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Mishukov A, Odinokova I, Mndlyan E, Kobyakova M, Abdullaev S, Zhalimov V, Glukhova X, Galat V, Galat Y, Senotov A, Fadeev R, Artykov A, Gasparian ME, Solovieva M, Beletsky I, Holmuhamedov E. ONC201-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Senescence-like Phenotype, and Sensitization of Cultured BT474 Human Breast Cancer Cells to TRAIL. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415551. [PMID: 36555190 PMCID: PMC9779726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ONC201, the anticancer drug, targets and activates mitochondrial ATP-dependent caseinolytic peptidase P (ClpP), a serine protease located in the mitochondrial matrix. Given the promise of ONC201 in cancer treatment, we evaluated its effects on the breast ductal carcinoma cell line (BT474). We showed that the transient single-dose treatment of BT474 cells by 10 µM ONC201 for a period of less than 48 h induced a reversible growth arrest and a transient activation of an integrated stress response indicated by an increased expression of CHOP, ATF4, and GDF-15, and a reduced number of mtDNA nucleoids. A prolonged exposure to the drug (>48 h), however, initiated an irreversible loss of mtDNA, persistent activation of integrated stress response proteins, as well as cell cycle arrest, inhibition of proliferation, and suppression of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Since Natural Killer (NK) cells are quickly gaining momentum in cellular anti-cancer therapies, we evaluated the effect of ONC201 on the activity of the peripheral blood derived NK cells. We showed that following the ONC 201 exposure BT474 cells demonstrated enhanced sensitivity toward human NK cells that mediated killing. Together our data revealed that the effects of a single dose of ONC201 are dependent on the duration of exposure, specifically, while short-term exposure led to reversible changes; long-term exposure resulted in irreversible transformation of cells associated with the senescent phenotype. Our data further demonstrated that when used in combination with NK cells, ONC201 created a synergistic anti-cancer effect, thus suggesting its possible benefit in NK-cell based cellular immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Mishukov
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Irina Odinokova
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Mndlyan
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Margarita Kobyakova
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Serazhutdin Abdullaev
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Vitaly Zhalimov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Xenia Glukhova
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | | | | | - Anatoly Senotov
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Roman Fadeev
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Artem Artykov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Marine E. Gasparian
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Marina Solovieva
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Igor Beletsky
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (E.H.); Tel.: +1-(857)-200-4192 or +7-(977)-545-0546 (E.H.)
| | - Ekhson Holmuhamedov
- Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (E.H.); Tel.: +1-(857)-200-4192 or +7-(977)-545-0546 (E.H.)
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Bloom MJ, Song PN, Virostko J, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Quantifying the Effects of Combination Trastuzumab and Radiation Therapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174234. [PMID: 36077773 PMCID: PMC9454606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Trastuzumab induces cell cycle arrest in HER2-overexpressing cells and demonstrates potential in radiosensitizing cancer cells. The purpose of this study is to quantify combination trastuzumab and radiotherapy to determine their synergy. Methods: In vitro, HER2+ cancer cells were treated with trastuzumab, radiation, or their combination, and imaged to evaluate treatment kinetics. In vivo, HER2+ tumor-bearing mice were treated with trastuzumab and radiation, and assessed longitudinally. An additional cohort was treated and sacrificed to quantify CD45, CD31, α-SMA, and hypoxia. Results: The interaction index revealed the additive effects of trastuzumab and radiation in vitro in HER2+ cell lines. Furthermore, the results revealed significant differences in tumor response when treated with radiation (p < 0.001); however, no difference was seen in the combination groups when trastuzumab was added to radiotherapy (p = 0.56). Histology revealed increases in CD45 staining in tumors receiving trastuzumab (p < 0.05), indicating potential increases in immune infiltration. Conclusions: The in vitro results showed the additive effect of combination trastuzumab and radiotherapy. The in vivo results showed the potential to achieve similar efficacy of radiotherapy with a reduced dose when combined with trastuzumab. If trastuzumab and low-dose radiotherapy induce greater tumor kill than a higher dose of radiotherapy, combination therapy can achieve a similar reduction in tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J. Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Patrick N. Song
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John Virostko
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence:
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Schmitz R, Tweed K, Walsh C, Walsh AJ, Skala MC. Extracellular pH affects the fluorescence lifetimes of metabolic co-factors. J Biomed Opt 2021; 26:JBO-210047LR. [PMID: 34032035 PMCID: PMC8144436 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.5.056502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Autofluorescence measurements of the metabolic cofactors NADH and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) provide a label-free method to quantify cellular metabolism. However, the effect of extracellular pH on flavin lifetimes is currently unknown. AIM To quantify the relationship between extracellular pH and the fluorescence lifetimes of FAD, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H]. APPROACH Human breast cancer (BT474) and HeLa cells were placed in pH-adjusted media. Images of an intracellular pH indicator or endogenous fluorescence were acquired using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging. Fluorescence lifetimes of FAD and FMN in solutions were quantified over the same pH range. RESULTS The relationship between intracellular and extracellular pH was linear in both cell lines. Between extracellular pH 4 to 9, FAD mean lifetimes increased with increasing pH. NAD(P)H mean lifetimes decreased with increasing pH between extracellular pH 5 to 9. The relationship between NAD(P)H lifetime and extracellular pH differed between the two cell lines. Fluorescence lifetimes of FAD, FAD-cholesterol oxidase, and FMN solutions decreased, showed no trend, and showed no trend, respectively, with increasing pH. CONCLUSIONS Changes in endogenous fluorescence lifetimes with extracellular pH are mostly due to indirect changes within the cell rather than direct pH quenching of the endogenous molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schmitz
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kelsey Tweed
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christine Walsh
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Alex J. Walsh
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Bloom MJ, Jarrett AM, Triplett TA, Syed AK, Davis T, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Anti-HER2 induced myeloid cell alterations correspond with increasing vascular maturation in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:359. [PMID: 32345237 PMCID: PMC7189470 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy targeted to the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is used in combination with cytotoxic therapy in treatment of HER2+ breast cancer. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets HER2, has been shown pre-clinically to induce vascular changes that can increase delivery of chemotherapy. To quantify the role of immune modulation in treatment-induced vascular changes, this study identifies temporal changes in myeloid cell infiltration with corresponding vascular alterations in a preclinical model of HER2+ breast cancer following trastuzumab treatment. METHODS HER2+ tumor-bearing mice (N = 46) were treated with trastuzumab or saline. After extraction, half of each tumor was analyzed by immunophenotyping using flow cytometry. The other half was quantified by immunohistochemistry to characterize macrophage infiltration (F4/80), vascularity (CD31 and α-SMA), proliferation (Ki67) and cellularity (H&E). Additional mice (N = 10) were used to quantify differences in tumor cytokines between control and treated groups. RESULTS Immunophenotyping showed an increase in macrophage infiltration 24 h after trastuzumab treatment (P ≤ 0.05). With continued trastuzumab treatment, the M1 macrophage population increased (P = 0.02). Increases in vessel maturation index (i.e., the ratio of α-SMA to CD31) positively correlated with increases in tumor infiltrating M1 macrophages (R = 0.33, P = 0.04). Decreases in VEGF-A and increases in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL21, CCL7, and CXCL10) were observed with continued trastuzumab treatment (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results from this study in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer show correlations between immune modulation and vascular changes, and reveals the potential for anti-HER2 therapy to reprogram immunosuppressive components of the tumor microenvironment. The quantification of immune modulation in HER2+ breast cancer, as well as the mechanistic insight of vascular alterations after anti-HER2 treatment, represent novel contributions and warrant further assessment for potential clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Jarrett
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Todd A Triplett
- LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anum K Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tessa Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,LiveSTRONG Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, The University of Texas Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.,Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Oden Institute for Computational and Engineering Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Chow LWC, Wong KL, Shiao LR, Wu KC, Leung YM. Polyamine stimulation perturbs intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and decreases viability of breast cancer BT474 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 75:65-73. [PMID: 32092040 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular polyamines such as spermine and spermidine are essential to cell growth in normal and especially in cancer cells. However, whether extracellular polyamines affect cancer cell survival is unknown. We therefore examined the actions of extracellular polyamines on breast cancer BT474 cells. Our data showed that spermine, spermidine, and putrescine decreased cell viability by apoptosis. These polyamines also elicited Ca2+ signals, but the latter were unlikely triggered via Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) as BT474 cells have been demonstrated previously to lack CaSR expression. Spermine-elicited Ca2+ response composed of both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx. Spermine caused a complete discharge of the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-sensitive Ca2+ pool and, expectedly, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The Ca2+ influx pore opened by spermine was Mn2+-impermeable, distinct from the CPA-triggered store-operated Ca2+ channel, which was Mn2+-permeable. Spermine cytotoxic effects were not due to oxidative stress, as spermine did not trigger reactive oxygen species formation. Our results therefore suggest that spermine acted on a putative polyamine receptor in BT474 cells, causing cytotoxicity by Ca2+ overload, Ca2+ store depletion, and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W C Chow
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.,UNIMED Medical Institute, 8/F Club Lusitano, 16 Ice House Street, Hong Kong, China.,Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Unit A, 9/F, CNT Commercial Building, 302 Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kar-Lok Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ru Shiao
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - King-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 6, Sec. West, Jiapu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 2, Sec. West, Jiapu Rd., Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, Phone: +886-04-2205336 ext. 2185
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Carvalho MI, Bianchini R, Fazekas-Singer J, Herrmann I, Flickinger I, Thalhammer JG, Pires I, Jensen-Jarolim E, Queiroga FL. Bidirectional Regulation of COX-2 Expression Between Cancer Cells and Macrophages. Anticancer Res 2018; 38:2811-2817. [PMID: 29715103 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Our aim was to investigate the crosstalk between tumor and immune cells (M2 macrophages) and its effects on cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2) regulation in canine mammary tumors (CMT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sh1b CMT cells and human BT474 mammary or HT29 colon cancer cells were co-cultured with canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or with macrophage-like differentiated THP1 monocytes (dTHP1). Intracellular COX2 expression by PBMCs, dTHP1 and cancer cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Co-culturing of Sh1b and canine PBMCs induced COX2 overexpression in CMT cells. In turn, COX2 expression by PBMCs, mostly CD68+ macrophages, was attenuated by co-culture with Sh1b (p=0.0001). In accordance, co-culture with dTHP1 prompted intracellular production of COX2 in both Sh1b CMT cells and HT29 human colon cancer cells and reduced production of COX2 in BT474 human mammary cancer cells. The intracellular COX2 expression from dTHP1 decreased when treated with conditioned medium from cultured Sh1b and HT29 cancer cells. CONCLUSION Bidirectional COX2 regulation between cancer and monocytes/macrophages might shape a tolerogenic tumor microenvironment in CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Carvalho
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Fazekas-Singer
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ina Herrmann
- Division of Dermatology, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University Clinics of Horses and Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Flickinger
- Division of Oncology, Small Animal Internal Medicine, University Clinics of Horses and Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Thalhammer
- Division of Dermatology, Internal Medicine Small Animals, University Clinics of Horses and Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal .,Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, Institute of Sciences, Technologies and Agro-environment, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Sorace AG, Syed AK, Barnes SL, Quarles CC, Sanchez V, Kang H, Yankeelov TE. Quantitative [ 18F]FMISO PET Imaging Shows Reduction of Hypoxia Following Trastuzumab in a Murine Model of HER2+ Breast Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:130-7. [PMID: 27506906 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of [18F]fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging as a metric for evaluating early response to trastuzumab therapy with histological validation in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. PROCEDURES Mice with BT474, HER2+ tumors, were imaged with [18F]FMISO-PET during trastuzumab therapy. Pimonidazole staining was used to confirm hypoxia from imaging. RESULTS [18F]FMISO-PET indicated significant decreases in hypoxia beginning on day 3 (P < 0.01) prior to changes in tumor size. These results were confirmed with pimonidazole staining on day 7 (P < 0.01); additionally, there was a significant positive linear correlation between histology and PET imaging (r 2 = 0.85). CONCLUSIONS [18F]FMISO-PET is a clinically relevant modality which provides the opportunity to (1) predict response to HER2+ therapy before changes in tumor size and (2) identify decreases in hypoxia which has the potential to guide subsequent therapy.
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Ciotlos S, Mao Q, Zhang RY, Li Z, Chin R, Gulbahce N, Liu SJ, Drmanac R, Peters BA. Whole genome sequence analysis of BT-474 using complete Genomics' standard and long fragment read technologies. Gigascience 2016; 5:8. [PMID: 26865974 DOI: 10.1186/s13742-016-0113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell line BT-474 is a popular cell line for studying the biology of cancer and developing novel drugs. However, there is no complete, published genome sequence for this highly utilized scientific resource. In this study we sought to provide a comprehensive and useful data set for the scientific community by generating a whole genome sequence for BT-474. FINDINGS Five μg of genomic DNA, isolated from an early passage of the BT-474 cell line, was used to generate a whole genome sequence (114X coverage) using Complete Genomics' standard sequencing process. To provide additional variant phasing and structural variation data we also processed and analyzed two separate libraries of 5 and 6 individual cells to depths of 99X and 87X, respectively, using Complete Genomics' Long Fragment Read (LFR) technology. CONCLUSIONS BT-474 is a highly aneuploid cell line with an extremely complex genome sequence. This ~300X total coverage genome sequence provides a more complete understanding of this highly utilized cell line at the genomic level.
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Sorace AG, Quarles CC, Whisenant JG, Hanker AB, McIntyre JO, Sanchez VM, Yankeelov TE. Trastuzumab improves tumor perfusion and vascular delivery of cytotoxic therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer: preliminary results. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:273-84. [PMID: 26791520 PMCID: PMC4833210 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To employ in vivo imaging and histological techniques to identify and quantify vascular changes early in the course of treatment with trastuzumab in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to quantitatively characterize vessel perfusion/permeability (via the parameter K (trans) ) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v e ) in the BT474 mouse model of HER2+ breast cancer (N = 20) at baseline, day one, and day four following trastuzumab treatment (10 mg/kg). Additional cohorts of mice were used to quantify proliferation (Ki67), microvessel density (CD31), pericyte coverage (α-SMA) by immunohistochemistry (N = 44), and to quantify human VEGF-A expression (N = 29) throughout the course of therapy. Longitudinal assessment of combination doxorubicin ± trastuzumab (N = 42) tested the hypothesis that prior treatment with trastuzumab will increase the efficacy of subsequent doxorubicin therapy. Compared to control tumors, trastuzumab-treated tumors exhibited a significant increase in K (trans) (P = 0.035) on day four, indicating increased perfusion and/or vessel permeability and a simultaneous significant increase in v e (P = 0.01), indicating increased cell death. Immunohistochemical and ELISA analyses revealed that by day four the trastuzumab-treated tumors had a significant increase in vessel maturation index (i.e., the ratio of α-SMA to CD31 staining) compared to controls (P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in VEGF-A (P = 0.03). Additionally, trastuzumab dosing prior to doxorubicin improved the overall effectiveness of the therapies (P < 0.001). This study identifies and validates improved perfusion characteristics following trastuzumab therapy, resulting in an improvement in trastuzumab-doxorubicin combination therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. This data suggests properties of vessel maturation. In particular, the use of DCE-MRI, a clinically available imaging method, following treatment with trastuzumab may provide an opportunity to optimize the scheduling and improve delivery of subsequent cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - C. Chad Quarles
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Dignity Health, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Whisenant
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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