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El Hasnaoui N, Fatimi A, Benjalal Y. Self-Assembly of Molecular Landers Equipped with Functional Moieties on the Surface: A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6277. [PMID: 38892465 PMCID: PMC11172695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The bottom-up fabrication of supramolecular and self-assembly on various substrates has become an extremely relevant goal to achieve prospects in the development of nanodevices for electronic circuitry or sensors. One of the branches of this field is the self-assembly of functional molecular components driven through non-covalent interactions on the surfaces, such as van der Waals (vdW) interactions, hydrogen bonding (HB), electrostatic interactions, etc., allowing the controlled design of nanostructures that can satisfy the requirements of nanoengineering concepts. In this context, non-covalent interactions present opportunities that have been previously explored in several molecular systems adsorbed on surfaces, primarily due to their highly directional nature which facilitates the formation of well-ordered structures. Herein, we review a series of research works by combining STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) with theoretical calculations, to reveal the processes used in the area of self-assembly driven by molecule Landers equipped with functional groups on the metallic surfaces. Combining these processes is necessary for researchers to advance the self-assembly of supramolecular architectures driven by multiple non-covalent interactions on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia El Hasnaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Youness Benjalal
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco (A.F.)
- Chemical Science and Engineering Research Team (ERSIC), Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592, Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
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2
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Schied M, Prezzi D, Liu D, Jacobson P, Corni S, Tour JM, Grill L. Inverted Conformation Stability of a Motor Molecule on a Metal Surface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:9034-9040. [PMID: 35686222 PMCID: PMC9169611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors have been intensely studied in solution, but less commonly on solid surfaces that offer fixed points of reference for their motion and allow high-resolution single-molecule imaging by scanning probe microscopy. Surface adsorption of molecules can also alter the potential energy surface and consequently preferred intramolecular conformations, but it is unknown how this affects motor molecules. Here, we show how the different conformations of motor molecules are modified by surface adsorption using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory. These results demonstrate how the contact of a motor molecule with a solid can affect the energetics of the molecular conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schied
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Deborah Prezzi
- Nanoscience
Institute of the National Research Council (CNR-NANO), via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Departments
of Chemistry and Materials Science and NanoEngineering, the Smalley
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the Welch Institute
for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Peter Jacobson
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefano Corni
- Nanoscience
Institute of the National Research Council (CNR-NANO), via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, Padova I-35131, Italy
| | - James M. Tour
- Departments
of Chemistry and Materials Science and NanoEngineering, the Smalley
Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, the Welch Institute
for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Engelund M, Godlewski S, Kolmer M, Zuzak R, Such B, Frederiksen T, Szymonski M, Sánchez-Portal D. The butterfly - a well-defined constant-current topography pattern on Si(001):H and Ge(001):H resulting from current-induced defect fluctuations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19309-17. [PMID: 27375264 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dangling bond (DB) arrays on Si(001):H and Ge(001):H surfaces can be patterned with atomic precision and they exhibit complex and rich physics making them interesting from both technological and fundamental perspectives. But their complex behavior often makes scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images difficult to interpret and simulate. Recently it was shown that low-temperature imaging of unoccupied states of an unpassivated dimer on Ge(001):H results in a symmetric butterfly-like STM pattern, despite the fact that the equilibrium dimer configuration is expected to be a bistable, buckled geometry. Here, based on a thorough characterization of the low-bias switching events on Ge(001):H, we propose a new imaging model featuring a dynamical two-state rate equation. On both Si(001):H and Ge(001):H, this model allows us to reproduce the features of the observed symmetric empty-state images which strongly corroborates the idea that the patterns arise due to fast switching events and provides an insight into the relationship between the tunneling current and switching rates. We envision that our new imaging model can be applied to simulate other bistable systems where fluctuations arise from transiently charged electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Engelund
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM), CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
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4
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Godlewski S, Kawai H, Engelund M, Kolmer M, Zuzak R, Garcia-Lekue A, Novell-Leruth G, Echavarren AM, Sanchez-Portal D, Joachim C, Saeys M. Diels-Alder attachment of a planar organic molecule to a dangling bond dimer on a hydrogenated semiconductor surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16757-65. [PMID: 27271337 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Construction of single-molecule electronic devices requires the controlled manipulation of organic molecules and their properties. This could be achieved by tuning the interaction between the molecule and individual atoms by local "on-surface" chemistry, i.e., the controlled formation of chemical bonds between the species. We demonstrate here the reversible attachment of a planar conjugated polyaromatic molecule to a pair of unpassivated dangling bonds on a hydrogenated Ge(001):H surface via a Diels-Alder [4+2] addition using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Due to the small stability difference between the covalently bonded and a nearly undistorted structure attached to the dangling bond dimer by long-range dispersive forces, we show that at cryogenic temperatures the molecule can be switched between both configurations. The reversibility of this covalent bond forming reaction may be applied in the construction of complex circuits containing organic molecules with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Hiroyo Kawai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Mads Engelund
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gerard Novell-Leruth
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Portal
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christian Joachim
- Nanosciences Group & MANA Satellite, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mark Saeys
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Mielke J, Hanke F, Peters MV, Hecht S, Persson M, Grill L. Adatoms underneath Single Porphyrin Molecules on Au(111). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1844-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510528x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mielke
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Hanke
- Surface
Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Maike V. Peters
- Chemistry
Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Chemistry
Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse
2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mats Persson
- Surface
Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Leonhard Grill
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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6
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Kalashnyk N, Yu M, Barattin R, Benjalal Y, Hliwa M, Joachim C, Lægsgaard E, Besenbacher F, Gourdon A, Bouju X, Linderoth TR. Bicomponent hydrogen-bonded nanostructures formed by two complementary molecular Landers on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10619-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One- and two-dimensional structures formed by two Lander molecules on Au(111) via 3D-optimized or complementary triple H-bonding are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and rationalized by numerical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kalashnyk
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - M. Yu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - R. Barattin
- Nanosciences group
- CEMES-CNRS
- UPR 8011
- Bât. picoLab
- F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Y. Benjalal
- Faculté des Sciences Ben M'Sik
- Université Hassan II-Mohammédia
- Casablanca BP 7955, Morocco
| | - M. Hliwa
- Nanosciences group
- CEMES-CNRS
- UPR 8011
- Bât. picoLab
- F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - C. Joachim
- Nanosciences group
- CEMES-CNRS
- UPR 8011
- Bât. picoLab
- F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - E. Lægsgaard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - F. Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - A. Gourdon
- Nanosciences group
- CEMES-CNRS
- UPR 8011
- Bât. picoLab
- F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - X. Bouju
- Nanosciences group
- CEMES-CNRS
- UPR 8011
- Bât. picoLab
- F-31055 Toulouse, France
| | - T. R. Linderoth
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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7
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Schramm A, Stroh C, Dössel K, Lukas M, Fischer M, Schramm F, Fuhr O, Löhneysen HV, Mayor M. Tripodal MIIIComplexes on Au(111) Surfaces: Towards Molecular “Lunar Modules”. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Zhou J, Guo C, Xu B. Electron transport properties of single molecular junctions under mechanical modulations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:164209. [PMID: 22466314 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/164209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport behaviors of single molecular junctions are very sensitive to the atomic scale molecule-metal electrode contact interfaces, which have been difficult to control. We used a modified scanning probe microscope-break junction technique (SPM-BJT) to control the dynamics of the contacts and simultaneously monitor both the conductance and force. First, by fitting the measured data into a modified multiple tunneling barrier model, the static contact resistances, corresponding to the different contact conformations of single alkanedithiol and alkanediamine molecular junctions, were identified. Second, the changes of contact decay constant were measured under mechanical extensions of the molecular junctions, which helped to classify the different single molecular conductance sets into specific microscopic conformations of the molecule-electrode contacts. Third, by monitoring the changes of force and contact decay constant with the mechanical extensions, the changes of conductance were found to be caused by the changes of contact bond length and by the atomic reorganizations near the contact bond. This study provides a new insight into the understanding of the influences of contact conformations, especially the effect of changes of dynamic contact conformation on electron transport through single molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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9
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Sato F, Legoas SB, Otero R, Hümmelink F, Thostrup P, Lægsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Besenbacher F, Galvão DS. Adsorption configuration effects on the surface diffusion of large organic molecules: the case of Violet Lander. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:224702. [PMID: 21171691 DOI: 10.1063/1.3512623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Violet Lander (C(108)H(104)) is a large organic molecule that when deposited on Cu(110) surface exhibits lock-and-key like behavior [Otero et al., Nature Mater. 3, 779 (2004)]. In this work, we report a detailed fully atomistic molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics study of this phenomenon. Our results show that it has its physical basis on the interplay of the molecular hydrogens and the Cu(110) atomic spacing, which is a direct consequence of the matching between molecule and surface dimensions. This information could be used to find new molecules capable of displaying lock-and-key behavior with new potential applications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sato
- Departamento de Física, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-330 Juiz de Fora-MG, Brazil
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10
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Yu M, Kalashnyk N, Xu W, Barattin R, Benjalal Y, Laegsgaard E, Stensgaard I, Hliwa M, Bouju X, Gourdon A, Joachim C, Besenbacher F, Linderoth TR. Supramolecular architectures on surfaces formed through hydrogen bonding optimized in three dimensions. ACS NANO 2010; 4:4097-4109. [PMID: 20550141 DOI: 10.1021/nn100450q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly on surfaces, guided by hydrogen bonding interactions, has been widely studied, most often involving planar compounds confined directly onto surfaces in a planar two-dimensional (2-D) geometry and equipped with structurally rigid chemical functionalities to direct the self-assembly. In contrast, so-called molecular Landers are a class of compounds that exhibit a pronounced three-dimensional (3-D) structure once adsorbed on surfaces, arising from a molecular backboard equipped with bulky groups which act as spacer legs. Here we demonstrate the first examples of extended, hydrogen-bonded surface architectures formed from molecular Landers. Using high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) under well controlled ultrahigh vacuum conditions we characterize both one-dimensional (1-D) chains as well as five distinct long-range ordered 2-D supramolecular networks formed on a Au(111) surface from a specially designed Lander molecule equipped with dual diamino-triazine (DAT) functional moieties, enabling complementary NH...N hydrogen bonding. Most interestingly, comparison of experimental results to STM image calculations and molecular mechanics structural modeling demonstrates that the observed molecular Lander-DAT structures can be rationalized through characteristic intermolecular hydrogen bonding coupling motifs which would not have been possible in purely planar 2-D surface assembly because they involve pronounced 3-D optimization of the bonding configurations. The described 1-D and 2-D patterns of Lander-DAT molecules may potentially be used as extended molecular molds for the nucleation and growth of complex metallic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Grill L. Large molecules on surfaces: deposition and intramolecular STM manipulation by directional forces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:084023. [PMID: 21389399 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/8/084023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular manipulation of single molecules on a surface with a scanning tunnelling microscope enables the controlled modification of their structure and, consequently, their physical and chemical properties. This review presents examples of intramolecular manipulation experiments with rather large molecules, driven by directional, i.e. chemical or electrostatic, forces between tip and molecule. It is shown how various regimes of forces can be explored and characterized with one and the same manipulation of a single molecule by changing the tip-surface distance. Furthermore, different deposition techniques under ultrahigh vacuum conditions are discussed because the increasing functionality of such molecules can lead to fragmentation during the heating step, making their clean deposition difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Grill
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Klappenberger F, Weber-Bargioni A, Auwärter W, Marschall M, Schiffrin A, Barth JV. Temperature dependence of conformation, chemical state, and metal-directed assembly of tetrapyridyl-porphyrin on Cu(111). J Chem Phys 2008; 129:214702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3021291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Zhou YX, Jiang F, Chen H, Note R, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. First-principles study of length dependence of conductance in alkanedithiols. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:044704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2827868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Auwärter W, Klappenberger F, Weber-Bargioni A, Schiffrin A, Strunskus T, Wöll C, Pennec Y, Riemann A, Barth JV. Conformational Adaptation and Selective Adatom Capturing of Tetrapyridyl-porphyrin Molecules on a Copper (111) Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11279-85. [PMID: 17705476 DOI: 10.1021/ja071572n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and near-edge X-ray adsorption fine structure study on the interaction of tetrapyridyl-porphyrin (TPyP) molecules with a Cu(111) surface. A novel approach using data from complementary experimental techniques and charge density calculations allows us to determine the adsorption geometry of TPyP on Cu(111). The molecules are centered on "bridge" sites of the substrate lattice and exhibit a strong deformation involving a saddle-shaped macrocycle distortion as well as considerable rotation and tilting of the meso-substituents. We propose a bonding mechanism based on the pyridyl-surface interaction, which mediates the molecular deformation upon adsorption. Accordingly, a functionalization by pyridyl groups opens up pathways to control the anchoring of large organic molecules on metal surfaces and tune their conformational state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the affinity of the terminal groups for metal centers permits the selective capture of individual iron atoms at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Auwärter
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
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16
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Basu C, Barthes C, Sadhukhan SK, Girdhar NK, Gourdon A. Synthesis of a 2D Lander. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Grill L, Rieder KH, Moresco F, Stojkovic S, Gourdon A, Joachim C. Exploring the interatomic forces between tip and single molecules during STM manipulation. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:2685-9. [PMID: 17163688 DOI: 10.1021/nl0615017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between a single molecule and the STM tip during intramolecular manipulation is investigated in detail. We show that the conformational change of complex organic molecules can be induced reversibly and very reliably by using exclusively attractive forces. By studying the dependence of this process on the bias voltage and the tip position, the driving forces are characterized. Different regimes of tip-molecule interactions are observed as a function of the distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Grill
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Savio L, Gross L, Rieder KH, Gourdon A, Joachim C, Moresco F. Interaction of a long molecular wire with a nanostructured surface: Violet Landers on Cu(211). Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Scifo L, Dubois M, Brun MEL, Rannou P, Latil S, Rubio A, Grévin B. Probing the electronic properties of self-organized poly(3-dodecylthiophene) monolayers by two-dimensional scanning tunneling spectroscopy imaging at the single chain scale. NANO LETTERS 2006; 6:1711-8. [PMID: 16895361 DOI: 10.1021/nl061018w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regioregular poly(3-dodecylthiophene) films self-organized on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and two-dimensional scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Simulated spectra in very good agreement with the experimental data have been obtained by a method combining ab initio and semiempirical approaches, which allows a careful discussion of the polymer electronic states. From the experimental data, with the support of modeling, it is shown that the STS spectra give a direct access to the polymer semiconducting band gap without noticeable charge-transfer effects from the substrate. Spectroscopic images are achieved at the single chain scale, which allows scrutinizing the electronic consequences of chain folds and pi-stacking effects through spectroscopic contrasts. While chain folds do not locally increase the polymer band gap more than a few tens of millielectonvolt, a striking widening of the STS conductance gap is observed in the case of electronic tunneling through two interacting polymer layers. Scenarios based on nonplanar configuration of thiophene cycles within the second layer or variations of the charge screening effects are proposed to explain this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorette Scifo
- UMR5819 (CEA-CNRS-Université Grenoble I), CEA/DRFMC/SPrAM/LEMOH, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of cationic donor-(pi-bridge)-acceptor dyes coupled with anionic donors exhibit asymmetric current-voltage (I-V) characteristics when contacted by Au or PtIr probes. Rectification ratios of 3000 at +/- 1 V are obtained from Au-S-C10H20-A+-pi-D|D-|Au structures in which the cationic moiety is 5-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-isoquinolinium and the counterion is copper phthalocyanine-3,4',4'',4'''-tetrasulfonate (SAM ). Similar behaviour, with a high rectification ratio of 700-900 at +/- 1 V, is also obtained for the CuPc(SO3-)4 salt of 4-[2-(4-dimethylaminonaphthalen-1-yl)-vinyl]-quinolinium (SAM ). The properties are dependent upon the D-pi-A+ moieties which, for these highly rectifying salts, have sterically locked non-planar structures causing the conjugation to be effectively broken. Its effect on the electrical asymmetry is less spectacular when the cationic species is sterically unhindered: the rectification ratio decreases to 15-70 at +/- 1 V for films of the 4-[2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-vinyl]-pyridinium salt (SAM ), which has single-ring substituents on opposite sides of the -CH=CH- bridge and an almost planar D-pi-A+ structure. Rectification ratios from the sterically hindered structures are on a par with electrical asymmetries from metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices where oxide-induced Schottky barriers dominate the behaviour.
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McCreery RL, Wu J, Kalakodimi RP. Electron transport and redox reactions in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:2572-90. [PMID: 16738711 DOI: 10.1039/b601163m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A unique molecular junction design is described, consisting of a molecular mono- or multilayer oriented between a conducting carbon substrate and a metallic top contact. The sp2 hybridized graphitic carbon substrate (pyrolyzed photoresist film, PPF) is flat on the scale of the molecular dimensions, and the molecular layer is bonded to the substrate via diazonium ion reduction to yield a strong, conjugated C-C bond. Molecular junctions were completed by electron-beam deposition of copper, titanium oxide, or aluminium oxide followed by a final conducting layer of gold. Vibrational spectroscopy and XPS of completed junctions showed minimal damage to the molecular layer by metal deposition, although some electron transfer to the molecular layer resulted in partial reduction in some cases. Device yield was high (>80%), and the standard deviations of junction electronic properties such as low voltage resistance were typically in the range of 10-20%. The resistance of PPF/molecule/Cu/Au junctions exhibited a strong dependence on the structure and thickness of the molecular layer, ranging from 0.13 ohms cm2 for a nitrobiphenyl monolayer, to 4.46 ohms cm2 for a biphenyl monolayer, and 160 ohms cm2 for a 4.3 nm thick nitrobiphenyl multilayer. Junctions containing titanium or aluminium oxide had dramatically lower conductance than their PPF/molecule/Cu counterparts, with aluminium oxide junctions exhibiting essentially insulating behavior. However, in situ Raman spectroscopy of PPF/nitroazobenzene/AlO(x)/Au junctions with partially transparent metal contacts revealed that redox reactions occurred under bias, with nitroazobenzene (NAB) reduction occurring when the PPF was biased negative relative to the Au. Similar redox reactions were observed in PPF/NAB/TiO(x)/Au molecular junctions, but they were accompanied by major effects on electronic behavior, such as rectification and persistent conductance switching. Such switching was evident following polarization of PPF/molecule/TiO2/Au junctions by positive or negative potential pulses, and the resulting conductance changes persisted for several minutes at room temperature. The "memory" effect implied by these observations is attributed to a combination of the molecular layer and the TiO2 properties, namely metastable "trapping" of electrons in the TiO2 when the Au is negatively biased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L McCreery
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Gross L, Rieder KH, Moresco F, Stojkovic SM, Gourdon A, Joachim C. Trapping and moving metal atoms with a six-leg molecule. NATURE MATERIALS 2005; 4:892-5. [PMID: 16299509 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Putting to work a molecule able to collect and carry adatoms in a controlled way on a surface is a solution for fabricating atomic structures atom by atom. Investigations have shown that the interaction of an organic molecule with the surface of a metal can induce surface reconstruction down to the atomic scale. In this way, well-defined nanostructures such as chains of adatoms, atomic trenches and metal-ligand compounds have been formed. Moreover, the progress in manipulation techniques induced by a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) has opened up the possibility of studying artificially built molecular-metal atomic scale structures, and allowed the atom-by-atom doping of a single C(60) molecule by picking up K atoms. The present work goes a step further and combines STM manipulation techniques with the ability of a molecule to assemble an atomic nanostructure. We present a well-designed six-leg single hexa-t-butyl-hexaphenylbenzene (HB-HPB) molecule, which collects and carries up to six copper adatoms on a Cu(111) surface when manipulated with a STM tip. The 'HB-HPB-Cu atoms' complex can be further manipulated, bringing its Cu freight to a predetermined position on the surface where the metal atoms can finally be released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gross
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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