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Effect of Methylene Blue and PI3K-Akt Pathway Inhibitors on the Neurovascular System after Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Rats. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1797-1807. [PMID: 32507927 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has a protective effect on cognitive decline caused by chronic hypoperfusion, but the specific mechanism is not clear. This article aims to determine whether MB protects vascular neurons through PI3K/Akt and plays a role in improving cognitive impairment. Molecular biological methods, the hippocampal neuronal density test, the hippocampal vascular network density test, and dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to detect the blood-brain barrier permeability and Evans blue leakage rate in the hippocampus. We also observed and evaluated the changes in the above results after administration of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway protein inhibitor LY294002. There were significant differences for cerebral blood flow (CBF) between the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) + MB group (100 ml/100 g/min) and the CCH group (60 ml/100 g/min, P < 0.05). After using LY294002, the CBF of the CCH + MB + LY294002 group dropped to 82 ml/100 g/min. The vascular density in the CCH + MB group was 23%, which is significantly higher than that in the CCH group (15.1%) (P < 0.05). The vascular density (17.5%) in the CCH + MB + LY294002 group was significantly higher than that in the CCH group but lower than that in the CCH + MB group. Western blotting results showed that one week after intraperitoneal injection of MB, the expression of t-Akt and p-Akt in the CCH + MB group was increased after CCH, and LY294002 partially blocked this up-regulation effect (CCH + MB + LY294002 group). MB is a potential therapy for the relief of mild cognitive impairment associated with CCH, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Wu Y, Yan Y, Gao X, Yang L, Li Y, Guo X, Xie J, Wang K, Sun X. Gd-encapsulated carbonaceous dots for accurate characterization of tumor vessel permeability in magnetic resonance imaging. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:24-48. [PMID: 27497513 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. It is different from normal tissue in the extracellular matrix, vascular and lymphatic networks, as well as physiologic conditions. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment provides a better understanding of its function in cancer biology, and thus allowing for the design of new diagnostics and therapeutics for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. The clinical translation of cancer molecular imaging is often hampered by the high cost of commercialization of targeted imaging agents as well as the limited clinical applications and small market size of some of the agents. Because many different cancer types share similar tumor microenvironment features, the ability to target these biomarkers has the potential to provide clinically translatable molecular imaging technologies for a spectrum of cancers and broad clinical applications. There has been significant progress in targeting the tumor microenvironment for cancer molecular imaging. In this review, we summarize the principles and strategies of recent advances made in molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment, using various imaging modalities for early detection and diagnosis of cancer.
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4
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Ren L, Tang C. Metal-containing and related polymers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5232-63. [PMID: 26910408 PMCID: PMC4996776 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00026f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A survey of the most recent progress in the biomedical applications of metal-containing polymers is given. Due to the unique optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties, at least 30 different metal elements, most of them transition metals, are introduced into polymeric frameworks for interactions with biology-relevant substrates via various means. Inspired by the advance of metal-containing small molecular drugs and promoted by the great progress in polymer chemistry, metal-containing polymers have gained momentum during recent decades. According to their different applications, this review summarizes the following biomedical applications: (1) metal-containing polymers as drug delivery vehicles; (2) metal-containing polymeric drugs and biocides, including antimicrobial and antiviral agents, anticancer drugs, photodynamic therapy agents, radiotherapy agents and biocides; (3) metal-containing polymers as biosensors, and (4) metal-containing polymers in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical, University, Xi’an, Shannxi, 710129, China
| | - Jiuyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
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5
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Paprottka PM, Zengel P, Cyran CC, Paprottka KJ, Ingrisch M, Nikolaou K, Reiser MF, Clevert DA. Evaluation of multimodality imaging using image fusion with MRI and CEUS in an experimental animal model. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:143-50. [PMID: 26519228 DOI: 10.3233/ch-151986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic benefits of multimodality imaging using image fusion with magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) and contrast-enhanced-ultrasound (CEUS) in an experimental small-animal-squamous-cell-carcinoma-model for the assessment of tissue hemodynamics and morphology. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human hypopharynx-carcinoma-cells were injected subcutaneously into the left flank of 15 female athymic nude rats. After 10 daysof subcutaneous tumor growth, CEUS and MRI measurements were performed using a high-end-ultrasound-system and 3-T-MRI. After successful point-to-point or plan registration, the registered MR-images were simultaneously shown with the respective ultrasound sectional plane. Data evaluation was performed using the digitally stored video sequence data sets by two experienced radiologists using a subjective 5-point scale. RESULTS CEUS and MRI are well-known techniques for the assessment of tissue hemodynamics (score: mean 3.8 ± 0.4 SD and score 3.8 ± 0.4 SD). Real-time image fusion of MRI and CEUS yielded a significant (p < 0.001) improvement in score (score 4.8 ± 0.4 SD). Reliable detection of small necrotic areas was possible in all animals with necrotic tumors. No significant intraobserver and interobserver variability was detected (kappa coefficient = +1). CONCLUSION Image fusion of MRI and CEUS gives a significant improvement for reliable differentiation between different tumor tissue areas and simplifies investigations by showing the morphology as well as surrounding macro-/microvascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Paprottka
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - P Zengel
- Institute for Ear, Nose and Throat Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - C C Cyran
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - K J Paprottka
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - M Ingrisch
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - K Nikolaou
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - M F Reiser
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - D A Clevert
- Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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6
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Malamas AS, Jin E, Gujrati M, Lu ZR. Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI Assessing the Antiangiogenic Effect of Silencing HIF-1α with Targeted Multifunctional ECO/siRNA Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2497-506. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Malamas
- Case Center for Biomolecular
Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Erlei Jin
- Case Center for Biomolecular
Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Maneesh Gujrati
- Case Center for Biomolecular
Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Case Center for Biomolecular
Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Chen YL, Chen F, Zhang XM, Chen TW. Magnetic resonance imaging for quantitative staging and evaluation of chemoradiotherapeutic effect in esophageal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1469-1476. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i10.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is a common digestive malignant tumor. Evaluation of the stage and response to chemoradiotherapy of the carcinoma is very important for the treatment decision making and adjustment of therapeutic protocol. To date, a variety of imaging techniques have been used for staging and monitoring response to therapy, but most of the procedures are invasive or of radiation exposure. Moreover, most of the techniques evaluating esophageal cancer are based on morphologic changes. As a non-invasive and non-ionising examination technique, magnetic resonance imaging can quantitatively evaluate this cancer. Nowadays magnetic resonance quantitative technique has progressed greatly in staging and monitoring response to therapy of esophageal carcinoma. This paper focuses on the quantitative evaluation of stage and chemoradiotherapeutic effect in esophageal carcinoma using magnetic resonance imaging.
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Yang L, Liu L, Xu Z, Liao W, Feng D, Dong X, Xu S, Xiao L, Lu J, Luo X, Tang M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Sun L, Cao Y. EBV-LMP1 targeted DNAzyme enhances radiosensitivity by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via the JNKs/HIF-1 pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5804-17. [PMID: 25714020 PMCID: PMC4467403 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LMP1, which is encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus, is proposed to be one of the major oncogenic factors involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Previous studies demonstrated that down-regulation of LMP1 by LMP1-targeted DNAzyme (DZ1) increases the radiosensitivity of NPC. However, the mechanism by which DZ1 contributes to this radiosensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we determined whether a DZ1 blockade of LMP1 expression has an overall positive effect on the radiotherapy of NPCs by repressing HIF-1/VEGF activity and to investigate the mechanisms underlying LMP1-induced HIF-1 activation in NPC cells. The results showed that DZ1 inhibited the microtubule-forming ability of HUVECs co-cultured with NPC cells, which occurs with the down-regulation of VEGF expression and secretion. Moreover, LMP1 increases phosphorylated JNKs/c-Jun signaling, which is involved in the regulation of HIF-1/VEGF activity. After silencing LMP1 and decreasing phosphorylation of JNKs, NPC cells exhibited an enhanced radiosensitivity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed a significant inhibition of tumor growth and a marked reduction of the Ktrans parameter, which reflects the condition of tumor micro-vascular permeability. Taken together, our data suggested that VEGF expression is increased by LMP1 through the JNKs/c-Jun signaling pathway and indicated that DZ1 enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC cells by inhibiting HIF-1/VEGF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deyun Feng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchen Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Sorace AG, Quarles CC, Whisenant JG, Hanker AB, McIntyre JO, Sanchez VM, Yankeelov TE. Trastuzumab improves tumor perfusion and vascular delivery of cytotoxic therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer: preliminary results. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:273-84. [PMID: 26791520 PMCID: PMC4833210 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To employ in vivo imaging and histological techniques to identify and quantify vascular changes early in the course of treatment with trastuzumab in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to quantitatively characterize vessel perfusion/permeability (via the parameter K (trans) ) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v e ) in the BT474 mouse model of HER2+ breast cancer (N = 20) at baseline, day one, and day four following trastuzumab treatment (10 mg/kg). Additional cohorts of mice were used to quantify proliferation (Ki67), microvessel density (CD31), pericyte coverage (α-SMA) by immunohistochemistry (N = 44), and to quantify human VEGF-A expression (N = 29) throughout the course of therapy. Longitudinal assessment of combination doxorubicin ± trastuzumab (N = 42) tested the hypothesis that prior treatment with trastuzumab will increase the efficacy of subsequent doxorubicin therapy. Compared to control tumors, trastuzumab-treated tumors exhibited a significant increase in K (trans) (P = 0.035) on day four, indicating increased perfusion and/or vessel permeability and a simultaneous significant increase in v e (P = 0.01), indicating increased cell death. Immunohistochemical and ELISA analyses revealed that by day four the trastuzumab-treated tumors had a significant increase in vessel maturation index (i.e., the ratio of α-SMA to CD31 staining) compared to controls (P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in VEGF-A (P = 0.03). Additionally, trastuzumab dosing prior to doxorubicin improved the overall effectiveness of the therapies (P < 0.001). This study identifies and validates improved perfusion characteristics following trastuzumab therapy, resulting in an improvement in trastuzumab-doxorubicin combination therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. This data suggests properties of vessel maturation. In particular, the use of DCE-MRI, a clinically available imaging method, following treatment with trastuzumab may provide an opportunity to optimize the scheduling and improve delivery of subsequent cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - C. Chad Quarles
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Dignity Health, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Whisenant
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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10
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Anti-angiogenic Effects of Bumetanide Revealed by DCE-MRI with a Biodegradable Macromolecular Contrast Agent in a Colon Cancer Model. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3029-43. [PMID: 25840948 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the antiangiogenic effect of bumetanide with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI and a biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent. METHODS A new polydisulfide containing macrocyclic gadolinium (Gd(III)) chelates, poly([(Gd-DOTA)-DETA]-co-DTBP) (GODP), was synthesized as a safe biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent for DCE-MRI. Nude mice bearing flank HT29 colon cancer xenografts were then treated daily with either bumetanide or saline for a total of 3 weeks. DCE-MRI was performed before and after the treatment weekly. The DCE-MRI data were analyzed using the adiabiatic approximation to the tissue homogeneity (AATH) model to assess the change of tumor vascularity in response to the treatment. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were performed to study tumor angiogenic biomarkers and hypoxia. RESULTS DCE-MRI with GODP revealed that bumetanide reduced vascular permeability and plasma volume fraction by a significantly greater extent than the saline control therapy after 3 weeks of therapy. These changes were verified by the significant decline of CD31 and VEGF expression in the bumetanide treatment group. Despite a significant regression in vascularity, the tumors remained highly proliferative. Overexpression of the transcription factor HIF-1α in response to elevated hypoxia is thought to be the driving force behind the uninterrupted tumor expansion. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the effectiveness of DCE-MRI with GODP in detecting vascular changes following the administration of bumetanide. Bumetanide has the potential to curtail growth of the tumor vasculature and can be employed in future therapeutic strategies.
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11
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Chen Y, Liu X, Zheng D, Xu L, Hong L, Xu Y, Pan J. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for early response assessment of chemoradiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:630-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Raatschen HJ, Fischer S, Zsivcsec B, Schoenfeld CO, Hotz B, Buhr HJ, Hotz HG. Non-invasive quantification of anti-angiogenic therapy by contrast-enhanced MRI in experimental pancreatic cancer. Acta Radiol 2014; 55:131-9. [PMID: 23892234 DOI: 10.1177/0284185113493776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, early changes of tumor vasculature after angiogenesis inhibition can only be evaluated by histopathology, a method not suitable in a clinical setting. PURPOSE To quantify effects of different angiogenesis inhibitors on the microvasculature of orthotopically implanted pancreatic cancers by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in order to establish a non-invasive technique for monitoring antiangiogenic cancer treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS DSL-6A/C1 pancreatic cancers were implanted in the pancreas of 109 Lewis rats. Three weeks later, antiangiogenic treatment was initiated by administration of Bevacizumab (n = 38) or Suramin (n = 27) while the control group (n = 44) remained untreated. Dynamic MRI was performed 24 h, 1 week, and 4 weeks after treatment initiation. Fractional tumor plasma volume (fPV, %) and vascular permeability (K(PS), mL/min/100 cc) were calculated based on the MRI data by using a pharmacokinetic model. RESULTS Twenty-four hours after the initial dose, a significant decline in K(PS) was observed in the Bevacizumab group compared to the control and Suramin group (0.002 ± 0.008; 0.057 ± 0.046 and 0.064 ± 0.062 (mean ± SD); P < 0.05). At 1 week, fPV was significantly smaller in Bevacizumab and Suramin treated tumors compared to control tumors (6.25 ± 2.74, 7.47 ± 3.44, and 15.10 ± 9.97, respectively; P < 0.05). Differences in tumor volumes were first observed after 4 weeks of treatment with significantly larger control tumors (4380.3 ± 1590.6 vs. 869.6 ± 717.2 and 1676.5 ± 2524.1 mm(3); P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dynamic MRI can quantify antiangiogenic effects on tumor microvasculature before changes in tumor volumes are detectable. Thus, this technique is a reasonable addition to morphological MRI and may be applied as an alternative to histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Juergen Raatschen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Zsivcsec
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Hotz
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz J Buhr
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hubert G Hotz
- Department of General, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Rajendran R, Huang W, Tang AMY, Liang JM, Choo S, Reese T, Hentze H, van Boxtel S, Cliffe A, Rogers K, Henry B, Chuang KH. Early detection of antiangiogenic treatment responses in a mouse xenograft tumor model using quantitative perfusion MRI. Cancer Med 2014; 3:47-60. [PMID: 24403176 PMCID: PMC3930389 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a major role in tumor growth and metastasis, with tumor perfusion regarded as a marker for angiogenesis. To evaluate antiangiogenic treatment response in vivo, we investigated arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure tumor perfusion quantitatively. Chronic and 24-h acute treatment responses to bevacizumab were assessed by ASL and dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in the A498 xenograft mouse model. After the MRI, tumor vasculature was assessed by CD34 staining. After 39 days of chronic treatment, tumor perfusion decreased to 44.8 ± 16.1 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.05), compared to 92.6 ± 42.9 mL/100 g/min in the control group. In the acute treatment study, tumor perfusion in the treated group decreased from 107.2 ± 32.7 to 73.7 ± 27.8 mL/100 g/min (P < 0.01; two-way analysis of variance), as well as compared with control group post dosing. A significant reduction in vessel density and vessel size was observed after the chronic treatment, while only vessel size was reduced 24 h after acute treatment. The tumor perfusion correlated with vessel size (r = 0.66; P < 0.005) after chronic, but not after acute treatment. The results from DCE-MRI also detected a significant change between treated and control groups in both chronic and acute treatment studies, but not between 0 and 24 h in the acute treatment group. These results indicate that tumor perfusion measured by MRI can detect early vascular responses to antiangiogenic treatment. With its noninvasive and quantitative nature, ASL MRI would be valuable for longitudinal assessment of tumor perfusion and in translation from animal models to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Rajendran
- MRI Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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Goggi JL, Bejot R, Moonshi SS, Bhakoo KK. Stratification of 18F-Labeled PET Imaging Agents for the Assessment of Antiangiogenic Therapy Responses in Tumors. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:1630-6. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.115824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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15
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Wang Z, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric materials for theranostic applications. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1358-76. [PMID: 23765400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has continuously contributed to the fast development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Theranostic nanomedicine has encompassed the ongoing efforts on concurrent molecular imaging of biomarkers, delivery of therapeutic agents, and monitoring of therapy response. Among these formulations, polymer-based theranostic agents hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional agents for translational medicine. In this article, we reviewed the state-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles, from preparation to application, as potential theranostic agents for diagnosis and therapy. We summarized several major polymer formulas, including polymeric conjugate complexes, nanospheres, micelles, and dendrimers for integrated molecular imaging and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, 1C22, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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Moestue SA, Huuse EM, Lindholm EM, Bofin A, Engebraaten O, Mælandsmo GM, Akslen LA, Gribbestad IS. Low-molecular contrast agent dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI in early assessment of bevacizumab treatment in breast cancer xenografts. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:1043-53. [PMID: 23908122 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of bevacizumab treatment on vascular architecture and function in two xenograft models with different angiogenic properties using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice carrying basal-like (MAS98.12) or luminal-like (MAS98.06) orthotopic breast cancer xenografts were treated with bevacizumab (5 mg/kg), doxorubicin (8 mg/kg), or both drugs in combination. DW-MRI and DCE-MRI were performed before and 3 days after treatment using a Bruker 7T preclinical scanner. Mean microvessel density (MVD) and proliferating microvessel density (pMVD) in the tumors were determined for evaluation of vascular response to bevacizumab treatment. RESULTS No changes in DCE-MRI or DW-MRI parameters were observed in untreated controls during the experiment period. DW-MRI showed increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in all treatment groups in both basal-like and luminal-like xenografts. DCE-MRI showed increased contrast agent uptake, particularly in central regions of the tumors, after bevacizumab/combination treatment in both xenograft models. This was accompanied by decreased MVD and pMVD in basal-like xenografts. Doxorubicin treatment had no effect on DCE-MRI parameters in any of the xenograft models. CONCLUSION Both DW-MRI and DCE-MRI demonstrated an early response to bevacizumab treatment in the xenograft tumors. Increased contrast agent uptake and reduced MVD/pMVD is consistent with a normalization of vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siver A Moestue
- MI Lab, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Sedlacik J, Myers A, Loeffler RB, Williams RF, Davidoff AM, Hillenbrand CM. A dedicated automated injection system for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI experiments in mice. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:746-51. [PMID: 23001593 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a reproducible small-animal dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI set-up for mice through which volumes <100 μL can be accurately and safely injected and to test this set-up by means of DCE measurements in resting muscle and tumor tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The contrast agent (CA) injection system comprised 2 MR-compatible syringe pumps placed 50 cm from the 7T magnet bore where the fringe field is approximately 40 mT. Microbore tubing and T-connector, close to the injection site, minimized dead volume (<10 μL). For DCE-MRI measurements in 8 CB-17 SCID mice with 1500-2500 mm(3) large orthotopic neuroblastoma, a bolus of 10-fold-diluted Gd-DTPA CA solution (0.1 mmol/kg) was delivered (5 μL/s), followed by a 50-μL saline flush. Retro-orbital injections were given instead of tail vein injections, because the peripheral vasculature was reduced because of large tumor burden. RESULTS The CA injection was successful in 19 of 24 experiments. Optical assessment showed minimal dispersion of ink-colored CA bolus. Mean (± SD) pharmacokinetic parameters retrieved from DCE-MRI examinations in resting muscle (K(trans) = 0.038 ± 0.025 min(-1), k(ep) = 0.66 ± 0.48 min(-1), v(e) = 0.060 ± 0.014, v(p) = 0.033 ± 0.021) and tumor (K(trans) = 0.082 ± 0.071 min(-1), k(ep) = 0.82 ± 0.80 min(-1), v(e) = 0.121 ± 0.075, v(p) = 0.093 ± 0.051) agreed with those reported previously. CONCLUSION We successfully designed and implemented a DCE-MRI set-up system with short injection lines and low dead volume. The system can be used at any field strength with the syringe pumps placed at a sufficiently low fringe field (<40 mT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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Chen WT, Shih TTF, Chen RC, Tu SY, Wen-Yuen H, Yang PC. Integrin α vβ 3–Targeted Dynamic Contrast–Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Gadolinium-Loaded Polyethylene Gycol–Dendrimer–Cyclic RGD Conjugate to Evaluate Tumor Angiogenesis and to Assess Early Antiangiogenic Treatment Response in a Mouse Xenograft Tumor Model. Mol Imaging 2012; 11:7290.2011.00050. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to validate an integrin αvβ3–targeted magnetic resonance contrast agent, PEG-G3-(Gd-DTPA)6-(cRGD-DTPA)2, for its ability to detect tumor angiogenesis and assess early response to antiangiogenic therapy using dynamic contrast–enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Integrin αvβ3–positive U87 cells and control groups were incubated with fluorescein-labeled cRGD-conjugated dendrimer, and the cellular attachment of the dendrimer was observed. DCE MRI was performed on mice bearing KB xenograft tumors using either PEG-G3-(Gd-DTPA)6-(cRGD-DTPA)2 or PEG-G3-(Gd-DTPA)6-(cRAD-DTPA)2. DCE MRI was also performed 2 hours after anti–integrin αvβ3 monoclonal antibody treatment and after bevacizumab treatment on days 3 and 6t. Using DCE MRI, the 30-minute contrast washout percentage was significantly lower in the cRGD-conjugate injection groups. The enhancement patterns were different between the two contrast injection groups. In the antiangiogenic therapy groups, a rapid increase in 30-minute contrast washout percentage was observed in both the LM609 and bevacizumab treatment groups, and this occurred before there was an observable decrease in tumor size. The integrin αvβ3 targeting ability of PEG-G3-(Gd-DTPA)6-(cRGD-DTPA)2 in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated. The 30-minute contrast washout percentage is a useful parameter for examining tumor angiogenesis and for the early assessment of antiangiogenic treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tsung Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Radiology, Medical Imaging, and Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Union Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tiffany Ting Fang Shih
- From the Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Radiology, Medical Imaging, and Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Union Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ran-Chou Chen
- From the Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Radiology, Medical Imaging, and Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Union Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yang Tu
- From the Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Radiology, Medical Imaging, and Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Union Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh Wen-Yuen
- From the Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Radiology, Medical Imaging, and Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Union Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Chyr Yang
- From the Department of Radiology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei; Departments of Radiology, Medical Imaging, and Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Union Chemical Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan; and Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ye Z, Jeong EK, Wu X, Tan M, Yin S, Lu ZR. Polydisulfide manganese(II) complexes as non-gadolinium biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 35:737-44. [PMID: 22031457 PMCID: PMC3938017 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop safe and effective manganese(II) -based biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we synthesized and characterized two polydisulfide manganese(II) complexes, Mn-DTPA cystamine copolymers and Mn-EDTA cystamine copolymers, as new biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. The contrast enhancement of the two manganese-based contrast agents were evaluated in mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts, in comparison with MnCl(2) . RESULTS The T(1) and T(2) relaxivities were 4.74 and 10.38 mM(-1) s(-1) per manganese at 3T for Mn-DTPA cystamine copolymers (M(n) = 30.50 kDa) and 6.41 and 9.72 mM(-1) s(-1) for Mn-EDTA cystamine copolymers (M(n) = 61.80 kDa). Both polydisulfide Mn(II) complexes showed significant liver, myocardium and tumor enhancement. CONCLUSION The manganese-based polydisulfide contrast agents have a potential to be developed as alternative non-gadolinium contrast agents for MR cancer and myocardium imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Mingqian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shouyu Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Delrue LJ, Casneuf V, Van Damme N, Blanckaert P, Peeters M, Ceelen WP, Duyck PCO. Assessment of neovascular permeability in a pancreatic tumor model using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with contrast agents of different molecular weights. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2011; 24:225-32. [PMID: 21567161 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-011-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT We evaluated the relationship of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)-derived pharmacokinetic parameters and contrast agents with different molecular weights (MW) in a pancreatic tumor mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Panc02 tumors were induced in mice at the hind leg. DCE-MRI was performed using Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents with different MW: Gd-DOTA (0.5 kDa), P846 (3.5 kDa), and P792 (6.47 kDa). Quantitative vascular parameters (AUC, K(trans), V(e), and V(p)) were calculated according to a modified Tofts two-compartment model. Values for all contrast groups were compared for tumor and control (muscle) tissues. RESULTS Values for K(trans) and V(e) were significantly higher in tumor tissue than in muscle tissue. When comparing contrast agents, lowest absolute K(trans) values were observed using P792. The relative increase in K(trans) in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue was highest after the use of P792. In both tumor and normal tissues, K(trans) decreased with increasing molecular weight of the contrast agent used. CONCLUSION It was demonstrated that values for the different DCE-MRI vascular (permeability) parameters are highly dependent on the contrast agent used. Due to their potential to better differentiate tumor from muscle tissue, higher molecular weight contrast agents show promise when evaluating tumors using DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louke J Delrue
- Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Stability and biodistribution of a biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent Gd-DTPA cystamine copolymers (GDCC) in rats. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1390-7. [PMID: 20393871 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0131-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate stability and Gd tissue distribution of a biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agent, GDCC. METHODS Kinetic stability of GDCC was evaluated based on transmetallation with endogenous metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ in rat plasma in comparison with Omniscan, MultiHance and ProHance. In vivo transmetallation of GDCC was evaluated by determining metal content in the urine samples of Spague-Dawley rats. The biodistribution of the agents was determined in rats at 48 h post-injection. RESULTS A new method of using ultrafiltration was developed for study of kinetic stability against transmetallation of Gd(III)-based MRI contrast agents. Both in vitro and in vivo stability of the contrast agents towards transmetallation with Zn2+ were in the order of ProHance > MultiHance approximately GDCC > Omniscan. No significant transmetallation with Cu2+ was observed for the contrast agents. GDCC had comparable retention to the control agents in most organs and tissues with slightly high retention in the liver and kidneys at 48 h post-injection. CONCLUSION Ultrafiltration is efficient and accurate for characterizing the kinetic stability of Gd(III)-based MRI contrast agents. The novel biodegradable macromolecular contrast agent GDCC is promising for further development for contrast enhanced MRI.
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Lammers T, Kiessling F, Hennink WE, Storm G. Nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery: current concepts and future directions. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1899-912. [PMID: 20822168 DOI: 10.1021/mp100228v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine formulations aim to improve the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of systemically applied (chemo-) therapeutics. Various different passively and actively targeted nanomedicines have been evaluated over the years, based e.g. on liposomes, polymers, micelles and antibodies, and a significant amount of (pre-) clinical evidence has been obtained showing that these 5-200 nm sized carrier materials are able to improve the therapeutic index of low-molecular-weight drugs. Besides for therapeutic purposes, however, nanomedicine formulations have also been more and more used for imaging applications, as well as, in recent years, for theranostic approaches, i.e. for systems and strategies in which disease diagnosis and therapy are combined. Potential applications of theranostic nanomedicine formulations range from the noninvasive assessment of the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of low-molecular-weight drugs, and the visualization of drug distribution and drug release at the target site, to the optimization of strategies relying on triggered drug release, and the prediction and real-time monitoring of therapeutic responses. Nanotheranostic systems are consequently considered to be highly suitable systems for (pre-) clinical implementation, not only because they might assist in better understanding various important aspects of the drug delivery process, and in developing better drug delivery systems, but also because they might contribute to realizing the potential of "personalized medicine", and to developing more effective and less toxic treatment regimens for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twan Lammers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lu ZR, Wu X. Polydisulfide Based Biodegradable Macromolecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents. Isr J Chem 2010; 50:220-232. [PMID: 21331318 PMCID: PMC3038583 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular Gd(III) complexes are advantageous over small molecular Gd(III) complexes in contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) because of their prolonged blood circulation and preferential tumor accumulation. However, macromolecular contrast agents have not been approved for clinical applications because of the safety concerns related to their slow body excretion. Polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes have been designed and developed as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents to alleviate the concerns by facilitating the clearance of Gd(III) complexes from the body. These agents initially behave as macromolecular agents and result in superior contrast enhancement in the vasculature and tumor tissues. They can then be readily degraded in vivo into small molecular chelates that can rapidly excrete from the body via renal filtration after the MRI examinations. Various polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes have been prepared as biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents. These agents have resulted in strong contrast enhancement in the vasculature and tumor tissue in animal models with minimal long-term tissue accumulation comparable to small molecular contrast agents. Polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes are promising for further clinical development as safe and effective biodegradable macromolecular MRI contrast agents for cardiovascular and cancer imaging. The review summarizes the chemistry and properties of polydisulfide Gd(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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24
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Tentler JJ, Bradshaw-Pierce EL, Serkova NJ, Hasebroock KM, Pitts TM, Diamond JR, Fletcher GC, Bray MR, Eckhardt SG. Assessment of the in vivo antitumor effects of ENMD-2076, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, against primary and cell line-derived human colorectal cancer xenograft models. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2989-2998. [PMID: 20406842 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vivo study was designed to investigate the efficacy of ENMD-2076, a small-molecule kinase inhibitor with activity against the Aurora kinases A and B, and several other tyrosine kinases linked to cancer, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, cKit, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, against murine xenograft models of human colorectal cancer (CRC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN HT-29 CRC cell line xenografts were treated with either vehicle or ENMD-2076 (100 or 200 mg/kg) orally daily for 28 days. Tumor growth inhibition, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and (18)FDG-positron emission tomography were conducted to assess the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetabolic responses, respectively. Effects on proliferation were also analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. Additionally, three patient-derived xenografts from primary and metastatic sites were treated with ENMD-2076 (100 mg/kg) and assessed for tumor growth inhibition. RESULTS In the HT-29 xenograft model, ENMD-2076 induced initial tumor growth inhibition followed by regression. Treatment was associated with significant tumor blanching, indicating a loss of vascularity and substantial reductions in tumor vascular permeability and perfusion as measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Positron emission tomography scanning showed significant decreases in (18)FDG uptake at days 3 and 21 of treatment, which was associated with a marked reduction in proliferation as assessed by Ki-67. All three of the patient-derived xenografts tested were sensitive to treatment with ENMD 2076 as measured by tumor growth inhibition. CONCLUSIONS ENMD-2076 showed robust antitumor activity against cell line and patient-derived xenograft models of CRC that is detectable by functional imaging, supporting clinical investigation of this agent in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Tentler
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erica L Bradshaw-Pierce
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kendra M Hasebroock
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Todd M Pitts
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer R Diamond
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - S Gail Eckhardt
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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