1
|
Bae G, Cho H, Hong BH. A review on synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:372001. [PMID: 38853586 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad55d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A new type of 0-dimensional carbon-based materials called graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is gaining significant attention as a non-toxic and eco-friendly nanomaterial. GQDs are nanomaterials composed of sp2hybridized carbon domains and functional groups, with their lateral size less than 10 nm. The unique and exceptional physical, chemical, and optical properties arising from the combination of graphene structure and quantum confinement effect due to their nano-size make GQDs more intriguing than other nanomaterials. Particularly, the low toxicity and high solubility derived from the carbon core and abundant edge functional groups offer significant advantages for the application of GQDs in the biomedical field. In this review, we summarize various synthetic methods for preparing GQDs and important factors influencing the physical, chemical, optical, and biological properties of GQDs. Furthermore, the recent application of GQDs in the biomedical field, including biosensor, bioimaging, drug delivery, and therapeutics are discussed. Through this, we provide a brief insight on the tremendous potential of GQDs in biomedical applications and the challenges that need to be overcome in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee EJ, Kim JY, Kim YB, Kim SK. Microwave-transparent metallic metamaterials for autonomous driving safety. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4516. [PMID: 38802433 PMCID: PMC11130274 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the surface transparency of protective covers using transparent heaters in extreme weather is imperative for enhancing safety in autonomous driving. However, achieving both high transmittance and low sheet resistance, two key performance indicators for transparent heaters, is inherently challenging. Here, inspired by metamaterial design, we report microwave-transparent, low-sheet-resistance heaters for automotive radars. Ultrathin (approximately one ten-thousandth of the wavelength), electrically connected metamaterials on a millimetre-thick dielectric cover provide near-unity transmission at specific frequencies within the W band (75-110 GHz), despite their metal filling ratio exceeding 70 %. These metamaterials yield the desired phase delay to adjust Fabry-Perot resonance at each target frequency. Fabricated microwave-transparent heaters exhibit exceptionally low sheet resistance (0.41 ohm/sq), thereby heating the dielectric cover above 180 °C at a nominal bias of 3 V. Defrosting tests demonstrate their thermal capability to swiftly remove thin ice layers in sub-zero temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bin Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren M, Mao B, Ding P, Niu L, Yuan Z, Jia X, Wang Z, Xu K, Wang J. Improvement of electrothermal and photothermal properties of ultra-thin graphite film on oxygen plasma-treated polyimide substrate. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235703. [PMID: 38417173 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2e4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives are widely used in the field of energy conversion and management due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this paper, ultra-thin graphite film (GF) with thickness of 100-150 nm prepared by chemical vapor deposition was transferred to oxygen plasma-treated polyimide (PI) substrate as flexible heating film. The electrothermal and photothermal properties of GF on PI substrates with different treatment time were studied. The experimental results show that the PI substrate pretreated by oxygen plasma can change the surface morphology of GF, increase its electrical conductivity and light absorption capacity, and significantly improve the electrothermal and photothermal properties of GF heater. Under the low applied voltage of 5 V (power density of 0.81 W cm-2), the surface temperature of GF on 40 min plasma-treated PI substrate can rise to 250 °C, which is nearly 50 °C higher than that of GF on untreated PI substrate. When 100 nm thick commercial multilayer graphene film (MLG) is used, plasma-treated PI substrate can increase the electric heating temperature of MLG by 70 °C. In terms of photothermal performance, the surface temperature of GF on 50 min plasma-treated PI substrate can reach 73 °C under one Sun irradiation, which is 8 °C higher than that on untreated substrate. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation research. Our strategy has important implications for the development of efficient and energy-saving graphene/graphite-based heating films for advanced electrothermal and photothermal conversion devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuai Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Applied Technologies, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiao Wang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cho H, Bae G, Hong BH. Engineering functionalization and properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with controllable synthesis for energy and display applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3347-3378. [PMID: 38288500 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a new type of 0D nanomaterial, are composed of a graphene lattice with sp2 bonding carbon core and characterized by their abundant edges and wide surface area. This unique structure imparts excellent electrical properties and exceptional physicochemical adsorption capabilities to GQDs. Additionally, the reduction in dimensionality of graphene leads to an open band gap in GQDs, resulting in their unique optical properties. The functional groups and dopants in GQDs are key factors that allow the modulation of these characteristics. So, controlling the functionalization level of GQDs is crucial for understanding their characteristics and further application. This review provides an overview of the properties and structure of GQDs and summarizes recent developments in research that focus on their controllable synthesis, involving functional groups and doping. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive and focused explanation of how GQDs have been advantageously applied in recent years, particularly in the fields of energy storage devices and displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Katiyar AK, Hoang AT, Xu D, Hong J, Kim BJ, Ji S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:318-419. [PMID: 38055207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential to provide new and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges in various electronic fields. These electronics require specific material properties and performance because they need to be integrated into a variety of surfaces or folded and rolled for newly formatted electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with other materials, enabling the creation of various flexible electronic devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in developing flexible electronic devices using 2D materials. In addition, it highlights the key aspects of materials, scalable material production, and device fabrication processes for flexible applications, along with important examples of demonstrations that achieved breakthroughs in various flexible and wearable electronic applications. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions about this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang K, Wu Y, Wang W, Chen W, Si C, Yao H, Wang Z, Lv L, Yang Z, Yu Y, Li J, Wu X, Han M, Wang Y, Wang H. Stretchable, flexible fabric heater based on carbon nanotubes and water polyurethane nanocomposites by wet spinning process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:125706. [PMID: 38108219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters are essential for people living in cold regions, but creating heaters that are low-cost, lightweight, and high air permeability poses challenges. In this study, we developed a wearable heater using carbon nanotube/water polyurethane (CNT/WPU) nanocomposite fibers that achieve high extension rate and conductivity. We produced low-cost and mass-produced fibers using the wet spinning. With heat treatment, we increased the elongation rate of the fibers to 1893.8% and decreased the resistivity to 0.07 Ω*m. then wove the fibers into a heating fabric using warp knitting, that resistance is 493 Ω. Achieved a uniform temperature of 58 °C at voltage of 36 V, with a thermal stability fluctuation of -5.0 °C to +6.3 °C when bent from 0° to 360°. Our results show that wearable heaters have excellent flexibility and stretchability, due to nanocomposite fibers and special braided structure, which offer a novel idea for wearable heaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yajin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- Flow Meter Branch, Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co., Ltd, No.61 Middle Huangshan Avenue, North New Area, Chongqing 401123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghong Han
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, No.70 Heping Road, Weihai 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Won D, Bang J, Choi SH, Pyun KR, Jeong S, Lee Y, Ko SH. Transparent Electronics for Wearable Electronics Application. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9982-10078. [PMID: 37542724 PMCID: PMC10452793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in wearable electronics offer seamless integration with the human body for extracting various biophysical and biochemical information for real-time health monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and augmented reality. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to imparting stretchability/flexibility and softness to electronic devices through materials science and structural modifications that enable stable and comfortable integration of these devices with the curvilinear and soft human body. However, the optical properties of these devices are still in the early stages of consideration. By incorporating transparency, visual information from interfacing biological systems can be preserved and utilized for comprehensive clinical diagnosis with image analysis techniques. Additionally, transparency provides optical imperceptibility, alleviating reluctance to wear the device on exposed skin. This review discusses the recent advancement of transparent wearable electronics in a comprehensive way that includes materials, processing, devices, and applications. Materials for transparent wearable electronics are discussed regarding their characteristics, synthesis, and engineering strategies for property enhancements. We also examine bridging techniques for stable integration with the soft human body. Building blocks for wearable electronic systems, including sensors, energy devices, actuators, and displays, are discussed with their mechanisms and performances. Lastly, we summarize the potential applications and conclude with the remaining challenges and prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyeon Won
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junhyuk Bang
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seok Hwan Choi
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Rok Pyun
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seongmin Jeong
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Ko
- Applied
Nano and Thermal Science Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute
of Engineering Research/Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design
(SNU-IAMD), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vo TTB, Lim J, Joo SH, Kim H, Lee T, Bae JS, Jeong E, Kwon MS, Yun J, Choi D. Smooth, Chemically Altered Nucleating Platform for Abrupt Performance Enhancement of Ultrathin Cu-Layer-Based Transparent Electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37432884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in flexible optoelectronic devices necessitate the concomitant development of high-performance, cost-efficient, and flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). This Letter reports an abrupt enhancement in the optoelectronic characteristics of ultrathin Cu-layer-based TCEs via Ar+-mediated modulation of the chemical and physical states of a ZnO support surface. This approach strongly regulates the growth mode for the subsequently deposited Cu layer, in addition to marked alteration to the ZnO/Cu interface states, resulting in exceptional TCE performance in the form of ZnO/Cu/ZnO TCEs. The resultant Haacke figure of merit (T10/Rs) of 0.063 Ω-1, 53% greater than that of the unaltered, otherwise identical structure, corresponds to a record-high value for Cu-layer-based TCEs. Moreover, the enhanced TCE performance in this approach is shown to be highly sustainable under severe simultaneous loadings of electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Bao Vo
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwangro, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeun Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwangro, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyeon Joo
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwangro, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechang Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwangro, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeong Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwangro, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Bae
- Korea Basic Science Institute (Busan Center), 1 Gwahaksandanro, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunwook Jeong
- Extreme Materials Institute, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungheum Yun
- Extreme Materials Institute, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooho Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwangro, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng W, Su Y, Zhang C, Wang W, Xu L, Liu P, Wang J, Yu X, Zhang Y. Transparent superhydrophilic composite coating with anti-fogging and self-cleaning properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 642:255-263. [PMID: 37004259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic coatings have incomparable advantages in anti-fogging and self-cleaning but are limited to poor abrasion resistance and water resistance. Consequently, the research on the contradiction between hydrophilicity and water resistance, as well as abrasion resistance and visible transmittance, has become a focus of superhydrophilic coatings. Herein, we design a ceramic-polymer superhydrophilic composite coating with a high density, strong cross-linking structure, and smooth surface. Because of its static water contact angle (WCA = 3.2°) and short water spreading time (ST = 1878 ms), the transparent composite coating exhibits anti-fogging performance. Meanwhile, it exhibits anti-fogging durability even after 400 Taber abrasion cycles under a 250 g load or immersion in boiling water for 30 min. Furthermore, the result of self-cleaning characterization and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the low surface roughness endows the composite coating with excellent self-cleaning properties. The composite coating can effectively scavenge oil and dust pollution on its surface in a humid environment. Thus, the developed composite coating in this work is potential in the anti-fogging and self-cleaning fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Yifan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Churui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Lili Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Jinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Float Glass, CNBM Research Institute for Advanced Glass Materials Group Co., Ltd, Bengbu 233000, PR China.
| | - Xinquan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| | - Youfa Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hong Q, Jiang J, Zhou S, Xia G, Xu P, Zhu M, Xu W, Zhang J, Zhu Z. Silicon-Based On-Chip Tunable High-Q-Factor and Low-Power Fano Resonators with Graphene Nanoheaters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101636. [PMID: 37242052 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tunable and low-power microcavities are essential for large-scale photonic integrated circuits. Thermal tuning, a convenient and stable tuning method, has been widely adopted in optical neural networks and quantum information processing. Recently, graphene thermal tuning has been demonstrated to be a power-efficient technique, as it does not require thick spacers to prevent light absorption. In this paper, a silicon-based on-chip Fano resonator with graphene nanoheaters is proposed and fabricated. This novel Fano structure is achieved by introducing a scattering block, and it can be easily fabricated in large quantities. Experimental results demonstrate that the resonator has the characteristics of a high quality factor (∼31,000) and low state-switching power (∼1 mW). The temporal responses of the microcavity exhibit qualified modulation speed with 9.8 μs rise time and 16.6 μs fall time. The thermal imaging and Raman spectroscopy of graphene at different biases were also measured to intuitively show that the tuning is derived from the joule heating effect of graphene. This work provides an alternative for future large-scale tunable and low-power-consumption optical networks, and has potential applications in optical filters and switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Hong
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jinbao Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Gongyu Xia
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Mengjian Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dayananda HM, Makari HK, Sreepad HR. Carboxylated CNTs‐polyvinyl fluoride based electrical film heaters with improved mechanical properties. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakkimakki Manjegowda Dayananda
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India
- Department of Physics Government Science College (Autonomous) Hasan 573201 India
| | | | - Holalkere RamachandraRao Sreepad
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore 641046 India
- Department of Physics Government College (Autonomous) Mandya 571401 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Shangguan S, Wang X, Deng H, Qi D, Chen S, Zheng H. Spatially modulated femtosecond laser direct ablation-based preparation of ultra-flexible multifunctional copper mesh electrodes and its application. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39996-40008. [PMID: 36298940 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electrodes possess superior properties such as high photoelectric properties and high stability. Laser manufacturing process is one of the widely used method for electrode fabrication. However, the current multifunctional electrode laser manufacturing process suffers from low fabrication speed. Here, we report a high-efficiency laser digital patterning process to fabricate copper-based flexible transparent conducting electrodes. By using a spatially modulated, one single laser spot is modulated into an array of spots with equal intensity, and the fabrication speed can be improved by more than 20 times over the traditional single pulse processing. In addition, copper mesh electrodes with a high photoelectric property have been fabricated. A transparent touch screen panel and multifunctional windows are fabricated with transparent electrodes to demonstrate their use in vehicle defogging, portable heating, and wearable devices.
Collapse
|
13
|
Flexible stretchable electrothermally/photothermally dual-driven heaters from nano-embedded hierarchical Cu xS-Coated PET fabrics for all-weather wearable thermal management. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 624:564-578. [PMID: 35690011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional photoelectronic devices are recently attracting much more attention due to their potential enlarged applications. The flexible stretchable electrothermally/photothermally dual-driven heaters for all-weather wearable thermal management are presented in this work with nano-embedded hierarchical CuxS-coated PET fabrics. Herein, the hierarchical nano-embedded CuxS film is fabricated via a simple chemical bath method for high electrical conductivity and highly efficient inelastic collision of electro/photo-generated carriers. The hierarchical nano-embedded CuxS morphology produces the low sheet resistance of 1.26 Ω sq-1 and the super low total heat transfer coefficient of 3.256 × 10-5 W/oC·mm2, which lead to the high-efficient electro/photo-dual-driven heating effect in the CuxS@PET fabrics. The saturated temperature on the as-fabricated flexible wearable heaters reaches up to 172 °C. The thermal conversion devices also bear the excellent stability, reproducibility, stretchability, controllability and corrosion-resistant characteristics. Interestingly, their excellent thermal conversion performance could be achieved by freely exchanging the driving power sources, such as electricity-supplying equipment, 635-nm laser, infrared physiotherapy lamp and solar simulator, which provides a necessary precondition for the all-weather applications of flexible wearable heaters. The as-fabricated electro/photo-dual-driven heaters on the CuxS@PET fabrics have the promising applications in wearable electronics, all-weather self-heating facilities, out/in-vivo physiotherapy, and so on.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shankar U, Oberoi D, Bandyopadhyay A. A review on the alternative of indium tin oxide coated glass substrate in flexible and bendable organic optoelectronic device. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uday Shankar
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
- Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju South Korea
| | - Deepa Oberoi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Anasuya Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng R, Wang B, Zeng J, Li J, Xu J, Gao W, Chen K. High-Performance and Rapid-Response Electrical Heaters Derived from Cellulose Nanofiber/Silver Nanowire Nanopapers for Portable Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30144-30159. [PMID: 35642419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-performance electrical heaters with outstanding flexibility, superior portability, and mechanical properties are highly desirable for portable thermal management. However, it is still a huge challenge to simultaneously achieve competent electrical heating performances and excellent mechanical properties. Herein, inspired by the Janus structure, versatile electrical heaters are developed via a sequential assembly followed by a hot-pressing strategy. The elaborately designed Janus structure is composed of a nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) layer and a partially wrapped silver nanowire (AgNW) skeleton in the NFC substrate. Owing to the perfect introduction of nano-soldered points induced by thermal welding decoration, the resultant NFC/AgNW papers (NAPs) possess great flexibility, excellent mechanical strength (176.75 MPa), extremely low sheet resistance (0.60 Ω/sq), and superior electrical stabilities against mechanical deformations. Moreover, benefitting from these fascinating attributes, the NAP-based electrical heaters exhibit a remarkable heating temperature (∼220 °C), ultrafast electro-thermal response (<10 s), and groundbreaking long-term stability (∼105 °C for >186 h) and repeatability (>20,000 cycles) with low AgNW contents and driving voltages (0.5-5.0 V), which far surpass those of the previously reported and conventional indium tin oxide-based Joule heaters. Impressively, large-area production feasibilities of NAPs are demonstrated and assembled into multifunctional applications, including personal thermal management, healthcare thermotherapy, multifunctional cups, and smart homes, indicating their promising potential for wearable devices, artificial intelligence, and specific heating systems in the fields of aerospace, military, and intelligent life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- Plant Fiber Material Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang L, Jia K, Wang J, Zhao J, Tang J, Hu J. Stretchable and transparent ionogel-based heaters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1911-1920. [PMID: 35532948 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01775f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent heaters (THs) are widely used for various applications, such as in smart windows, deicers, defoggers, displays, and thermotherapy pads. The rapid development of flexible electronics has led to a demand for flexible and even stretchable THs. At present, most stretchable THs are designed using a combination of electronically conductive networks and flexible polymer materials. Electronic THs still face common challenges, such as a transparency-conductance trade-off, non-uniform heating, and poor interfacial adhesion. In this work, an ionic TH is reported based on a stretchable and transparent ionogel. Joule heating from an ionic current induced by alternating voltage functions as the heating source. This ionogel-based TH exhibits excellent and steady mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal properties, simultaneously solving the abovementioned three problems relating to electronic THs. Two simple applications of this ionogel-based TH are demonstrated: deicing and boiling water. This reported ionogel-based TH provides a new material choice and heating principle to compete with conventional electronic TH technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Kun Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jiayou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jingda Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jian Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dayananda HM, Makari HK, Sreepad HR. Enhanced mechanical properties and self‐heating performance of
few‐layer graphene‐poly
vinylidene fluoride based nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakkimakki Manjegowda Dayananda
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore India
- Department of Physics Government Science College (Autonomous) Hasan India
| | | | - Holalkere RamachandraRao Sreepad
- Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University Coimbatore India
- Department of Physics Government College (Autonomous) Mandya India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deokar G, Reguig A, Tripathi M, Buttner U, Fina A, Dalton AB, Costa PMFJ. Flexible, Air-Stable, High-Performance Heaters Based on Nanoscale-Thick Graphite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17899-17910. [PMID: 35357119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphite sheets are known to exhibit remarkable performance in applications such as heating panels and critical elements of thermal management systems. Industrial-scale production of graphite films relies on high-temperature treatment of polymers or calendering of graphite flakes; however, these methods are limited to obtaining micrometer-scale thicknesses. Herein, we report the fabrication of a flexible and power-efficient cm2-scaled heater based on a polycrystalline nanoscale-thick graphite film (NGF, ∼100 nm thick) grown by chemical vapor deposition. The stability of these NGF heaters (operational in air over the range 30-300 °C) is demonstrated by a 12-day continuous heating test, at 215 °C. The NGF exhibits a fast switching response and attains a steady peak temperature of 300 °C at a driving bias of 7.8 V (power density of 1.1 W/cm2). This excellent heating performance is attributed to the structural characteristics of the NGF, which contains well-distributed wrinkles and micrometer-wide few-layer graphene domains (characterized using conductive imaging and finite element methods, respectively). The efficiency and flexibility of the NGF device are exemplified by externally heating a 2000 μm-thick Pyrex glass vial and bringing 5 mL of water to a temperature of 96 °C (at 2.4 W/cm2). Overall, the NGF could become an excellent active material for ultrathin, flexible, and sustainable heating panels that operate at low power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Deokar
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdeldjalil Reguig
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Ulrich Buttner
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Fina
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li H, Li Z, Li N, Zhu X, Zhang YF, Sun L, Wang R, Zhang J, Yang Z, Yi H, Xu X, Lan H. 3D Printed High Performance Silver Mesh for Transparent Glass Heaters through Liquid Sacrificial Substrate Electric-Field-Driven Jet. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107811. [PMID: 35224846 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent glass with metal mesh is considered a promising strategy for high performance transparent glass heaters (TGHs). However, the realization of simple, low-cost manufacture of high performance TGHs still faces great challenges. Here, a technique for the fabrication of high performance TGHs is proposed using liquid sacrificial substrate electric-field-driven (LS-EFD) microscale 3D printing of thick film silver paste. The liquid sacrificial substrate not only significantly improves the aspect ratio (AR) of silver mesh, but also plays a positive role in printing stability. The fabricated TGHs with a line width of 35 µm, thickness of 12.3 µm, and pitch of 1000 µm exhibit a desirable optoelectronic performance with sheet resistance (Rs ) of 0.195 Ω sq-1 and transmittance (T) of 88.97%. A successful deicing test showcases the feasibility and practicality of the manufactured TGHs. Moreover, an interface evaporator is developed for the coordination of photothermal and electrothermal systems based on the high performance TGHs. The vapor generation rate of the device reaches 10.69 kg m-2 h-1 with a voltage of 2 V. The proposed technique is a promising strategy for the cost-effective and simple fabrication of high performance TGHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongke Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Zhang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Luanfa Sun
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| | - Zhongming Yang
- School of Information Science & Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hongbo Lan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control (Qingdao University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266520, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roza L, Abd Rahman MY, Yumni Z, Putro PA. Al-Doped SnO<sub>2</sub> as Transparent Heater: Influence of Deposition Time. MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM 2022; 1055:123-136. [DOI: 10.4028/p-4u1r7w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The research on transparent heater (Thf) films rapidly increases due to their unique photoelectric properties, leading to new generation of optoelectronic device. Here, we report a simple method to fabricate transparent heater based on Al-doped SnO2 (ASO) thin films. ASO films with 5 wt% Al as dopant were synthesized with various deposition times, namely, 5, 10 and 15 minutes using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The correlation of deposition time on their structural characteristic, optical, electrical and thermal properties has been investigated. X-ray diffraction studies found that all samples exhibit tetragonal structure with preferred orientation along (110) plane. Meanwhile, the UV-Vis transmittance indicated that the sample having good optical transparency in visible light spectrum with the average transmittance up to 89.7%. The sheet resistance of ASO thin films was found to decrease as the deposition time increases to 10 minutes. Furthermore, Al-doped SnO2 based transparent heater prepared with 10 minutes deposition time presents the excellent thermal temperature up to 76.3 °C at the applied voltage of 20 volt. The above findings reveal that Al-doped SnO2 can be used as an alternative compound to substitute higher cost indium tin oxide as transparent heater. Keywords: aluminium, composite, spray pyrolysis, SnO2, transparent heater
Collapse
|
21
|
Ali I, Shchegolkov A, Shchegolkov A, Zemtsova N, Bogoslovskiy V, Shigabaeva G, Galunin E, Hussain I, Almalki ASA, Alsharif MA, Alahmdi MI. Preparation and application practice of temperature self‐regulating flexible polymer electric heaters. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi India
| | - Alexandr Shchegolkov
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing Tambov State Technical University Tambov Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Shchegolkov
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing Tambov State Technical University Tambov Russian Federation
| | - Natalya Zemtsova
- Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing Tambov State Technical University Tambov Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Bogoslovskiy
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Russian Federation
| | - Gulnara Shigabaeva
- University of Tyumen Department of Organic and Ecological Chemistry Tyumen Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Galunin
- University of Tyumen Department of Organic and Ecological Chemistry Tyumen Russian Federation
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of General Studies Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City Jubail Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Meshari A. Alsharif
- Faculty of Applied Science, Department of Chemistry Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pham PV, Bodepudi SC, Shehzad K, Liu Y, Xu Y, Yu B, Duan X. 2D Heterostructures for Ubiquitous Electronics and Optoelectronics: Principles, Opportunities, and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6514-6613. [PMID: 35133801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A grand family of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures have been discovered through the extensive experimental and theoretical efforts of chemists, material scientists, physicists, and technologists. These pioneering works contribute to realizing the fundamental platforms to explore and analyze new physical/chemical properties and technological phenomena at the micro-nano-pico scales. Engineering 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials and their heterostructures via chemical and physical methods with a suitable choice of stacking order, thickness, and interlayer interactions enable exotic carrier dynamics, showing potential in high-frequency electronics, broadband optoelectronics, low-power neuromorphic computing, and ubiquitous electronics. This comprehensive review addresses recent advances in terms of representative 2D materials, the general fabrication methods, and characterization techniques and the vital role of the physical parameters affecting the quality of 2D heterostructures. The main emphasis is on 2D heterostructures and 3D-bulk (3D) hybrid systems exhibiting intrinsic quantum mechanical responses in the optical, valley, and topological states. Finally, we discuss the universality of 2D heterostructures with representative applications and trends for future electronics and optoelectronics (FEO) under the challenges and opportunities from physical, nanotechnological, and material synthesis perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong V Pham
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center (HIC), Zhejiang University, Xiaoshan 311200, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-UIUC Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314400, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Barmpakos D, Belessi V, Xanthopoulos N, Krontiras CA, Kaltsas G. Flexible Inkjet-Printed Heaters Utilizing Graphene-Based Inks. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1173. [PMID: 35161917 PMCID: PMC8839321 DOI: 10.3390/s22031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermal sensors are mainly based on the selective heating of specific areas, which in most cases is a critical feature for both the operation and the performance of the thermal device. In this work, we evaluate the thermoelectrical response of two graphitic materials, namely (a) a commercial 2.4%wt graphene-ethyl cellulose dispersion in cycloxehanone and terpineol (G) and (b) a custom functionalized reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) ink in the range of -40 to 100 °C. Both inks were printed on a flexible polyimide substrate and the Thermal Coefficients of Resistance (TCR) were extracted as TCRG = -1.05 × 10-3 °C-1 (R2 = 0.9938) and TCRf-rGO = -3.86 × 10-3 °C-1 (R2 = 0.9967). Afterward, the inkjet-printed devices were evaluated as microheaters, in order to exploit their advantage for cost-effective production with minimal material waste. f-rGO and G printed heaters reached a maximum temperature of 97.5 °C at 242 mW and 89.9 °C at 314 mW, respectively, applied by a constant current source and monitored by an infrared camera. Repeatability experiments were conducted, highlighting the high robustness in long-term use. The power-temperature behavior was extracted by self-heating experiments to demonstrate the ability of the devices to serve as heaters. Both static and dynamic evaluation were performed in order to study the device behaviors and extract the corresponding parameters. After all the experimental processes, the resistance of the samples was again evaluated and found to differ less than 13% from the initial value. In this work, fabrication via inkjet printing and demonstration of efficient and stable microheaters utilizing a custom ink (f-rGO) and a commercial graphene ink are presented. This approach is suitable for fabricating selectively heated geometries on non-planar substrate with high repeatability and endurance in heat cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Barmpakos
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece;
| | | | | | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen Y, Long J, Xie B, Kuang Y, Chen X, Hou M, Gao J, Liu H, He Y, Wong CP. One-Step Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Fluorine-Doped Graphene Achieving Superhydrophobic Properties and Its Application in Deicing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4647-4655. [PMID: 35015501 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Joule heaters based on flexible thin films have attracted a significant amount of attention in both academia and the industry. However, it has been highly challenging to fabricate such heaters. In this study, a one-step laser induction method was proposed to prepare fluorine-doped laser-induced graphene (F-LIG) with stable and superhydrophobic properties by confining a 355 nm ultraviolet laser at the interface between the fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film and polyimide (PI) film. The superhydrophobic properties of the F-LIG composite films could be attributed to the doping of fluorine elements and the laser-processed microstructures, which could be tuned by laser processing parameters. Based on the processed F-LIG films, Joule deicing heaters were developed and their deicing efficiencies are 7 times higher than that of the undoped LIG-based deicing heater. The method will provide new means and ideas to develop LIG-based flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junyu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yicheng Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Maoxiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huilong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunbo He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Claypole A, Claypole J, Bezodis N, Kilduff L, Gethin D, Claypole T. Printed Nanocarbon Heaters for Stretchable Sport and Leisure Garments. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020573. [PMID: 35057291 PMCID: PMC8779039 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to maintain body temperature has been shown to bring about improvements in sporting performance. However, current solutions are limited with regards to flexibility, heating uniformity and robustness. An innovative screen-printed Nanocarbon heater is demonstrated which is robust to bending, folding, tensile extensions of up to 20% and machine washing. This combination of ink and substrate enables the heated garments to safely flex without impeding the wearer. It is capable of producing uniform heating over a 15 × 4 cm area using a conductive ink based on a blend of Graphite Nanoplatelets and Carbon Black. This can be attributed to the low roughness of the conductive carbon coating, the uniform distribution and good interconnection of the carbon particles. The heaters have a low thermal inertia, producing a rapid temperature response at low voltages, reaching equilibrium temperatures within 120 s of being switched on. The heaters reached the 40 °C required for wearable heating applications within 20 s at 12 Volts. Screen printing was demonstrated to be an effective method of controlling the printed layer thickness with good interlayer adhesion and contact for multiple printed layers. This can be used to regulate their electrical properties and hence adjust the heater performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Claypole
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.C.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (N.B.); (L.K.)
| | - James Claypole
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.C.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Neil Bezodis
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (N.B.); (L.K.)
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science (WIPS), Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Liam Kilduff
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (N.B.); (L.K.)
- Welsh Institute of Performance Science (WIPS), Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - David Gethin
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.C.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Tim Claypole
- Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating, College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK; (A.C.); (J.C.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu S, Cui Z, Baker GL, Mahendran S, Xie Z, Zhu Y. A Biaxially Stretchable and Self-Sensing Textile Heater Using Silver Nanowire Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59085-59091. [PMID: 34860492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters have garnered significant attention from academia and industry for their great potential in thermotherapy. Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a promising conductive material for flexible and stretchable electrodes. Here, a resistive, biaxially stretchable heater based on AgNW composite is reported for the first time, where a AgNW percolation network is encased in a thin polyimide (PI) film and integrated with a highly stretchable textile. AgNW/PI is patterned with a 2D Kirigami structure, which enables constant resistance under a large tensile strain (up to uniaxial 100% strain and 50% biaxial strain). The heater can achieve a high temperature of ∼140 °C with a low current of 0.125 A, fast heating and cooling rates of ∼16.5 and ∼14.1 °C s-1, respectively, and stable performance over 400 heating cycles. A feedback control system is developed to provide constant heating temperature under a temperature change of the surrounding environment. Demonstrated applications in applying thermotherapy at the curvilinear surface of the knee using the stretchable heater illustrate its promising potential for wearable applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zheng Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - G Langston Baker
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Siddarth Mahendran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ziyang Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song JY, Oh JH, Choi D, Park SM. Highly efficient patterning technique for silver nanowire electrodes by electrospray deposition and its application to self-powered triboelectric tactile sensor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21437. [PMID: 34728741 PMCID: PMC8563710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A patterned transparent electrode is a crucial component of state-of-the-art wearable devices and optoelectronic devices. However, most of the patterning methods using silver nanowires (AgNWs), which is one of the outstanding candidate materials for the transparent electrode, wasted a large amount of unused AgNWs during the patterning process. Here, we report a highly efficient patterning of AgNWs using electrospray deposition with grounded electrolyte solution (EDGE). During electrospray deposition, a patterned electrolyte solution collector attracted AgNWs by strong electrostatic attraction and selectively deposited them only on the patterned collector, minimizing AgNW deposited elsewhere. The enhanced patterning efficiency was verified through a comparison between the EDGE and conventional process by numerical simulation and experimental validation. As a result, despite the same electrospray deposition conditions for both cases except for the existence of the electrolyte solution collector, the coverage ratio of AgNWs fabricated by the EDGE process was at least six times higher than that of AgNWs produced by the conventional process. Furthermore, the EDGE process provided high design flexibility in terms of not only the material of the substrate, including a polymer and a ceramic but also the shape of the substrate, including a 2D flat and 3D curved surface. As an application of the EDGE process, a self-powered touch sensor exploiting the triboelectric effect was demonstrated. Thus, the EDGE process would be utilized in further application in wearable or implantable devices in the field of biomedicine, intelligent robots, and human-machine interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yeong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busan University-Ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Oh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busan University-Ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Dongwhi Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, South Korea.
| | - Sang Min Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busan University-Ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pattanarat K, Petchsang N, Osotchan T, Kim YH, Jaisutti R. Wash-Durable Conductive Yarn with Ethylene Glycol-Treated PEDOT:PSS for Wearable Electric Heaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:48053-48060. [PMID: 34582172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, wearable electric heaters with high durability and low-power operation have attracted much attention due to their potential to change traditional approaches for personal heating management and thermal therapy systems. Here, we report textile-based wearable heaters based on highly durable conductive yarns, which were transformed from traditional cotton yarns through a facile dyeing process of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) and ethylene glycol (EG). With the EG post-treatment, the conductive yarns exhibited an electrical conductivity of ∼76 S cm-1 and good stability under repeated cycles of washing and drying. The heating elements made from the conductive yarns showed an excellent distribution of temperature and could be heated up to 150 °C at a sufficiently low driving voltage of 5 V. Also, the heating elements showed stable Joule heating performance under repeated bending stress and 2000 cycles of stretching and releasing. To demonstrate its practical use for on-body heating systems, a lightweight and air-breathable thermal wristband was demonstrated by sewing the conductive yarns onto a fabric with a simple circuit structure. From these results, we believe that our strategy to obtain highly conductive and durable yarns can be utilized in various applications, including medical heat therapy and personal heating management systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntima Pattanarat
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Nattasamon Petchsang
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Specialized Center of Rubber and Polymer Materials for Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Osotchan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Rawat Jaisutti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao B, Bai P, Wang S, Ji H, Fan B, Zhang R, Che R. High-Performance Joule Heating and Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Anisotropic Carbon Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29101-29112. [PMID: 34114791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient electrical heaters along with excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties are urgently required for the progress of miniaturization electronics, artificial intelligence, and smart heating management setups. Herein, lignin removal, which comprises two efficient and versatile steps, followed by carbonization produces multifunctional carbon monoliths derived from natural wood. The obtained carbonized wood exhibits a high specific surface area (655.14 m2/g) and electrical (17.5 S/cm) and thermal conductivity (0.58 W/m·K), superhydrophilicity (contact angle of ∼0°), and excellent EMI shielding ability and Joule heating performance. The high electrical conductivity renders a low-voltage-actuated Joule heating performance and fascinating EMI shielding effectiveness of 55 dB, primarily resulting from the absorption mechanism. Moreover, regulation of the carbonized woods derived from the longitudinal to the radial direction enables transformation of hydrophilicity, strong thermal conductivity, and absorption-dominated EMI shielding to hydrophobicity, thermal insulation, and reflection-dominated EMI shielding. This is attributed to the unique anisotropic microstructure of carbon scaffolds. It is believed that these multifunctional carbon scaffolds can be used for intelligent electronics, EMI shielding, and thermal heating instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Bai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P. R. China
| | - Hanyu Ji
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials and Application Technology, School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Moreira IP, Sanivada UK, Bessa J, Cunha F, Fangueiro R. A Review of Multiple Scale Fibrous and Composite Systems for Heating Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123686. [PMID: 34208738 PMCID: PMC8234445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of heating systems have been developed lately, representing a growing interest in both the academic and industrial sectors. Based on the Joule effect, fibrous structures can produce heat once an electrical current is passed, whereby different approaches have been followed. For that purpose, materials with electrical and thermal conductivity have been explored, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, intrinsically conducting polymers, fibers or hybrids. We review the usage of these emerging nanomaterials at the nanoscale and processed up to the macroscale to create heaters. In addition to fibrous systems, the creation of composite systems for electrical and thermal conductivity enhancement has also been highly studied. Different techniques can be used to create thin film heaters or heating textiles, as opposed to the conventional textile technologies. The combination of nanoscale and microscale materials gives the best heating performances, and some applications have already been proven, even though some effort is still needed to reach the industry level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Pimentel Moreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - João Bessa
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Fernando Cunha
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (I.P.M.); (R.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Q, Tian B, Liang J, Wu W. Recent advances in printed flexible heaters for portable and wearable thermal management. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1634-1656. [PMID: 34846496 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible resistive heaters (FRHs) with high heating performance, large-area thermal homogeneity, and excellent thermal stability are very desirable in modern life, owing to their tremendous potential for portable and wearable thermal management applications, such as body thermotherapy, on-demand drug delivery, and artificial intelligence. Printed electronic (PE) technologies, as emerging methods combining conventional printing techniques with solution-processable functional ink have been proposed to be promising strategies for the cost-effective, large-scale, and high-throughput fabrication of printed FRHs. This review summarizes recent progress in the main components of FRHs, including conductive materials and flexible or stretchable substrates, focusing on the formulation of conductive ink systems for making printed FRHs by a variety of PE technologies including screen printing, inkjet printing, roll-to-roll (R2R) printing and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Various challenges facing the commercialization of printed FRHs and improved methods for portable and wearable thermal management applications have been discussed in detail to overcome these problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao X, Kawamura Y, Muraoka M. Rapid Ag Nanofiber Formation Via Pt Nanoparticle-Assisted H 2-Free Reduction of Ag +-Containing Polymers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:96. [PMID: 34041637 PMCID: PMC8155139 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional Ag nanostructure-based networks have garnered significant attention as next-generation transparent conductive materials. Ag nanofibers (NFs) with high aspect ratios decrease the number density required for percolation; hence, they form qualitatively superior transparent conductive films. This study reports a novel method for rapidly fabricating Ag NFs via Pt nanoparticle-assisted H2-free reduction of solid-state AgNO3. Our results first indicated that polymers can be a source of hydrogen gas in the presence of Pt nanoparticles; Ag NFs with aspect ratios above 105 were obtained herein by heating AgNO3-containing polymer NFs in a short period of time and in an open-air environment. Our method not only successfully reduced the amount of polymer residue often encountered in spun NFs but also created an effective self-supporting reduction system that does not require an external reducing gas supply. The obtained Ag NF networks were highly conductive and transparent. Moreover, the mechanism of Ag NF formation was investigated. We demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits a high potential for producing high yields of Ag NFs in a simple and rapid manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Akita University, Akita, 010-8502, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Kawamura
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Akita University, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| | - Mikio Muraoka
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Akita University, Akita, 010-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang JQ, Lou TJ, Wang T, Cao W, Zhao H, Qian PF, Bao ZL, Yuan XT, Geng HZ. Flexible Electrothermal Laminate Films Based on Tannic Acid-Modified Carbon Nanotube/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Lou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tai’an Zhongyan Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd., Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng-Fei Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ze-Long Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li R, Xu W, Zhang D. Impacts of Thermal and Mechanical Cycles on Electro-Thermal Anti-Icing System of CFRP Laminates Embedding Sprayable Metal Film. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071589. [PMID: 33805126 PMCID: PMC8036831 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aircraft electro-thermal anti-icing system that can guarantee flight safety may be affected by periodic heating and cyclic aerodynamic force during long-term flight missions, which seems to be a potential threat to ice protection. This paper aims to investigate the impacts of thermal and mechanical cycles on heating elements of the electro-thermal anti-icing system. Specimens were manufactured with CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) laminated composite, glass fiber prepreg and copper screen, in which sprayable metal film (SMF) was embedded as the heating element. The study focuses on electric resistance variation of SMF and functional fatigue life under the cycling load. Thermal cycling tests were carried out in an insulated chamber where the specimens were heated up to 80 °C and then cooled down to −55 °C for 1000 cycles. Mechanical cycling tests were conducted on a fatigue testing machine where the specimens were imposed on tension-compression loading for 106 cycles. Results showed that the electric resistance of SMF increased with the number of loading cycles. The resistance was increased by 20% and the heating power was decreased by 16.67% after 1000 thermal cycles. During the mechanical cycling tests, it was found that the heating element was destructed before the structural failure, which indicated that the fatigue life of function was lower than that of the structure.
Collapse
|
35
|
Rapid fabrication of high-performance transparent electrodes by electrospinning of reactive silver ink containing nanofibers. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Bok S, Seok HJ, Kim YA, Park JH, Kim J, Kang J, Kim HK, Lim B. Transparent Molecular Adhesive Enabling Mechanically Stable ITO Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3463-3470. [PMID: 33416317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in flexible electronics, transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) have also been significantly developed as alternatives to the conventional indium tin oxide (ITO)-based material systems that exhibit low mechanical flexibility. Nanomaterial-based alternating materials, such as graphene, nanowire, and nanomesh, exhibit remarkable properties for TCE-based applications, such as high electrical conductivity, high optical transparency, and high mechanical stability. However, these nanomaterial-based systems lack scalability, which is a key requirement for practical applications, and exhibit a size-dependent property variation and inhomogeneous surface uniformity that limit reliable properties over a large area. Here, we exploited a conventional ITO-based material platform; however, we incorporated a transparent molecular adhesive, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), to improve mechanical flexibility. While the presence of 4-AP barely affected optical transmittance and sheet resistance, it improved interfacial adhesion between the substrate and ITO as well as formed a wavy surface, which could improve the mechanical flexibility. Under various mechanical tests, ITO/4-AP/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) exhibited remarkably improved mechanical flexibility as compared with that of ITO/PET. Furthermore, ITO/4-AP/PET was utilized for a flexible Joule heater application having spatial uniformity of heat generation, voltage-dependent temperature control, and mechanical flexibility under repeated bending tests. This molecular adhesive could overcome the current limitations of material systems for flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingyu Bok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ah Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohoon Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwon Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Kim Y, Kim T, Lee J, Choi YS, Moon J, Park SY, Lee TH, Park HK, Lee SA, Kwon MS, Byun HG, Lee JH, Lee MG, Hong BH, Jang HW. Tailored Graphene Micropatterns by Wafer-Scale Direct Transfer for Flexible Chemical Sensor Platform. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004827. [PMID: 33215741 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
2D materials, such as graphene, exhibit great potential as functional materials for numerous novel applications due to their excellent properties. The grafting of conventional micropatterning techniques on new types of electronic devices is required to fully utilize the unique nature of graphene. However, the conventional lithography and polymer-supported transfer methods often induce the contamination and damage of the graphene surface due to polymer residues and harsh wet-transfer conditions. Herein, a novel strategy to obtain micropatterned graphene on polymer substrates using a direct curing process is demonstrated. Employing this method, entirely flexible, transparent, well-defined self-activated graphene sensor arrays, capable of gas discrimination without external heating, are fabricated on 4 in. wafer-scale substrates. Finite element method simulations show the potential of this patterning technique to maximize the performance of the sensor devices when the active channels of the 2D material are suspended and nanoscaled. This study contributes considerably to the development of flexible functional electronic devices based on 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Materials Deformation Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Graphene Research Center and Graphene Square Inc., Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Moon
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol A Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gi Byun
- Division of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Heun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Graphene Research Center and Graphene Square Inc., Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu H, Tian H, Shao J, Wang Z, Li X, Wang C, Chen X. An Electrically Actuated Soft Artificial Muscle Based on a High-Performance Flexible Electrothermal Film and Liquid-Crystal Elastomer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56338-56349. [PMID: 33284585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystal elastomer (LCE)-based soft robots and devices via an electrothermal effect under a low driving voltage have attracted a great deal of attention for their ability on generating larger stress, reversible deformation, and versatile actuation modes. However, electrothermal materials integrated with LCE easily induce the uncertainty of a soft actuator due to the non-uniformity on temperature distribution, inconstant resistance in the deformation process, and slow responsivity after voltage on/off. In this paper, a low-voltage-actuated soft artificial muscle based on LCE and a flexible electrothermal film is presented. At 6.5 V, a saturation temperature of 189 °C can be reached with a heating rate of 21 °C/s, which allows the soft artificial muscle quick and significant contraction and is suitable for untethered operation. Meanwhile, uniform temperature distribution and stable resistance of the flexible electrothermal film in the deformation process are obtained, leading to a work density of 9.97 kJ/m3, an actuating stress of 0.46 MPa, and controllable deformation of the soft artificial muscle. Finally, programmable low-voltage-controlled soft artificial muscles are fabricated by tailoring the flexible electrothermal film or designing structured heating pattern, including a prototype of soft finger-like gripper for transporting small objects, which clearly demonstrates the potential of low-voltage-actuated soft artificial muscles in soft robotics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Hongmiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Xiangming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Abed O, Yousefi L. Tunable metasurfaces using phase change materials and transparent graphene heaters. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33876-33889. [PMID: 33182867 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tunable metasurfaces enable us to dynamically control light at subwavelength scales. Here, using phase change materials and transparent graphene heaters, a new structure is proposed to develop tunable metasurfaces which support first-order Mie-type resonance in the near-IR regime. In the proposed structure, by adjusting the bias voltages applied to transparent graphene heaters, the crystallization levels of the phase change materials are controlled, which in turn modifies the response of the metasurface. The proposed metasurface is able to modulate the phase of the reflected wave in the range of 0° to -270° at the telecommunication wavelength of λ = 1.55 µm. A comprehensive Joule heating analysis is performed to investigate the thermal characterizations of the proposed structure. The results of this analysis show that there is a suitable thermal isolation between adjacent unit cells, making individual control on unit cells possible. The potential ability of the proposed metasurface as a beam steering device is also demonstrated. By using the proposed unit cells, a beam-steering device is designed and numerically studied. This study shows that the device can reflect a light normally incident on it in the range of ±65° with reasonably low sidelobe levels. The proposed structure can be used in developing low-cost integrated LiDARs.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Screen-printable carbon-based inks are available in a range of carbon morphologies and concentrations, resulting in various rheological profiles. There are challenges in obtaining a good print when high loading and elasticity functional inks are used, with a trade-off often required between functionality and printability. There is a limited understanding of how ink rheology influences the ink deposition mechanism during screen-printing, which then affects the print topography and therefore electrical performance. High speed imaging was used with a screen-printing simulation apparatus to investigate the effect of viscosity of a graphite and carbon-black ink at various levels of solvent dilution on the deposition mechanisms occurring during screen-printing. With little dilution, the greater relative volume of carbon in the ink resulted in a greater tendency towards elastic behavior than at higher dilutions. During the screen-printing process this led to the ink splitting into filaments while remaining in contact with both the mesh and substrate simultaneously over a greater horizonal length. The location of separating filaments corresponded with localized film thickness increases in the print, which led to a higher surface roughness (Sz). This method could be used to make appropriate adjustments to ink rheology to overcome print defects related to poor ink separation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ma LP, Wu Z, Yin L, Zhang D, Dong S, Zhang Q, Chen ML, Ma W, Zhang Z, Du J, Sun DM, Liu K, Duan X, Ma D, Cheng HM, Ren W. Pushing the conductance and transparency limit of monolayer graphene electrodes for flexible organic light-emitting diodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25991-25998. [PMID: 33020292 PMCID: PMC7584903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922521117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has emerged as an attractive candidate for flexible transparent electrode (FTE) for a new generation of flexible optoelectronics. Despite tremendous potential and broad earlier interest, the promise of graphene FTE has been plagued by the intrinsic trade-off between electrical conductance and transparency with a figure of merit (σDC/σOp) considerably lower than that of the state-of-the-art ITO electrodes (σDC/σOp <123 for graphene vs. ∼240 for ITO). Here we report a synergistic electrical/optical modulation strategy to simultaneously boost the conductance and transparency. We show that a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boric acid (HTB) coating can function as highly effective hole doping layer to increase the conductance of monolayer graphene by sevenfold and at the same time as an anti-reflective layer to boost the visible transmittance to 98.8%. Such simultaneous improvement in conductance and transparency breaks previous limit in graphene FTEs and yields an unprecedented figure of merit (σDC/σOp ∼323) that rivals the best commercial ITO electrode. Using the tailored monolayer graphene as the flexible anode, we further demonstrate high-performance green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the maximum current, power and external quantum efficiencies (111.4 cd A-1, 124.9 lm W-1 and 29.7%) outperforming all comparable flexible OLEDs and surpassing that with standard rigid ITO by 43%. This study defines a straightforward pathway to tailor optoelectronic properties of monolayer graphene and to fully capture their potential as a generational FTE for flexible optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymers Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Lichang Yin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Shichao Dong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Mao-Lin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thermal Profiles of Carbon Fiber Based Anisotropic Thin-Films: An Emerging Heat Management Solution for High-Current Flow Electrocatalysis and Electrochemical Applications. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon fiber has been extensively used in the photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and energy storage fields as supporting platform and conductive media. However, less attention has been paid with regards to its function in phonon transport and thermal management. We have investigated the effect of current flow direction on the heat management performance of carbon fiber based thin film heaters (CFTFHs) with anisotropic percolation network of carbon fibers (CFs). The anisotropic percolation network of carbon fibers (CFs) formed by roll-to-roll spray coating leads to the anisotropic electrical properties of CFs. As a result, CFs based thin films (CFTFs) have lower sheet resistance when measured parallel to the CFs alignment, compared to when they are aligned perpendicular. Because connectivity and current flow in CFs are critically dependent on the direction alignment of CFs, the saturation temperature (106.4 °C) of CFTFH with parallel aligned carbon fiber is higher than that (117.3 °C) of CFTFH with perpendicular alignment. Therefore, current flow in the same direction as the alignment of CFs is very important to achieve high-performance. Moreover, our study on thermal profile of anisotropic CFTFs under high current flows illustrates that carbon fiber thin films have great potential in thermal management solution for electrocatalytic and electrochemical energy storage applications.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang T, Jing LC, Zhu Q, Sagadevan Ethiraj A, Fan X, Liu H, Tian Y, Zhu Z, Meng Z, Geng HZ. Tannic acid modified graphene/CNT three-dimensional conductive network for preparing high-performance transparent flexible heaters. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 577:300-310. [PMID: 32485413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the eco-friendly plant polyphenol, tannic acid (TA) was demonstrated as a non-covalent modifier for carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as a stripping medium to achieve exfoliated graphite to graphene by microfluidization. High-performance transparent flexible heater (TFH) with an embedded structure had been successfully fabricated by integrating conductive nanocomposites (TA-functionalized grapheme/TA-functionalized CNT/PEDOT:PSS; TG/TCNT/PEDOT) into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) film. Such a film exhibited favorable optical transmittance and sheet resistance (T = ca. 80% at 550 nm, Rs = 62.5 Ω/sq.), low root mean square (rms) roughness (approximately 0.37 nm), excellent adhesion and mechanical stability (the sheet resistance remained almost constant after 1000 bending cycle test for the bending radius of 10 mm), which are ideal as transparent heaters with high thermal efficiency. For TG/TCNT/PEDOT-WPU TFHs, the temperature increased rapidly and reached a steady state within 20 s with the maximum temperature reached to 116 °C, when the applied voltage was 20 V. Moreover, no variation in temperature was observed after the repeated heating-cooling tests and long-time stability test, indicating that TG/TCNT/PEDOT-WPU TCFs can be used as high performance TFHs. These TFH's are expected to be suitable for vehicle defrosting, smart windows, portable heating, smart wearable devices, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qingxia Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | | | - Xiaowei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Tianjin SYP Engineering Glass CO., LTD., Tianjin 300409, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Textiles, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zeru Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhili Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Printed and Flexible Microheaters Based on Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091879. [PMID: 32961690 PMCID: PMC7558360 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a cost-effective manufacturing method of flexible and fully printed microheaters, using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the heating element. Two different structures with different number of CNT layers have been characterized in detail. The benchmarking has been carried out in terms of maximum operating temperature, as well as nominal resistance and input power for different applied voltages. Their performances have been compared with previous reports for similar devices, fabricated with other technologies. The results have shown that the heaters presented can achieve high temperatures in a small area at lower voltages and lower input power. In particular, the fully printed heaters fabricated on a flexible substrate covering an area of 3.2 mm2 and operating at 9.5 V exhibit a maximum temperature point above 70 °C with a power consumption below 200 mW. Therefore, we have demonstrated that this technology paves the way for a cost-effective large-scale fabrication of flexible microheaters aimed to be integrated in flexible sensors.
Collapse
|
48
|
Study on Fast Cold Start-Up Method of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Based on Electric Heating Technology. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to realize the low temperature and rapid cold start-up of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, a dynamic model containing 40 single proton exchange membrane fuel cells is established to estimate the melting time of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack as well as to analyze the melting process of the ice by using the obtained liquid–solid boundary. The methods of proton exchange membrane electric heating and electrothermal film heating are utilized to achieve cold start-up of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The fluid simulation software fluent is used to simulate and analyze the process of melting ice. The solidification and melting model and multi-phase flow model are introduced. The pressure-implicit with splitting of operators algorithm is also adopted. The results show that both the proton exchange membrane electric heating technology and the electrothermal film heating method can achieve rapid cold start-up. The interior ice of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack melts first, while the first and 40th pieces melt afterwards. The ice melting time of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is 32.5 s and 36.5 s with the two methods, respectively. In the end, the effect of different electrothermal film structures on cold start-up performance is studied, and three types of pore diameter electrothermal films are established. It is found that the electrothermal film with small holes melts completely first, and the electrothermal film with large holes melts completely last.
Collapse
|
49
|
Smovzh DV, Kostogrud IA, Boyko EV, Matochkin PE, Pilnik AA. Joule heater based on single-layer graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:335704. [PMID: 32344380 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8ded] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have studied the characteristics of a heater based on single-layer graphene obtained by CVD using methane as the carbon precursor and using copper as a catalytic substrate. Synthesized graphene was transferred onto an EVA/PET substrate using a heat press printing method. A theoretical model of heating a polycrystalline graphene film was developed. The temperature gradients in graphene crystallites were estimated based on the model. It was shown that local overheating of graphene crystallite boundaries is the main cause of damage for the graphene-based heater. In order to enhance the power of graphene heaters, it is necessary to reduce the size of 2D graphene crystallites that make up the coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Vladimirovich Smovzh
- Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kang SK, Ho DH, Lee CH, Lim HS, Cho JH. Actively Operable Thermoresponsive Smart Windows for Reducing Energy Consumption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33838-33845. [PMID: 32615750 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Efficient usage of finite energy resources is a core approach for preventing major blackouts caused by a severe lack of energy. Smart windows, which modulate thermal energy transferred from the incident sunlight, have attracted tremendous interest as an alternative technology for resolving the fast-approaching energy crisis by suppressing unnecessary energy usage such as air conditioning or heating inside buildings. Here, we demonstrate a set of materials and design concepts for doubly responsive smart windows, which efficiently reduce the consumption of our limited energy reserves. The proposed smart windows are based on the concept of combining the lower critical solution temperature of thermoresponsive polymer hydrogels and the electrical actuation of graphene-based flexible heaters; this combination serves to actively control the passive-type moving thermoresponsive smart window. The proposed smart windows exhibit a highly tunable transparency of above 90%, which corresponds to an almost instantaneous change from high transmission of the incident light to the complete blockage of its penetration under thermal or electrical stimulation. In particular, when the windows of a mockup house are replaced with the developed flexible smart windows, the increment rate of the indoor temperature under white light irradiation reduces drastically. This type of active light control system is expected to create a new opportunity for achieving cost savings on heating, cooling, and lighting through management of light energy transmitted into the interior of a house.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyung Kang
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hae Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Lee
- Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sun Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|