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Shen Y, Xin Z, Pan X, Zhang Y, Jia H, Fu X, Wang J. Multifunctional fluorescent mesoporous carbon nanoprobe for MMP-2-activated cancer cell imaging and targeted photothermal therapy. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1260:341203. [PMID: 37121653 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The integration of cancer imaging with therapy in a simple system is warranted for precise cancer therapy. In this study, carboxyl-functionalized mesoporous carbon nanospheres (MCN) which are efficient photothermal agents and excellent fluorescence quenchers, were used for cancer cell imaging and selective photothermal therapy (PTT) applications. Using MCN, a matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)- responsive theranostic nanoprobe was generated by functionalizing an MMP-2-specific fluorescent-labeled PLGVR sequence on the surface of MCN. The nanoprobe not only can be used to detect MMP-2 with a low detection limit of 0.3 pg mL-1, but also can achieve the sensitive intracellular MMP-2 imaging in living cells, validating the differentiation of cancer cells from healthy cells based on the recovered fluorescence intensity. More importantly, selective cancer PTT was achieved using MMP-2-triggered cancer cell imaging. Our in vitro studies showed that by regulating the power density and irradiation time, the nanoprobe can effectively kill cancer cells via PTT. Our strategy opens new avenues for precision medicine, especially phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhichuan Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xintong Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuerui Fu
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Evaluation, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China.
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Ardisia crispa root hexane fraction suppressed angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in vivo zebrafish embryo model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109221. [PMID: 31545225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ardisia crispa Thunb. A. DC. (Primulaceae) has been used extensively as folk-lore medicine in South East Asia including China and Japan to treat various inflammatory related diseases. Ardisia crispa root hexane fraction (ACRH) has been thoroughly studied by our group and it has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, anti-arthritic, anti-ulcer, chemoprevention and suppression against inflammation-induced angiogenesis in various animal model. Nevertheless, its effect against human endothelial cells in vitro has not been reported yet. Hence, the aim of the study is to investigate the potential antiangiogenic property of ACRH in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and zebrafish embryo model. ACRH was separated from the crude ethanolic extract of the plant's root in prior to experimental studies. MTT assay revealed that ACRH exerted a concentration-dependent antiproliferative effect on HUVEC with the IC50 of 2.49 ± 0.04 μg/mL. At higher concentration (10 μg/mL), apoptosis was induced without affecting the cell cycle distribution. Angiogenic properties including migration, invasion and differentiation of HUVECs, evaluated via wound healing, trans-well invasion and tube formation assay respectively, were significantly suppressed by ACRH in a concentration-dependent manner. Noteworthily, significant antiangiogenic effects were observed even at the lowest concentration used (0.1 μg/mL). Expression of proMMP-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, Angiopoietin-2, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1, FGF-2, Follistatin, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were significantly reduced in various degrees by ACRH. The ISV formation in zebrafish embryo was significantly suppressed by ACRH at the concentration of 5 μg/mL. These findings revealed the potential of ACRH as antiangiogenic agent by suppressing multiple proangiogenic proteins. Thus, it can be further verified via the transcription of these proteins from their respective DNA, in elucidating their exact pathways.
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Shi H, Sun Y, Yan R, Liu S, Zhu L, Liu S, Feng Y, Wang P, He J, Zhou Z, Ye D. Magnetic Semiconductor Gd-Doping CuS Nanoparticles as Activatable Nanoprobes for Bimodal Imaging and Targeted Photothermal Therapy of Gastric Tumors. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:937-947. [PMID: 30688465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of enzyme-activatable probes into cancer cells to facilitate accurate imaging and on-demand photothermal therapy (PTT) of cancers with high spatiotemporal precision promises to advance cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report a tumor-targeted and matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2)-activatable nanoprobe (T-MAN) formed by covalent modification of Gd-doping CuS micellar nanoparticles with cRGD and an MMP-2-cleavable fluorescent substrate. T-MAN displays a high r1 relaxivity (∼60.0 mM-1 s-1 per Gd3+ at 1 T) and a large near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence turn-on ratio (∼185-fold) in response to MMP-2, allowing high-spatial-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and low-background fluorescence imaging of gastric tumors as well as lymph node (LN) metastasis in living mice. Moreover, T-MAN has a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE, ∼70.1%) under 808 nm laser irradiation, endowing it with the ability to efficiently generate heat to kill tumor cells. We demonstrate that T-MAN can accumulate preferentially in gastric tumors (∼23.4% ID%/g at 12 h) after intravenous injection into mice, creating opportunities for fluorescence/MR bimodal imaging-guided PTT of subcutaneous and metastatic gastric tumors. For the first time, accurate detection and laser irradiation-initiated photothermal ablation of orthotopic gastric tumors in intraoperative mice was also achieved. This study highlights the versatility of using a combination of dual biomarker recognition (i.e., αvβ3 and MMP-2) and dual modality imaging (i.e., MRI and NIR fluorescence) to design tumor-targeting and activatable nanoprobes with improved selectivity for cancer theranostics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shi
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital , the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , 210008 , China
| | - Yidan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Runqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Shunli Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital , the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , 210008 , China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital , the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , 210008 , China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital , the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , 210008 , China
| | - Yuzhang Feng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital , the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , 210008 , China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital , the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School , Nanjing , 210008 , China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210093 , China
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Crisp JL, Savariar EN, Glasgow HL, Ellies LG, Whitney MA, Tsien RY. Dual targeting of integrin αvβ3 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 for optical imaging of tumors and chemotherapeutic delivery. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1514-25. [PMID: 24737028 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPP) provide a general strategy for molecular targeting by exploiting the extracellular protease activities associated with disease. Previous work used a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2 and 9)-cleavable sequence in the ACPP to target contrast agents for tumor imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery. To improve specificity and sensitivity for MMP-2, an integrin α(v)β(3)-binding domain, cyclic-RGD, was covalently linked to the ACPP. This co-targeting strategy relies on the interaction of MMP-2 with integrin α(v)β(3), which are known to associate via the hemopexin domain of MMP-2. In U87MG glioblastoma cells in culture, dual targeting greatly improved ACPP uptake compared with either MMP or integrin α(v)β(3) targeting alone. In vivo, dual-targeted ACPP treatment resulted in tumor contrast of 7.8 ± 1.6, a 10-fold higher tumor fluorescence compared with the negative control peptide, and increased probe penetration into the core of MDA-MB-231 tumors. This platform also significantly improved efficacy of the chemotherapeutic monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) in both MDA-MB-231 orthotopic human and syngeneic Py230 murine breast tumors. Treatment with cyclic-RGD-PLGC(Me)AG-MMAE-ACPP resulted in complete tumor regression in one quarter of MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice, compared with no survival in the control groups. This rational mechanism for amplified delivery of imaging and potent chemotherapeutic agents avoids the use of antibodies and may be of considerable generality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Crisp
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elamprakash N Savariar
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heather L Glasgow
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MarylandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lesley G Ellies
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael A Whitney
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Roger Y Tsien
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MarylandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MarylandAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Pharmacology, Pathology, and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Buhrman JS, Rayahin JE, Köllmer M, Gemeinhart RA. In-house preparation of hydrogels for batch affinity purification of glutathione S-transferase tagged recombinant proteins. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:63. [PMID: 22989306 PMCID: PMC3463477 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many branches of biomedical research find use for pure recombinant proteins for direct application or to study other molecules and pathways. Glutathione affinity purification is commonly used to isolate and purify glutathione S-transferase (GST)-tagged fusion proteins from total cellular proteins in lysates. Although GST affinity materials are commercially available as glutathione immobilized on beaded agarose resins, few simple options for in-house production of those systems exist. Herein, we describe a novel method for the purification of GST-tagged recombinant proteins. Results Glutathione was conjugated to low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) via thiol-ene “click” chemistry. With our in-house prepared PEGDA:glutathione (PEGDA:GSH) homogenates, we were able to purify a glutathione S-transferase (GST) green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein (GST-GFP) from the soluble fraction of E. coli lysate. Further, microspheres were formed from the PEGDA:GSH hydrogels and improved protein binding to a level comparable to purchased GSH-agarose beads. Conclusions GSH containing polymers might find use as in-house methods of protein purification. They exhibited similar ability to purify GST tagged proteins as purchased GSH agarose beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Buhrman
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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Ross AE, Tang MY, Gemeinhart RA. Effects of molecular weight and loading on matrix metalloproteinase-2 mediated release from poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels. AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 14:482-90. [PMID: 22535508 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report on continued efforts to understand an implantable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel drug delivery system that responds to extracellular enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) to provide controlled drug delivery. By attaching peptide as pendant groups on the hydrogel backbone, drug release occurs at an accelerated rate in the presence of active protease. We investigated MMP-2 entry and optimized parameters of the drug delivery system. Mesh size for different PEGDA molecular weight macromers was measured with PEGDA 3,400 hydrogels having a mesh size smaller than the dimensions of MMP-2 and PEGDA 10,000 and PEGDA 20,000 hydrogels having mesh sizes larger than MMP-2. Purified MMP-2 increased release of peptide fragment compared to buffer at several loading concentrations. Cell-stimulated release was demonstrated using U-87 MG cells embedded in collagen. GM6001, an MMP inhibitor, diminished release and altered the identity of the released peptide fragment. The increase in ratio of release from PEGDA 10,000 and PEGDA 20,000 hydrogels compared to PEGDA 3,400 hydrogels suggests MMP-2 enters the hydrogel. PEGDA molecular weight of 10,000 and 15 % (w/V) were the optimal conditions for release and handling. The use of protease-triggered drug delivery has great advantage particularly with the control of protease penetration as a parameter for controlling rate of release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Ross
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, 60607-7052, USA
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Zhang Y, Gemeinhart RA. Improving matrix metalloproteinase-2 specific response of a hydrogel system using electrophoresis. Int J Pharm 2012; 429:31-7. [PMID: 22440150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) overexpression plays a critical role in cancer invasion and metastasis. We utilized this key feature of tumor microenvironment to develop a disease-stimuli triggered drug delivery system. Poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels were synthesized by UV polymerization and pendant MMP-2 sensitive peptides (Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Val-Arg-Gly-Lys) conjugated throughout using EDC/sulfo-NHS chemistry. There were significantly more peptides released in the presence of MMP-2 compared with the control groups. The released peptide fragments were analyzed by HPLC and MALDI-MS and confirmed to be the expected fragments. In order to avoid nonspecific release of nonconjugated (i.e. unreacted) peptides, a novel method of electrophoretic washing was developed disrupting the strong electrostatic interactions between the peptides and the pendant groups of the hydrogel. After electrophoresis, the nonspecific peptide release in the absence of MMP-2 was minimized. This newly developed purification system significantly improved the control of release to be in response of the magnitude of the stimuli, i.e. MMP. Specifically, peptides were released proportionally to the concentration of MMP-2 present. Now that many of the design parameters have been examined, anticancer drugs will be conjugated to the MMP sensitive peptide linkers with the goal of implantation in a tumor void releasing anticancer reagent in response to elevated level of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
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