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Krywko-Cendrowska A, di Leone S, Bina M, Yorulmaz-Avsar S, Palivan CG, Meier W. Recent Advances in Hybrid Biomimetic Polymer-Based Films: from Assembly to Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1003. [PMID: 32357541 PMCID: PMC7285097 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, in addition to being a cell boundary, can host a variety of proteins that are involved in different biological functions, including selective nutrient transport, signal transduction, inter- and intra-cellular communication, and cell-cell recognition. Due to their extreme complexity, there has been an increasing interest in developing model membrane systems of controlled properties based on combinations of polymers and different biomacromolecules, i.e., polymer-based hybrid films. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in the development and applications of hybrid biomimetic planar systems based on different polymeric species. We have focused in particular on hybrid films based on (i) polyelectrolytes, (ii) polymer brushes, as well as (iii) tethers and cushions formed from synthetic polymers, and (iv) block copolymers and their combinations with biomacromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, enzymes, biopolymers, and chosen nanoparticles. In this respect, multiple approaches to the synthesis, characterization, and processing of such hybrid films have been presented. The review has further exemplified their bioengineering, biomedical, and environmental applications, in dependence on the composition and properties of the respective hybrids. We believed that this comprehensive review would be of interest to both the specialists in the field of biomimicry as well as persons entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.-C.); (S.d.L.); (M.B.); (S.Y.-A.)
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.-C.); (S.d.L.); (M.B.); (S.Y.-A.)
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Scheffler K, Bilz NC, Brueckner M, Stanifer ML, Boulant S, Claus C, Reibetanz U. Enhanced Uptake and Endosomal Release of LbL Microcarriers Functionalized with Reversible Fusion Proteins. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1553-1567. [PMID: 35021646 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficient application of smart drug-delivery systems requires further improvement of their cellular uptake and in particular their release from endolysosomal compartments into the cytoplasm of target cells. The usage of virus proteins allows for such developments, as viruses have evolved efficient entry mechanisms into the cell, mediated by their fusion proteins. In our investigations, the transferability of the glycoprotein G which is a fusion protein of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G) onto the surface of a layer-by-layer (LbL) designed microcarrier was investigated. The assembly of VSV-G as a reversible viral fusion protein onto LbL microcarriers indeed induced an enhanced uptake rate on Vero cells as well as a fast and efficient release of the intact carriers from endolysosomes into the cytoplasm. Additionally, neither virus-associated effects on cellular viability nor activation of an interferon response were detected. Our study emphasizes the suitability of VSV-G as an efficient surface functionalization of drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Scheffler
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole C Bilz
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Brueckner
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Megan L Stanifer
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller Research Group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Group "Cellular Polarity and Viral Infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Reibetanz
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Luckanagul JA, Rojsitthisak P, Wang Q. Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:666-679. [PMID: 30295307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of enveloped viruses including nanometer size, consistent morphology, narrow size distribution, versatile functionality and biocompatibility have attracted attention from scientists to develop enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of the viral-based nanoparticles include vaccine development, imaging and targeted drug delivery. The modification of the structural elements of enveloped viruses is necessary for the desired functions. Here, we review the chemical approaches that have been utilized to develop bionanomaterials based on enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. We first provide an overview of the structures of enveloped viruses which are composed of nucleic acids, structural and functional proteins, glycan residues and lipid envelope. The methods for modification, including direct conjugation, metabolic incorporation of functional groups and peptide tag insertion, are described based on the biomolecular types of viral components. Layer-by-layer technology is also included in this review to illustrate the non-covalent modification of enveloped viruses. Then, we further elaborate the applications of chemically-modified enveloped viruses, virus-like particles and viral subcomponents in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Brueckner M, Scheffler K, Reibetanz U. Enhanced cytoplasmic release of drug delivery systems: chloroquine as a multilayer and template constituent of layer-by-layer microcarriers. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5153-5163. [PMID: 32254542 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01202d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and microcarriers as vehicles for active agents are applied to support them to reach their target in a defined, specific, and protected way. This implies not only a safe transport of agents towards the desired cell type or tissue but also the intracellular processing of the carrier: in particular, release of the incorporated carriers into the cytoplasm is a prerequisite for the successful subsequent delivery of most active agents and is often impeded by endolysosomal degenerative enzymes. We address this issue by using the layer-by-layer strategy of carrier assembly offering the opportunity to independently integrate and carry active agents but also specific agents preventing endolysosomal acidification. The weak base chloroquine (CQ) was investigated as a multilayer, template and capsule constituent regarding its ability to delay endolysosomal acidification and prolong the tolerable time frame in endolysosomes, which allows the carrier to finally escape into the cytoplasm. As a model and reporter active agent, plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein was used as a multilayer-assembly component to illustrate the cytoplasmic release of the intact carrier by final expression of the green fluorescent protein. Integrating CQ into the carrier, GFP expression could be strongly increased and a transfection efficiency of up to 20% could be obtained. This represents a very high transfection rate for a drug delivery system reached by only one additional reagent that has no further influence on the activity of the transported drug and cell viability, offering a significantly enhanced delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Brueckner
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
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Zhao F, Holmberg JP, Abbas Z, Frost R, Sirkka T, Kasemo B, Hassellöv M, Svedhem S. TiO2 nanoparticle interactions with supported lipid membranes – an example of removal of membrane patches. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Different levels of model systems are needed for effect studies of engineered nanoparticles and the development of nanoparticle structure–activity relationships in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Dept. of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Jenny Perez Holmberg
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Zareen Abbas
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Rickard Frost
- Dept. of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Tora Sirkka
- Dept. of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Bengt Kasemo
- Dept. of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Martin Hassellöv
- Dept. of Chemistry and Molecular Biology
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Sofia Svedhem
- Dept. of Applied Physics
- Chalmers University of Technology
- SE-412 96 Göteborg
- Sweden
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Romero G, Sanz DJ, Qiu Y, Yu D, Mao Z, Gao C, Moya SE. Lipid layer engineering of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to control their uptake and intracellular co-localisation. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2252-2259. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Luo R, Neu B, Venkatraman SS. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles to control cell interactions and drug release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2585-94. [PMID: 22674655 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles made from poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are used to deliver a wide range of bioactive molecules, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study investigates the surface modification of PLGA nanoparticles via the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of polyelectrolytes, and the effects of these coatings on the release behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolytic activity, and cellular uptake efficiency. PLGA nanoparticles are modified via LbL adsorption of two polyelectrolyte pairs: 1) poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and 2) poly(L-lysine hydrobromide) (PLL) and dextran sulfate (DES). It is demonstrated that both PAH/PSS and PLL/DES coatings suppress the burst release usually observed for unmodified PLGA nanoparticles and that the release behavior can be adjusted by changing the layer numbers, layer materials, or by crosslinking the layer constituents. Neither bare nor polyelectrolyte-modified PLGA nanoparticles show any signs of cytotoxicity. However, nanoparticles with a positively charged polyelectrolyte as the outermost layer induce hemolysis, whereas uncoated particles or particles with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte as the outermost layer show no hemolytic activity. Furthermore, particles with either PAH or PLL as the outermost layer also demonstrate a higher uptake efficiency by L929 fibroblast cells, due to a higher cell-particle affinity. This study suggests that LbL coating of PLGA nanoparticles can control the release behavior of bioactive molecules as well as the surface activity, therefore providing a promising strategy to enhance the efficiency of nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcong Luo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
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Reibetanz U, Chen MHA, Mutukumaraswamy S, Liaw ZY, Oh BHL, Donath E, Neu B. Functionalization of Calcium Carbonate Microparticles as a Combined Sensor and Transport System for Active Agents in Cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1845-59. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x528552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Uta Reibetanz
- a Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 70 Nanyang Avenue, 637457 Singapore; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Min Hui Averil Chen
- b Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 70 Nanyang Avenue, 637457 Singapore
| | - Shaillender Mutukumaraswamy
- c Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 70 Nanyang Avenue, 637457 Singapore
| | - Zi Yen Liaw
- d Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 70 Nanyang Avenue, 637457 Singapore
| | - Bernice Hui Lin Oh
- e Division of Bioengineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 70 Nanyang Avenue, 637457 Singapore
| | - Edwin Donath
- f Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Björn Neu
- g Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16–18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Liu Z, Qiao J, Niu Z, Wang Q. Natural supramolecular building blocks: from virus coat proteins to viral nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6178-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35108k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Drug-loaded polyelectrolyte microcapsules for sustained targeting of cancer cells. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:847-64. [PMID: 21620912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review we will overview novel nanotechnological nanocarrier systems for cancer therapy focusing on recent development in polyelectrolyte capsules for targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs against cancer cells. Biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMCs) are supramolecular assemblies of particular interest for therapeutic purposes, as they can be enzymatically degraded into viable cells, under physiological conditions. Incorporation of small bioactive molecules into nano-to-microscale delivery systems may increase drug's bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy at single cell level giving desirable targeted therapy. Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled PMCs are efficient microcarriers that maximize drug's exposure enhancing antitumor activity of neoplastic drug in cancer cells. They can be envisaged as novel multifunctional carriers for resistant or relapsed patients or for reducing dose escalation in clinical settings.
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Gao J, Reibetanz U, Venkatraman S, Neu B. Biofunctionalization of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules with Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol-Grafted Liposomes. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1079-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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De Cock LJ, De Koker S, De Geest BG, Grooten J, Vervaet C, Remon JP, Sukhorukov GB, Antipina MN. Wirkstoffverabreichung mithilfe polymerer Mehrschichtkapseln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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De Cock LJ, De Koker S, De Geest BG, Grooten J, Vervaet C, Remon JP, Sukhorukov GB, Antipina MN. Polymeric Multilayer Capsules in Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:6954-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wang X, Deng Y, Shi H, Mei Z, Zhao H, Xiong W, Liu P, Zhao Y, Qin C, Tang R. Functional single-virus-polyelectrolyte hybrids make large-scale applications of viral nanoparticles more efficient. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:351-4. [PMID: 20077422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200901795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P R China
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Boudou T, Crouzier T, Ren K, Blin G, Picart C. Multiple functionalities of polyelectrolyte multilayer films: new biomedical applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:441-67. [PMID: 20217734 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The design of advanced functional materials with nanometer- and micrometer-scale control over their properties is of considerable interest for both fundamental and applied studies because of the many potential applications for these materials in the fields of biomedical materials, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. The layer-by-layer deposition technique introduced in the early 1990s by Decher, Moehwald, and Lvov is a versatile technique, which has attracted an increasing number of researchers in recent years due to its wide range of advantages for biomedical applications: ease of preparation under "mild" conditions compatible with physiological media, capability of incorporating bioactive molecules, extra-cellular matrix components and biopolymers in the films, tunable mechanical properties, and spatio-temporal control over film organization. The last few years have seen a significant increase in reports exploring the possibilities offered by diffusing molecules into films to control their internal structures or design "reservoirs," as well as control their mechanical properties. Such properties, associated with the chemical properties of films, are particularly important for designing biomedical devices that contain bioactive molecules. In this review, we highlight recent work on designing and controlling film properties at the nanometer and micrometer scales with a view to developing new biomaterial coatings, tissue engineered constructs that could mimic in vivo cellular microenvironments, and stem cell "niches."
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boudou
- Grenoble-INP, LMGP-MINATEC, CNRS UMR 5628 3, Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France
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De Geest BG, Sukhorukov GB, Möhwald H. The pros and cons of polyelectrolyte capsules in drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:613-24. [DOI: 10.1517/17425240902980162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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He Q, Cui Y, Li J. Molecular assembly and application of biomimetic microcapsules. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2292-303. [PMID: 19623351 DOI: 10.1039/b816475b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of multifunctional biomimetic microcapsules at the molecular level is of tremendous interest for biophysical research and the biomedical field. Among the available molecular assembly techniques, layer-by-layer assembly has attracted extensive attention for the fabrication of biomimetic microcapsules because it possesses engineered features including size, shape, thickness, composition and permeation, and the capability of incorporating different types of biomolecules. In this tutorial review, we highlight how biomimetic microcapsules can be fabricated by directly applying lipids and proteins as assembly pairs and how layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolyte microcapsules can be interfaced with biological components such as phospholipid membranes and proteins. The applications of these biomimetic microcapsules in drug delivery, biosensors, and hybrid nanodevices are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Park JS, Cho MK, Lee EJ, Ahn KY, Lee KE, Jung JH, Cho Y, Han SS, Kim YK, Lee J. A highly sensitive and selective diagnostic assay based on virus nanoparticles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:259-264. [PMID: 19350038 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of the protein marker troponin I in patients with a higher risk of acute myocardial infarction can reduce the risk of death from heart attacks. Most troponin assays are currently based on the conventional enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and have detection limits in the nano- and picomolar range. Here, we show that by combining viral nanoparticles, which are engineered to have dual affinity for troponin antibodies and nickel, with three-dimensional nanostructures including nickel nanohairs, we can detect troponin levels in human serum samples that are six to seven orders of magnitude lower than those detectable using conventional enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. The viral nanoparticle helps to orient the antibodies for maximum capture of the troponin markers. High densities of antibodies on the surfaces of the nanoparticles and nanohairs lead to greater binding of the troponin markers, which significantly enhances detection sensitivities. The nickel nanohairs are re-useable and can reproducibly differentiate healthy serum from unhealthy ones. We expect other viral nanoparticles to form similar highly sensitive diagnostic assays for a variety of other protein markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong 5-1, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Viruses have recently proven useful for the detection of target analytes such as explosives, proteins, bacteria, viruses, spores, and toxins with high selectivity and sensitivity. Bacteriophages (often shortened to phages), viruses that specifically infect bacteria, are currently the most studied viruses, mainly because target-specific nonlytic phages (and the peptides and proteins carried by them) can be identified by using the well-established phage display technique, and lytic phages can specifically break bacteria to release cell-specific marker molecules such as enzymes that can be assayed. In addition, phages have good chemical and thermal stability, and can be conjugated with nanomaterials and immobilized on a transducer surface in an analytical device. This Review focuses on progress made in the use of phages in chemical and biological sensors in combination with traditional analytical techniques. Recent progress in the use of virus-nanomaterial composites and other viruses in sensing applications is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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Lee H, Larson RG. Lipid bilayer curvature and pore formation induced by charged linear polymers and dendrimers: the effect of molecular shape. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12279-85. [PMID: 18767788 PMCID: PMC2657094 DOI: 10.1021/jp805026m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of multiple copies of poly- l-lysine (PLL) and charged polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) bilayers with explicit water using the coarse-grained model developed by Marrink et al. ( J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2008, 4, 819 ). Membrane disruption is enhanced at higher concentrations and charge densities of both spheroidally shaped dendrimers and linear PLL polymers, in qualitatively agreement with experimental studies by Hong et al. (Bioconjugate Chem. 2006, 17, 728 ). However, larger molecular size enhances membrane disruption and pore formation only for dendrimers and not for the linear PLL. Despite more intimate electrostatic interactions of linear molecules than are possible for spheroidal dendrimers, only the dendrimers were found to perforate membranes, apparently because they cannot spread onto a single leaflet, and so must penetrate the bilayer to get favorable electrostatic interactions with head groups on the opposite leaflet. These results indicate that a relatively rigid spheroidal shape is more efficient than a flexible linear shape in increasing membrane permeability. These results compare favorably with experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwankyu Lee
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Li T, Niu Z, Emrick T, Russell TP, Wang Q. Core/shell biocomposites from the hierarchical assembly of bionanoparticles and polymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2008; 4:1624-1629. [PMID: 18819135 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Nanocenter, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Steinmetz NF, Findlay KC, Noel TR, Parker R, Lomonossoff GP, Evans DJ. Layer-by-layer assembly of viral nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes: the film architecture is different for spheres versus rods. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1662-70. [PMID: 18536062 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development of tuneable thin film assemblies that contain (bio)nanoparticles is an emerging field in nanobiosciences/nanotechnology. Our research focuses on the utilisation of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) as tools and building blocks for materials science. In previous reports we studied multilayered arrays of chemically modified cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) particles and linker molecules. To extend these studies and to gain more insights into the architecture of the arrays, we report here on the construction of multilayered assemblies of native plant viral particles and polyelectrolytes. We specifically addressed the question of whether the shape of the VNPs influences the overall structures of the arrays. To study this, we have chosen two particles with similar surface properties but different shapes: CPMV was used as a sphere-like VNP, and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) served as a rod-shaped VNP. The multilayers were self-assembled on solid supports through electrostatic interactions. Multilayer build-up was followed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the topologies of the thin films. Our studies show that shape indeed matters. Incorporation of CPMV in alternating arrays of VNPs and polyelectrolytes is demonstrated; in stark contrast, TMV particles were found to be excluded from the arrays, and floated atop the architecture in an ordered structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR47UH, UK.
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Layer-by-layer assembly of viral capsid for cell adhesion. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:838-43. [PMID: 18387348 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-based thin films are biologically active for cell culture. Using layer-by-layer assembly of CPMV and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), quantitatively scalable biomolecular surfaces were constructed, which were well characterized using quartz crystal microbalance, UV-vis and atomic force microscopy. The surface coverage of CPMV nanoparticles depended on the adsorption time and pH of the virus solution, with a greater amount of CPMV adsorption occurring near its isoelectric point. It was found that the adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts can be controlled by the coverage of viral particles using this multilayer technique.
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Rong J, Lee LA, Li K, Harp B, Mello CM, Niu Z, Wang Q. Oriented cell growth on self-assembled bacteriophage M13 thin films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5185-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b811039e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schwiertz J, Meyer-Zaika W, Ruiz-Gonzalez L, González-Calbet JM, Vallet-Regí M, Epple M. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as templates for nanocapsules prepared by the layer-by-layer technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b803609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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