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Demchenko AP. Excitonic Properties of Organic Dye Aggregates: Contribution of Ukrainian Science. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300290. [PMID: 37873897 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Unexpected discovery that molecules of organic dyes when they form regular structures can change dramatically their light absorption and fluorescence properties were attracting the minds of researchers for more than eight decades. The progress in investigation of this unique phenomenon described in terms of H- and J-aggregation has led to many practical applications. Here the author expresses his personal view on the dramatic story of switching this research area from empirical knowledge to that standing on strong background of molecular exciton theory. The author was a witness of some of these events and acquainted with several great personalities involved. The major trends of future developments are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Leontovicha st. 9, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
- Yuriy Fedkovych National University, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
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2
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Clowes SR, Răsădean DM, Gianga TM, Jávorfi T, Hussain R, Siligardi G, Pantoş GD. Mueller Matrix Polarimetry on Cyanine Dye J-Aggregates. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041523. [PMID: 36838510 PMCID: PMC9960244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanine dyes are known to form H- and J-aggregates in aqueous solutions. Here we show that the cyanine dye, S0271, assembles in water into vortex induced chiral J-aggregates. The chirality of the J-aggregates depends on the directionality of the vortex. This study utilised both conventional benchtop CD spectropolarimeters and Mueller matrix polarimetry. It was found that J-aggregates have real chirality alongside linear dichroism and linear and circular birefringence. We identify the factors that are key to the formation of metastable chiral J-aggregates and propose a mechanism for their assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Clowes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dora M. Răsădean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Tamás Jávorfi
- B23 Beamline, Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | | | | | - G. Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Correspondence:
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3
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Fluorescent properties of amphi-PIC J-aggregates in the complexes with bovine serum albumin. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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4
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Ma Y, Dicce A, Reddy NR, Fang J. Liquid-crystalline ordering of davydov-split aggregates of cyanine dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Eder T, Kraus D, Höger S, Vogelsang J, Lupton JM. Vibrations Responsible for Luminescence from HJ-Aggregates of Conjugated Polymers Identified by Cryogenic Spectroscopy of Single Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6382-6393. [PMID: 35394735 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A single polymer chain can be thought of as a covalently bound J-aggregate, where the microscopic transition-dipole moments line up to emit in phase. Packing polymer chains into a bulk film can result in the opposite effect, inducing H-type coupling between chains. Cofacial transition-dipole moments oscillate out of phase, canceling each other out, so that the lowest-energy excited state turns dark. H-aggregates of conjugated polymers can, in principle, be coaxed into emitting light by mixing purely electronic and vibronic transitions. However, it is challenging to characterize this electron-phonon coupling experimentally. In a bulk film, many different conformations exist with varying degrees of intrachain J-type and interchain H-type coupling strengths, giving rise to broad and featureless aggregate absorption and emission spectra. Even if single nanoparticles consisting of only a few single chains are grown in a controlled fashion, the luminescence spectra remain broad, owing to the underlying molecular dynamics and structural heterogeneity at room temperature. At cryogenic temperatures, emission from H-type aggregates should be suppressed because, in the absence of thermal energy, internal conversion drives the aggregate to the lowest-energy dark state. At the same time, electronic and vibronic transitions narrow substantially, facilitating the attribution of spectral signatures to distinct vibrational modes. We demonstrate how to distinguish signatures of interchain H-type aggregate species from those of intramolecular J-type coupling. Whereas all dominant vibronic modes revealed in the photoluminescence (PL) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering spectra of a single chromophore within a single polymer chain are identified in the J-type aggregate luminescence spectra, they are not all present at once in the H-type spectra. Universal spectral features are found for the luminescence from strongly HJ-coupled chains, clearly resolving the vibrations responsible for the nonadiabatic excited-state molecular dynamics that enable light emission. We discuss the possible combinations of vibrational modes responsible for H-type aggregate PL and demonstrate that only one, mainly the lowest energy one, of the three dominant vibrational modes contributes to the 0-1 transition, whereas combinations of all three are found in the 0-2 transition. From this analysis, we can distinguish between energy shifts due to either J-type intrachain coupling or H-type interchain interactions, offering a means to directly discriminate between structural and energetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Eder
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kraus
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Kriete B, Bondarenko AS, Alessandri R, Patmanidis I, Krasnikov VV, Jansen TLC, Marrink SJ, Knoester J, Pshenichnikov MS. Molecular versus Excitonic Disorder in Individual Artificial Light-Harvesting Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18073-18085. [PMID: 32985187 PMCID: PMC7582617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural light-harvesting antennae employ a dense array of chromophores to optimize energy transport via the formation of delocalized excited states (excitons), which are critically sensitive to spatio-energetic variations of the molecular structure. Identifying the origin and impact of such variations is highly desirable for understanding and predicting functional properties yet hard to achieve due to averaging of many overlapping responses from individual systems. Here, we overcome this problem by measuring the heterogeneity of synthetic analogues of natural antennae-self-assembled molecular nanotubes-by two complementary approaches: single-nanotube photoluminescence spectroscopy and ultrafast 2D correlation. We demonstrate remarkable homogeneity of the nanotube ensemble and reveal that ultrafast (∼50 fs) modulation of the exciton frequencies governs spectral broadening. Using multiscale exciton modeling, we show that the dominance of homogeneous broadening at the exciton level results from exchange narrowing of strong static disorder found for individual molecules within the nanotube. The detailed characterization of static and dynamic disorder at the exciton as well as the molecular level presented here opens new avenues in analyzing and predicting dynamic exciton properties, such as excitation energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Kriete
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna S. Bondarenko
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Alessandri
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilias Patmanidis
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor V. Krasnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Kunsel T, Löhner A, Mayo JJ, Köhler J, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Unraveling intra-aggregate structural disorder using single-molecule spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134304. [PMID: 33032400 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural disorder within self-assembled molecular aggregates may have strong effects on their optical functionality. Such disorder, however, is hard to explore using standard ensemble measurements. In this paper, we report on the characterization of intra-aggregate structural disorder through a linewidth analysis of fluorescence excitation experiments on individual zinc-chlorin (ZnChl) nanotubular molecular aggregates. Recent experiments suggest an anomaly in the linewidths of the two absorption bands that dominate the spectra: the higher-energy bands on average show a smaller linewidth than the lower-energy bands. This anomaly is explored in this paper by analyzing and modeling the correlation of the two linewidths for each aggregate. We exploit a Frenkel exciton model to show that the experimentally observed correlation of linewidths and other statistical properties of the single-aggregate spectra can be explained from small variations of the molecular orientations within individual aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kunsel
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Löhner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 94557 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - J J Mayo
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 94557 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T L C Jansen
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- University of Groningen, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Bondarenko AS, Jansen TLC, Knoester J. Exciton localization in tubular molecular aggregates: Size effects and optical response. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194302. [PMID: 33687267 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the exciton localization and resulting optical response for disordered tubular aggregates of optically active molecules. It has previously been shown that such tubular structures allow for excitons delocalized over more than a thousand molecules, owing to the combined effects of long-range dipole-dipole interactions and the higher-dimensional (not truly one-dimensional) nature of the aggregate. Such large delocalization sizes prompt the question to what extent in experimental systems the delocalization may still be determined by the aggregate size (diameter and length) and how this affects the aggregate's optical response and dynamics. We perform a systematic study of the size effects on the localization properties using numerical simulations of the exciton states in a cylindrical model structure inspired by the previously derived geometry of a cylindrical aggregate of cyanine dye molecules (C8S3). To characterize the exciton localization, we calculate the participation ratio and the autocorrelation function of the exciton wave function. We also calculate the density of states and absorption spectrum. We find strong effects of the tube's radius on the localization and optical properties in the range of parameters relevant to the experiment. In addition, surprisingly, we find that even for tubes as long as 750 nm, the localization size is limited by the tube's length for disorder values that are relevant to experimental circumstances, while observable effects of the tube's length in the absorption spectrum still occur for tube lengths up to about 150 nm. The latter may explain the changes in the optical spectra observed during the aging process of bromine-substituted C8S3 aggregates. For weak disorder, the exciton wave functions exhibit a scattered, fractal-like nature, similar to the quasi-particles in two-dimensional disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Bondarenko
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Löhner A, Kunsel T, Röhr MIS, Jansen TLC, Sengupta S, Würthner F, Knoester J, Köhler J. Spectral and Structural Variations of Biomimetic Light-Harvesting Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2715-2724. [PMID: 31059268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired, self-assembled nanotubes have been investigated by low-temperature, polarization-resolved single-tube spectroscopy. These assemblies are based on zinc chlorin monomers and are considered as model systems that resemble the secondary structural elements in the natural light-harvesting systems of green (non)sulfur bacteria. Compared to the natural systems, the spectral parameters extracted from the single-nanotube spectra feature distributions with significantly smaller widths, which is ascribed to a tremendous reduction of structural heterogeneity in the artificial systems. Employing quantum chemical molecular modeling the spectra of individual nanotubes can be explained consistently only for a molecular packing model that is fundamentally different from those considered so far for the natural systems. Subsequent theoretical simulations reveal that the remaining spectral variations between single nanotubes can be traced back to small variations of the mutual orientations of the monomer transition dipole moments that are far beyond the resolving power of high-resolution electron microscopy imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Löhner
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 94557 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - T Kunsel
- University of Groningen , Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - M I S Röhr
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - T L C Jansen
- University of Groningen , Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - S Sengupta
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - F Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - J Knoester
- University of Groningen , Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - J Köhler
- Spectroscopy of Soft Matter , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 94557 Bayreuth , Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute , Universitätsstraße 30 , 94557 Bayreuth , Germany
- Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF) , University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstraße 30 , 94557 Bayreuth , Germany
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10
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Anantharaman SB, Messmer D, Sadeghpour A, Salentinig S, Nüesch F, Heier J. Excitonic channels from bio-inspired templated supramolecular assembly of J-aggregate nanowires. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6929-6938. [PMID: 30916072 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies with controlled morphology are of paramount importance for energy transport in organic semiconductors. Despite considerable freedom in molecular design, the preparation of dyes that form one dimensional J-aggregates is challenging. Here, we demonstrate a simple and effective route to functionalize dendronized polymers (DPs) with J-aggregates to construct tubular DP/J-aggregate nanowires. When J-aggregates are adsorbed onto DPs anchored to glass substrates, they assemble into microcrystalline domains typical for J-aggregates adsorbed on functionalized surfaces. Differently, the complexation between the dendronized polymer and J-aggregates in solution leads to dense packing of J-aggregate strands on the periphery of the DPs. Using a layer-by-layer (LBL) technique, DPs loaded with J-aggregates can also be adsorbed onto a DP monolayer. In this case, the thin film absorption spectra are narrower and indicate higher ratios of J-aggregate to monomer and dimer absorption than bare J-aggregates deposited similarly. The demonstration of J-aggregate adsorption on filamentous polymeric templates is a promising step toward artificial 1D light harvesting antennas, with potential applications in opto-electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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11
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Bricks JL, Slominskii YL, Panas ID, Demchenko AP. Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Rhodes S, Liang W, Shteinberg E, Fang J. Formation of Spherulitic J-Aggregates from the Coassembly of Lithocholic Acid and Cyanine Dye. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4504-4509. [PMID: 28872876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular aggregates of organic dyes through noncovalent interactions have attracted great interest because they exhibit collective optical and excitonic properties. We report the formation of spherulitic J-aggregates from the coassembly of lithocholic acid (LCA) and 3,3'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (DiSC2(3)) in ammonia solution. Each spherulite contains a core, which serves as a nucleus for the growth of radially oriented J-aggregate fibrils. We find that the growth of spherulitic J-aggregates exhibits a sigmoidal kinetic curve with an initial lag time, followed by a period of rapid growth and a finally slow approach to equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rhodes
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Wenlang Liang
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Ekaterina Shteinberg
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Jiyu Fang
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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13
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Wan Y, Stradomska A, Knoester J, Huang L. Direct Imaging of Exciton Transport in Tubular Porphyrin Aggregates by Ultrafast Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7287-7293. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Anna Stradomska
- School
of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Libai Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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14
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Liess A, Lv A, Arjona-Esteban A, Bialas D, Krause AM, Stepanenko V, Stolte M, Würthner F. Exciton Coupling of Merocyanine Dyes from H- to J-type in the Solid State by Crystal Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1719-1726. [PMID: 28165244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A key issue for the application of π-conjugated organic molecules as thin film solid-state materials is the packing structure, which drastically affects optical and electronic properties due to intermolecular coupling. In this regard, merocyanine dyes usually pack in H-coupled antiparallel arrangements while structures with more interesting J-type coupling have been rarely reported. Here we show that for three highly dipolar merocyanine dyes, which exhibit the same π-scaffold and accordingly equal properties as monomers in solution, the solid-state packing can be changed by a simple variation of aliphatic substituents to afford narrow and intense absorption bands with huge hypsochromic (H) or bathochromic (J) shifts for their thin films and nanocrystals. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that the energetic offset of almost 1 eV magnitude results from distinct packing motifs within the crystal structures that comply with the archetype H- or J-aggregate structures as described by Kasha's exciton theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Aifeng Lv
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alhama Arjona-Esteban
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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15
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Rhodes S, Wang X, Liang W, Cho HJ, Fang J. Templated J-Aggregate Nanotubes for the Detection of Dopamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/msce.2017.51018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Friedl C, Renger T, Berlepsch HV, Ludwig K, Schmidt am Busch M, Megow J. Structure Prediction of Self-Assembled Dye Aggregates from Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy, Molecular Mechanics, and Theory of Optical Spectra. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:19416-19433. [PMID: 27642380 PMCID: PMC5021387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) studies suggest that TTBC molecules self-assemble in aqueous solution to form single-walled tubes with a diameter of about 35 Å. In order to reveal the arrangement and mutual orientations of the individual molecules in the tube, we combine information from crystal structure data of this dye with a calculation of linear absorbance and linear dichroism spectra and molecular dynamics simulations. We start with wrapping crystal planes in different directions to obtain tubes of suitable diameter. This set of tube models is evaluated by comparing the resulting optical spectra with experimental data. The tubes that can explain the spectra are investigated further by molecular dynamics simulations, including explicit solvent molecules. From the trajectories of the most stable tube models, the short-range ordering of the dye molecules is extracted and the optimization of the structure is iteratively completed. The final structural model is a tube of rings with 6-fold rotational symmetry, where neighboring rings are rotated by 30° and the transition dipole moments of the chromophores form an angle of 74° with respect to the symmetry axis of the tube. This model is in agreement with cryo-TEM images and can explain the optical spectra, consisting of a sharp red-shifted J-band that is polarized parallel to to the symmetry axis of the tube and a broad blue-shifted H-band polarized perpendicular to this axis. The general structure of the homogeneous spectrum of this hybrid HJ-aggregate is described by an analytical model that explains the difference in redistribution of oscillator strength inside the vibrational manifolds of the J- and H-bands and the relative intensities and excitation energies of those bands. In addition to the particular system investigated here, the present methodology can be expected to aid the structure prediction for a wide range of self-assembled dye aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Friedl
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Johannes
Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, AT-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Renger
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Johannes
Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, AT-4040 Linz, Austria
- E-mail: . Phone: +43 (0)732 24685151
| | - Hans v. Berlepsch
- Forschungszentrum
für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Forschungszentrum
für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 36a, D-14195 Berlin, Federal Republic
of Germany
| | - Marcel Schmidt am Busch
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Johannes
Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, AT-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jörg Megow
- Institut
für Theoretische Physik, Johannes
Kepler Universität Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, AT-4040 Linz, Austria
- Institut
für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Federal Republic of Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49 (0)331 9775195
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17
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Li Z, Mukhopadhyay S, Jang SH, Brédas JL, Jen AKY. Supramolecular Assembly of Complementary Cyanine Salt J-Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11920-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong’an Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sukrit Mukhopadhyay
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sei-Hum Jang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and
Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Division
of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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18
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Bloemsma EA, Vlaming SM, Malyshev VA, Knoester J. Signature of anomalous exciton localization in the optical response of self-assembled organic nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:156804. [PMID: 25933330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.156804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that the disorder scaling of the low-temperature optical absorption linewidth of tubular molecular assemblies sharply contrasts with that known for one-dimensional aggregates. The difference can be explained by an anomalous localization of excitons, which arises from the combination of long-range intermolecular interactions and the tube's higher-dimensional geometry. As a result, the exciton density of states near the band bottom drops to zero, leading to a strong suppression of exciton localization. Our results explain the strong linear dichroism and weak exciton-exciton scattering in tubular J aggregates observed in experiments and suggest that for nanoscale wirelike applications a tubular shape is to be preferred over a truly one-dimensional chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bloemsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S M Vlaming
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V A Malyshev
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Jendrny M, Aartsma TJ, Köhler J. Insights into the excitonic states of individual chlorosomes from Chlorobaculum tepidum. Biophys J 2014; 106:1921-7. [PMID: 24806924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green-sulfur bacteria have evolved a unique light-harvesting apparatus, the chlorosome, by which it is perfectly adapted to thrive photosynthetically under extremely low light conditions. We have used single-particle, optical spectroscopy to study the structure-function relationship of chlorosomes each of which incorporates hundreds of thousands of self-assembled bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. The electronically excited states of these molecular assemblies are described as Frenkel excitons whose photophysical properties depend crucially on the mutual arrangement of the pigments. The signature of these Frenkel excitons and its relation to the supramolecular organization of the chlorosome becomes accessible by optical spectroscopy. Because subtle spectral features get obscured by ensemble averaging, we have studied individual chlorosomes from wild-type Chlorobaculum tepidum by polarization-resolved fluorescence-excitation spectroscopy. This approach minimizes the inherent sample heterogeneity and allows us to reveal properties of the exciton states without ensemble averaging. The results are compared with predictions from computer simulations of various models of the supramolecular organization of the BChl monomers. We find that the photophysical properties of individual chlorosomes from wild-type Chlorobaculum tepidum are consistent with a (multiwall) helical arrangement of syn-anti stacked BChl molecules in cylinders and/or spirals of different size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jendrny
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thijs J Aartsma
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, Bayreuth, Germany.
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20
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Merdasa A, Jiménez ÁJ, Camacho R, Meyer M, Würthner F, Scheblykin IG. Single Lévy states-disorder induced energy funnels in molecular aggregates. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6774-6781. [PMID: 25349900 DOI: 10.1021/nl5021188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using fluorescence super-resolution microscopy we studied simultaneous spectral, spatial localization, and blinking behavior of individual 1D J-aggregates. Excitons migrating 100 nm are funneled to a trap appearing as an additional red-shifted blinking fluorescence band. We propose that the trap is a Frenkel exciton state formed much below the main exciton band edge due to an environmentally induced heavy-tailed Lévy disorder. This points to disorder engineering as a new avenue in controlling light-harvesting in molecular ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboma Merdasa
- Chemical Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Haedler AT, Beyer SR, Hammer N, Hildner R, Kivala M, Köhler J, Schmidt HW. Synthesis and photophysical properties of multichromophoric carbonyl-bridged triarylamines. Chemistry 2014; 20:11708-18. [PMID: 25147099 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical properties of two novel multichromophoric compounds is presented. Their molecular design comprises a carbonyl-bridged triarylamine core and either naphthalimides or 4-(5-hexyl-2,2'-bithiophene)naphthalimides as second chromophore in the periphery. The lateral chromophores are attached to the core via an amide linkage and a short alkyl spacer. The synthetic approach demonstrates a straightforward functionalization strategy for carbonyl-bridged triarylamines. Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic investigations of these compounds, in combination with three reference compounds, provide clear evidence for energy transfer in both multichromophoric compounds. The direction of the energy transfer depends on the lateral chromophore used. Furthermore, the compound bearing the lateral 4-(bithiophene)naphthaimides is capable of forming fluorescent gels at very low concentrations in the sub-millimolar regime whilst retaining its energy transfer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T Haedler
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, Bayreuther Institut für Makromolekülforschung (BIMF) and Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth (Germany), Fax: (+49) 921-55-3206
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22
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Haverkort F, Stradomska A, Knoester J. First-Principles Simulations of the Initial Phase of Self-Aggregation of a Cyanine Dye: Structure and Optical Spectra. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8877-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5049277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Haverkort
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Stradomska
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Clark KA, Krueger EL, Vanden Bout DA. Direct Measurement of Energy Migration in Supramolecular Carbocyanine Dye Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2274-82. [PMID: 26279546 DOI: 10.1021/jz500634f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exciton transport lengths in double-walled and bundled cylindrical 3,3'-bis- (2-sulfopropyl)-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1'-dioctylbenzimida-carbocyanine (C8S3) J-aggregates were measured using direct imaging of fluorescence from individual aggregates deposited on solid substrates. Regions identified in confocal images were excited with a focused laser spot, and the resulting fluorescence emission was imaged onto an electron multiplying charged coupled device camera. A two-dimensional Gaussian fitting scheme was used to quantitatively compare the excitation beam profile to the broadened aggregate emission profiles. The double-walled tubes exhibit average exciton transport lengths of 140 nm, while exciton transport in the bundled nanotubes was found to be remarkably long, with distances reaching many hundreds of nanometers. A steady-state one-dimensional diffusion model for the broadening of the emission profiles yields diffusion coefficients of 120 nm(2) ps(-1) for the nanotubes and 7000 nm(2) ps(-1) for the aggregate bundles. The level of structural hierarchy dramatically affects the exciton transport capabilities in these artificial light-harvesting systems, and energy migration is not limited to a single dimension in J-aggregate bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emma L Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - David A Vanden Bout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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24
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Issac A, Hildner R, Hippius C, Würthner F, Köhler J. Stepwise decrease of fluorescence versus sequential photobleaching in a single multichromophoric system. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1708-1717. [PMID: 24444041 DOI: 10.1021/nn4060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For individual molecules from the newly synthesized calix[4]arene tethered perylene bisimide (PBI) trimer, we studied the emitted fluorescence intensity as a function of time. Owing to the zigzag arrangement of PBI dyes in these trimers, the polarization state of the emission provides directly information about the emitting subunit within the trimer. Interestingly, we observed emission from all neutral subunits within a trimer rather than exclusively from the subunit with the lowest site energy. This can be understood in terms of thermally activated uphill energy transfer that repopulates the higher energetic chromophores. Together with the simultaneously recorded polarization-resolved emission spectra, this reveals that the emission from a multichromophoric system is governed by a complex interplay between the temporal variations of the photophysical parameters of the subunits, bidirectional hopping processes within the trimer, and unavoidable photobleaching. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the typically observed stepwise decrease of the signal from a multichromophoric system does not necessarily reflect sequential bleaching of the individual chromophores within the macromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abey Issac
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research (BIMF), University of Bayreuth , 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Haverkort F, Stradomska A, de Vries AH, Knoester J. First-principles calculation of the optical properties of an amphiphilic cyanine dye aggregate. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:1012-23. [PMID: 24422675 DOI: 10.1021/jp4112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a first-principles approach, we calculate electronic and optical properties of molecular aggregates of the dye amphi-pseudoisocyanine, whose structures we obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the self-aggregation process. Using quantum chemistry methods, we translate the structural information into an effective time-dependent Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian for the dominant optical transitions in the aggregate. This Hamiltonian is used to calculate the absorption spectrum. Detailed analysis of the dynamic fluctuations in the molecular transition energies and intermolecular excitation transfer interactions in this Hamiltonian allows us to elucidate the origin of the relevant time scales; short time scales, on the order of up to a few hundreds of femtoseconds, result from internal motions of the dye molecules, while the longer (a few picosecond) time scales we ascribe to environmental motions. The absorption spectra of the aggregate structures obtained from MD feature a blue-shifted peak compared to that of the monomer; thus, our aggregates can be classified as H-aggregates, although considerable oscillator strength is carried by states along the entire exciton band. Comparison to the experimental absorption spectrum of amphi-PIC aggregates shows that the simulated line shape is too wide, pointing to too much disorder in the internal structure of the simulated aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Haverkort
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Liang W, He S, Fang J. Self-assembly of J-aggregate nanotubes and their applications for sensing dopamine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:805-811. [PMID: 24397785 DOI: 10.1021/la404022q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
J-aggregates are an attractive supramolecular structure with interesting excitation properties found in the light-harvesting antenna of green sulfur bacteria. To structurally mimic the light-harvesting antenna, we synthesize J-aggregate nanotubes with a sharp and intense absorption band (J-band) by the coassembly of lithocholic acid (LCA) and 3,3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3(5)) in aqueous solution. We show that the J-aggregate nanotubes can be used as a supramolecular probe for the sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution with the detection limit of ∼0.4 nM by simply observing the intensity change of the J-band due to the efficient photoinduced electron transfer from the J-aggregate nanotubes to the adsorbed DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilang Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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27
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Haverkort F, Stradomska A, de Vries AH, Knoester J. Investigating the Structure of Aggregates of an Amphiphilic Cyanine Dye with Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:5857-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4005696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Haverkort
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Stradomska
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H. de Vries
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences
and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced
Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Jendrny M, Aartsma TJ, Köhler J. Fluorescence Excitation Spectra from Individual Chlorosomes of the Green Sulfur Bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3745-3750. [PMID: 26291105 DOI: 10.1021/jz301808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed polarization-resolved fluorescence excitation spectroscopy on individual chlorosomes from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. The experiments were conducted at room temperature and under cryogenic conditions. All spectra showed a strong intensity modulation as a function of the polarization of the incident radiation, and we determined the modulation ratio as a function of the excitation energy. Under ambient conditions this ratio shows only little variation across the absorption band, whereas the low-temperature experiments clearly revealed that the broad absorption band around 740 nm consists of several spectral contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jendrny
- †Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thijs J Aartsma
- ‡Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- †Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research (BIMF), Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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29
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Utilizing redox-chemistry to elucidate the nature of exciton transitions in supramolecular dye nanotubes. Nat Chem 2012; 4:655-62. [PMID: 22824898 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies that interact with light have recently garnered much interest as well-defined nanoscale materials for electronic excitation energy collection and transport. However, to control such complex systems it is essential to understand how their various parts interact and whether these interactions result in coherently shared excited states (excitons) or in diffusive energy transport between them. Here, we address this by studying a model system consisting of two concentric cylindrical dye aggregates in a light-harvesting nanotube. Through selective chemistry we are able to unambiguously determine the supramolecular origin of the observed excitonic transitions. These results required the development of a new theoretical model of the supramolecular structure of the assembly. Our results demonstrate that the two cylinders of the nanotube have distinct spectral responses and are best described as two separate, weakly coupled excitonic systems. Understanding such interactions is critical to the control of energy transfer on a molecular scale, a goal in various applications ranging from artificial photosynthesis to molecular electronics.
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30
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Bloemsma EA, Knoester J. Photon emission statistics and photon tracking in single-molecule spectroscopy of molecular aggregates: dimers and trimers. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:224507. [PMID: 22713057 DOI: 10.1063/1.4719210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the generating function formalism, we investigate broadband photon statistics of emission for single dimers and trimers driven by a continuous monochromatic laser field. In particular, we study the first and second moments of the emission statistics, which are the fluorescence excitation line shape and Mandel's Q parameter. Numerical results for this line shape and the Q parameter versus laser frequency in the limit of long measurement times are obtained. We show that in the limit of small Rabi frequencies and laser frequencies close to resonance with one of the one-exciton states, the results for the line shape and Q parameter reduce to those of a two-level monomer. For laser frequencies halfway the transition frequency of a two-exciton state, the photon bunching effect associated with two-photon absorption processes is observed. This super-Poissonian peak is characterized in terms of the ratio between the two-photon absorption line shape and the underlying two-level monomer line shapes. Upon increasing the Rabi frequency, the Q parameter shows a transition from super- to sub- to super-Poissonian statistics. Results of broadband photon statistics are also discussed in the context of a transition (frequency) resolved photon detection scheme, photon tracking, which provides a greater insight in the different physical processes that occur in the multi-level systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bloemsma
- Centre for Theoretical Physics and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Xie Z, Stepanenko V, Radacki K, Würthner F. Chiral J-Aggregates of Atropo-Enantiomeric Perylene Bisimides and Their Self-Sorting Behavior. Chemistry 2012; 18:7060-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Tian Y, Stepanenko V, Kaiser TE, Würthner F, Scheblykin IG. Reorganization of perylene bisimide J-aggregates: from delocalized collective to localized individual excitations. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:218-223. [PMID: 22075846 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10973a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water-induced reorganization of individual one-dimensional J-aggregates of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence spectra and decay kinetics of individual J-aggregates immobilized on glass surfaces were measured under a dry nitrogen atmosphere and under humid conditions. The fluorescence properties of PBI J-aggregates arisen from collective excitons under dry nitrogen atmosphere were changed to those of non-interacting dye monomers when water vapor was introduced into the environment (sample chamber). Time-dependent changes of the fluorescence spectra and lifetimes upon exposure to water vapor suggest an initial coordination of water molecules at defect sites leading to the formation of H-type dimer units that act as exciton quenchers, and a subsequent slower disintegration of the hydrogen-bonded J-aggregate into monomers that lack resonance coupling. Our present studies resulted in a direct demonstration of how drastically the optical properties of molecular ensembles and characteristics of their excited states can be changed by delicate reorganization of dye molecules at nanometre scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Tian
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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33
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Fluorescence behavior of individual charge-transfer complexes revealed by single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy: Influence of the host polymer matrix. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Issac A, Hildner R, Ernst D, Hippius C, Würthner F, Köhler J. Single molecule studies of calix[4]arene-linked perylene bisimide dimers: relationship between blinking, lifetime and/or spectral fluctuations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10789-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41250k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Spreitler F, Sommer M, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. Conformational dynamics of di-(perylene bisimide acrylate) and its footprints in steady-state, time-resolved, and fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7971-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Sakakibara K, Hill JP, Ariga K. Thin-film-based nanoarchitectures for soft matter: controlled assemblies into two-dimensional worlds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1288-308. [PMID: 21506267 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the organization of molecular building blocks at the nanometer level is of utmost importance, not only from the viewpoint of scientific curiosity, but also for the development of next-generation organic devices with electrical, optical, chemical, or biological functions. Self-assembly offers great potential for the manufacture of nanoarchitectures (nanostructures and nanopatterns) over large areas by using low-energy and inexpensive spontaneous processes. However, self-assembled structures in 3D media, such as solutions or solids, are not easily incorporated into current device-oriented nanotechnology. The scope of this review is therefore to introduce the expanding methodology for the construction of thin-film-based nanoarchitectures on solid surfaces and to try to address a general concept with emphasis on the availability of dynamic interfaces for the creation and manipulation of nanoarchitectures. In this review, the strategies for the construction of nanostructures, the control and manipulation of nanopatterns, and the application of nanoarchitectures are described; the construction strategies are categorized into three classes: i) π-conjugated molecular assembly in two dimensions, ii) bio-directed molecular assembly on surfaces, and iii) recent thin-film preparation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sakakibara
- World Premier International Research Center for Materials, Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregate: von ihrer zufälligen Entdeckung bis zum gezielten supramolekularen Aufbau funktioneller Farbstoffmaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregates: From Serendipitous Discovery to Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Dye Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3376-410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1790] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stradomska A, Knoester J. Shape of the Q band in the absorption spectra of porphyrin nanotubes: Vibronic coupling or exciton effects? J Chem Phys 2011; 133:094701. [PMID: 20831327 DOI: 10.1063/1.3481654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorption and linear dichroism spectra of self-assembled tubular aggregates of TPPS(4) porphyrin are studied theoretically with special emphasis on the low energy part of the spectra (the Q band region) where the coupling with intramolecular vibrations is pronounced. The model Hamiltonian includes both the excitonic coupling between four molecular electronic excited states contributing to the porphyrin Q and B bands as well as the intermediate-strength linear exciton-phonon coupling to one effective high-frequency molecular vibrational mode. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental spectra is obtained. The results allow us to identify the nature of the peaks observed in the Q band region of the aggregate's absorption spectrum; we show that the two most prominent peaks within the Q band originate from two different excitonic subbands. It is shown that the coupling between the Q and B bands plays an important role and the vibronic coupling affects the details of the absorption lineshape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stradomska
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, AG Groningen 9747, The Netherlands.
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40
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Giansante C, Raffy G, Schäfer C, Rahma H, Kao MT, Olive AGL, Del Guerzo A. White-Light-Emitting Self-Assembled NanoFibers and Their Evidence by Microspectroscopy of Individual Objects. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:316-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106807u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giansante
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
| | - Guillaume Raffy
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
| | - Christian Schäfer
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
| | - Hakim Rahma
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
| | - Min-Tzu Kao
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
| | - Alexandre G. L. Olive
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
| | - André Del Guerzo
- Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, NEO Nanostructures Organiques, 351 crs de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cédex, France
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41
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Choi SH, Risko C, Delgado MCR, Kim B, Brédas JL, Frisbie CD. Transition from Tunneling to Hopping Transport in Long, Conjugated Oligo-imine Wires Connected to Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:4358-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910547c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Chad Risko
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - C. Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Lin H, Camacho R, Tian Y, Kaiser TE, Würthner F, Scheblykin IG. Collective fluorescence blinking in linear J-aggregates assisted by long-distance exciton migration. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:620-6. [PMID: 20043661 DOI: 10.1021/nl9036559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence blinking corresponding to collective quenching of up to 100 dye monomers is reported for individual J-aggregates of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye. This implies an exciton diffusion length up to 70 nm in these one-dimensional assemblies. The number of quenched monomers was directly measured by comparing the fluorescence brightness of the J-aggregates with that of noncoupled PBI molecules. This brightness analysis technique is useful for unraveling photophysical parameters of any individual fluorescent nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Lin
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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Ernst D, Hildner R, Hippius C, Würthner F, Köhler J. Photoblinking dynamics in single calix[4]arene-linked perylene bisimide dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Hofmann CC, Bauer P, Haque SA, Thelakkat M, Köhler J. Energy- and charge-transfer processes in flexible organic donor-acceptor dyads. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:144512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3245955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Eisele DM, Knoester J, Kirstein S, Rabe JP, Vanden Bout DA. Uniform exciton fluorescence from individual molecular nanotubes immobilized on solid substrates. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:658-663. [PMID: 19809457 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled quasi one-dimensional nanostructures of pi-conjugated molecules may find a use in devices owing to their intriguing optoelectronic properties, which include sharp exciton transitions, strong circular dichroism, high exciton mobilities and photoconductivity. However, many applications require immobilization of these nanostructures on a solid substrate, which is a challenge to achieve without destroying their delicate supramolecular structure. Here, we use a drop-flow technique to immobilize double-walled tubular J-aggregates of amphiphilic cyanine dyes without affecting their morphological or optical properties. High-resolution images of the topography and exciton fluorescence of individual J-aggregates are obtained simultaneously with polarization-resolved near-field scanning optical microscopy. These images show remarkably uniform supramolecular structure, both along individual nanotubes and between nanotubes in an ensemble, demonstrating their potential for light harvesting and energy transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe M Eisele
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15 D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Walker BJ, Nair GP, Marshall LF, Bulović V, Bawendi MG. Narrow-band absorption-enhanced quantum dot/J-aggregate conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9624-5. [PMID: 19548672 DOI: 10.1021/ja902813q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report narrow-band absorption enhancement of semiconductor nanocrystals via Förster resonance energy transfer from cyanine J-aggregates. These J-aggregated dyes associate electrostatically with short quantum-dot (QD) surface ligands in solution. Energy transfer efficiencies approach unity for this light sensitization and result in a 5-fold enhancement in the QD excitation near the J-aggregate absorption maximum. Because a thin layer of J-aggregates attenuates the same amount of light (at peak absorbance) as a far thicker film of monomer dye, these absorption-enhanced materials may have applications in light-sensitizing applications such as photodetection and optical down-conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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47
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Körzdörfer T, Tretiak S, Kümmel S. Fluorescence quenching in an organic donor-acceptor dyad: A first principles study. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:034310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3160666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Grinyov RS, Sorokin AV, Gural’chuk GY, Efimova SL, Borovoi IA, Malyukin YV. Study of exciton transport in luminescent molecular nanoclusters using energy traps. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-009-9064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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49
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Klugkist JA, Malyshev VA, Knoester J. Scaling and universality in the optics of disordered exciton chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:216403. [PMID: 18518623 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.216403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The joint probability distribution of exciton energies and transition dipole moments determines a variety of optical observables in disordered exciton systems. We demonstrate numerically that this distribution obeys a one-parameter scaling, originating from the fact that both the energy and the dipole moment are determined by the number of coherently bound molecules. A universal underlying distribution is found, which is identical for uncorrelated Gaussian disorder in the molecular transition energies or in the intermolecular transfer interactions. The universality breaks down for disorder in the transfer interactions resulting from variations in the molecular positions. We suggest the possibility to probe the joint distribution by means of single-molecule spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Klugkist
- Centre for Theoretical Physics and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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50
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Lang E, Hildner R, Engelke H, Osswald P, Würthner F, Köhler J. Comparison of the Photophysical Parameters for Three Perylene Bisimide Derivatives by Single-Molecule Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1487-96. [PMID: 17526040 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the photophysical parameters for three perylene bisimide derivatives is presented. We exploited time-resolved and steady-state spectroscopy on both ensembles and single molecules under ambient as well as cryogenic (1.4 K) conditions. The finding is that these chromophores show extraordinary high fluorescence-emission rates, low intersystem crossing yields to the triplet state, and relatively short triplet lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Lang
- Experimental Physics IV and BIMF, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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