental particles are promising drug carriers enabling tumor-selective and multimodulated release of multiple drugs for synergistic combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Dae Gun Choi
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Roh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
| | - Min Suk Shim
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, South Korea
| | - Ki Wan Bong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, South Korea
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Li H, Palamoor M, Jablonski MM. Poly(ortho ester) nanoparticles targeted for chronic intraocular diseases: ocular safety and localization after intravitreal injection. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1152-9. [PMID: 27108911 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1181808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of posterior eye diseases is more challenging than the anterior segment ailments due to a series of anatomical barriers and physiological constraints confronted by drug delivery to the back of the eye. In recent years, concerted efforts in drug delivery have been made to prolong the residence time of drugs injected in the vitreous humor of the eye. Our previous studies demonstrated that poly(ortho ester) (POE) nanoparticles were biodegradable/biocompatible and were capable of long-term sustained release. The objective of the present study was to investigate the safety and localization of POE nanoparticles in New Zealand white rabbits and C57BL/6 mice after intravitreal administration for the treatment of chronic posterior ocular diseases. Two concentration levels of POE nanoparticles solution were chosen for intravitreal injection: 1.5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. Our results demonstrate that POE nanoparticles were distributed throughout the vitreous cavity by optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination 14 days post-intravitreal injection. Intraocular pressure was not changed from baseline. Inflammatory or adverse effects were undetectable by slit lamp biomicroscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that POE nanoparticles have negligible toxicity assessed at the cellular level evidenced by a lack of glia activation or apoptosis estimation after intravitreal injection. Collectively, POE nanoparticles are a novel and nontoxic as an ocular drug delivery system for the treatment of posterior ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Li
- a Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China .,b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Mallika Palamoor
- b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA .,c Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA , and.,d Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , USA
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15
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Fang Z, Wan LY, Chu LY, Zhang YQ, Wu JF. 'Smart' nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for applications in tumor therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1943-53. [PMID: 26193970 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the therapy of clinical diseases such as cancer, it is important to deliver drugs directly to tumor sites in order to maximize local drug concentration and reduce side effects. This objective may be realized by using 'smart' nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems, because they enable dramatic conformational changes in response to specific physical/chemical stimuli from the diseased cells for targeted and controlled drug release. AREAS COVERED In this review, we first briefly summarize the characteristics of 'smart' NPs as drug delivery systems in medical therapy, and then discuss their targeting transport, transmembrane and endosomal escape behaviors. Lastly, we focus on the applications of 'smart' NPs as drug delivery systems for tumor therapy. EXPERT OPINION Biodegradable 'smart' NPs have the potential to achieve maximum efficacy and drug availability at the desired sites, and reduce the harmful side effects for healthy tissues in tumor therapy. It is necessary to select appropriate NPs and modify their characteristics according to treatment strategies of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ;
| | - Lin-Yan Wan
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ; .,b 2 China Three Gorges University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- c 3 Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.,d 4 Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomaterials Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ;
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ; .,b 2 China Three Gorges University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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16
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High-throughput in vitro drug release and pharmacokinetic simulation as a tool for drug delivery system development: application to intravitreal ocular administration. Int J Pharm 2014; 477:469-75. [PMID: 25445526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro estimation of release kinetics from drug delivery systems is needed in formulation development. Cost-effective methods of assessment for delivery systems are needed particularly in the case of biologicals and drug administration routes that are difficult to screen in vivo (e.g. intraocular drug delivery). As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate here a practical high-throughput methodology to investigate in vitro drug release and predict resulting drug concentrations in the eye after intravitreal administration. 96-well plate based assay aided with robotic sampling was used to study release of eight model drugs of varying physicochemical properties (dexamethasone, vancomycin, alpha-lactalbumin, lysozyme, myoglobin, albumin, lactoferrin, human IgG) from twelve alginate microsphere formulations. The amount of drug released over a period of time was assessed by photometric and fluorescence methods. In vitro drug release rates obtained were used in pharmacokinetic simulations using one-compartment model of the vitreal cavity with anatomical volume of distribution and clearance estimates based on the literature precedence. An integrated approach of drug release screening and pharmacokinetic simulations can prove to be a useful methodology in guiding formulation development for ocular delivery in animal models. In general, the methodology has the potential to be a cost-effective tool for early stage drug delivery system discovery and development.
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Phillips DJ, Gibson MI. Redox-sensitive materials for drug delivery: targeting the correct intracellular environment, tuning release rates, and appropriate predictive systems. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:786-803. [PMID: 24219144 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The development of responsive drug delivery systems (DDS) holds great promise as a tool for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of drug compounds. Redox-sensitive systems are particularly attractive given the rich variety of redox gradients present in vivo. These gradients, where the circulation is generally considered oxidizing and the cellular environment is substantially more reducing, provide attractive options for targeted, specific cargo delivery. RECENT ADVANCES Experimental evidence suggests that a "one size fits all" redox gradient does not exist. Rather, there are subtle differences in redox potential within a cell, while the chemical nature of reducing agents in these microenvironments varies. Recent works have demonstrated an ability to modulate the degradation rate of redox-susceptible groups and, hence, provide new tools to engineer precision-targeted DDS. CRITICAL ISSUES Modern synthetic and macromolecular chemistry provides access to a wide range of redox-susceptible architectures. However, in order to utilize these in real applications, the actual chemical nature of the redox-susceptible group, the sub-cellular location being targeted, and the redox microenvironment being encountered should be considered in detail. This is critical to avoid the over-simplification possible when using non-biological reducing agents, which may provide inaccurate kinetic information, and to ensure these materials can be advanced beyond simple "on/off" systems. Furthermore, a strong case can be made for the use of biorelevant reducing agents such as glutathione when demonstrating a materials redox response. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A further understanding of the complexities of the extra- and intracellular microenvironments would greatly assist with the design and application of DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
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Swaminathan S, Li H, Palamoor M, de Obarrio WTL, Madhura D, Meibohm B, Jablonski MM. Novel endogenous glycan therapy for retinal diseases: safety, in vitro stability, ocular pharmacokinetic modeling, and biodistribution. AAPS J 2014; 16:311-23. [PMID: 24470212 PMCID: PMC3933590 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-014-9563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asialo, tri-antennary oligosaccharide (NA3 glycan) is an endogenous compound, which supports proper folding of outer segment membranes, promotes normal ultrastructure, and maintains protein expression patterns of photoreceptors and Müller cells in the absence of retinal pigment epithelium support. It is a potential new therapeutic for atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal degenerative disorders. Herein, we evaluate the safety, in vitro stability, ocular pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of NA3. NA3 was injected into the vitreous of New Zealand white rabbits at two concentrations viz. 1 nM (minimum effective concentration (MEC)) and 100 nM (100XMEC) at three time points. Safety was evaluated using routine clinical and laboratory tests. Ocular pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of [(3)H]NA3 were estimated using scintillation counting in various parts of the eye, multiple peripheral organs, and plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental modeling. A 2-aminobenzamide labeling and hydrophilic interaction liquid interaction chromatography were used to assess plasma and vitreous stability. NA3 was well tolerated by the eye. The concentration of NA3 in eye tissues was in the order: vitreous > retina > sclera/choroid > aqueous humor > cornea > lens. Area under the curve (0 to infinity) (AUC∞) was the highest in the vitreous thereby providing a positive concentration gradient for NA3 to reach the retina. Half-lives in critical eye tissues ranged between 40 and 60 h. NA3 concentrations were negligible in peripheral organs. Radioactivity from [(3)H]NA3 was excreted via urine and feces. NA3 was stable at 37°C in vitreous over a minimum of 6 days, while it degraded rapidly in plasma. Collectively, these results document that NA3 shows a good safety profile and favorable ocular pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Swaminathan
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Huiling Li
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Mallika Palamoor
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Walter T. Luchsinger de Obarrio
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
| | - Dorababu Madhura
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee USA
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee USA
| | - Monica M. Jablonski
- />Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee 38163 USA
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Comparative study on diffusion and evaporation emulsion methods used to load hydrophilic drugs in poly(ortho ester) nanoparticle emulsions. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phillips DJ, Patterson JP, O'Reilly RK, Gibson MI. Glutathione-triggered disassembly of isothermally responsive polymer nanoparticles obtained by nanoprecipitation of hydrophilic polymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles obtained by the nanoprecipitation of responsive polymers are shown to specifically and rapidly disassemble into hydrophilic polymer chains in the presence of intracellular concentrations of glutathione.
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Palamoor M, Jablonski MM. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies of celecoxib-loaded poly(ortho ester) nanoparticles targeted for intraocular drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li L, Xu Y, Milligan I, Fu L, Franckowiak EA, Du W. Synthesis of Highly pH-Responsive Glucose Poly(orthoester). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Li L, Xu Y, Milligan I, Fu L, Franckowiak EA, Du W. Synthesis of Highly pH-Responsive Glucose Poly(orthoester). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13699-702. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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