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Dongare PD, Zhao Y, Renard D, Yang J, Neumann O, Metz J, Yuan L, Alabastri A, Nordlander P, Halas NJ. A 3D Plasmonic Antenna-Reactor for Nanoscale Thermal Hotspots and Gradients. ACS Nano 2021; 15:8761-8769. [PMID: 33900744 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas focus light below the diffraction limit, creating strong field enhancements, typically within a nanoscale junction. Placing a nanostructure within the junction can greatly enhance the nanostructure's innate optical absorption, resulting in intense photothermal heating that could ultimately compromise both the nanostructure and the nanoantenna. Here, we demonstrate a three-dimensional "antenna-reactor" geometry that results in large nanoscale thermal gradients, inducing large local temperature increases in the confined nanostructure reactor while minimizing the temperature increase of the surrounding antenna. The nanostructure is supported on an insulating substrate within the antenna gap, while the antenna maintains direct contact with an underlying thermal conductor. Elevated local temperatures are quantified, and high local temperature gradients that thermally reshape only the internal reactor element within each antenna-reactor structure are observed. We also show that high local temperature increases of nominally 200 °C are achievable within antenna-reactors patterned into large extended arrays. This simple strategy can facilitate standoff optical generation of high-temperature hotspots, which may be useful in applications such as small-volume, high-throughput chemical processes, where reaction efficiencies depend exponentially on local temperature.
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Ostovar B, Su MN, Renard D, Clark BD, Dongare PD, Dutta C, Gross N, Sader JE, Landes CF, Chang WS, Halas NJ, Link S. Acoustic Vibrations of Al Nanocrystals: Size, Shape, and Crystallinity Revealed by Single-Particle Transient Extinction Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3924-3934. [PMID: 32286064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic vibrations in plasmonic nanoparticles, monitored by an all-optical means, have attracted significant increasing interest because they provide unique insight into the mechanical properties of these metallic nanostructures. Al nanostructures are a recently emerging alternative to noble metal nanoparticles, because their broad wavelength tunability and high natural abundance make them ideal for many potential applications. Here, we investigate the acoustic vibrations of individual Al nanocrystals using a combination of electron microscopy and single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy, made possible with a low-pulse energy, high sensitivity, and probe-wavelength-tunable, single-particle transient extinction microscope. For chemically synthesized, faceted Al nanocrystals, the observed vibration frequency scales with the inverse particle diameter. In contrast, triangularly shaped Al nanocrystals support two distinct frequencies, corresponding to their in- and out-of-plane breathing modes. Unlike ensemble measurements, which measure average properties, measuring the damping time of the acoustic vibrations for individual particles enables us to investigate variations of the quality factor on the particle-to-particle level. Surprisingly, we find a large variation in quality factors even for nanocrystals of similar size and shape. This observed heterogeneity appears to result from substantially varying degrees of nanoparticle crystallinity even for chemically synthesized nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts 02747, United States
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Abstract
The ever-increasing global need for potable water requires practical, sustainable approaches for purifying abundant alternative sources such as seawater, high-salinity processed water, or underground reservoirs. Evaporation-based solutions are of particular interest for treating high salinity water, since conventional methods such as reverse osmosis have increasing energy requirements for higher concentrations of dissolved minerals. Demonstration of efficient water evaporation with heat localization in nanoparticle solutions under solar illumination has led to the recent rapid development of sustainable, solar-driven distillation methods. Given the amount of solar energy available per square meter at the Earth's surface, however, it is important to utilize these incident photons as efficiently as possible to maximize clean water output. Here we show that merely focusing incident sunlight into small "hot spots" on a photothermally active desalination membrane dramatically increases--by more than 50%--the flux of distilled water. This large boost in efficiency results from the nearly exponential dependence of water vapor saturation pressure on temperature, and therefore on incident light intensity. Exploiting this inherent but previously unrecognized optical nonlinearity should enable the design of substantially higher-throughput solar thermal desalination methods. This property provides a mechanism capable of enhancing a far wider range of photothermally driven processes with supralinear intensity dependence, such as light-driven chemical reactions and separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha D Dongare
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Oara Neumann
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005;
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005;
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
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Su MN, Ciccarino CJ, Kumar S, Dongare PD, Hosseini Jebeli SA, Renard D, Zhang Y, Ostovar B, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Halas NJ, Sundararaman R, Narang P, Link S. Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Single Aluminum Nanostructures. Nano Lett 2019; 19:3091-3097. [PMID: 30935208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum nanostructures are a promising alternative material to noble metal nanostructures for several photonic and catalytic applications, but their ultrafast electron dynamics remain elusive. Here, we combine single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy and parameter-free first-principles calculations to investigate the non-equilibrium carrier dynamics in aluminum nanostructures. Unlike gold nanostructures, we find the sub-picosecond optical response of lithographically fabricated aluminum nanodisks to be more sensitive to the lattice temperature than the electron temperature. We assign the rise in the transient transmission to electron-phonon coupling with a pump-power-independent lifetime of 500 ± 100 fs and theoretically confirm this strong electron-phonon coupling behavior. We also measure electron-phonon lifetimes in chemically synthesized aluminum nanocrystals and find them to be even longer (1.0 ± 0.1 ps) than for the nanodisks. We also observe a rise and decay in the transient transmissions with amplitudes that scale with the surface-to-volume ratio of the aluminum nanodisks, implying a possible hot carrier trapping and detrapping at the native oxide shell-metal core interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sushant Kumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ravishankar Sundararaman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
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Yi C, Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Cai YY, Marolf DM, Kress RN, Ostovar B, Tauzin LJ, Wen F, Chang WS, Jones MR, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Polycrystallinity of Lithographically Fabricated Plasmonic Nanostructures Dominates Their Acoustic Vibrational Damping. Nano Lett 2018; 18:3494-3501. [PMID: 29715035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of acoustic vibrations in nanoparticles provides unique and unparalleled insight into their mechanical properties. Electron-beam lithography of nanostructures allows precise manipulation of their acoustic vibration frequencies through control of nanoscale morphology. However, the dissipation of acoustic vibrations in this important class of nanostructures has not yet been examined. Here we report, using single-particle ultrafast transient extinction spectroscopy, the intrinsic damping dynamics in lithographically fabricated plasmonic nanostructures. We find that in stark contrast to chemically synthesized, monocrystalline nanoparticles, acoustic energy dissipation in lithographically fabricated nanostructures is solely dominated by intrinsic damping. A quality factor of Q = 11.3 ± 2.5 is observed for all 147 nanostructures, regardless of size, geometry, frequency, surface adhesion, and mode. This result indicates that the complex Young's modulus of this material is independent of frequency with its imaginary component being approximately 11 times smaller than its real part. Substrate-mediated acoustic vibration damping is strongly suppressed, despite strong binding between the glass substrate and Au nanostructures. We anticipate that these results, characterizing the optomechanical properties of lithographically fabricated metal nanostructures, will help inform their design for applications such as photoacoustic imaging agents, high-frequency resonators, and ultrafast optical switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyue Yi
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Man-Nung Su
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Pratiksha D Dongare
- Applied Physics Graduate Program , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Debadi Chakraborty
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - David M Marolf
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Rachael N Kress
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Behnaz Ostovar
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Lawrence J Tauzin
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Fangfang Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - John E Sader
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Mathematics and Statistics , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , VIC 3010 , Australia
| | - Naomi J Halas
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
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Su MN, Dongare PD, Chakraborty D, Zhang Y, Yi C, Wen F, Chang WS, Nordlander P, Sader JE, Halas NJ, Link S. Optomechanics of Single Aluminum Nanodisks. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2575-2583. [PMID: 28301725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum nanostructures support tunable surface plasmon resonances and have become an alternative to gold nanoparticles. Whereas gold is the most-studied plasmonic material, aluminum has the advantage of high earth abundance and hence low cost. In addition to understanding the size and shape tunability of the plasmon resonance, the fundamental relaxation processes in aluminum nanostructures after photoexcitation must be understood to take full advantage of applications such as photocatalysis and photodetection. In this work, we investigate the relaxation following ultrafast pulsed excitation and the launching of acoustic vibrations in individual aluminum nanodisks, using single-particle transient extinction spectroscopy. We find that the transient extinction signal can be assigned to a thermal relaxation of the photoexcited electrons and phonons. The ultrafast heating-induced launching of in-plane acoustic vibrations reveals moderate binding to the glass substrate and is affected by the native aluminum oxide layer. Finally, we compare the behavior of aluminum nanodisks to that of similarly prepared and sized gold nanodisks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debadi Chakraborty
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John E Sader
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Gupta P, Dongare PD, Grover S, Dubey S, Mamgain H, Bhattacharya A, Deshmukh MM. A facile process for soak-and-peel delamination of CVD graphene from substrates using water. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3882. [PMID: 24457558 PMCID: PMC3900997 DOI: 10.1038/srep03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple technique to transfer chemical vapour deposited (CVD) graphene from copper and platinum substrates using a soak-and-peel delamination technique utilizing only hot deionized water. The lack of chemical etchants results in cleaner CVD graphene films minimizing unintentional doping, as confirmed by Raman and electrical measurements. The process allows the reuse of substrates and hence can enable the use of oriented substrates for growth of higher quality graphene, and is an inherently inexpensive and scalable process for large-area production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Gupta
- 1] Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India [2]
| | - Pratiksha D Dongare
- 1] Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India [2] Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Vidyavihar Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India [3]
| | - Sameer Grover
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sudipta Dubey
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | | | - Arnab Bhattacharya
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Mandar M Deshmukh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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