1
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Piwoński H, Szczepski K, Jaremko M, Jaremko Ł, Habuchi S. Shielding Effects Provide a Dominant Mechanism in J-Aggregation-Induced Photoluminescence Enhancement of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16496-16507. [PMID: 38617658 PMCID: PMC11007775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The unique photophysical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit great potential for bioimaging applications. This led to extensive exploration of photosensitization methods to improve their faint shortwave infrared (SWIR) photoluminescence. Here, we report the mechanisms of SWCNT-assisted J-aggregation of cyanine dyes and the associated photoluminescence enhancement of SWCNTs in the SWIR spectral region. Surprisingly, we found that excitation energy transfer between the cyanine dyes and SWCNTs makes a negligible contribution to the overall photoluminescence enhancement. Instead, the shielding of SWCNTs from the surrounding water molecules through hydrogen bond-assisted macromolecular reorganization of ionic surfactants triggered by counterions and the physisorption of the dye molecules on the side walls of SWCNTs play a primary role in the photoluminescence enhancement of SWCNTs. We observed 2 orders of magnitude photoluminescence enhancement of SWCNTs by optimizing these factors. Our findings suggest that the proper shielding of SWCNTs is the critical factor for their photoluminescence enhancement, which has important implications for their application as imaging agents in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Piwoński
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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3
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Kitamura M, Umemura K. Hybridization of papain molecules and DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes evaluated by atomic force microscopy in fluids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4833. [PMID: 36964258 PMCID: PMC10039081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and biomolecules, such as nanobiosensors and nanobiodevices, have been reported, the conjugation of papain and SWNTs have not been reported because of the formation of unexpected aggregates. In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid was used to investigate the interactions between papain and DNA-wrapped SWNTs (DNA-SWNTs) at two different pH values (pH 3.0 and 10.5). The direct AFM observation of the mixture of papain and DNA-SWNTs confirmed the aggregation of papain molecules with DNA-SWNTs in the buffer solutions. The numerous and non-uniform adsorption of papain molecules onto DNA-SWNTs was more pronounced at pH 3.0 than that at pH 10.5. Furthermore, thick conjugates appeared when papain and DNA-SWNTs were simultaneously mixed. The near-infrared photoluminescence spectra of the SWNTs drastically changed when the papain molecules were injected into the DNA-SWNT suspension at pH 3.0. Thus, the regulation of electrostatic interactions is a key aspect in preparing optimal conjugates of papain and DNA-SWNTs. Furthermore, although previous papers reported AFM images of dried samples, this study demonstrates the potential of AFM in liquid in evaluating individual bioconjugates of SWNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kitamura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 1628601, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, 1628601, Japan
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4
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Kurnosov N, Karachevtsev V. Observation of hole doping of metallic carbon nanotubes contained in unsorted species by Raman spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Carbon Nanotube and Its Derived Nanomaterials Based High Performance Biosensing Platform. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090731. [PMID: 36140116 PMCID: PMC9496036 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of an accurate diagnosis and monitoring of diseases became a more important issue. In order to fabricate high-performance and sensitive biosensors, many researchers and scientists have used many kinds of nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, quantum dots (QDs), and carbon nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Among them, CNTs have been considered important biosensing channel candidates due to their excellent physical properties such as high electrical conductivity, strong mechanical properties, plasmonic properties, and so on. Thus, in this review, CNT-based biosensing systems are introduced and various sensing approaches such as electrochemical, optical, and electrical methods are reported. Moreover, such biosensing platforms showed excellent sensitivity and high selectivity against not only viruses but also virus DNA structures. So, based on the amazing potential of CNTs-based biosensing systems, healthcare and public health can be significantly improved.
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6
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Lin NS, Kitamura M, Saito M, Hirayama K, Ide Y, Umemura K. Distinguishing Antioxidant Molecules with Near-Infrared Photoluminescence of DNA-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28896-28903. [PMID: 36033714 PMCID: PMC9404167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two biomolecule solutions were distinguished using the capacity difference in the near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Biosensing techniques using sensitive responses of SWNTs have been intensively studied. When a small amount of an oxidant or reductant solution was injected into the SWNT suspensions, the PL intensity of the SWNTs is significantly changed. However, distinguishing between different molecules remains challenging. In this study, we comparably injected saponin and banana solutions, which are known antioxidant chemicals, into an SWNT suspension. The SWNTs were solubilized by wrapping them with DNA molecules. The results show that 69.1 and 155.2% increases of PL intensities of SWNTs were observed after injection of 20 and 59 μg/mL saponin solutions, respectively. Subsequently, the increase in PL was saturated. With the banana solution, 18.1 and 175.4% increases in PL intensities were observed with 20 and 59 μg/mL banana solutions, respectively. Based on these results, the two antioxidant molecules could be distinguished based on the different PL responses of the SWNTs. In addition, the much higher saturated PL intensities observed with the banana solution suggests that the banana solution increased the capacity of the PL increase for the same SWNT suspension. These results provide helpful information for establishing biosensing applications of SWNTs, particularly for distinguishing chemicals.
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7
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Jin YJ, Kim H, Jang WD, Park SJ, Kwak G. Spontaneously sp 2-Carbonized Fluorescent Polyamides as a Probe Material for Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3057-3066. [PMID: 35533679 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneously sp2-carbonized polyamides (PA1, PA2) were prepared via Knoevenagel-type side reactions of malonyl moieties under mild conditions in the polycondensation of dicarbonyl chloride and diamine. Both polymers were soluble in water and emissive in the visible region, and the fluorescence (FL) intensity and the maximum wavelength were highly dependent on the excitation wavelength and the pH. Their chemical structures and FL origin were clarified by performing various spectroscopic analyses. π*-π transition was assumed to be allowed in an enol form based on the conjugated structure formed by the side reaction; this was responsible for its pH dependency and high FL quantum efficiency. In particular, PA2, which comprises the tertiary amide linkage, showed quick endocytosis, low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and exclusively stained lysosomes with the lowest intracellular pH. These results will help in understanding the origin of the FL emission of carbonized nanomaterials and exploring more advanced functions in the field of bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Jin
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea.,Reliability Assessment Center for Chemical Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Daegu Technopark Nano Convergence Practical Application Center, 891-5 Daecheon-dong, Dalseo-ku, Daegu 704-801, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, 702-701 Korea
| | - Giseop Kwak
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Polymeric Nanomaterials Laboratory, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 1370 Sankyuk-dong, Buk-ku, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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8
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Yin H, Liu Y, Ma Y. Brightening of dark excitons in single-walled carbon nanotubes: Investigation by many-body Green’s function theory. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huabing Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaru Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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9
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Xiao D, Qi H, Teng Y, Pierre D, Kutoka PT, Liu D. Advances and Challenges of Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:167. [PMID: 34837561 PMCID: PMC8626755 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, new types of fluorescent nanomaterials (FNMs) have been springing up in the past two decades. The nanometer scale endows FNMs with unique optical properties which play a critical role in their applications in bioimaging and fluorescence-dependent detections. However, since low selectivity as well as low photoluminescence efficiency of fluorescent nanomaterials hinders their applications in imaging and detection to some extent, scientists are still in search of synthesizing new FNMs with better properties. In this review, a variety of fluorescent nanoparticles are summarized including semiconductor quantum dots, carbon dots, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene-based nanomaterials, noble metal nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, phosphors and organic frameworks. We highlight the recent advances of the latest developments in the synthesis of FNMs and their applications in the biomedical field in recent years. Furthermore, the main theories, methods, and limitations of the synthesis and applications of FNMs have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, challenges in synthesis and biomedical applications are systematically summarized as well. The future directions and perspectives of FNMs in clinical applications are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haixiang Qi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dramou Pierre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Dong Liu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, West of Yunlu Bridge, Moon Island, Lu'an, 237012, Anhui, China.
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10
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Liu Y, Li Y, Koo S, Sun Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Du M, Lu S, Qiao X, Gao J, Wang X, Deng Z, Meng X, Xiao Y, Kim JS, Hong X. Versatile Types of Inorganic/Organic NIR-IIa/IIb Fluorophores: From Strategic Design toward Molecular Imaging and Theranostics. Chem Rev 2021; 122:209-268. [PMID: 34664951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), which enables us to look deeply into living subjects, is producing marvelous opportunities for biomedical research and clinical applications. Very recently, there has been an upsurge of interdisciplinary studies focusing on developing versatile types of inorganic/organic fluorophores that can be used for noninvasive NIR-IIa/IIb imaging (NIR-IIa, 1300-1400 nm; NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm) with near-zero tissue autofluorescence and deeper tissue penetration. This review provides an overview of the reports published to date on the design, properties, molecular imaging, and theranostics of inorganic/organic NIR-IIa/IIb fluorophores. First, we summarize the design concepts of the up-to-date functional NIR-IIa/IIb biomaterials, in the order of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), quantum dots (QDs), rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (RENPs), and organic fluorophores (OFs). Then, these novel imaging modalities and versatile biomedical applications brought by these superior fluorescent properties are reviewed. Finally, challenges and perspectives for future clinical translation, aiming at boosting the clinical application progress of NIR-IIa and NIR-IIb imaging technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Center of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,Laboratory of Plant Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanna Pan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingxia Du
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Research Center for Ecology, Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Biological Resources and Adaptive Evolution, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.,Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE) and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
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11
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Yang W, Li M, Xie M, Nie Y, Du A, Tian Y. Localized quenching sites in MAPbI 3 investigated by fluorescence and photothermal microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083701. [PMID: 34470388 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a fluorescence and photothermal microscope with extremely large scanning range and high spatial resolution. We demonstrated the capability of this instrument by simultaneously measuring the photoluminescence and photothermal signals of the CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film. After scanning the MAPbI3 film on the scale of centimeters, we can obtain information of both emissive and nonemissive processes with a resolution of 200 nm at any location of the large area. We can clearly see the localized photothermal signal while the photoluminescence signal is uniform. These results directly prove that the emissive recombination happens all over the materials, but the nonemissive recombination happens only at certain localized quenching sites. The fluorescence and photothermal microscope with both large scanning range and high spatial resolution can provide information of all the relaxation channels of the excitons, showing potential applications for investigation of photophysical mechanisms in photoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meilian Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Anbang Du
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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12
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Matsukawa Y, Umemura K. Optical Response Characteristics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Chirality Exposed to Oxidants with Different Oxidizing Power. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041091. [PMID: 33669602 PMCID: PMC7922499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have unique characteristics owing to differences in the three-dimensional structure (chirality) expressed by the chiral index (n,m), and many studies on the redox characteristics of chirality have been reported. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the chirality of SWNTs and the oxidizing power of oxidants by measuring the near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectra of two double-stranded DNA-SWNT complexes with the addition of three oxidants with different oxidizing powers. A dispersion was prepared by mixing 0.5 mg of SWNT powder with 1 mg/mL of DNA solution. Different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium hexachloroidylate (IV) (K2IrCl6), or potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were added to the dispersion to induce oxidation. Thereafter, a catechin solution was added to observe if the absorbance of the oxidized dispersion was restored by the reducing action of the catechin. We found that the difference in the oxidizing power had a significant effect on the detection sensitivity of the chiralities of the SWNTs. Furthermore, we revealed a detectable range of oxidants with different oxidizing powers for each chirality.
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13
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Effect on near-infrared absorption spectra of DNA/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) complexes by adsorption of a blocking reagent. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111072. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Dinarvand M, Elizarova S, Daniel J, Kruss S. Imaging of Monoamine Neurotransmitters with Fluorescent Nanoscale Sensors. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1465-1480. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meshkat Dinarvand
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGöttingen University Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sofia Elizarova
- Department of Molecular NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - James Daniel
- Department of Molecular NeurobiologyMax Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Institute of Physical ChemistryGöttingen University Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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15
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Liu Z, Mo Z, Liu N, Guo R, Niu X, Zhao P, Yang X. One-pot synthesis of highly fluorescent boron and nitrogen co-doped graphene quantum dots for the highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury ions in aqueous media. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Zheng Y, Bachilo SM, Weisman RB. Photoexcited Aromatic Reactants Give Multicolor Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence from Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2020; 14:715-723. [PMID: 31887007 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Covalent functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be valuable for modifying their electronic properties and creating fluorescent quantum defects. We report here a previously unreported category of such reactions involving interactions of photoexcited aromatic compounds with SWCNT sidewalls. When aqueous suspensions of SWCNTs are exposed to organic aromatic compounds and then irradiated by UV light, fluorescent defects are formed in the nanotubes at rates that depend on the aromatic ring substituents. In reactions with aniline or iodoaniline, strong spectral sidebands appear within 1 min. Total SWCNT photoluminescence can be enhanced by a factor as large as ∼5. Notably, emission spectra of reacted SWCNTs depend on the presence or absence of dissolved oxygen during the reaction. For (6,5) SWCNTs, treatment when oxygen is present gives an additional emission band red-shifted by 160 meV from the pristine position, whereas treatment without oxygen leads to two additional emission bands red-shifted by 140 and 270 meV. Variance spectroscopy shows the presence of individual "multicolor" nanotubes with three distinct emission bands (pristine plus two shifted). The facile generation of dual fluorescent quantum defects in SWCNTs provides emission closer to standard telecom wavelengths, advancing the prospects for applications as single-photon sources in quantum information processing.
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Miyashiro D, Hamano R, Umemura K. A Review of Applications Using Mixed Materials of Cellulose, Nanocellulose and Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E186. [PMID: 31973149 PMCID: PMC7074973 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively studied as one of the most interesting nanomaterials for over 25 years because they exhibit excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties. In the past decade, the number of publications and patents on cellulose and nanocellulose (NC) increased tenfold. Research on NC with excellent mechanical properties, flexibility, and transparency is accelerating due to the growing environmental problems surrounding us such as CO2 emissions, the accumulation of large amounts of plastic, and the depletion of energy resources such as oil. Research on mixed materials of cellulose, NC, and CNTs has been expanding because these materials exhibit various characteristics that can be controlled by varying the combination of cellulose, NC to CNTs while also being biodegradable and recyclable. An understanding of these mixed materials is required because these characteristics are diverse and are expected to solve various environmental problems. Thus far, many review papers on cellulose, NC or CNTs have been published. Although guidance for the suitable application of these mixed materials is necessary, there are few reviews summarizing them. Therefore, this review introduces the application and feature on mixed materials of cellulose, NC and CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyashiro
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (R.H.); (K.U.)
- ESTECH CORP., 2-7-31 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamano
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (R.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; (R.H.); (K.U.)
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18
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Brozena AH, Kim M, Powell LR, Wang Y. Controlling the optical properties of carbon nanotubes with organic colour-centre quantum defects. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:375-392. [PMID: 32789186 PMCID: PMC7418925 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previously unwelcome, defects are emerging as a new frontier of research, providing a molecular focal point to study the coupling of electrons, excitons, phonons and spin in low-dimensional materials. This opportunity is particularly intriguing in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, in which covalently bonding organic functional groups to the sp 2 carbon lattice can produce tunable sp 3 quantum defects that fluoresce brightly in the shortwave IR, emitting pure single photons at room temperature. These novel physical properties have made such synthetic defects, or 'organic colour centres', exciting new systems for chemistry, physics, materials science, engineering and quantum technologies. This Review examines progress in this emerging field and presents a unified description of this new family of quantum emitters, as well as providing an outlook of the rapidly expanding research and applications of synthetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H. Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lyndsey R. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park,
MD, USA
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19
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Safaee MM, Gravely M, Rocchio C, Simmeth M, Roxbury D. DNA Sequence Mediates Apparent Length Distribution in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2225-2233. [PMID: 30575397 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with short single-stranded DNA have been extensively studied within the last decade for biomedical applications due to the high dispersion efficiency and intrinsic biocompatibility of DNA as well as the photostable and tunable fluorescence of SWCNTs. Characterization of their physical properties, particularly their length distribution, is of great importance regarding their application as a bioengineered research tool and clinical diagnostic agent. Conventionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to quantify the length of DNA-SWCNTs by depositing the hybrids onto an electrostatically charged flat surface. Here, we demonstrate that hybrids of DNA-SWCNTs with different oligomeric DNA sequences ((GT)6 and (GT)30) differentially deposit on the AFM substrate, resulting in significant inaccuracies in the reported length distributions of the parent solutions. Using a solution-based surfactant exchange technique, we placed both samples into a common surfactant wrapping and found identical SWCNT length distributions upon surface deposition. Additionally, by spin-coating the surfactant-wrapped SWCNTs onto a substrate, thus mitigating effects of electrostatic interactions, we found length distributions that did not depend on DNA sequence but were significantly longer than electrostatic deposition methods, illuminating the inherent bias of the surface deposition method. Quantifying the coverage of DNA molecules on each SWCNT through both absorbance spectroscopy and direct observation, we found that the density of DNA per SWCNT was significantly higher in short (GT)6-SWCNTs (length < 100 nm) compared to long (GT)6-SWCNTs (length > 100 nm). In contrast, we found no dependence of the DNA density on SWCNT length in (GT)30-SWCNT hybrids. Thus, we attribute differences in the observed length distributions of DNA-SWCNTs to variations in electrostatic repulsion induced by sequence-dependent DNA density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moein Safaee
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - Mitchell Gravely
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - Caroline Rocchio
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - Matthew Simmeth
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Rhode Island , Kingston , Rhode Island 02881 , United States
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20
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Mu J, Ma Y, Liu H, Zhang T, Zhuo S. Optical properties of semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotubes with and without defects. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:024701. [PMID: 30646692 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The excited states of a series of semiconducting zigzag (n, 0) tubes are studied using the GW method and the Bethe-Salpeter equation within the ab initio many-body perturbation theory. The optical variation rule of the excitation energy with the tube diameter exhibits a family pattern, which arises from the electronic structure of the pristine tube and depends on the value of n mod 3. The introduction of single vacancy and Stone-Wales defects with different orientations affords an effective route for modulating the band structures and optical spectra, resulting in the variation of the selection rules of the excitons and turning dipole-forbidden excitons into dipole-allowed ones. The new localized impurity states in defected tubes will provide additional optically allowed transitions and give rise to pronounced satellite red-shifted peaks. These findings provide inspiration for the tune of optical properties of carbon nanotubes in the future for applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Huichun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Shuping Zhuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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21
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Glutathione influence on the photoluminescence from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes compared with other thiol compounds. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Lambert B, Gillen AJ, Schuergers N, Wu SJ, Boghossian AA. Directed evolution of the optoelectronic properties of synthetic nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3239-3242. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We present the use of directed evolution for the engineering of the optoelectronic properties of DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (DNA-SWCNTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lambert
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Alice J. Gillen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Nils Schuergers
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Shang-Jung Wu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Ardemis A. Boghossian
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015-Lausanne
- Switzerland
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23
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Preparation and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose-Carbon Dot Hybrid Nanopaper for Potential Sensing Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Green and facile approaches aiming at the manufacture of biocompatible paper-based optical sensors reporting the presence of photoluminescence (PL) modulating compounds is an emerging field of research. This study investigates the preparation of bacterial cellulose nanopaper containing covalently immobilized carbon dots for potential biosensing applications. Preliminary work of this feasibility study included TEMPO-mediated ((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl-mediated) oxidation and nanofibrillation of bacterial cellulose (TOBC) on the one hand as well as synthesis and comparative analysis of different types of carbon dots (CDs) on the other hand. The two source materials of the targeted functional nanopaper were finally linked to each other by two different N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/ N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling approaches to clarify whether grafting of CDs prior to or after TOBC paper formation would be the method of choice. Synthesis of the carbon nanodots was accomplished by microwave-assisted co-hydrothermolysis of appropriate precursor compounds. After isolation and purification by dialysis particles in the single-digit nanometer-range were obtained and characterized with regard to their photoluminescence properties in terms of emission wavelength, pH stability, and quantum yield. All types of synthesized CDs reached their PL maxima (450–480 nm; light blue) in a narrow excitation wavelength range of 340–360 nm. Variation of molar (C/N) ratio of the CD precursors and substitution of the nitrogen donor EDEA by urea increased PL and quantum yield (QY), respectively. The highest relative QY of nearly 32% was obtained for CDs synthesized from citric acid and urea. PL of all CDs was virtually insensitive to pH changes in the range of 4–10. Tensile testing of hybrid nanopaper prepared after EDC/NHS-mediated grafting of GEA-type CDs onto TOBC (0.52 mmol·g−1 COOH) in dispersion state revealed that both stiffness and strength are not compromised by incorporation of carbon dots, while plastic deformation and elongation at break increased slightly compared to nanopaper formed prior to decoration with CDs. Water contact angle of the nanopaper is unaffected by introduction of carbon dots which is supposedly due to the presence of surface amino- and amide groups compensating for the loss of carboxyl groups by grafting.
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24
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Ozono K, Fukuzawa M, Toshimitsu F, Shiraki T, Fujigaya T, Nakashima N. Chiral Selective Chemical Reaction of Flavin-Derivative-Wrapped Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based on a Specific Recognition. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ozono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukuzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Toshimitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuyohiko Fujigaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Nakashima
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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25
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Beyene AG, Alizadehmojarad AA, Dorlhiac G, Goh N, Streets AM, Král P, Vuković L, Landry MP. Ultralarge Modulation of Fluorescence by Neuromodulators in Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Self-Assembled Oligonucleotide Rings. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6995-7003. [PMID: 30350638 PMCID: PMC6771428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions between single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) oligonucleotides and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have provided a unique class of tunable chemistries for a variety of applications. However, mechanistic insight into both the photophysical and intermolecular phenomena underlying their utility is lacking, which results in obligate heuristic approaches for producing ssDNA-SWNT based technologies. In this work, we present an ultrasensitive "turn-on" nanosensor for neuromodulators dopamine and norepinephrine with strong relative change in fluorescence intensity (Δ F/ F0) of up to 3500%, a signal appropriate for in vivo neuroimaging, and uncover the photophysical principles and intermolecular interactions that govern the molecular recognition and fluorescence modulation of this nanosensor synthesized from the spontaneous self-assembly of (GT)6 ssDNA rings on SWNTs. The fluorescence modulation of the ssDNA-SWNT conjugate is shown to exhibit remarkable sensitivity to the ssDNA sequence chemistry, length, and surface density, providing a set of parameters with which to tune nanosensor dynamic range, analyte selectivity and strength of fluorescence turn-on. We employ classical and quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations to rationalize our experimental findings. Calculations show that (GT)6 ssDNA form ordered rings around (9,4) SWNTs, inducing periodic surface potentials that modulate exciton recombination lifetimes. Further evidence is presented to elucidate how dopamine analyte binding modulates SWNT fluorescence. We discuss the implications of our findings for SWNT-based molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham G. Beyene
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ali A. Alizadehmojarad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Gabriel Dorlhiac
- Berkeley Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Natalie Goh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Aaron M. Streets
- Berkeley Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 79968
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968
| | - Markita P. Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (qb3), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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26
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Differences in the response of the near-infrared absorbance spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes; Effects of chirality and wrapping polymers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:684-689. [PMID: 30243222 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We detected antioxidant activity of catechin, one of the main components of tea, using SWNTs surface coated with two different biomolecules. Compared to coating with DNA already reported, it can hardly be detected when coated with carboxymethyl cellulose. For nanobiosensing using SWNTs, its sensitivity is not determined only by SWNTs, we found that biomolecules covering the surface are extremely important. In this experiment, we measured the near-infrared absorption spectra of SWNTs coated separately with two different water-soluble polymers; DNA (double-stranded DNA-SWNT complexes) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, CMC-SWNT complexes), and uncovered the differences in their antioxidant properties against the flavonoid catechin. Each dispersion was oxidized with H2O2 at 0.03% (final concentration), following which catechin solutions were added to reduce the samples. Our results showed that the magnitude of the change in the absorbance spectra for dsDNA-SWNT complexes in response to oxidation and reduction was superior to that for CMC-SWNT complexes. The CMC-SWNT complexes exhibited almost no change in their spectra even though the same SWNT powder (produced by the high-pressure carbon monoxide (HiPco) method) was used. On the other hand, when (6, 5)-enriched SWNT powder produced by the ComoCat method was used, no significant change in the absorbance was observed, even though (6, 5)-enriched SWNTs are frequently used for nanobiosensing. Our results revealed that both the SWNT chirality and type of polymer for wrapping SWNTs are important factors for establishing nanobiosensing methods utilizing SWNTs.
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27
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Liu Y, Jia Q, Zhou J. Recent Advance in Near‐Infrared (NIR) Imaging Probes for Cancer Theranostics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201800055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Xisanhuan North Road No.105 Beijing 100048 China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Xisanhuan North Road No.105 Beijing 100048 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Xisanhuan North Road No.105 Beijing 100048 China
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28
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Li Z, Ding J, Lefebvre J, Malenfant PRL. Dopant-Modulated Conjugated Polymer Enrichment of Semiconducting SWCNTs. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:3413-3419. [PMID: 31458594 PMCID: PMC6641520 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer extraction (CPE) is a low-cost, scalable process that can enrich single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) materials in organic media. For other separation methods in aqueous phases, redox chemistry and/or pH control dramatically affect the sorting process of the SWCNTs. We have previously determined that the CPE process can be fine-tuned by adjusting the pH on the tube surface. Here, we systematically studied the effect of redox chemistry on the CPE process by adding organic p-/n-dopants. At a very strong p-/n-doping level, static repulsions dominated the interactions between the tubes and the CPE lost selectivity. When the doping level changed from a medium p-doping to a neutral state, the yield of CPE increased and the selectivity was compromised. We also observed chiral selectivity when a weak p-dopant was used. A photoluminescence excitation mapping under different titration conditions provided more insight into the doping level of the tubes relative to their diameters, chiralities, and redox potentials. We proposed a mechanism for the CPE process. The semiconducting and metallic tubes are separated because of their different solubilities, which are determined by the bundling energy between the tubes and are related to their doping level in polymer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Security and Disruptive Technologies
Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jianfu Ding
- Security and Disruptive Technologies
Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jacques Lefebvre
- Security and Disruptive Technologies
Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patrick R. L. Malenfant
- Security and Disruptive Technologies
Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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29
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He X, Gifford BJ, Hartmann NF, Ihly R, Ma X, Kilina SV, Luo Y, Shayan K, Strauf S, Blackburn JL, Tretiak S, Doorn SK, Htoon H. Low-Temperature Single Carbon Nanotube Spectroscopy of sp 3 Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10785-10796. [PMID: 28958146 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to unravel the relationship between chemical configuration and electronic structure of sp3 defects of aryl-functionalized (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), we perform low-temperature single nanotube photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy studies and correlate our observations with quantum chemistry simulations. We observe sharp emission peaks from individual defect sites that are spread over an extremely broad, 1000-1350 nm, spectral range. Our simulations allow us to attribute this spectral diversity to the occurrence of six chemically and energetically distinct defect states resulting from topological variation in the chemical binding configuration of the monovalent aryl groups. Both PL emission efficiency and spectral line width of the defect states are strongly influenced by the local dielectric environment. Wrapping the SWCNT with a polyfluorene polymer provides the best isolation from the environment and yields the brightest emission with near-resolution limited spectral line width of 270 μeV, as well as spectrally resolved emission wings associated with localized acoustic phonons. Pump-dependent studies further revealed that the defect states are capable of emitting single, sharp, isolated PL peaks over 3 orders of magnitude increase in pump power, a key characteristic of two-level systems and an important prerequisite for single-photon emission with high purity. These findings point to the tremendous potential of sp3 defects in development of room temperature quantum light sources capable of operating at telecommunication wavelengths as the emission of the defect states can readily be extended to this range via use of larger diameter SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan J Gifford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | | | - Rachelle Ihly
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Svetlana V Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Kamran Shayan
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Stefan Strauf
- Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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30
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Salem DP, Gong X, Liu AT, Koman VB, Dong J, Strano MS. Ionic Strength-Mediated Phase Transitions of Surface-Adsorbed DNA on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16791-16802. [PMID: 29052988 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides have unique, and in some cases sequence-specific molecular interactions with the surface of carbon nanotubes that remain the subject of fundamental study. In this work, we observe and analyze a generic, ionic strength-mediated phase transition exhibited by over 25 distinct oligonucleotides adsorbed to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in colloidal suspension. The phase transition occurs as monovalent salts are used to modify the ionic strength from 500 mM to 1 mM, causing a reversible reduction in the fluorescence quantum yield by as much as 90%. The phase transition is only observable by fluorescence quenching within a window of pH and in the presence of dissolved O2, but occurs independently of this optical quenching. The negatively charged phosphate backbone increases (decreases) the DNA surface coverage on an areal basis at high (low) ionic strength, and is well described by a two-state equilibrium model. The resulting quantitative model is able to describe and link, for the first time, the observed changes in optical properties of DNA-wrapped SWCNTs with ionic strength, pH, adsorbed O2, and ascorbic acid. Cytosine nucleobases are shown to alter the adhesion of the DNA to SWCNTs through direct protonation from solution, decreasing the driving force for this phase transition. We show that the phase transition also changes the observed SWCNT corona phase, modulating the recognition of riboflavin. These results provide insight into the unique molecular interactions between DNA and the SWCNT surface, and have implications for molecular sensing, assembly, and nanoparticle separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Albert Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Juyao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Zubkovs V, Schuergers N, Lambert B, Ahunbay E, Boghossian AA. Mediatorless, Reversible Optical Nanosensor Enabled through Enzymatic Pocket Doping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701654. [PMID: 28940888 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence that benefits from indefinite photostability and tissue transparency, offering a promising basis for in vivo biosensing. Existing SWCNT optical sensors that rely on charge transfer for signal transduction often require exogenous mediators that compromise the stability and biocompatibility of the sensors. This study presents a reversible, mediatorless, near-infrared glucose sensor based on glucose oxidase-wrapped SWCNTs (GOx-SWCNTs). GOx-SWCNTs undergo a selective fluorescence increase in the presence of aldohexoses, with the strongest response toward glucose. When incorporated into a custom-built membrane device, the sensor demonstrates a monotonic increase in initial response rates with increasing glucose concentrations between 3 × 10-3 and 30 × 10-3 m and an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of KM (app) ≈ 13.9 × 10-3 m. A combination of fluorescence, absorption, and Raman spectroscopy measurements suggests a fluorescence enhancement mechanism based on localized enzymatic doping of SWCNT defect sites that does not rely on added mediators. Removal of glucose reverses the doping effects, resulting in full recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The cyclic addition and removal of glucose is shown to successively enhance and recover fluorescence, demonstrating reversibility that serves as a prerequisite for continuous glucose monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalijs Zubkovs
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Nils Schuergers
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Lambert
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Esra Ahunbay
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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32
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Ishibashi Y, Ito M, Homma Y, Umemura K. Monitoring the antioxidant effects of catechin using single-walled carbon nanotubes: Comparative analysis by near-infrared absorption and near-infrared photoluminescence. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 161:139-146. [PMID: 29073526 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We measured the optical responses of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) after adding Japanese green tea or catechin. SWNTs were covered with DNA in aqueous solution, and tea or catechin solution was added to the DNA-SWNT suspension. The antioxidant effects of tea and catechin were detected as changes in the near-infrared (NIR) absorption (ABS) and NIR-photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the SWNTs. Commercial Japanese tea, diluted 100 times and containing 15μg/mL catechin, was sufficient for recovering NIR-ABS and NIR-PL spectra when the DNA-SWNT suspension was pre-treated with 0.03% hydrogen peroxide(H2O2). Similar results were obtained with 15μg/mL of pure catechin solution. SWNTs with specific chirality were sensitive to the NIR-ABS and NIR-PL changes. The (10, 5)/(8, 7) and (9, 4) SWNTs showed the highest recovery in NIR-ABS and NIR-PL, respectively. NIR-PL recovery was higher than that of NIR-ABS for (10, 5)/(8, 7) and (9, 4). Spectral changes could be monitored thoroughly at pH 8.0, contrary to pH 6.0 and 7.3. However, the most dynamic recovery of NIR-ABS and NIR-PL was observed at pH 6.0. Furthermore, time-lapse measurements revealed that recovery was faster with tea or catechin addition than H2O2-induced oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ishibashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Homma
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan.
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33
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Hou Z, Krauss TD. Photoluminescence Brightening of Isolated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4954-4959. [PMID: 28937225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) to a suspension consisting of either DNA- or sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) caused significant photoluminescence (PL) brightening from the SWCNTs, whereas PL quenching to different extents was observed for other surfactant-SWCNT suspensions. PL lifetime studies with high temporal resolution show that the addition of DTT mitigates nonradiative decay processes but also surprisingly increases the radiative decay rate for DNA- and SDS-SWCNTs. Completely opposite effects on the decay rates are found for the other surfactant-SWCNTs that show PL quenching. We propose that the PL brightening results from a surfactant reorganization upon DTT addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Hou
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Todd D Krauss
- Department of Chemistry and ‡The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
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34
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Flak D, Yate L, Nowaczyk G, Jurga S. Hybrid ZnPc@TiO 2 nanostructures for targeted photodynamic therapy, bioimaging and doxorubicin delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:1072-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Wu L, Li X, Ling Y, Huang C, Jia N. Morpholine Derivative-Functionalized Carbon Dots-Based Fluorescent Probe for Highly Selective Lysosomal Imaging in Living Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:28222-28232. [PMID: 28787116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of a suitable fluorescent probe for the specific labeling and imaging of lysosomes through the direct visual fluorescent signal is extremely important for understanding the dysfunction of lysosomes, which might induce various pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. Herein, a new carbon dot-based fluorescent probe (CDs-PEI-ML) was designed and synthesized for highly selective imaging of lysosomes in live cells. In this probe, PEI (polyethylenimine) is introduced to improve water solubility and provide abundant amine groups for the as-prepared CDs-PEI, and the morpholine group (ML) serves as a targeting unit for lysosomes. More importantly, passivation with PEI could dramatically increase the fluorescence quantum yield of CDs-PEI-ML as well as their stability in fluorescence emission under different excitation wavelength. Consequently, experimental data demonstrated that the target probe CDs-PEI-ML has low cytotoxicity and excellent photostability. Additionally, further live cell imaging experiment indicated that CDs-PEI-ML is a highly selective fluorescent probe for lysosomes. We speculate the mechanism for selective staining of lysosomes that CDs-PEI-ML was initially taken up by lysosomes through the endocytic pathway and then accumulated in acidic lysosomes. It is notable that there was less diffusion of CDs-PEI-ML into cytoplasm, which could be ascribed to the presence of lysosome target group morpholine on surface of CDs-PEI-ML. The blue emission wavelength combined with the high photo stability and ability of long-lasting cell imaging makes CDs-PEI-ML become an alternative fluorescent probe for multicolor labeling and long-term tracking of lysosomes in live cells and the potential application in super-resolution imaging. To best of our knowledge, there are still limited carbon dots-based fluorescent probes that have been studied for specific lysosomal imaging in live cells. The concept of surface functionality of carbon dots will also pave a new avenue for developing carbon dots-based fluorescent probes for subcellular labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling Wu
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yifei Ling
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chusen Huang
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University , 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
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36
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Hirano A, Kameda T, Sakuraba S, Wada M, Tanaka T, Kataura H. Disulfide bond formation of thiols by using carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5389-5393. [PMID: 28422249 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Clarification of the interactions between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and proteinogenic amino acids is a key approach to understanding CNT-protein interactions. Previous studies have addressed the mechanism of the physical adsorption of amino acids onto CNTs. However, little is known about their chemical reactions in aqueous solutions. Here, we established dispersant-free systems to clarify intrinsic CNT-thiol interactions. We demonstrated that the redox reaction of CNTs with cysteine, containing a thiol group, leads to disulfide bond formation between cysteine molecules, even under acidic conditions. The generality of the redox reaction is validated using other thiols such as dithiothreitol and glutathione. The present results suggest that structures of proteins and peptides containing free thiol groups are chemically modified and misfolded on CNT surfaces by this disulfide bond formation in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hirano
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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37
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Jena PV, Galassi TV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Progress Towards Applications of Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence. ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : JSS 2017; 6:M3075-M3077. [PMID: 28845362 PMCID: PMC5568031 DOI: 10.1149/2.0121706jss] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the fifteen years following the discovery of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) photoluminescence, investigators have made significant progress in their understanding of the phenomenon and towards the development of applications. The intrinsic potential of semiconducting carbon nanotubes - a family of bright, photostable near infrared (NIR) fluorophores (900-2100 nm) with tunable properties, has motivated their use as optical probes and sensors. In this perspective, we highlight the advances made in the synthesis, processing, modification, separation, and metrology of carbon nanotubes in the context of applications of their photoluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Thomas V. Galassi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
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38
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Galassi TV, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Single Nanotube Spectral Imaging To Determine Molar Concentrations of Isolated Carbon Nanotube Species. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1073-1077. [PMID: 28194986 PMCID: PMC5511500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and biological applications of carbon nanotubes can be highly dependent on the species (chirality) of nanotube, purity, and concentration. Existing bulk methods, such as absorbance spectroscopy, can quantify sp2 carbon based on spectral bands, but nanotube length distribution, defects, and carbonaceous impurities can complicate quantification of individual particles. We present a general method to relate the optical density of a photoluminescent nanotube sample to the number of individual nanotubes. By acquiring 3-dimensional images of nanotubes embedded in a gel matrix with a reducing environment, we quantified all emissive nanotubes in a volume. Via spectral imaging, we assessed structural impurities and precisely determined molar concentrations of the (8,6) and (9,4) nanotube species. We developed an approach to obtain the molarity of any structurally enriched semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube preparation on a per-nanotube basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Galassi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
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39
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Kurnosov NV, Leontiev VS, Karachevtsev VA. Enhancement of Photoluminescence from Semiconducting Nanotubes in Aqueous Suspensions due to Cysteine and Dithiothreitol Doping: Influence of the Sonication Treatment. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:490. [PMID: 27822912 PMCID: PMC5099295 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of tip sonication duration on the spectral characteristics of carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous suspension with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) has been studied by NIR luminescence, NIR absorption, and Raman spectroscopy. It was revealed that prolongation of sonication leads to weakening of the SWNT polymer coverage and appearance of additional defects on the nanotube surface. Prolongation of the tip sonication treatment of SWNT/ssDNA from 30 to 90 min leads to the increase of the number of individual nanotubes in the aqueous suspension, but it significantly decreases the photoluminescence (PL) from semiconducting SWNTs because more defects are formed on the nanotube surface. At probing the SWNT/ssDNA emission with cysteine or dithiothreitol (DTT) doping the nanotube aqueous suspension showed the different PL intensity enhancement depending on the duration of the sonication treatment and on the ability of these reducing agents to passivate emission-quenching defects on the carbon nanotube sidewall. The magnitude of the PL enhancement rises with sonication prolongation and depends on the nanotube chirality. Tight and ordered polymer coverage of (6,4) nanotubes hampers the access of the reducing agent to emission-quenching defects on the nanotube surface and provides the weaker PL intensity increasing while (7,5) nanotubes show the strongest reaction to the doping effect. The comparison of cysteine and DTT ability to passivate the emission-quenching defects showed the higher efficiency of DTT doping. This prevailing is explained by the stronger reducing activity of DTT which is determined by a lower redox potential of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V. Kurnosov
- B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave, 61103 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Victor S. Leontiev
- B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave, 61103 Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Victor A. Karachevtsev
- B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave, 61103 Kharkov, Ukraine
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40
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Kurnosov NV, Leontiev VS, Karachevtsev VA. Probing the Influence of Amino Acids on Photoluminescence from Carbon Nanotubes Suspended with DNA. J Fluoresc 2016; 26:1951-1958. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Yang J, Zhao Q, Lyu M, Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang M, Gao Z, Li Y. Chirality-Selective Photoluminescence Enhancement of ssDNA-Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Gold Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3164-71. [PMID: 27128378 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a convenient method to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in aqueous solutions is provided. Dispersing by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and modifying with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), about tenfold PL enhancement of the SWNTs is observed. More importantly, the selective PL enhancement is achieved for some particular chiralities of interest over all other chiralities, by using certain specific ssDNA sequences that are reported to recognize these particular chiralities. By forming AuNP-DNA-SWNT nanohybrids, ssDNA serves as superior molecular spacers that on one hand protect SWNT from direct contacting with AuNP and causing PL quench, and on the other hand attract the AuNP in close proximity to the SWNT to enhance its PL. This PL enhancement method can be utilized for the PL analysis of SWNTs in aqueous solutions, for biomedical imaging, and may serve as a prescreening method for the recognition and separation of single chirality SWNTs by ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhou Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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42
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Li J, Cheng F, Huang H, Li L, Zhu JJ. Nanomaterial-based activatable imaging probes: from design to biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016. [PMID: 26214317 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00476k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Activatable imaging probes as alternatives to "always on" imaging probes have attracted more and more attention due to their improved sensitivity and specificity. They are commonly designed to amplify or boost imaging signals only in response to specific biomolecular recognition or interaction. Thus, the design strategies play a vital role in the fabrication of activatable imaging probes. In this review, we focus on the design mechanisms and biological applications of those nanomaterial-based activatable imaging probes reported in the past five years, benefitting greatly from the good development of nanotechnology. These probes not only include the most studied activatable fluorescence imaging probes, but also cover more activatable MR imaging probes based on nanoparticle contrast agents and activatable photoacoustic imaging probes, providing more bases for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221004, China and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Haiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation of Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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43
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Jang B, Kwon H, Katila P, Lee SJ, Lee H. Dual delivery of biological therapeutics for multimodal and synergistic cancer therapies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 98:113-33. [PMID: 26654747 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer causes >8.2 million deaths annually worldwide; thus, various cancer treatments have been investigated over the past decades. Among them, combination drug therapy has become extremely popular, and treatment with more than one drug is often necessary to achieve appropriate anticancer efficacy. With the development of nanoformulations and nanoparticulate-based drug delivery, researchers have explored the feasibility of dual delivery of biological therapeutics to overcome the current drawbacks of cancer therapy. Compared with the conventional single drug therapy, dual delivery of therapeutics has provided various synergistic effects in addition to offering multimodality to cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight and summarize three aspects of dual-delivery systems for cancer therapy. These include (1) overcoming drug resistance by the dual delivery of chemical drugs with biological therapeutics for synergistic therapy, (2) targeted and controlled drug release by the dual delivery of drugs with stimuli-responsive nanomaterials, and (3) multimodal theranostics by the dual delivery of drugs and molecular imaging probes. Furthermore, recent developments, perspectives, and new challenges regarding dual-delivery systems for cancer therapy are discussed.
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44
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Bai X, Wang S, Xu S, Wang L. Luminescent nanocarriers for simultaneous drug or gene delivery and imaging tracking. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Guo Z, Chen G, Zeng G, Li Z, Chen A, Wang J, Jiang L. Fluorescence chemosensors for hydrogen sulfide detection in biological systems. Analyst 2015; 140:1772-86. [PMID: 25529122 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of the development of H2S fluorescence-sensing strategies, including sensors based on chemical reactions and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of fluorescence-sensing strategies are compared with those of traditional methods. Fluorescence chemosensors, especially those used in FRET sensing, are highly promising because of their low cost, technical simplicity, and their use in real-time sulfide imaging in living cells. Potential applications based on sulfate reduction to H2S, the relationship between sulfate-reducing bacteria activity and H2S yield, and real-time detection of sulfate-reducing bacteria activity using fluorescence sensors are described. The current challenges, such as low sensitivity and poor stability, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.
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46
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Nogaj LJ, Smyder JA, Leach KE, Tu X, Zheng M, Krauss TD. Bright Fraction of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Correlated Fluorescence and Topography Measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:2816-2821. [PMID: 26266867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Correlated measurements of fluorescence and topography were performed for individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on quartz using epifluorescence confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surprisingly, only ~11% of all SWNTs in DNA-wrapped samples were found to be highly emissive on quartz, suggesting that the ensemble fluorescence quantum yield is low because only a small population of SWNTs fluoresces strongly. Qualitatively similar conclusions were obtained from control studies using a sodium cholate surfactant system. To accommodate AFM measurements, excess surfactant was removed from the substrate. Though individual SWNTs on nonrinsed and rinsed surfaces displayed differences in fluorescence intensities and line widths, arising from the influence of the local environment on individual SWNT optical measurements, photoluminescence data from both samples displayed consistent trends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaomin Tu
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- §National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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47
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Sarpkaya I, Ahmadi ED, Shepard GD, Mistry KS, Blackburn JL, Strauf S. Strong Acoustic Phonon Localization in Copolymer-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2015; 9:6383-6393. [PMID: 26039893 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling exciton-phonon interactions in carbon nanotubes has important implications for producing efficient nanophotonic devices. Here we show that laser vaporization-grown carbon nanotubes display ultranarrow luminescence line widths (120 μeV) and well-resolved acoustic phonon sidebands at low temperatures when dispersed with a polyfluorene copolymer. Remarkably, we do not observe a correlation of the zero-phonon line width with (13)C atomic concentration, as would be expected for pure dephasing of excitons with acoustic phonons. We demonstrate that the ultranarrow and phonon sideband-resolved emission spectra can be fully described by a model assuming extrinsic acoustic phonon localization at the nanoscale, which holds down to 6-fold narrower spectral line width compared to previous work. Interestingly, both exciton and acoustic phonon wave functions are strongly spatially localized within 5 nm, possibly mediated by the copolymer backbone, opening future opportunities to engineer dephasing and optical bandwidth for applications in quantum photonics and cavity optomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin S Mistry
- ‡National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Blackburn
- ‡National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Hong G, Diao S, Antaris AL, Dai H. Carbon Nanomaterials for Biological Imaging and Nanomedicinal Therapy. Chem Rev 2015; 115:10816-906. [PMID: 25997028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 809] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexander L Antaris
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Kilina S, Kilin D, Tretiak S. Light-Driven and Phonon-Assisted Dynamics in Organic and Semiconductor Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5929-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kilina
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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50
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Karachevtsev VA, Plokhotnichenko AM, Glamazda AY, Leontiev VS, Levitsky IA. Excitonic energy transfer in polymer wrapped carbon nanotubes in gradually grown nanoassemblies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:10914-22. [PMID: 24770437 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the exciton energy transfer (ET) in nanoassemblies (nanotube based aggregates) formed by polymer wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and simulation. The distinctive feature of this study is the gradual growth of such nanostructures in aqueous medium induced by increasing the concentration of porphyrin molecules stitching nanotube-polymer complexes in densely packed assemblies. Experimental dependencies of PL intensity on the porphyrin concentration for different types of semiconducting SWNTs demonstrate step-like behavior controlled by the amount of bound nanotubes and are in good agreement with the simulating model. The simulation algorithm determines the criterion of the aggregate formation depending on the number of porphyrin molecules per tube and the cascade exciton energy transfer between neighboring semiconducting nanotubes of different chiralities. Aggregates of small sizes (up to six-eight individual tubes) contain mostly semiconducting species, while aggregates of a larger size (up to several tens of tubes) incorporate metallic SWNTs, inducing strong PL quenching. From the fitting procedure, an ET rate of 0.6 × 10(10) s(-1) has been determined which is consistent with the center to center distance (∼2.3 nm) between adjacent tubes separated by polymer and porphyrin molecules. The threshold of the dimer formation corresponds to one porphyrin molecule per ∼20 nm of tube lengths that was supported by molecular dynamics simulation. These findings provide insight into the ET mechanism in SWNT nanoassemblies of variable sizes, which can be gradually controlled by the external factor (the concentration of porphyrin molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Karachevtsev
- B.I. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, 61103, Ukraine
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