1
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Uthe B, Sader JE, Pelton M. Optical measurement of the picosecond fluid mechanics in simple liquids generated by vibrating nanoparticles: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:103001. [PMID: 36049471 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac8e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Standard continuum assumptions commonly used to describe the fluid mechanics of simple liquids have the potential to break down when considering flows at the nanometer scale. Two common assumptions for simple molecular liquids are that (1) they exhibit a Newtonian response, where the viscosity uniquely specifies the linear relationship between the stress and strain rate, and (2) the liquid moves in tandem with the solid at any solid-liquid interface, known as the no-slip condition. However, even simple molecular liquids can exhibit a non-Newtonian, viscoelastic response at the picosecond time scales that are characteristic of the motion of many nanoscale objects; this viscoelasticity arises because these time scales can be comparable to those of molecular relaxation in the liquid. In addition, even liquids that wet solid surfaces can exhibit nanometer-scale slip at those surfaces. It has recently become possible to interrogate the viscoelastic response of simple liquids and associated nanoscale slip using optical measurements of the mechanical vibrations of metal nanoparticles. Plasmon resonances in metal nanoparticles provide strong optical signals that can be accessed by several spectroscopies, most notably ultrafast transient-absorption spectroscopy. These spectroscopies have been used to measure the frequency and damping rate of acoustic oscillations in the nanoparticles, providing quantitative information about mechanical coupling and exchange of mechanical energy between the solid particle and its surrounding liquid. This information, in turn, has been used to elucidate the rheology of viscoelastic simple liquids at the nanoscale in terms of their constitutive relations, taking into account separate viscoelastic responses for both shear and compressible flows. The nanoparticle vibrations have also been used to provide quantitative measurements of slip lengths on the single-nanometer scale. Viscoelasticity has been shown to amplify nanoscale slip, illustrating the interplay between different aspects of the unconventional fluid dynamics of simple liquids at nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Uthe
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
| | - John E Sader
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America
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2
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Cang Y, Sainidou R, Rembert P, Magnabosco G, Still T, Vogel N, Graczykowski B, Fytas G. Origin of the Acoustic Bandgaps in Hypersonic Colloidal Phononics: The Role of the Elastic Impedance. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6575-6584. [PMID: 35997523 PMCID: PMC9442645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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How phonons propagate in nanostructures determines the
flow of
elastic and thermal energy in dielectric materials. However, a reliable
theoretical prediction of the phonon dispersion relation requires
experimental verification both near to and far from the Brillouin
zone of the nanostructure. We report on the experimental hypersonic
phonon dispersion of hard (SiO2) and soft (polymer) fcc
colloidal crystals infiltrated in liquid polydimethylsiloxane with
different elastic impedance contrast using Brillouin light spectroscopy.
We discuss the distinct differences with first-principles full elastodynamic
calculations involving a multiple-scattering theory. Interparticle
contacts strongly impact the long-wavelength speed of sound and the
nature of the particle vibration resonance-induced hybridization hypersonic
bandgap. The absence of the order-induced Bragg bandgap in SiO2 and its presence in soft opals cannot be fully accounted
for by the theory, limiting its predictive power. Bridging the elasticity
of the two colloidal crystals with suitable SiO2 core–shell
(polymer) particles reveals an unprecedented crossover behavior in
the dispersion relation. In view of many conversational parameters,
the control tuning of phonon propagation in soft matter-based hypersonic
phononics remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Zhangwu Road 100, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rebecca Sainidou
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Pascal Rembert
- Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes UMR CNRS 6294, UNIHAVRE, Normandie University, 75 rue Bellot, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Giulia Magnabosco
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Still
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, Poznan 61-614, Poland
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FO.R.T.H, N. Plastira 100, /0013, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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3
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Zhang W, Kong J, Li Y, Kuang Z, Wang H, Zhou M. Coherent vibrational dynamics of Au 144(SR) 60 nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8124-8130. [PMID: 35919416 PMCID: PMC9278113 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The coherent vibrational dynamics of gold nanoclusters (NCs) provides important information on the coupling between vibrations and electrons as well as their mechanical properties, which is critical for understanding the evolution from a metallic state to a molecular state with diminishing size. Coherent vibrations have been widely explored in small-sized atomically precise gold NCs, while it remains a challenge to observe them in large-sized gold NCs. In this work, we report the coherent vibrational dynamics of atomically precise Au144(SR)60 NCs via temperature-dependent femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The population dynamics of Au144(SR)60 consists of three relaxation processes: internal conversion, core-shell charge transfer and relaxation to the ground state. After removing the population dynamics from the TA kinetics, fast Fourier transform analysis on the residual oscillation reveals distinct vibrational modes at 1.5 THz (50 cm-1) and 2 THz (67 cm-1), which arise from the wavepacket motions along the ground-state and excited-state potential energy surfaces (PES), respectively. These results are helpful for understanding the physical properties of gold nanostructures with a threshold size that lies in between those of molecular-like NCs and metallic-state nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Jie Kong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University 12 Oxford Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT) Beijing 100876 P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- Department of Physics, University of Miami Coral Gables Florida 33146 USA
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4
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Acoustic Vibration Modes of Gold–Silver Core–Shell Nanoparticles. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Au/Ag core–shell cuboid nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a complex plasmonic response dominated by a dipolar longitudinal mode and higher-order transverse modes in the near-UV, which may be exploited for a range of applications. In this paper, we take advantage of the strong signature of these modes in the NP ultrafast transient optical response, measured by pump-probe transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, to explore the NP vibrational landscape. The fast Fourier transform analysis of the TA dynamics reveals specific vibration modes in the frequency range 15–150 GHz, further studied by numerical simulations based on the finite element method. While bare Au nanorods exhibit extensional and breathing modes, the bimetallic NPs undergo more complex motions, involving the displacement of facets, edges and corners. The amplitude and frequency of these modes are shown to depend on the Ag shell thickness, as the silver load modifies the NP aspect ratio and mass. Moreover, the contributions of the vibrational modes to the experimental TA spectra are shown to vary with the probe laser wavelength at which the signal is monitored. Using the combined simulations of the NP elastic and optical properties, we elucidate this influence by analyzing the effect of the mechanisms involved in the acousto-plasmonic coupling.
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5
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Wang J, Li M, Jiang Y, Yu K, Hartland GV, Wang GP. Polymer dependent acoustic mode coupling and Hooke's law spring constants in stacked gold nanoplates. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144701. [PMID: 34654293 DOI: 10.1063/5.0066661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are excellent acoustic resonators and their vibrational spectroscopy has been widely investigated. However, the coupling between vibrational modes of different nanoparticles is less explored. For example, how the intervening medium affects the coupling strength is not known. Here, we investigate how different polymers affect coupling in Au nanoplate-polymer-Au nanoplate sandwich structures. The coupling between the breathing modes of the Au nanoplates was measured using single-particle pump-probe spectroscopy, and the polymer dependent coupling strength was determined experimentally. Analysis of the acoustic mode coupling gives the effective spring constant for the polymers. A relative motion mode was also observed for the stacked Au nanoplates. The frequency of this mode is strongly correlated with the coupling constant for the breathing modes. The breathing mode coupling and relative motion mode were analyzed using a coupled oscillator model. This model shows that both these effects can be described using the same spring constant for the polymer. Finally, we present a new type of mass balance using the strongly coupled resonators. We show that the resonators have a mass detection limit of a few femtograms. We envision that further understanding of the vibrational coupling in acoustic resonators will improve the coupling strength and expand their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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6
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Uthe B, Collis JF, Madadi M, Sader JE, Pelton M. Highly Spherical Nanoparticles Probe Gigahertz Viscoelastic Flows of Simple Liquids Without the No-Slip Condition. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4440-4446. [PMID: 33955224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Simple liquids are conventionally described by Newtonian fluid mechanics, based on the assumption that relaxation processes in the flow occur much faster than the rate at which the fluid is driven. Nanoscale solids, however, have characteristic mechanical response times on the picosecond scale, which are comparable to mechanical relaxation times in simple liquids; as a result, viscoelastic effects in the liquid must be considered. These effects have been observed using time-resolved optical measurements of vibrating nanoparticles, but interpretation has often been complicated by finite velocity slip at the liquid-solid interface. Here, we use highly spherical gold nanoparticles to drive flows that are theoretically modeled without the use of the no-slip boundary condition at the particle surface. We obtain excellent agreement with this analytical theory that considers both the compression and shear relaxation properties of the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Uthe
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jesse F Collis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mahyar Madadi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, UMBC (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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7
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Smith RJ, Pérez-Cota F, Marques L, Clark M. 3D phonon microscopy with sub-micron axial-resolution. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3301. [PMID: 33558575 PMCID: PMC7870650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brillouin light scattering (BLS) is an emerging method for cell imaging and characterisation. It allows elasticity-related contrast, optical resolution and label-free operation. Phonon microscopy detects BLS from laser generated coherent phonon fields to offer an attractive route for imaging since, at GHz frequencies, the phonon wavelength is sub-optical. Using phonon fields to image single cells is challenging as the signal to noise ratio and acquisition time are often poor. However, recent advances in the instrumentation have enabled imaging of fixed and living cells. This work presents the first experimental characterisation of phonon-based axial resolution provided by the response to a sharp edge. The obtained axial resolution is up to 10 times higher than that of the optical system used to take the measurements. Validation of the results are obtained with various polymer objects, which are in good agreement with those obtained using atomic force microscopy. Edge localisation, and hence profilometry, of a phantom boundary is measured with accuracy and precision of approximately 60 nm and 100 nm respectively. Finally, 3D imaging of fixed cells in culture medium is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Smith
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Fernando Pérez-Cota
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Leonel Marques
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matt Clark
- Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Yu K, Yang Y, Wang J, Hartland GV, Wang GP. Nanoparticle-Fluid Interactions at Ultrahigh Acoustic Vibration Frequencies Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Microscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1833-1840. [PMID: 33448792 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid viscous and viscoelastic properties are very important parameters in determining rheological phenomena. Mechanical resonators with extremely high vibrational frequencies interacting with simple liquids present a wide range of applications from mass sensing to biomechanics. However, a lack of understanding of fluid viscoelasticity greatly hinders the utilization of mechanical resonators. In this paper, the high frequency acoustic vibrations of Au nanoplates with large quality factors were used to probe fluid properties (water, glycerol, and their mixtures) through time-resolved pump-probe microscopy experiments. For water, viscous damping was clearly observed, where an inviscid effect was only detected previously. Adding glycerol to the water increases the fluid viscosity and leads to a bulk viscoelastic response in the system. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with a continuum mechanics model for the damping of nanoplate breathing modes in liquids, confirming the experimental observation of viscoelastic effects. In addition to the breathing modes of the nanoplates, Brillouin oscillations are observed in the experiments. Analysis of the frequency of the Brillouin oscillations also shows the presence of viscoelastic effects in the high-viscosity solvents. The detection and analysis of viscous damping in liquids is important not only for understanding the energy dissipation mechanisms and providing the mechanical relaxation times of the liquids but also for developing applications of nanomechanical resonators for fluid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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9
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Zhao X, Nie Z, Feng Y, Zhao W, Zhang J, Zhang W, Maioli P, Loh ZH. Ultrafast acoustic vibrations of Au-Ag nanoparticles with varying elongated structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22728-22735. [PMID: 33016284 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03260c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic vibrations of Au and Ag elongated nano-objects with original morphologies, from Ag-Ag homodimers to Au@Ag-Ag heterodimers and Au@Ag eccentric core-shell spheroids, have been experimentally investigated by ultrafast time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Their frequencies, obtained by the analysis of time-dependent transient absorption changes, are compared with the results obtained from finite element modeling (FEM) numerical computations, which allow assignment of the detected oscillating signals to fundamental radial and extensional modes. FEM was further used to analyze the effects of morphology and composition on the vibrational dynamics. FEM computations indicate that (1) the central distance between particles forming the nanodimers has profound effects on the extensional mode frequencies and a negligible influence on the radial mode ones, in analogy with the case of monometallic nanorods, (2) coating Au with Ag also has a strong mass-loading-like effect on the dimer and core-shell stretching mode frequency, while (3) its influence on the radial breathing mode is smaller and analogous to the non-monotonic frequency dependence on the Au fraction previously observed in isotropic bimetallic spheres. These findings are significant for developing a predictive understanding of nanostructure mechanical properties and for designing new mechanical nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Ostovar B, Su MN, Renard D, Clark BD, Dongare PD, Dutta C, Gross N, Sader JE, Landes CF, Chang WS, Halas NJ, Link S. Acoustic Vibrations of Al Nanocrystals: Size, Shape, and Crystallinity Revealed by Single-Particle Transient Extinction Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3924-3934. [PMID: 32286064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic vibrations in plasmonic nanoparticles, monitored by an all-optical means, have attracted significant increasing interest because they provide unique insight into the mechanical properties of these metallic nanostructures. Al nanostructures are a recently emerging alternative to noble metal nanoparticles, because their broad wavelength tunability and high natural abundance make them ideal for many potential applications. Here, we investigate the acoustic vibrations of individual Al nanocrystals using a combination of electron microscopy and single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy, made possible with a low-pulse energy, high sensitivity, and probe-wavelength-tunable, single-particle transient extinction microscope. For chemically synthesized, faceted Al nanocrystals, the observed vibration frequency scales with the inverse particle diameter. In contrast, triangularly shaped Al nanocrystals support two distinct frequencies, corresponding to their in- and out-of-plane breathing modes. Unlike ensemble measurements, which measure average properties, measuring the damping time of the acoustic vibrations for individual particles enables us to investigate variations of the quality factor on the particle-to-particle level. Surprisingly, we find a large variation in quality factors even for nanocrystals of similar size and shape. This observed heterogeneity appears to result from substantially varying degrees of nanoparticle crystallinity even for chemically synthesized nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
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11
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Zhu Y, Cheng JX. Transient absorption microscopy: Technological innovations and applications in materials science and life science. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:020901. [PMID: 31941290 PMCID: PMC7195865 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has been extensively used in the study of excited state dynamics of various materials and molecules. The transition from TA spectroscopy to TA microscopy, which enables the space-resolved measurement of TA, is opening new investigations toward a more complete picture of excited state dynamics in functional materials, as well as the mapping of crucial biopigments for precision diagnosis. Here, we review the recent instrumental advancement that is pushing the limit of spatial resolution, detection sensitivity, and imaging speed. We further highlight the emerging application in materials science and life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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12
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Devkota T, Brown BS, Beane G, Yu K, Hartland GV. Making waves: Radiation damping in metallic nanostructures. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:080901. [PMID: 31470703 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal nanostructures display several types of resonances. In the visible and near-IR spectral regions, there are localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) that involve the coherent oscillation of the conduction electrons. Extended metal nanostructures, such as nanowires or nanoplates, also exhibit propagating surface plasmon polaritons (PSPPs), which are motions of the electrons at the surface of the structure that have a well-defined momentum. In addition, the vibrational normal modes of metal nanostructures give rise to low frequency resonances in the gigahertz to terahertz range. These different types of motions/resonances suffer energy losses from internal effects and from interactions with the environment. The goal of this perspective is to describe the part of the energy relaxation process due to the environment. Even though the plasmon resonances and acoustic vibrational modes arise from very different physics, it turns out that environmental damping is dominated by radiation of waves. The way the rates for radiation damping depend on the size of the nanostructure and the properties of the environment will be discussed for the different processes. For example, it is well known that for LSPRs, the rate of radiation damping increases with particle size. However, the radiation damping rate decreases with increasing dimensions for PSPPs and for the acoustic vibrational modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Brendan S Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Gary Beane
- ARC Center of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronic Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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13
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Wang J, Yu K, Yang Y, Hartland GV, Sader JE, Wang GP. Strong vibrational coupling in room temperature plasmonic resonators. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1527. [PMID: 30948721 PMCID: PMC6449381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong vibrational coupling has been realized in a variety of mechanical systems. However, there have been no experimental observations of strong coupling of the acoustic modes of plasmonic nanostructures, due to rapid energy dissipation in these systems. Here we realized strong vibrational coupling in ultra-high frequency plasmonic nanoresonators by increasing the vibrational quality factors by an order of magnitude. We achieved the highest frequency quality factor products of f × Q = 1.0 × 1013 Hz for the fundamental mechanical modes, which exceeds the value of 0.6 × 1013 Hz required for ground state cooling. Avoided crossing was observed between vibrational modes of two plasmonic nanoresonators with a coupling rate of g = 7.5 ± 1.2 GHz, an order of magnitude larger than the dissipation rates. The intermodal strong coupling was consistent with theoretical calculations using a coupled oscillator model. Our results enabled a platform for future observation and control of the quantum behavior of phonon modes in metallic nanoparticles. Strong vibrational coupling has not been observed in ultra-high frequency mechanical resonators. By engineering phonon dissipation pathways, the authors increase the vibrational quality factor to allow strong coupling observations in plasmonic nanostructures, which has implications for observation and control of quantum phonon dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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14
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Beane G, Devkota T, Brown BS, Hartland GV. Ultrafast measurements of the dynamics of single nanostructures: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2019; 82:016401. [PMID: 30485256 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaea4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to study single particles has revolutionized nanoscience. The advantage of single particle spectroscopy measurements compared to conventional ensemble studies is that they remove averaging effects from the different sizes and shapes that are present in the samples. In time-resolved experiments this is important for unraveling homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects in lifetime measurements. In this report, recent progress in the development of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopic techniques for interrogating single nanostructures will be discussed. The techniques include far-field experiments that utilize high numerical aperture (NA) microscope objectives, near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) measurements, ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), and time-resolved x-ray diffraction experiments. Examples will be given of the application of these techniques to studying energy relaxation processes in nanoparticles, and the motion of plasmons, excitons and/or charge carriers in different types of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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15
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Berte R, Della Picca F, Poblet M, Li Y, Cortés E, Craster RV, Maier SA, Bragas AV. Acoustic Far-Field Hypersonic Surface Wave Detection with Single Plasmonic Nanoantennas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:253902. [PMID: 30608776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.253902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of small metallic particles allow us to bridge the gap between the myriad of subdiffraction local phenomena and macroscopic optical elements. The optomechanical coupling between mechanical vibrations of Au nanoparticles and their optical response due to collective electronic oscillations leads to the emission and the detection of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) by single metallic nanoantennas. We take two Au nanoparticles, one acting as a source and the other as a receptor of SAWs and, even though these antennas are separated by distances orders of magnitude larger than the characteristic subnanometric displacements of vibrations, we probe the frequency content, wave speed, and amplitude decay of SAWs originating from the damping of coherent mechanical modes of the source. Two-color pump-probe experiments and numerical methods reveal the characteristic Rayleigh wave behavior of emitted SAWs, and show that the SAW-induced optical modulation of the receptor antenna allows us to accurately probe the frequency of the source, even when the eigenmodes of source and receptor are detuned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Berte
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Della Picca
- Departamento de Física, FCEN, IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Poblet
- Departamento de Física, FCEN, IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yi Li
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Richard V Craster
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitut München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Andrea V Bragas
- Departamento de Física, FCEN, IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Yi C, Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Cai YY, Marolf DM, Kress RN, Ostovar B, Tauzin LJ, Wen F, Chang WS, Jones MR, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Polycrystallinity of Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures Dominates Their Acoustic Vibrational Damping. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3494-3501. [PMID: 29715035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provides unique and unparalleled insight into their mechanical properties. Electron-beam lithography of nanostructures allows precise manipulation of their acoustic vibration frequencies through control of nanoscale morphology. However, the dissipation of acoustic vibrations in this important class of nanostructures has not yet been examined. Here we report, using single-particle ultrafast transient extinction spectroscopy, the intrinsic damping dynamics in lithographically fabricated plasmonic nanostructures. We find that in stark contrast to chemically synthesized, monocrystalline nanoparticles, acoustic energy dissipation in lithographically fabricated nanostructures is solely dominated by intrinsic damping. A quality factor of Q = 11.3 ± 2.5 is observed for all 147 nanostructures, regardless of size, geometry, frequency, surface adhesion, and mode. This result indicates that the complex Young's modulus of this material is independent of frequency with its imaginary component being approximately 11 times smaller than its real part. Substrate-mediated acoustic vibration damping is strongly suppressed, despite strong binding between the glass substrate and Au nanostructures. We anticipate that these results, characterizing the optomechanical properties of lithographically fabricated metal nanostructures, will help inform their design for applications such as photoacoustic imaging agents, high-frequency resonators, and ultrafast optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Yi
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Man-Nung Su
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Pratiksha D Dongare
- Applied Physics Graduate Program , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - David M Marolf
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rachael N Kress
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Fangfang Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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17
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Devkota T, Chakraborty D, Yu K, Beane G, Sader JE, Hartland GV. On the measurement of relaxation times of acoustic vibrations in metal nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17687-17693. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy relaxation of the breathing modes of metal nanostructures is controlled by radiation of sound waves in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuphan Devkota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Mathematics and Statistics
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria 3010
- Australia
| | - Kuai Yu
- College of Electronic Science and Technology
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Gary Beane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - John E. Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Mathematics and Statistics
- The University of Melbourne
- Victoria 3010
- Australia
| | - Gregory V. Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- Indiana 46556
- USA
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18
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Lee EMY, Mork AJ, Willard AP, Tisdale WA. Including surface ligand effects in continuum elastic models of nanocrystal vibrations. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044711. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4995439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Y. Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A. Jolene Mork
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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19
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Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Zhang Y, Yi C, Wen F, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Optomechanics of Single Aluminum Nanodisks. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2575-2583. [PMID: 28301725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum nanostructures support tunable surface plasmon resonances and have become an alternative to gold nanoparticles. Whereas gold is the most-studied plasmonic material, aluminum has the advantage of high earth abundance and hence low cost. In addition to understanding the size and shape tunability of the plasmon resonance, the fundamental relaxation processes in aluminum nanostructures after photoexcitation must be understood to take full advantage of applications such as photocatalysis and photodetection. In this work, we investigate the relaxation following ultrafast pulsed excitation and the launching of acoustic vibrations in individual aluminum nanodisks, using single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy. We find that the transient extinction signal can be assigned to a thermal relaxation of the photoexcited electrons and phonons. The ultrafast heating-induced launching of in-plane acoustic vibrations reveals moderate binding to the glass substrate and is affected by the native aluminum oxide layer. Finally, we compare the behavior of aluminum nanodisks to that of similarly prepared and sized gold nanodisks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debadi Chakraborty
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John E Sader
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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20
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Liu J, Irudayaraj JMK. Non-fluorescent quantification of single mRNA with transient absorption microscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19242-19248. [PMID: 27883134 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection is confounded by the background signals from the biological environment, such as autofluorescence, Rayleigh scattering, or turbidity in cells and tissues. In this article, we report on the utilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an orthogonal probe for non-fluorescence detection of single molecules with a transient absorption microscopy (TAM). The developed system and concepts were validated by quantitative evaluation of human epidermal receptor 2 (Her2) mRNA in cancer cells and tissues at single copy sensitivity. Results from TAM suggest that the average number of Her2 copies in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells is 203.19 ± 80.48, and 11.29 ± 4.47, respectively. Furthermore, TAM offers excellent signal-to-noise ratio in detecting mRNA in clinical tissues, indicating a significantly higher expression of Her2 genes in breast cancer tissues than that of normal tissues. Our single cell quantification TAM strategy was validated with a fluorescence in situ hybridization approach. Our demonstration shows that TAM has the potential to provide a new dimension in biomarker quantification at single molecule sensitivity in turbid biological environments providing a strong basis for clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA. and Biochemical Spatio-Temporal NetWork Resource (BioSNTR), State of South Dakota, USA
| | - Joseph M K Irudayaraj
- Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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21
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Valley DT, Ferry VE, Flannigan DJ. Imaging Intra- and Interparticle Acousto-plasmonic Vibrational Dynamics with Ultrafast Electron Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7302-7308. [PMID: 27797209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report real-space, time-resolved imaging of coherently excited acoustic phonon modes in plasmonic nanoparticles via femtosecond electron imaging with an ultrafast electron microscope. The particles studied were cetyl trimethylammonium bromide stabilized Au nanorods (40 × 120 nm), and the particular specimen configurations for which photoinduced vibrational modes were visualized consisted of a single, isolated nanocrystal and a cluster of four irregularly arranged and randomly oriented particles, all supported on an amorphous Si3N4 membrane. In both configurations, we are able to resolve discrete intraparticle acoustic phonon modes via diffraction-contrast modulation with bright-field femtosecond electron imaging. For the single nanorod, we spatiotemporally mapped the intraparticle vibrational energy distribution and decay times. With Fourier filtering, acoustic phonons ranging from 4 to 30 GHz (250 to 33 ps periods, respectively) were visualized, corresponding to bending, extensional, and higher-order modes. Furthermore, heterogeneously distributed intraparticle decay times, ranging from 3 to 10 ns, were spatially mapped, indicating a strong dependence on coupling of the mode to the underlying substrate. For a cluster of four randomly oriented nanorods, we are able to image acoustic phonon modes that are strongly localized to particular particle-particle contact regions within the aggregate. A vibrational mode occurring at 27 GHz (37 ps period) was observed to occur at a 10 nm side-to-end contact region, with other intraparticle points at distances of 20 and 50 nm from the region showing no such dynamics, although the initial few-picosecond diffraction-contrast response was observed changing sign in moving from the end to the center of the particle. Excellent agreement is found between the spatiotemporally mapped vibrational-mode symmetries and finite-element simulations of supported modes in a polymer-coated Au nanorod supported on a Si3N4 membrane. This experiment resolves both the structure and dynamic properties of the plasmonic assembly, providing insight into the characteristics of complex plasmonic assemblies that ultimately determine their response to ultrafast excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Valley
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vivian E Ferry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David J Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota , 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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22
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Jean C, Belliard L, Cornelius TW, Thomas O, Pennec Y, Cassinelli M, Toimil-Molares ME, Perrin B. Spatiotemporal Imaging of the Acoustic Field Emitted by a Single Copper Nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6592-6598. [PMID: 27657670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The monochromatic and geometrically anisotropic acoustic field generated by 400 and 120 nm diameter copper nanowires simply dropped on a 10 μm silicon membrane is investigated in transmission using three-dimensional time-resolved femtosecond pump-probe experiments. Two pump-probe time-resolved experiments are carried out at the same time on both sides of the silicon substrate. In reflection, the first radial breathing mode of the nanowire is excited and detected. In transmission, the longitudinal and shear waves are observed. The longitudinal signal is followed by a monochromatic component associated with the relaxation of the nanowire's first radial breathing mode. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations are performed and accurately reproduce the diffracted field. A shape anisotropy resulting from the large aspect ratio of the nanowire is detected in the acoustic field. The orientation of the underlying nanowires is thus acoustically deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Jean
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7588 , Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Belliard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7588 , Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas W Cornelius
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7334, IM2NP , F-13397 Marseille Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Thomas
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7334, IM2NP , F-13397 Marseille Cedex, France
| | - Yan Pennec
- Institut d'électronique, de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR CNRS 8520, UFR de physique, Université de Lille-1, Cité scientifique , 59652 Villeneuve-d'Ascq cedex, France
| | - Marco Cassinelli
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Bernard Perrin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR 7588 , Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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23
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Xiang D, Wu J, Rottler J, Gordon R. Threshold for Terahertz Resonance of Nanoparticles in Water. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3638-3641. [PMID: 27203117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle vibrations are coupled to light through electrostriction, which gives nonlinear optical scattering. We investigated the acoustic response of 2 nm gold nanoparticles using a nearly degenerate four-wave mixing experimental configuration and show that the nonlinear response suddenly turns on at low powers (<100 mW) for continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The observed nonlinear response is a million times larger than typical electronic nonlinearities. The threshold implies a dramatic change in the quality factor of the vibrating nanoparticles, 4 orders of magnitude larger than usual hydrodynamic theory predicts. It is as if the water is removed altogether, which we speculate is the result of the vibrating particle pushing away the water molecules to form a stable cavity. Because these acoustic vibrations extend to terahertz frequencies, there is potential to harness this effect for high speed optical data processing, as well as to probe the dynamics of proteins all having acoustic modes in this range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Xiang
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jörg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
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24
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Della Picca F, Berte R, Rahmani M, Albella P, Bujjamer JM, Poblet M, Cortés E, Maier SA, Bragas AV. Tailored Hypersound Generation in Single Plasmonic Nanoantennas. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1428-1434. [PMID: 26814800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort laser pulses impinging on a plasmonic nanostructure trigger a highly dynamic scenario in the interplay of electronic relaxation with lattice vibrations, which can be experimentally probed via the generation of coherent phonons. In this Letter, we present studies of hypersound generation in the range of a few to tens of gigahertz on single gold plasmonic nanoantennas, which have additionally been subjected to predesigned mechanical constraints via silica bridges. Using these hybrid gold/silica nanoantennas, we demonstrate experimentally and via numerical simulations how mechanical constraints allow control over their vibrational mode spectrum. Degenerate pump-probe techniques with double modulation are performed in order to detect the small changes produced in the probe transmission by the mechanical oscillations of these single nanoantennas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Della Picca
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica, Departmento de Física, FCEN-IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Berte
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil , Brasilia, DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Mohsen Rahmani
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Albella
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Juan M Bujjamer
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica, Departmento de Física, FCEN-IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Poblet
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica, Departmento de Física, FCEN-IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan A Maier
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea V Bragas
- Laboratorio de Electrónica Cuántica, Departmento de Física, FCEN-IFIBA CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Gruenke NL, Cardinal MF, McAnally MO, Frontiera RR, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP. Ultrafast and nonlinear surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2263-90. [PMID: 26848784 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the potential to study molecular dynamics near plasmonic surfaces to better understand plasmon-mediated chemical reactions such as plasmonically-enhanced photocatalytic or photovoltaic processes. This review discusses the combination of ultrafast Raman spectroscopic techniques with plasmonic substrates for high temporal resolution, high sensitivity, and high spatial resolution vibrational spectroscopy. First, we introduce background information relevant to ultrafast SERS: the mechanisms of surface enhancement in Raman scattering, the characterization of plasmonic materials with ultrafast techniques, and early complementary techniques to study molecule-plasmon interactions. We then discuss recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies with ultrafast pulses with a focus on the study of molecule-plasmon coupling and molecular dynamics with high sensitivity. We also highlight the challenges faced by this field by the potential damage caused by concentrated, highly energetic pulsed fields in plasmonic hotspots, and finally the potential for future ultrafast SERS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Gruenke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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26
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Devadas MS, Devkota T, Johns P, Li Z, Lo SS, Yu K, Huang L, Hartland GV. Imaging nano-objects by linear and nonlinear optical absorption microscopies. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:354001. [PMID: 26266335 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/35/354001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Absorption based microscopy measurements are emerging as important tools for studying nanomaterials. This review discusses the three most common techniques for performing these experiments: transient absorption microscopy, photothermal heterodyne imaging, and spatial modulation spectroscopy. The focus is on the application of these techniques to imaging and detection, using examples taken from the authors' laboratory. The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are discussed, with an emphasis on the unique information that can be obtained from these experiments, in comparison to conventional emission or scattering based microscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sajini Devadas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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27
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Yu K, Major TA, Chakraborty D, Devadas MS, Sader JE, Hartland GV. Compressible Viscoelastic Liquid Effects Generated by the Breathing Modes of Isolated Metal Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:3964-3970. [PMID: 25978787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transient absorption microscopy is used to examine the breathing modes of single gold nanowires in highly viscous liquids. By performing measurements on the same wire in air and liquid, the damping contribution from the liquid can be separated from the intrinsic damping of the nanowire. The results show that viscous liquids strongly reduce the vibrational lifetimes but not to the extent predicted by standard models for nanomaterial-liquid interactions. To explain these results a general theory for compressible viscoelastic fluid-structure interactions is developed. The theory results are in good agreement with experiment, which confirms that compressible non-Newtonian flow phenomena are important for vibrating nanostructures. This is the first theoretical study and experimental measurement of the compressible viscoelastic properties of simple liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Todd A Major
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ‡School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mary Sajini Devadas
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - John E Sader
- ‡School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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28
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Chang WS, Wen F, Chakraborty D, Su MN, Zhang Y, Shuang B, Nordlander P, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Tuning the acoustic frequency of a gold nanodisk through its adhesion layer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7022. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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29
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Crut A, Maioli P, Del Fatti N, Vallée F. Time-domain investigation of the acoustic vibrations of metal nanoparticles: size and encapsulation effects. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:98-108. [PMID: 24656934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic vibrations of single-metal and multi-material nanoparticles are studied by ultrafast pump-probe optical spectroscopy and described in the context of the continuous elastic model. The applicability of this model to the small size range, down to one nanometer, is discussed in the light of recent experimental data and ab initio calculations. Investigations of multi-material nano-objects stress the impact of the intra-particle interface on the characteristics of their vibrational modes, also yielding information on the composition and spatial distribution of the constituting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Crut
- FemtoNanoOptics Group, Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Paolo Maioli
- FemtoNanoOptics Group, Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Natalia Del Fatti
- FemtoNanoOptics Group, Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Vallée
- FemtoNanoOptics Group, Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Major TA, Lo SS, Yu K, Hartland GV. Time-Resolved Studies of the Acoustic Vibrational Modes of Metal and Semiconductor Nano-objects. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:866-874. [PMID: 26274080 DOI: 10.1021/jz4027248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been a number of transient absorption studies of the acoustic vibrational modes of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. This Perspective provides an overview of this work. The way that the frequencies of the observed modes depend on the size and shape of the particles is described, along with their damping. Future research directions are also discussed, especially how these measurements provide information about the way nano-objects interact with their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Major
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Shun Shang Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Kuai Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
| | - Gregory V Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, United States
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Crut A, Maioli P, Del Fatti N, Vallée F. Optical absorption and scattering spectroscopies of single nano-objects. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3921-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yan Z, Pelton M, Vigderman L, Zubarev ER, Scherer NF. Why single-beam optical tweezers trap gold nanowires in three dimensions. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8794-8800. [PMID: 24041038 DOI: 10.1021/nn403936z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding whether noble-metal nanostructures can be trapped optically and under what conditions will enable a range of applications that exploit their plasmonic properties. However, there are several nontrivial issues that first need to be resolved. A major one is that metal particles experience strong radiation pressure in optical beams, while stable optical trapping requires an attractive force greater than this radiation pressure. Therefore, it has generally been considered impossible to obtain sufficiently strong gradient forces using single-beam optical tweezers to trap relatively large metal nanostructures in three dimensions. Here we demonstrate that a single, tightly focused laser beam with a wavelength of 800 nm can achieve three-dimensional optical trapping of individual gold (Au) nanowires with lengths over 2 μm. Nanowires can be trapped by the beam at one of their ends, in which case they undergo significant angular fluctuations due to Brownian motion of the untrapped end. They can also be trapped close to their midpoints, in which case they are oriented approximately perpendicular to the light polarization direction. The behavior is markedly different from that of Ag nanowires with similar length and diameter, which cannot be trapped in three dimensions by a single focused Gaussian beam. Our results, including electrodynamics simulations that help to explain our experimental findings, suggest that the conventional wisdom, which holds that larger metal particles cannot be trapped, needs to be replaced with an understanding based on the details of plasmon resonances in the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Yan
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Dacosta Fernandes B, Spuch-Calvar M, Baida H, Tréguer-Delapierre M, Oberlé J, Langot P, Burgin J. Acoustic vibrations of Au nano-bipyramids and their modification under Ag deposition: a perspective for the development of nanobalances. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7630-7639. [PMID: 23987911 DOI: 10.1021/nn402076m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the acoustic vibrations of gold nanobipyramids and bimetallic gold-silver core-shell bipyramids, synthesized by wet chemistry techniques, using a high-sensitivity pump-probe femtosecond setup. Three modes were observed and characterized in the gold core particles for lengths varying from 49 to 170 nm and diameters varying from 20 to 40 nm. The two strongest modes have been associated with the fundamental extensional and its first harmonic, and a weak mode has been associated with the fundamental radial mode, in very good agreement with numerical simulations. We then derived linear laws linking the periods to the dimensions both experimentally and numerically. To go further, we investigated the evolution of these modes under silver deposition on gold core bipyramids. We studied the evolution of the periods of the extensional modes, which were found to be in good qualitative agreement with numerical simulations. Moreover, we observed a strong enhancement of the radial mode amplitude when silver is deposited: we are typically sensitive to the deposition of 40 attograms of silver per gold core particle. This opens up possible applications in the field of mass sensing, where metallic nanobalances have an important role to play, taking advantage of their robustness and versatility.
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Yu K, Zijlstra P, Sader JE, Xu QH, Orrit M. Damping of acoustic vibrations of immobilized single gold nanorods in different environments. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2710-2716. [PMID: 23638918 DOI: 10.1021/nl400876w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the acoustic vibrations of single gold nanorods deposited on a glass substrate immersed in air and water by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. The nanorods display two vibration modes, the breathing mode and the extensional mode. The damping time of the two modes is influenced by the environment, and a reduction of the quality factor is observed when the particles are immersed in water. The reduced quality factor of the breathing mode is in good agreement with a model that takes into account viscous damping and radiation of sound waves into the medium. The extension mode, however, is heavily damped when the particles are immersed in water, which is attributed to hydrodynamic lubrication forces between the nanoparticle and the glass substrate. Our results identify a new mode of damping in supported nanoparticles and indicate that the immersion medium can have different effects on different modes of vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Fedou J, Viarbitskaya S, Marty R, Sharma J, Paillard V, Dujardin E, Arbouet A. From patterned optical near-fields to high symmetry acoustic vibrations in gold crystalline platelets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4205-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43273k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Major TA, Crut A, Gao B, Lo SS, Fatti ND, Vallée F, Hartland GV. Damping of the acoustic vibrations of a suspended gold nanowire in air and water environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43330c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lo SS, Devadas MS, Major TA, Hartland GV. Optical detection of single nano-objects by transient absorption microscopy. Analyst 2013; 138:25-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an36097g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lo SS, Major TA, Petchsang N, Huang L, Kuno MK, Hartland GV. Charge carrier trapping and acoustic phonon modes in single CdTe nanowires. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5274-5282. [PMID: 22559050 DOI: 10.1021/nn3010526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanostructures produced by wet chemical synthesis are extremely heterogeneous, which makes single particle techniques a useful way to interrogate their properties. In this paper the ultrafast dynamics of single CdTe nanowires are studied by transient absorption microscopy. The wires have lengths of several micrometers and lateral dimensions on the order of 30 nm. The transient absorption traces show very fast decays, which are assigned to charge carrier trapping into surface defects. The time constants vary for different wires due to differences in the energetics and/or density of surface trap sites. Measurements performed at the band edge compared to the near-IR give slightly different time constants, implying that the dynamics for electron and hole trapping are different. The rate of charge carrier trapping was observed to slow down at high carrier densities, which was attributed to trap-state filling. Modulations due to the fundamental and first overtone of the acoustic breathing mode were also observed in the transient absorption traces. The quality factors for these modes were similar to those measured for metal nanostructures, and indicate a complex interaction with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Shang Lo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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Cardinal MF, Mongin D, Crut A, Maioli P, Rodríguez-González B, Pérez-Juste J, Liz-Marzán LM, Del Fatti N, Vallée F. Acoustic Vibrations in Bimetallic Au@Pd Core-Shell Nanorods. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:613-619. [PMID: 26286157 DOI: 10.1021/jz3000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The acoustic vibrations of gold nanorods coated with palladium were investigated as a function of Pd amount using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy. Both the extensional and breathing vibrational modes of the nanorods were coherently excited and detected. This permits precise determination of their periods, which were found to decrease and increase with Pd deposition, for the extensional and vibrational modes, respectively. These opposite behaviors reflect changes of the nanoparticle size and mechanical properties, in agreement with numerical simulations. Comparison of experimental and computed periods yields information on the amount of deposited Pd, providing a novel tool to characterize bicomponent nano-objects for small fractions of one of the components (Pd/Au atomic fraction down to 5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Cardinal
- †Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- ‡International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, 4710229, Portugal
| | - Denis Mongin
- §FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LASIM, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélien Crut
- §FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LASIM, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Paolo Maioli
- §FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LASIM, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- †Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- †Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Natalia Del Fatti
- §FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LASIM, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Vallée
- §FemtoNanoOptics Group, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, LASIM, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Ruijgrok PV, Zijlstra P, Tchebotareva AL, Orrit M. Damping of acoustic vibrations of single gold nanoparticles optically trapped in water. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:1063-9. [PMID: 22251064 DOI: 10.1021/nl204311q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We combine ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy with optical trapping to study homogeneous damping of the acoustic vibrations of single gold nanospheres (80 nm diameter) and nanorods (25 nm diameter by 60 nm length) in water. We find a significant particle-to-particle variation in damping times. Our results indicate that vibrational damping occurs not only by dissipation into the liquid, but also by damping mechanisms intrinsic to the particle. Our experiment opens the study of mechanisms of intrinsic mechanical dissipation in metals at frequencies 1-1000 GHz, a range that has been difficult to access thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Ruijgrok
- Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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