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Sequeira L, Benfeito S, Fernandes C, Lima I, Peixoto J, Alves C, Machado CS, Gaspar A, Borges F, Chavarria D. Drug Development for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Where Do We Go Now? Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:708. [PMID: 38931832 PMCID: PMC11206728 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a set of progressive, chronic, and incurable diseases characterized by the gradual loss of neurons, culminating in the decline of cognitive and/or motor functions. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common NDs and represent an enormous burden both in terms of human suffering and economic cost. The available therapies for AD and PD only provide symptomatic and palliative relief for a limited period and are unable to modify the diseases' progression. Over the last decades, research efforts have been focused on developing new pharmacological treatments for these NDs. However, to date, no breakthrough treatment has been discovered. Hence, the development of disease-modifying drugs able to halt or reverse the progression of NDs remains an unmet clinical need. This review summarizes the major hallmarks of AD and PD and the drugs available for pharmacological treatment. It also sheds light on potential directions that can be pursued to develop new, disease-modifying drugs to treat AD and PD, describing as representative examples some advances in the development of drug candidates targeting oxidative stress and adenosine A2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS—Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Chavarria
- CIQUP-IMS—Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Shi J, Wang H, Wang Y, Peng Y, Huang X, Zhang Y, Geng H, Wang Y, Li X, Liu C, Liu C. Mitochondrion-targeting and in situ photocontrolled protein delivery via photocages. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112624. [PMID: 36521315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial proteostasis contribute to many disorders, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and metabolic and genetic diseases. A strategy aimed at restoring the damaged mitochondrial proteostasis is the mitochondrion-targeting and carrier-free delivery of exogenous functional proteins that can replace the endogenous dysfunctional proteins. The modification of a protein with a photolabile protecting group (PPG, i.e., photocage group) can be activated in situ by response to illumination, leading to release of the protein from its photocage. Here, the Cys and peptide photocages with coumarin were first prepared and characterized for proof of concept. Then, we designed a pair of photocage groups PPG-RhB and PPG-TPP using coumarin and mitochondrion-targeting Rhodamine B (RhB) and triphenylphosphine (TPP), and another pair of organelle-nontarget photocage groups Br-PPG and NO2-PPG for comparison. The proteins modified with these two pairs of photocage groups undergo photolysis in solutions, and can penetrate cell membrane toward their destinations in the carrier-free fashions. The intracellular protein photocages are in situ activated by illumination at 405 nm, and the proteins are released from their photocages in mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. This strategy of light-responsive and carrier-free cellular delivery enables mitochondrial and cytoplasmic accumulation of exogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yujie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China; College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Chunrong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry Education, School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, PR China.
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Ishkaeva RA, Salakhieva DV, Garifullin R, Alshadidi R, Laikov AV, Yergeshov AA, Kamalov MI, Abdullin TI. A new triphenylphosphonium-conjugated amphipathic cationic peptide with improved cell-penetrating and ROS-targeting properties. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 4:100148. [PMID: 36593927 PMCID: PMC9804109 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We study for the first time whether triphenylphosphonium (TPP) moiety can improve cellular delivery and redox properties of amphipathic cationic peptides based on YRFK/YrFK cell-penetrating and cytoprotective motif. TPP moiety was found to increase reducing activity of both stereoisomeric peptides in solution and on electrode surface in association with TPP-mediated intramolecular interactions. Among TPP-conjugated peptides, newly synthesized TPP3-YrFK featured both increased antioxidant efficacy and proteolytic resistance. TPP-conjugated peptides preferably mitigated endogenic ROS in mitochondria and cytoplasm of model glioblastoma cells with increased oxidative status. This anti-ROS effect was accompanied by mild reversible decrease of reduced glutathione level in the cells with relatively weak change in glutathione redox forms ratio. Such low interference with cell redox status is in accordance with non-cytotoxic nature of the compounds. Intracellular concentrations of label-free peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, which showed substantial TPP-promoted penetration of YrFK motif across cell plasma membrane. However, according to ΔΨm analysis, TPP moiety did not profoundly enhance peptide interaction with mitochondrial inner membrane. Our study clarifies the role of TPP moiety in cellular delivery of amphipathic cationic oligopeptides. The results suggest TPP moiety as a multi-functional modifier for the oligopeptides which is capable of improving cellular pharmacokinetics and antioxidant activity as well as targeting increased ROS levels. The results encourage further investigation of TPP3-YrFK as a peptide antioxidant with multiple benefits.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- Amphipathic cationic peptides
- CCCP, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone
- CD, circular dichroism
- Cellular pharmacokinetics
- DCFDA, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution
- Intramolecular interaction
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry
- MCB, monochlorobimane
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- ROS targeting
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Redox activity
- SPPS, solid-phase peptide synthesis
- TPP, triphenylphosphonium
- Triphenylphosphonium cation
- aa, amino acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda A. Ishkaeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Diana V. Salakhieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ruslan Garifullin
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia,Department of Aeronautical Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Türkkuşu Kampüsü, 06790, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raghad Alshadidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Laikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Abdulla A. Yergeshov
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marat I. Kamalov
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur I. Abdullin
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Volga Region Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Pharmacology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008, Kazan, Russia.
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Triphenylphosphonium Modified Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle for Enhanced Algicidal Efficacy of Cyclohexyl-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) Amine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911901. [PMID: 36233203 PMCID: PMC9569965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) have been widely used for the delivery of different hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs owing to their large surface area and ease of chemical alteration. On the other hand, triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+) with high lipophilicity has a great mitochondrial homing property that stimulates the internalization of drugs into cells. Therefore, we designed a TPP-modified MSNP to enhance the algicidal activity of our new algicidal agent cyclohexyl-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) amine (DP92). In this study, algicidal activity was evaluated by assessing the growth rate inhibition of two harmful algal blooms (HABs), Heterosigma akashiwo and Heterocapsa circularisquama, after treatment with DP92-loaded MSNP or TPP-MSNP and DP92 in DMSO (as control). For H. akashiwo, the IC50 values of TPP-MSNP and MSNP are 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.16 ± 0.03 µM, respectively, whereas the value of the control is 0.27 ± 0.02 µM. For H. circularisquama, the IC50 values of TPP-MSNP and MSNP are 0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.29 ± 0.02 µM, respectively, whereas the value of the control is 1.90 ± 0.09 µM. Results have indicated that TPP-MSNP efficiently enhanced the algicidal activity of DP92, signifying the prospect of using DP92-loaded TPP-MSNP as an algicidal agent for the superior management of HABs.
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Xie B, Wang Y, Wang D, Xue X, Nie Y. Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Efficacy Studies of Iridium (III) Polypyridyl Complexes against Colon Cancer HCT116 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:5434. [PMID: 36080200 PMCID: PMC9458069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, two new iridium (III) complexes, [Ir(ppy)2(ipbp)](PF6) (Ir1) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, ipbp = 3-(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2yl)-4H-chromen-4-one) and [Ir(bzq)2(ipbp)](PF6) (Ir2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinolone), were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of the complexes against human colon cancer HCT116 and normal LO2 cells was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The complexes Ir1 and Ir2 show high cytotoxic efficacy toward HCT116 cells with a low IC50 value of 1.75 ± 0.10 and 6.12 ± 0.2 µM. Interestingly, Ir1 only kills cancer cells, not normal LO2 cells (IC50 > 200 µM). The inhibition of cell proliferation and migration were investigated by multiple tumor spheroid (3D) and wound healing experiments. The cellular uptake was explored under a fluorescence microscope. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), change of mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione (GSH) and adenine nucleoside triphosphate (ATP) were studied. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were performed by flow cytometry. The results show that the complexes induce early apoptosis and inhibit the cell proliferation at the G0/G1 phase. Additionally, the apoptotic mechanism was researched by Western blot analysis. The results obtained demonstrate that the complexes cause apoptosis in HCT116 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Xingkui Xue
- Department of Medical Research Center, People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511458, China
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Osborne BE, Yue TTC, Waters ECT, Baark F, Southworth R, Long NJ. Synthesis and ex vivo biological evaluation of gallium-68 labelled NODAGA chelates assessing cardiac uptake and retention. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14695-14705. [PMID: 34585706 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabelled lipophilic cations can be used to non-invasively report on mitochondrial dysfunction in diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cardiotoxicity and cancer. Several such lipophilic cations are currently used clinically to map myocardial perfusion using SPECT imaging. Since PET offers significant advantages over SPECT in terms of sensitivity, resolution and the capacity for dynamic imaging to allow pharmacokinetic modelling, we have synthesised and radiolabelled a series of NODAGA-based radiotracers, with triarylphosphonium-functionalisation, with gallium-68 to develop PET-compatible cationic complexes. To evaluate their capacity to report upon mitochondrial membrane potential, we assessed their pharmacokinetic profiles in isolated perfused rat hearts before and after mitochondrial depolarisation with the ionophore CCCP. All three tracers radiolabel with over 96% RCY, with log D7.4 values above -0.4 observed for the most lipophilic example of this family of radiotracers. The candidate tracer [68Ga]Ga4c exhibited non-preferential uptake in healthy cardiac tissue over CCCP-infused cardiac tissue. While this approach does show promise, the lipophilicity of this family of probes needs improving in order for them to be effective cardiac imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Osborne
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Thomas T C Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Edward C T Waters
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Friedrich Baark
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Richard Southworth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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Zou X, Shi Y, Zhu R, Han J, Han S. Organelle-Redirected Chameleon Sensor-Enabled Live Cell Imaging of Mitochondrial DNA. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15899-15907. [PMID: 31743646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays important roles in diverse physiological processes and myriad diseases. We herein report mtDNA imaging with a chameleon sensor containing a cationic rhodamine B (RB) entity for mitochondria targeting and a fluorogenic SYBR Green-I (SG) entity for DNA sensing. SG-RB selectively binds to mtDNA and gives green SG fluorescence in mitochondria of living cells but gives red RB fluorescence upon delivery of mitochondria into lysosomes in mitophagy. With the dual-color imaging, mtDNA aggregation and elevated mitophagy were identified in HeLa cells stressed with anticancer doxorubicin. These results suggest the utility of organelle-redirected DNA sensors for live cell imaging of mtDNA involved in myriad pathological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Zou
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yilong Shi
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,State key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
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8
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Sun Y, Zhan A, Zhou S, Kuang X, Shen H, Liu H, Xu Y. A novel mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide for subcellular delivery of nanoparticles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Badruddoza AZM, McCarthy JR, Lee YK, Huh KM. Biomaterials and Bioengineering Approaches for Mitochondria and Nuclear Targeting Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurunnabi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129 United States
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 United States
| | - Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219 United States
| | - Jason R. McCarthy
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129 United States
| | - Yong-kyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 380-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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10
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Smith AJ, Gawne PJ, Ma MT, Blower PJ, Southworth R, Long NJ. Synthesis, gallium-68 radiolabelling and biological evaluation of a series of triarylphosphonium-functionalized DO3A chelators. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15448-15457. [PMID: 30328444 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02966k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabelled lipophilic cations that accumulate in mitochondria according to the magnitude of the mitochondrial membrane potential can be used to report non-invasively on mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease, cardiotoxicity, and cancer. While several such cations are already commercially available for SPECT imaging, PET offers greater promise in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and capacity for dynamic imaging and pharmacokinetic modelling. We have therefore synthesised a series of three triarylphosphonium-functionalised DO3A chelators for positron emitter gallium-68, with differing alkyl-functionalisation motifs to provide opportunities for tunable lipophilicity as a means of optimising their pharmacokinetics. To assess their capacity to report on mitochondrial membrane potential, we assessed their pharmacokinetic profiles in isolated tumour cells and isolated perfused rat hearts before and after mitochondrial depolarisation with the ionophore CCCP. All three compounds radiolabelled with over 97% RCY and exhibited log D values of between -3.12 and -1.81. In vitro assessment of the uptake of the radiotracers in cultured tumour cells showed a three-fold increase in uptake compared to unchelated [68Ga]Ga(iii). However, each complex exhibited less than 1% retention in healthy hearts, which was not significantly diminished by mitochondrial depolarisation with CCCP. This preliminary work suggests that while this approach is promising, the lipophilicity of this class of tracers must be increased in order for them to be useful as cardiac or cancer imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK.
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11
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Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-targeted quinone-and hydroquinone-derivatives: Review on new strategy of antiplatelet activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:215-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Li Q, Zhou T, Wu F, Li N, Wang R, Zhao Q, Ma YM, Zhang JQ, Ma BL. Subcellular drug distribution: mechanisms and roles in drug efficacy, toxicity, resistance, and targeted delivery. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:430-447. [PMID: 30270675 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1512614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
After administration, drug molecules usually enter target cells to access their intracellular targets. In eukaryotic cells, these targets are often located in organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and peroxisomes. Each organelle type possesses unique biological features. For example, mitochondria possess a negative transmembrane potential, while lysosomes have an intraluminal delta pH. Other properties are common to several organelle types, such as the presence of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or solute carrier-type (SLC) transporters that sequester or pump out xenobiotic drugs. Studies on subcellular drug distribution are critical to understand the efficacy and toxicity of drugs along with the body's resistance to them and to potentially offer hints for targeted subcellular drug delivery. This review summarizes the results of studies from 1990 to 2017 that examined the subcellular distribution of small molecular drugs. We hope this review will aid in the understanding of drug distribution within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ting Zhou
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Fei Wu
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Na Li
- c Department of Chinese materia medica , School of Pharmacy , Shanghai , China
| | - Rui Wang
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Qing Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yue-Ming Ma
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- b Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Bing-Liang Ma
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
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13
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Han X, Su R, Huang X, Wang Y, Kuang X, Zhou S, Liu H. Triphenylphosphonium-modified mitochondria-targeted paclitaxel nanocrystals for overcoming multidrug resistance. Asian J Pharm Sci 2018; 14:569-580. [PMID: 32104484 PMCID: PMC7032231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are currently known as novel targets for treating cancer, especially for tumors displaying multidrug resistance (MDR). This present study aimed to develop a mitochondria-targeted delivery system by using triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP+)-conjugated Brij 98 as the functional stabilizer to modify paclitaxel (PTX) nanocrystals (NCs) against drug-resistant cancer cells. Evaluations were performed on 2D monolayer and 3D multicellular spheroids (MCs) of MCF-7 cells and MCF-7/ADR cells. In comparison with free PTX and the non-targeted PTX NCs, the targeted PTX NCs showed the strongest cytotoxicity against both 2D MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells, which was correlated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The targeted PTX NCs exhibited deeper penetration on MCF-7 MCs and more significant growth inhibition on both MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR MCs. The proposed strategy indicated that the TPP+-modified NCs represent a potentially viable approach for targeted chemotherapeutic molecules to mitochondria. This strategy might provide promising therapeutic outcomes to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ruijuan Su
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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14
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Effect of triphenylphosphonium moiety on spatial structure and biointeractions of stereochemical variants of YRFK motif. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 48:25-34. [PMID: 30105402 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of therapeutic peptides is an important approach to improving their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation has proved to be a powerful modifier; however, its effects on peptide structure and activity remain uncharacterized. In this study, cytoprotective tetrapeptides based on the YRFK opioid motif with L- or D-Arg residues were linked to (triphenylphosphonio)carboxylic acids with ethylene and pentylene spacers (TPP-3 and TPP-6 groups, respectively). The three-dimensional structure of the oligopeptides was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy, computational methods and circular dichroism (CD). A more compact and bent structure with segregated aromatic groups was revealed for the D-arginine-containing tetrapeptide and its TPP-6 derivative. The TPP moiety caused structure-organizing effect on the tetrapeptides, resulting in transition from random coil to β-sheet structures, and decreased the peptide backbone flexibility up to ten times. The TPP-3-modified oligopeptide with the lowest RMSD value (ca. 0.05 Å) was characterized by intrapeptide hydrophobic interactions between the TPP and side groups of Tyr and Phe residues accompanied by strong CD induction. The TPP-6-modified oligopeptides showed enhanced ability to form intermolecular associates and disturb liposomal membranes. The relationship between the spatial structure of the oligopeptides and some of their biologically relevant interactions were additionally revealed and are discussed.
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15
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Wang S, Yin H, Huang Y, Guan X. Thiol Specific and Mitochondria Selective Fluorogenic Benzofurazan Sulfide for Live Cell Nonprotein Thiol Imaging and Quantification in Mitochondria. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8170-8177. [PMID: 29842788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular thiols are divided into two major categories: nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and protein thiols (PSH). Thiols are unevenly distributed inside the cell and compartmentalized in subcellular structures. Most of our knowledge on functions/dysfunctions of cellular/subcellular thiols is based on the quantification of cellular/subcellular thiols through homogenization of cellular/subcellular structures followed by a thiol quantification method. We would like to report a thiol-specific mitochondria-selective fluorogenic benzofurazan sulfide {7,7'-thiobis( N-rhodamine-benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-4-sulfonamide) (TBROS)} that can effectively image and quantify live cell NPSH in mitochondria through fluorescence intensity. Limited methods are available for imaging thiols in mitochondria in live cells especially in a quantitative manner. The thiol specificity of TBROS was demonstrated by its ability to react with thiols and inability to react with biologically relevant nucleophilic functional groups other than thiols. TBROS, with minimal fluorescence, formed strong fluorescent thiol adducts (λex = 550 nm, λem = 580 nm) when reacting with NPSH confirming its fluorogenicity. TBROS failed to react with PSH from bovine serum albumin and cell homogenate proteins. The high mitochondrial thiol selectivity of TBROS was achieved by its mitochondria targeting structure and its higher reaction rate with NPSH at mitochondrial pH. Imaging of mitochondrial NPSH in live cells was confirmed by two colocalization methods and use of a thiol-depleting reagent. TBROS effectively imaged NPSH changes in a quantitative manner in mitochondria in live cells. The reagent will be a useful tool in exploring physiological and pathological roles of mitochondrial thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Huihui Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Xiangming Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions , South Dakota State University , Box 2202C , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
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16
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Akhmadishina RA, Garifullin R, Petrova NV, Kamalov MI, Abdullin TI. Triphenylphosphonium Moiety Modulates Proteolytic Stability and Potentiates Neuroprotective Activity of Antioxidant Tetrapeptides in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:115. [PMID: 29520232 PMCID: PMC5827532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although delocalized lipophilic cations have been identified as effective cellular and mitochondrial carriers for a range of natural and synthetic drug molecules, little is known about their effects on pharmacological properties of peptides. The effect of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation on bioactivity of antioxidant tetrapeptides based on the model opioid YRFK motif was studied. Two tetrapeptide variants with L-arginine (YRFK) and D-arginine (YrFK) were synthesized and coupled with carboxyethyl-TPP (TPP-3) and carboxypentyl-TPP (TPP-6) units. The TPP moiety noticeably promoted YRFK cleavage by trypsin, but effectively prevented digestion of more resistant YrFK attributed, respectively, to structure-organizing and shielding effects of the TPP cation on conformational variants of the tetrapeptide motif. The TPP moiety enhanced radical scavenging activity of the modified YRFK in a model Fenton-like reaction, whereas decreased reactivity was revealed for both YrFK and its TPP derivative. The starting motifs and modified oligopeptides, especially the TPP-6 derivatives, suppressed acute oxidative stress in neuronal PC-12 cells during a brief exposure similarly with glutathione. The effect of oligopeptides was compared upon culturing of PC-12 cells with CoCl2, L-glutamic acid, or menadione to mimic physiologically relevant oxidative states. The cytoprotective activity of oligopeptides significantly depended on the type of oxidative factor, order of treatment and peptide structure. Pronounced cell-protective effect was established for the TPP-modified oligopeptides, which surpassed that of the unmodified motifs. The protease-resistant TPP-modified YrFK showed the highest activity when administered 24 h prior to the cell damage. Our results suggest that the TPP cation can be used as a modifier for small therapeutic peptides to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda A. Akhmadishina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ruslan Garifullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Natalia V. Petrova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marat I. Kamalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Timur I. Abdullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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17
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Khatun Z, Choi YS, Kim YG, Yoon K, Nurunnabi M, Li L, Lee E, Kang HC, Huh KM. Bioreducible Poly(ethylene glycol)-Triphenylphosphonium Conjugate as a Bioactivable Mitochondria-Targeting Nanocarrier. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1074-1085. [PMID: 28257184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivable nanocarrier systems have favorable characteristics such as high cellular uptake, target specificity, and an efficient intracellular release mechanism. In this study, we developed a bioreducible methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG)-triphenylphosphonium (TPP) conjugate (i.e., mPEG-(ss-TPP)2 conjugate) as a vehicle for mitochondrial drug delivery. A bioreducible linkage with two disulfide bond-containing end groups was used at one end of the hydrophilic mPEG for conjugation with lipophilic TPP molecules. The amphiphilic mPEG-(ss-TPP)2 self-assembled in aqueous media, which thereby formed core-shell structured nanoparticles (NPs) with good colloidal stability, and efficiently encapsulated the lipophilic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The DOX-loaded mPEG-(ss-TPP)2 NPs were characterized in terms of their physicochemical and morphological properties, drug-loading and release behaviors, in vitro anticancer effects, and mitochondria-targeting capacity. Our results suggest that bioreducible DOX-loaded mPEG-(ss-TPP)2 NPs can induce fast drug release with enhanced mitochondrial uptake and have a better therapeutic effect than nonbioreducible NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeon Su Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea , 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Chang Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and BK21 PLUS Team for Creative Leader Program for Pharmacomics-based Future Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea , 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
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18
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Xue Z, Zhao H, Liu J, Han J, Han S. Responsive hetero-organelle partition conferred fluorogenic sensing of mitochondrial depolarization. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1915-1921. [PMID: 28451305 PMCID: PMC5364656 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malfunctioning organelles are often difficult to probe with classical organelle-homing sensors owing to disruption of physiological organelle-probe affinity. We herein report the use of a responsive hetero-organelle partition and signal activable probe (RC-TPP) for detecting mitochondrial depolarization, a pathologically relevant event featuring loss of the electrical potentials across the mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm). Partitioned in mitochondria to give blue fluorescence, RC-TPP relocates into lysosomes upon mitochondrial depolarization and exhibits red fluorescence triggered by lysosomal acidity, enabling determination of autophagy relevant mitochondrial depolarization and the chronological sequence of mitochondrial depolarization and lysosomal neutralization in distinct cell death signalling pathways. As an alternative to classic homo-organelle specific molecular systems, this hetero-organelle responsive approach provides a new perspective from which to study dysfunctional organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Hu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
| | - Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology , Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network , School of Life Sciences , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China
| | - Shoufa Han
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Department of Chemical Biology , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province , The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation , Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , China . ; Tel: +86-0592-2181728
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19
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Tang B, Shen F, Wan D, Guo BH, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Liu YJ. DNA-binding, molecular docking studies and biological activity studies of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(N–N)2(PTCP)]2+ were synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding, in vitro cytotoxicity, apoptosis, autophagy and western blot analysis were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Wan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Bo-Hong Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jun Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center
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20
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Wang Z, Kuang X, Shi J, Guo W, Liu H. Targeted delivery of geranylgeranylacetone to mitochondria by triphenylphosphonium modified nanoparticles: a promising strategy to prevent aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. Biomater Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00224f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TPP induced and GGA loaded mitochondria-targeting nanoparticles could efficiently protect hair cells from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Jia Shi
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Weiling Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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21
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Qian L, Zhang CW, Mao Y, Li L, Gao N, Lim KL, Xu QH, Yao SQ. Two-Photon Enzymatic Probes Visualizing Sub-cellular/Deep-brain Caspase Activities in Neurodegenerative Models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26385. [PMID: 27210613 PMCID: PMC4876444 DOI: 10.1038/srep26385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspases work as a double-edged sword in maintaining cell homeostasis. Highly regulated caspase activities are essential during animal development, but dysregulation might lead to different diseases, e.g. extreme caspase activation is known to promote neurodegeneration. At present, visualization of caspase activation has mostly remained at the cellular level, in part due to a lack of cell-permeable imaging probes capable of direct, real-time investigations of endogenous caspase activities in deep tissues. Herein, we report a suite of two-photon, small molecule/peptide probes which enable sensitive and dynamic imaging of individual caspase activities in neurodegenerative models under physiological conditions. With no apparent toxicity and the ability of imaging endogenous caspases both in different subcellular organelles of mammalian cells and in brain tissues, these probes serve as complementary tools to conventional histological analysis. They should facilitate future explorations of caspases at molecular, cellular and organism levels and inspire development of novel two-photon probes against other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics &Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China.,National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yanli Mao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics &Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Nengyue Gao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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22
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Meng F, Liu Y, Yu X, Lin W. A dual-site two-photon fluorescent probe for visualizing mitochondrial aminothiols in living cells and mouse liver tissues. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a dual-site two-photon (TP) fluorescent RSH probe (CA-TPP) for imaging mitochondrial RSH in living systems. In particular, probe CA-TPP was capable of using TP fluorescence to track mitochondrial RSH over a long period for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Meng
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Biological Science and Technology
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
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23
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Tian Y, Yu M, Li Z, Han J, Yang L, Han S. Optical Tracking of Phagocytosis with an Activatable Profluorophore Metabolically Incorporated into Bacterial Peptidoglycan. Anal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Tian
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mingzu Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiahuai Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shoufa Han
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network and ‡State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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24
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Bielski ER, Zhong Q, Brown M, da Rocha SRP. Effect of the Conjugation Density of Triphenylphosphonium Cation on the Mitochondrial Targeting of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3043-53. [PMID: 26158804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many clinically relevant diseases with known poor therapeutic outcomes, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, have been directly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. The ability to efficiently target therapeutics to intracellular organelles such as mitochondria may represent new opportunities for the effective treatment of such ailments. The present study reports the synthesis, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and mitochondrial colocalization of conjugates of triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) to amine-terminated, generation 4, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4NH2) nanocarriers. The mitochondrial-targeting moiety TPP was either directly conjugated to G4NH2 (G4NH2-TPP) or to the dendrimer through a flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker (G4NH2-PEGTPP). Conjugation was done at various TPP densities to assess their biological activity and potential for mitochondrial-targeted drug delivery. Tests in an in vitro model of the human alveolar carcinoma (A549 cells) showed that even at a low TPP density (∼5 TPP) both the cellular internalization and mitochondrial targeting increase significantly, as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal microscopy (CM), respectively. At a density of ∼10 TPP per G4NH2, further increase in cellular internalization and mitochondrial targeting was achieved. However, at this higher density, the nanocarriers also showed pronounced cytotoxicity. It was observed that the toxicity of the conjugates is decreased upon the addition of a PEG linker between the dendrimer and TPP (G4NH2-PEGTPP), while the mitochondrial targeting ability of the nanocarriers is not affected as the PEG density increases. The proposed strategies indicate that TPP-conjugated G4NH2 dendrimers represent a potentially viable strategy for the targeting of therapeutic molecules to mitochondria, which may help improve therapeutic outcomes of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bielski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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25
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Rin Jean S, Tulumello DV, Wisnovsky SP, Lei EK, Pereira MP, Kelley SO. Molecular vehicles for mitochondrial chemical biology and drug delivery. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:323-33. [PMID: 24410267 DOI: 10.1021/cb400821p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondria within human cells play a major role in a variety of critical processes involved in cell survival and death. An understanding of mitochondrial involvement in various human diseases has generated an appreciable amount of interest in exploring this organelle as a potential drug target. As a result, a number of strategies to probe and combat mitochondria-associated diseases have emerged. Access to mitochondria-specific delivery vectors has allowed the study of biological processes within this intracellular compartment with a heightened level of specificity. In this review, we summarize the features of existing delivery vectors developed for targeting probes and therapeutics to this highly impermeable organelle. We also discuss the major applications of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive molecules, which include the detection and treatment of oxidative damage, combating bacterial infections, and the development of new therapeutic approaches for cancer. Future directions include the assessment of the therapeutic benefit achieved by mitochondrial targeting for treatment of disease in vivo. In addition, the availability of mitochondria-specific chemical probes will allow the elucidation of the details of biological processes that occur within this cellular compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Rin Jean
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David V. Tulumello
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon P. Wisnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric K. Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark P. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Arts and Science, ‡Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Medicine, §Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Krumova K, Greene LE, Cosa G. Fluorogenic α-Tocopherol Analogue for Monitoring the Antioxidant Status within the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane of Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17135-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ja408227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Krumova
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS-CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lana E. Greene
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS-CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department
of Chemistry and
Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS-CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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27
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Kluba CA, Bauman A, Valverde IE, Vomstein S, Mindt TL. Dual-targeting conjugates designed to improve the efficacy of radiolabeled peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7594-602. [PMID: 22898743 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiolabeled regulatory peptides are useful tools in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis (imaging) and therapy of cancer. The specificity of the peptides towards GPC receptors, which are overexpressed by cancer cells, and their favorable pharmacokinetic profile make them ideal vectors to transport conjugated radionuclides to tumors and metastases. However, after internalization of the radiopeptide into cancer cells and tumors, a rapid washout of a substantial fraction of the delivered radioactivity is often observed. This phenomenon may represent a limitation of radiopeptides for clinical applications. Here, we report the synthesis, radiolabeling, stability, and in vitro evaluation of a novel, dual-targeting peptide radioconjugate designed to enhance the cellular retention of radioactivity. The described trifunctional conjugate is comprised of a Tc-99m SPECT reporter probe, a cell membrane receptor-specific peptide, and a second targeting entity directed towards mitochondria. While the specificity of the first generation of dual-targeting conjugates towards its extracellular target was demonstrated, intracellular targeting could not be confirmed probably due to non-specific binding or hindered passage through the membrane of the organelle. The work presented describes a novel approach with potential to improve the efficacy of radiopharmaceuticals by enhancing the intracellular retention of radioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane A Kluba
- University of Basel Hospital, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division of Radiological Chemistry, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Smith RAJ, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Mitochondria-targeted small molecule therapeutics and probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:3021-38. [PMID: 21395490 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial function is central to a wide range of biological processes in health and disease and there is considerable interest in developing small molecules that are taken up by mitochondria and act as either probes of mitochondrial function or therapeutics in vivo. RECENT ADVANCES Various strategies have been used to target small molecules to mitochondria, particularly conjugation to lipophilic cations and peptides, and most of the work so far has been on mitochondria-targeted antioxidants and redox probes. In vivo studies will reveal whether there are differences in the types of bioactive functionalities that can be delivered using different carriers. CRITICAL ISSUES The outstanding challenge in the area is to discover how to combine the established selective delivery to mitochondria with the specific delivery to particular organs. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These targeting methods will be used to direct many other bioactive molecules to mitochondria and many more wider applications other than just to antioxidants can be anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Dodani SC, Leary SC, Cobine PA, Winge DR, Chang CJ. A targetable fluorescent sensor reveals that copper-deficient SCO1 and SCO2 patient cells prioritize mitochondrial copper homeostasis. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8606-16. [PMID: 21563821 PMCID: PMC3106114 DOI: 10.1021/ja2004158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, synthesis, spectroscopy, and biological applications of Mitochondrial Coppersensor-1 (Mito-CS1), a new type of targetable fluorescent sensor for imaging exchangeable mitochondrial copper pools in living cells. Mito-CS1 is a bifunctional reporter that combines a Cu(+)-responsive fluorescent platform with a mitochondrial-targeting triphenylphosphonium moiety for localizing the probe to this organelle. Molecular imaging with Mito-CS1 establishes that this new chemical tool can detect changes in labile mitochondrial Cu(+) in a model HEK 293T cell line as well as in human fibroblasts. Moreover, we utilized Mito-CS1 in a combined imaging and biochemical study in fibroblasts derived from patients with mutations in the two synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 and 2 proteins (SCO1 and SCO2), each of which is required for assembly and metalation of functionally active cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Interestingly, we observe that although defects in these mitochondrial metallochaperones lead to a global copper deficiency at the whole cell level, total copper and exchangeable mitochondrial Cu(+) pools in SCO1 and SCO2 patient fibroblasts are largely unaltered relative to wild-type controls. Our findings reveal that the cell maintains copper homeostasis in mitochondria even in situations of copper deficiency and mitochondrial metallochaperone malfunction, illustrating the importance of regulating copper stores in this energy-producing organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheel C. Dodani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scot C. Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dennis R. Winge
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Multiple Triphenylphosphonium Cations as a Platform for the Delivery of a Pro-Apoptotic Peptide. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2780-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wenz T, Williams SL, Bacman SR, Moraes CT. Emerging therapeutic approaches to mitochondrial diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16:219-29. [PMID: 20818736 DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are very heterogeneous and can affect different tissues and organs. Moreover, they can be caused by genetic defects in either nuclear or mitochondrial DNA as well as by environmental factors. All of these factors have made the development of therapies difficult. In this review article, we will discuss emerging approaches to the therapy of mitochondrial disorders, some of which are targeted to specific conditions whereas others may be applicable to a more diverse group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Wenz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Luque-Ortega JR, Reuther P, Rivas L, Dardonville C. New benzophenone-derived bisphosphonium salts as leishmanicidal leads targeting mitochondria through inhibition of respiratory complex II. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1788-98. [PMID: 20128602 DOI: 10.1021/jm901677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A set of benzophenone-derived bisphosphonium salts was synthesized and assayed for lethal activity on the human protozoan parasite Leishmania. A subset of them, mostly characterized by phosphonium substituents with an intermediate hydrophobicity, inhibited parasite proliferation at low micromolar range of concentrations. The best of this subset, 4,4'-bis((tri-n-pentylphosphonium)methyl)benzophenone dibromide, showed a very scarce toxicity on mammalian cells. This compound targets complex II of the respiratory chain of the parasite, based on (i) a dramatically swollen mitochondrion in treated parasites, (ii) fast decrease of cytoplasmic ATP, (iii) a decrease of the electrochemical mitochondrial potential, and (iv) inhibition of the oxygen consumption rate using succinate as substrate. Thus, this type of compounds represents a new lead in the development of leishmanicidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Román Luque-Ortega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Duca M, Dozza B, Lucarelli E, Santi S, Di Giorgio A, Barbarella G. Fluorescent labeling of human mesenchymal stem cells by thiophene fluorophores conjugated to a lipophilic carrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7948-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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