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Park H, Lee J, Lee CJ, Kang J, Yun J, Noh H, Park M, Lee J, Park Y, Park J, Choi M, Lee S, Park H. Simultaneous Extraction of the Grain Size, Single-Crystalline Grain Sheet Resistance, and Grain Boundary Resistivity of Polycrystalline Monolayer Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020206. [PMID: 35055225 PMCID: PMC8781743 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrical properties of polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are determined by grain-related parameters-average grain size, single-crystalline grain sheet resistance, and grain boundary (GB) resistivity. However, extracting these parameters still remains challenging because of the difficulty in observing graphene GBs and decoupling the grain sheet resistance and GB resistivity. In this work, we developed an electrical characterization method that can extract the average grain size, single-crystalline grain sheet resistance, and GB resistivity simultaneously. We observed that the material property, graphene sheet resistance, could depend on the device dimension and developed an analytical resistance model based on the cumulative distribution function of the gamma distribution, explaining the effect of the GB density and distribution in the graphene channel. We applied this model to CVD-grown monolayer graphene by characterizing transmission-line model patterns and simultaneously extracted the average grain size (~5.95 μm), single-crystalline grain sheet resistance (~321 Ω/sq), and GB resistivity (~18.16 kΩ-μm) of the CVD-graphene layer. The extracted values agreed well with those obtained from scanning electron microscopy images of ultraviolet/ozone-treated GBs and the electrical characterization of graphene devices with sub-micrometer channel lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghwi Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Junyeong Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Chang-Ju Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Jaewoon Kang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Jiyeong Yun
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Hyowoong Noh
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Minsu Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Jonghyung Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Youngjin Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Jonghoo Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Muhan Choi
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Lee
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Hongsik Park
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (C.-J.L.); (J.K.); (J.Y.); (H.N.); (M.P.); (J.L.); (Y.P.); (J.P.); (M.C.)
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence:
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High-Performance Transparent PEDOT: PSS/CNT Films for OLEDs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082067. [PMID: 34443898 PMCID: PMC8398071 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Improved OLED systems have great potential for next-generation display applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the conductive polymers poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) have attracted great interest for advanced applications, such as optoelectronic products. In this paper, the simultaneous enhancement of the conductivity, roughness, and adhesion properties of transparent conductive films with PEDOT: PSS/CNTs is reported. These films prepared by a simple spin-coating process were successfully used to produce high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with an improved lifetime. Addition of PEDOT: PSS lowered the film sheet resistance and CNTs helped to enhance the stability and maintain the lifetime of the OLEDs. In addition, treatment with methanol and nitric acid changed the morphology of the polymer film, which led to greatly reduced sheet resistance, enhanced substrate adhesion, and reduced film roughness. The best performance of the film (PEDOT: PSS: CNT = 110: 1, W/W) was 100.34 Ω/sq.@ 90.1 T%. High transmittance, low sheet resistance, excellent adhesion, and low roughness (3.11 nm) were achieved synchronously. The fabricated OLED demonstrated a low minimum operating voltage (3 V) and could endure high voltage (20 V), at which its luminance reached 2973 cd/m2. Thus, the incorporation of CNTs within PEDOT: PSS electrodes has great potential for the improvement of the performance of OLED devices.
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Chen L, Guo M. Highly Transparent, Stretchable, and Conductive Supramolecular Ionogels Integrated with Three-Dimensional Printable, Adhesive, Healable, and Recyclable Character. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25365-25373. [PMID: 34003634 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the easy fabrication of highly transparent (optical transmittance above 93%), stretchable (1500-2500% elongation at break), and conductive (up to 2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogels that simultaneously integrate with three-dimensional (3D) printable, healable, adhesive, and recyclable character. The supramolecular ionogel is designed using a linear amphiphilic poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) copolymer and ionic liquid (IL) as the elastic scaffold and electrolyte, respectively, via a simple cosolvent method. Intriguingly, the 3D-printed highly conductive (2.25 S m-1 at 25 °C) supramolecular ionogel structure shows record-high mechanical performance with a breaking tensile strain and stress of 945% and 1.51 MPa, respectively, and is able to lift 3400× or bear 10000× its weight without fracture. Furthermore, both the solution casting and 3D-printed ionogel films show high sensitivity and reliability for sensing a wide range of strains, including various human motions. The results present some new insights into the structural, mechanical, and functional design of novel multifunctional ionogels with distinguished mechanical performance and tractable processability, which will extend them to a wide range of flexible electronic applications, including artificial intelligence, wearable/conformable electronics, human/machine interactions, soft robotics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmin Chen
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyu Guo
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Mei S, Zhang X, Ding B, Wang J, Yang P, She H, Cui Z, Liu M, Pang X, Fu P. 3D‐Printed
thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene composite with porous segregated structure: Toward ultralow percolation threshold and great strain sensitivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Mei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou China
- Jinguan Electric Co., Ltd Nanyang China
| | - Bowen Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiqiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Haibo She
- Jinguan Electric Co., Ltd Nanyang China
| | - Zhe Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Minying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou China
| | - Peng Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Engineering Laboratory of High Performance Nylon Engineering Plastics of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Zhengzhou China
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Patil JJ, Chae WH, Trebach A, Carter KJ, Lee E, Sannicolo T, Grossman JC. Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004356. [PMID: 33346400 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowire (MNW)-based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low-cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost-effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano- to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW-encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin J Patil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Woo Hyun Chae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Adam Trebach
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ki-Jana Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Eric Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Sannicolo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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7
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Kim Y, Kweon OY, Won Y, Oh JH. Deformable and Stretchable Electrodes for Soft Electronic Devices. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Seok H, Lee J, Park J, Lim S, Kim H. Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Quantum Dots Light Emitting Diodes. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hae‐Jun Seok
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hoon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Hyeok Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Hwi Lim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Han‐Ki Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu Suwon, Gyeoggi-do 16419 Republic of Korea
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Li L, Hong SK, Jo Y, Tian M, Woo CY, Kim SH, Kim JM, Lee HW. Transparent, Flexible Heater Based on Hybrid 2D Platform of Graphene and Dry-Spun Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16223-16232. [PMID: 30969110 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance, flexible, and transparent heater based on a hybrid of dry-spun carbon nanotubes (CNT), which is pulled out directly from a super vertically aligned CNT forest, and graphene is fabricated. The electrical, optical, and electromechanical properties of two different kinds of hybrid devices, graphene above or below the CNT film, and simple CNT film heating devices that are made of one or two layers of CNTs, are studied. The results prove that the hybrid structured film heaters are superior to the simple CNT film heaters. The simple single-layer CNT film and double-layer CNT film heaters attain maximum temperatures of 48 and 64 °C with transmittances of 73 and 64% at a wavelength of 550 nm, respectively, whereas the single-layer CNT sheet/graphene/PET and graphene/single-layer CNT sheet/PET hybrid heaters attain maximum temperatures of 81 and 85 °C with transmittances of 68 and 71%, respectively. The 10 000 bending cycle test suggests that the graphene/single-layer CNT sheet/PET heater has good mechanical and thermal stability. Further, defrost test and portable heating with a 9 V battery prove the possibility of using the hybrid heater for vehicle defrosting, portable heating, and wearable devices.
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Rao R, Pint CL, Islam AE, Weatherup RS, Hofmann S, Meshot ER, Wu F, Zhou C, Dee N, Amama PB, Carpena-Nuñez J, Shi W, Plata DL, Penev ES, Yakobson BI, Balbuena PB, Bichara C, Futaba DN, Noda S, Shin H, Kim KS, Simard B, Mirri F, Pasquali M, Fornasiero F, Kauppinen EI, Arnold M, Cola BA, Nikolaev P, Arepalli S, Cheng HM, Zakharov DN, Stach EA, Zhang J, Wei F, Terrones M, Geohegan DB, Maruyama B, Maruyama S, Li Y, Adams WW, Hart AJ. Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11756-11784. [PMID: 30516055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , Tennessee 37235 United States
| | - Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , U.K
- University of Manchester at Harwell, Diamond Light Source, Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , U.K
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0FA , U.K
| | - Eric R Meshot
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Fanqi Wu
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Chongwu Zhou
- Ming-Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Nicholas Dee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Placidus B Amama
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering , Kansas State University , Manhattan , Kansas 66506 , United States
| | - Jennifer Carpena-Nuñez
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Wenbo Shi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Desiree L Plata
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Perla B Balbuena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Christophe Bichara
- Aix-Marseille University and CNRS , CINaM UMR 7325 , 13288 Marseille , France
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Suguru Noda
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering , Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan
| | - Homin Shin
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Benoit Simard
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Research Centre, Emerging Technologies Division , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Ontario K1A 0R6 , Canada
| | - Francesca Mirri
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Francesco Fornasiero
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 United States
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100 , FI-00076 Espoo , Finland
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Baratunde A Cola
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Pavel Nikolaev
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
- UES Inc. , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Sivaram Arepalli
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science , Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang 110016 , China
| | - Dmitri N Zakharov
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Fei Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics and Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory , Wright Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton , Ohio 45433 , United States
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Yan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - W Wade Adams
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - A John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Transparent Conductive Electrodes Based on Graphene-Related Materials. MICROMACHINES 2018; 10:mi10010013. [PMID: 30587828 PMCID: PMC6356588 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) are the most important key component in photovoltaic and display technology. In particular, graphene has been considered as a viable substitute for indium tin oxide (ITO) due to its optical transparency, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. The outstanding mechanical strength of graphene also provides an opportunity to apply it as a flexible electrode in wearable electronic devices. At the early stage of the development, TCE films that were produced only with graphene or graphene oxide (GO) were mainly reported. However, since then, the hybrid structure of graphene or GO mixed with other TCE materials has been investigated to further improve TCE performance by complementing the shortcomings of each material. This review provides a summary of the fabrication technology and the performance of various TCE films prepared with graphene-related materials, including graphene that is grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and GO or reduced GO (rGO) dispersed solution and their composite with other TCE materials, such as carbon nanotubes, metal nanowires, and other conductive organic/inorganic material. Finally, several representative applications of the graphene-based TCE films are introduced, including solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and electrochromic devices.
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Peng H, Zhong Y, Zhang X, He Y, Wang G. Percolating Film of Pillared Graphene Layer Integrated with Silver Nanowire Network for Transparent and Flexible Supercapacitors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15245-15252. [PMID: 30428676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and flexible supercapacitors (TFSCs) are viable power sources for next-generation wearable electronics. The ingenious design of the transparent electrode determines the performance of TFSCs. A percolating film of a pillared graphene layer integrated with a silver nanowire network as the transparent electrode was prepared, by which TFSC devices exhibit a significantly improved performance contrastively. Under the condition of the same transmittance, about 27-72% improvement in the areal capacitance can be achieved. On the one hand, the pillars of carbon nanotube (CNT) were distributed in the graphene layer uniformly, enlarging the inner distance of adjacent graphene layers and providing an open structure for extra ion transport and storage of TFSCs. On the other hand, the introduced CNT could facilitate the electron transport at the direction perpendicular to the graphene basal plane, enhancing the electronic conductivity of the graphene layer. More importantly, the formed percolating film ensures an efficient transport of electron along with the silver nanowire when it encounters the obstacle within the graphene layer, resulting in a highly conductive electrode. The TFSC device with a good compatibility indicates a reliable practicability, which provides a facile route toward the design of high-performance TFSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Peng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Yuxiang Zhong
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Yi He
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
| | - Gongkai Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology , Hebei University of Technology , Tianjin 300130 , China
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13
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Park M, Kim J, Song H, Kim S, Jeon M. Fast and Stable Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with PEDOT:PSS/(Graphene⁻Ag-Nanowires) Nanocomposite Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3126. [PMID: 30223614 PMCID: PMC6163802 DOI: 10.3390/s18093126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators that are driven by electrical stimuli have been widely investigated for use in practical applications. However, conventional electrodes in IEAP actuators have a serious drawback of poor durability under long-term actuation in open air, mainly because of leakage of the inner electrolyte and hydrated cations through surface cracks on the metallic electrodes. To overcome this problem, a top priority is developing new high-performance ionic polymer actuators with graphene electrodes that have superior mechanical, electrical conductivity, and electromechanical properties. However, the task is made difficultby issues such as the low electrical conductivity of graphene (G). The percolation network of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) is believed to enhance the conductivity of graphene, while poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which exhibits excellent stability under ambient conditions, is expected to improve the actuation performance of IEAP actuators. In this study, we developed a very fast, stable, and durable IEAP actuator by employing electrodes made of a nanocomposite comprising PEDOT:PSS and graphene⁻Ag-NWs (P/(G⁻Ag)). The cost-effective P/(G⁻Ag) electrodes with high electrical conductivity displayed a smooth surface resulting from the PEDOT:PSS coating, which prevented oxidation of the surface upon exposure to air, and showedstrong bonding between the ionic polymer and the electrode surface. More interestingly, the proposed IEAP actuator based on the P/G⁻Ag electrode can be used in active biomedical devices, biomimetic robots, wearable electronics, and flexible soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Park
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Hanjung Song
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Seonpil Kim
- Department of Military Information Science, Gyeongju University, Gyeongju 38065, Korea.
| | - Minhyon Jeon
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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14
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Cho EH, Kim MJ, Sohn H, Shin WH, Won JY, Kim Y, Kwak C, Lee CS, Woo YS. A graphene mesh as a hybrid electrode for foldable devices. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:628-638. [PMID: 29235603 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A graphene mesh with arrays of micro-holes was fabricated on a polymer substrate using photolithography for use as an electrode in flexible devices. The optimal mesh structure with high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity was designed using a finite element method, in which the conductivity of the mesh was simulated as a function of structure, size, and periodicity of the hole array. The sheet resistance of the graphene mesh was lowered to that of a graphene monolayer by chemical doping and found to be 330 Ω Sq-1 at 98.5% transparency. The figure of merit of the doped graphene mesh was calculated to be 106 at 98% transmittance, a value that has not yet been reported for any conventional transparent electrode material. Due to strong bonding between the polymer and substrate, the hybrid electrode composed of a silver nanowire (AgNW)/graphene mesh coated with an over-coating layer exhibited more stable electrical characteristics during mechanical fatigue deformation compared to a hybrid film composed of a AgNW/graphene sheet. The AgNW/graphene sheet underwent breakdown at less than 20 000 cycles in cyclic bending tests with 6.5% strain, but the AgNW/graphene mesh showed a 38% increase in resistance at 20 000 cycles and no breakdown even at 100 000 cycles. Therefore, in this study, we propose a hybrid structure composed of a AgNW/graphene mesh, which is optically and mechanically superior to AgNW/graphene sheets, and therefore suitable for application as a transparent electrode in foldable devices with long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Cho
- Platform Technology Lab., Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 120 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea
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15
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16
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Trung TN, Kim DO, Lee JH, Dao VD, Choi HS, Kim ET. Simple and Reliable Lift-Off Patterning Approach for Graphene and Graphene-Ag Nanowire Hybrid Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21406-21412. [PMID: 28573859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple, ultrasonic vibration-assisted lift-off-based patterning approach for graphene and graphene-Ag nanowire (NW) hybrid films. A 20 μm width pattern with uniform and smooth pattern edges was neatly defined on various rigid and flexible substrates. The patterned graphene-Ag NW electrodes showed a low sheet resistance of 19 Ω/sq with a high transmittance of 93% at 550 nm, a robust stability against oxidation, and a high reliability under a bending test. The electrodes also exhibited markedly higher performance than that of commercial fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Given its low-cost, high throughput, and nondamaging effect, this simple and reliable patterning approach stimulates the practical applications of graphene-based flexible transparent electrodes in soft electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nam Trung
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dong-Ok Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Van-Duong Dao
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Ho-Suk Choi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eui-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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17
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Lin T, Ramadurgam S, Yang C. Design of Contact Electrodes for Semiconductor Nanowire Solar Energy Harvesting Devices. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2118-2125. [PMID: 28230999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transparent, low-resistive contacts are critical for efficient solar energy harvesting devices. It is important to reconsider the material choices and electrode design as devices move from 2D films to 1D nanostructures. In this paper, we study the effectiveness of indium tin oxide (ITO) and metals, such as Ag and Cu, as contacts in 2D and 1D systems. Although ITO has been studied extensively and developed into an effective transparent contact for 2D devices, our results show that effectiveness does not translate to 1D systems. Particularly with consideration of resistance requirement, nanowires with metal shells as contacts enable better absorption within the semiconductor as compared to ITO. Furthermore, there is a strong dependence of contact performance on the semiconductor band gap and diameter of nanowires. We found that metal contacts outperform ITO for nanowire devices, regardless of the sheet resistance constraint, in the regime of diameters less than 100 nm and band-gaps greater than 1 eV. These metal shells optimized for best absorption are significantly thinner than ITO, which enables for the design of devices with high nanowire number density and consequently higher device efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuging Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sarath Ramadurgam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and ‡Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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18
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Tan C, Cao X, Wu XJ, He Q, Yang J, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhao W, Han S, Nam GH, Sindoro M, Zhang H. Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6225-6331. [PMID: 28306244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1987] [Impact Index Per Article: 283.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, photocatalysis, and sensing platforms. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this promising field are featured on the basis of its current development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoliang Tan
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiehong Cao
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiyuan He
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Junze Chen
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shikui Han
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gwang-Hyeon Nam
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Melinda Sindoro
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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19
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Trung TN, Kim DO, Kim ET. Direct and self-selective synthesis of Ag nanowires on patterned graphene. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct and self-selective growth of Ag nanowires on pre-patterned graphene substrates was realized via a modified citrate reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Nam Trung
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Korea
| | - Dong-Ok Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Korea
| | - Eui-Tae Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon 305-764
- Korea
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20
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Zhang Q, Tan L, Chen Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Liu Z, Fu L. Human-Like Sensing and Reflexes of Graphene-Based Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2016; 3:1600130. [PMID: 27981005 PMCID: PMC5157176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans have numerous senses, wherein vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch are considered as the five conventionally acknowledged senses. Triggered by light, sound, or other physical stimulations, the sensory organs of human body are excited, leading to the transformation of the afferent energy into neural activity. Also converting other signals into electronical signals, graphene-based film shows its inherent advantages in responding to the tiny stimulations. In this review, the human-like senses and reflexes of graphene-based films are presented. The review starts with the brief discussions about the preparation and optimization of graphene-based film, as where as its new progress in synthesis method, transfer operation, film-formation technologies and optimization techniques. Various human-like senses of graphene-based film and their recent advancements are then summarized, including light-sensitive devices, acoustic devices, gas sensors, biomolecules and wearable devices. Similar to the reflex action of humans, graphene-based film also exhibits reflex when under thermal radiation and light actuation. Finally, the current challenges associated with human-like applications are discussed to help guide the future research on graphene films. At last, the future opportunities lie in the new applicable human-like senses and the integration of multiple senses that can raise a revolution in bionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Lifang Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Yunxu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for NanochemistryCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871P. R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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21
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Dong H, Wu Z, Jiang Y, Liu W, Li X, Jiao B, Abbas W, Hou X. A Flexible and Thin Graphene/Silver Nanowires/Polymer Hybrid Transparent Electrode for Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31212-31221. [PMID: 27790912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A typical thin and fully flexible hybrid electrode was developed by integrating the encapsulation of silver nanowires (AgNWs) network between a monolayer graphene and polymer film as a sandwich structure. Compared with the reported flexible electrodes based on PET or PEN substrate, this unique electrode exhibits the superior optoelectronic characteristics (sheet resistance of 8.06 Ω/□ at 88.3% light transmittance). Meanwhile, the specific up-to-bottom fabrication process could achieve the superflat surface (RMS = 2.58 nm), superthin thickness (∼8 μm thickness), high mechanical robustness, and lightweight. In addition, the strong corrosion resistance and stability for the hybrid electrode were proved. With these advantages, we employ this electrode to fabricate the simple flexible organic light-emitting device (OLED) and perovskite solar cell device (PSC), which exhibit the considerable performance (best PCE of OLED = 2.11 cd/A2; best PCE of PSC = 10.419%). All the characteristics of the unique hybrid electrode demonstrate its potential as a high-performance transparent electrode candidate for flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Departmen of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Departmen of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Waseem Abbas
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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22
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Kim DJ, Shin HI, Ko EH, Kim KH, Kim TW, Kim HK. Roll-to-roll slot-die coating of 400 mm wide, flexible, transparent Ag nanowire films for flexible touch screen panels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34322. [PMID: 27677410 PMCID: PMC5039627 DOI: 10.1038/srep34322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report fabrication of large area Ag nanowire (NW) film coated using a continuous roll-to-roll (RTR) slot die coater as a viable alternative to conventional ITO electrodes for cost-effective and large-area flexible touch screen panels (TSPs). By controlling the flow rate of shear-thinning Ag NW ink in the slot die, we fabricated Ag NW percolating network films with different sheet resistances (30–70 Ohm/square), optical transmittance values (89–90%), and haze (0.5–1%) percentages. Outer/inner bending, twisting, and rolling tests as well as dynamic fatigue tests demonstrated that the mechanical flexibility of the slot-die coated Ag NW films was superior to that of conventional ITO films. Using diamond-shape patterned Ag NW layer electrodes (50 Ohm/square, 90% optical transmittance), we fabricated 12-inch flexible film-film type and rigid glass-film-film type TSPs. Successful operation of flexible TSPs with Ag NW electrodes indicates that slot-die-coated large-area Ag NW films are promising low cost, high performance, and flexible transparent electrodes for cost-effective large-area flexible TSPs and can be substituted for ITO films, which have high sheet resistance and are brittle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ju Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.,Dynamic Korea Technology, R&D Center, 116-60, Sanho-daero, Gumi City, Gyeong-Buk, 39377, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-In Shin
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Ko
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Samsung Display, OLED R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woong Kim
- Samsung Display, OLED R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ki Kim
- Kyung Hee University, Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, 1 Seocheon, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Seo TH, Lee S, Min KH, Chandramohan S, Park AH, Lee GH, Park M, Suh EK, Kim MJ. The role of graphene formed on silver nanowire transparent conductive electrode in ultra-violet light emitting diodes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29464. [PMID: 27387274 PMCID: PMC4937441 DOI: 10.1038/srep29464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a highly reliable transparent conductive electrode (TCE) that integrates silver nanowires (AgNWs) and high-quality graphene as a protecting layer. Graphene with minimized defects and large graphene domains has been successfully obtained through a facile two-step growth approach. Ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) were fabricated with AgNWs or hybrid electrodes where AgNWs were combined with two-step grown graphene (A-2GE) or conventional one-step grown graphene (A-1GE). The device performance and reliability of the UV-LEDs with three different electrodes were compared. The A-2GE offered high figure of merit owing to the excellent UV transmittance and reduced sheet resistance. As a consequence, the UV-LEDs made with A-2GE demonstrated reduced forward voltage, enhanced electroluminescence (EL) intensity, and alleviated efficiency droop. The effects of joule heating and UV light illumination on the electrode stability were also studied. The present findings prove superior performance of the A-2GE under high current injection and continuous operation of UV LED, compared to other electrodes. From our observation, the A-2GE would be a reliable TCE for high power UV-LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Seo
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk 565-905, South Korea
| | - Seula Lee
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk 565-905, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Min
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk 565-905, South Korea.,School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - S Chandramohan
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Ah Hyun Park
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Gun Hee Lee
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Min Park
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Suh
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Semiconductor Physics Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Applied Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk 565-905, South Korea
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24
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Miao J, Liu H, Li W, Zhang X. Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine-Functionalized Graphene as a Conductive Adhesion Promoter and Protective Layer for Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:5365-72. [PMID: 27142815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
For the scalable fabrication of transparent electrodes and optoelectronic devices, excellent adhesion between the conductive films and the substrates is essential. In this work, a novel mussel-inspired polydopamine-functionalized graphene/silver nanowire hybrid nanomaterial for transparent electrodes was fabricated in a facile manner. Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized and reduced by polydopamine while remaining stable in water without precipitation. It is shown that the polydopamine-functionalized GO (PFGO) film adhered to the substrate much more easily and more uniformly than the GO film. The PFGO film had a sheet resistance of ∼3.46 × 10(8) Ω/sq and a transparency of 78.2%, with excellent thermal and chemical stability; these characteristics are appropriate for antistatic coatings. Further reduced PFGO (RPFGO) as a conductive adhesion promoter and protective layer for the Ag nanowire (AgNW) significantly enhanced the adhesion force between AgNW networks and the substrate. The RPFGO-AgNW electrode was found to have a sheet resistance of 63 Ω/sq and a transparency of 70.5%. Moreover, the long-term stability of the RPFGO-AgNW electrode was greatly enhanced via the effective protection of the AgNW by RPFGO. These solution-processed antistatic coatings and electrodes have tremendous potential in the applications of optoelectronic devices as a result of their low production cost and facile processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Municipal Key Lab of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387, China
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25
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Das SR, Mohammed AMS, Maize K, Sadeque S, Shakouri A, Janes DB, Alam MA. Evidence of Universal Temperature Scaling in Self-Heated Percolating Networks. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3130-3136. [PMID: 27070737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
During routine operation, electrically percolating nanocomposites are subjected to high voltages, leading to spatially heterogeneous current distribution. The heterogeneity implies localized self-heating that may (self-consistently) reroute the percolation pathways and even irreversibly damage the material. In the absence of experiments that can spatially resolve the current distribution and a nonlinear percolation model suitable to interpret them, one relies on empirical rules and safety factors to engineer these materials. In this paper, we use ultrahigh resolution thermo-reflectance imaging, coupled with a new imaging processing technique, to map the spatial distribution ΔT(x, y; I) and histogram f(ΔT) of temperature rise due to self-heating in two types of 2D networks (percolating and copercolating). Remarkably, we find that the self-heating can be described by a simple two-parameter Weibull distribution, even under voltages high enough to reconfigure the percolation pathways. Given the generality of the phenomenological argument supporting the distribution, other percolating networks are likely to show similar stress distribution in response to sufficiently large stimuli. Furthermore, the spatial evolution of the self-heating of network was investigated by analyzing the spatial distribution and spatial correlation, respectively. An estimation of degree of hotspot clustering reveals a mechanism analogous to crystallization physics. The results should encourage nonlinear generalization of percolation models necessary for predictive engineering of nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprem R Das
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Amr M S Mohammed
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kerry Maize
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sajia Sadeque
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ali Shakouri
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David B Janes
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Muhammad A Alam
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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26
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Rhyee JS, Kwon J, Dak P, Kim JH, Kim SM, Park J, Hong YK, Song WG, Omkaram I, Alam MA, Kim S. High-Mobility Transistors Based on Large-Area and Highly Crystalline CVD-Grown MoSe2 Films on Insulating Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2316-2321. [PMID: 26755196 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-area and highly crystalline CVD-grown multilayer MoSe2 films exhibit a well-defined crystal structure (2H phase) and large grains reaching several hundred micrometers. Multilayer MoSe2 transistors exhibit high mobility up to 121 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and excellent mechanical stability. These results suggest that high mobility materials will be indispensable for various future applications such as high-resolution displays and human-centric soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Soo Rhyee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Junyeon Kwon
- Multi-Functional Nano/Bio Electronics Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Piyush Dak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Seung Min Kim
- Carbon Convergence Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, 565-905, Republic of Korea
| | - Jozeph Park
- Multi-Functional Nano/Bio Electronics Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Multi-Functional Nano/Bio Electronics Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Won Geun Song
- Multi-Functional Nano/Bio Electronics Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Inturu Omkaram
- Multi-Functional Nano/Bio Electronics Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Muhammad A Alam
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sunkook Kim
- Multi-Functional Nano/Bio Electronics Laboratory, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
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27
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Yang J, Choi MK, Kim DH, Hyeon T. Designed Assembly and Integration of Colloidal Nanocrystals for Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1176-207. [PMID: 26707709 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals have been intensively studied over the past three decades due to their unique properties that originate, in large part, from their nanometer-scale sizes. For applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices, colloidal nanoparticles are generally employed as assembled nanocrystal solids, rather than as individual particles. Consequently, tailoring 2D patterns as well as 3D architectures of assembled nanocrystals is critical for their various applications to micro- and nanoscale devices. Here, recent advances in the designed assembly, film fabrication, and printing/integration methods for colloidal nanocrystals are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of these methods are compared, and various device applications of assembled/integrated colloidal nanocrystal solids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Yang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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28
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Wang L, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Yi X, Zhu H, Wang G. Hybrid Tunnel Junction-Graphene Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Nitride Lateral Light Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1176-1183. [PMID: 26699194 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene transparent conductive electrode (TCE) applications in nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) are still limited by the large contact resistance and interface barrier between graphene and p-GaN. We propose a hybrid tunnel junction (TJ)-graphene TCE approach for nitride lateral LEDs theoretically and experimentally. Through simulation using commercial advanced physical models of semiconductor devices (APSYS), we found that low tunnel resistance can be achieved in the n(+)-GaN/u-InGaN/p(+)-GaN TJ, which has a lower tunneling barrier and an enhanced electric field due to the polarization effect. Graphene TCEs and hybrid graphene-TJ TCEs are then modeled. The designed hybrid TJ-graphene TCEs show sufficient current diffusion length (Ls), low introduced series resistance, and high transmittance. The assembled TJ LED with the triple-layer graphene (TLG) TCEs show comparable optoelectrical performance (3.99 V@20 mA, LOP = 10.8 mW) with the reference LED with ITO TCEs (3.36 V@20 mA, LOP = 12.6 mW). The experimental results further prove that the TJ-graphene structure can be successfully incorporated as TCEs for lateral nitride LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancheng Wang
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
- Mind Star (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. , Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, No. 45 Hing Fat Building 1001, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, John Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yi
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramic & Fine Processing, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Semiconductor Lighting Technology Research and Development Center, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China
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29
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Mao Y, Guo J, Hu C, Yang H, Yang Y, Chen S. A low-cost, highly-conductive polyvinyl alcohol flexible film with Ag-microsheets and AgNWs as fillers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost, high-conductivity flexible conductive films were fabricated using Ag-microsheets, Ag-nanowires (AgNWs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as conducting agents. The flexible conductive film shows good conductivity under stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyun Mao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Macau
- Avenida da Universidade
- Taipa
| | - Junmei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
- Kunming
- China
| | - Changyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
- Kunming
- China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
- Kunming
- China
| | - Yuwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
- Kunming
- China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies for Comprehensive Utilization of Platinum Metals
- Kunming Institute of Precious Metals
- Kunming
- China
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30
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Li X, Zhu J, Wei B. Hybrid nanostructures of metal/two-dimensional nanomaterials for plasmon-enhanced applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3145-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Islam AE, Rogers JA, Alam MA. Recent Progress in Obtaining Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Transistor Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7908-7937. [PMID: 26540144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) with a narrow diameter distribution are required for high-performance transistors. Achieving this goal is extremely challenging because the as-grown material contains mixtures of s-SWCNTs and metallic- (m-) SWCNTs with wide diameter distributions, typically inadequate for integrated circuits. Since 2000, numerous ex situ methods have been proposed to improve the purity of the s-SWCNTs. The majority of these techniques fail to maintain the quality and integrity of the s-SWCNTs with a few notable exceptions. Here, the progress in realizing high purity s-SWCNTs in as-grown and post-processed materials is highlighted. A comparison of transistor parameters (such as on/off ratio and field-effect mobility) obtained from test structures establishes the effectiveness of various methods and suggests opportunities for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad E Islam
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
- National Research Council, Washington, DC, 20001, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Muhammad A Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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32
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Indium-free, highly transparent, flexible Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O mesh electrodes for flexible touch screen panels. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16838. [PMID: 26582471 PMCID: PMC4652235 DOI: 10.1038/srep16838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on an indium-free and cost-effective Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O multilayer mesh electrode grown by room temperature roll-to-roll sputtering as a viable alternative to ITO electrodes for the cost-effective production of large-area flexible touch screen panels (TSPs). By using a low resistivity metallic Cu interlayer and a patterned mesh structure, we obtained Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O multilayer mesh electrodes with a low sheet resistance of 15.1 Ohm/square and high optical transmittance of 89% as well as good mechanical flexibility. Outer/inner bending test results showed that the Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O mesh electrode had a mechanical flexibility superior to that of conventional ITO films. Using the diamond-patterned Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O multilayer mesh electrodes, we successfully demonstrated TSPS of the flexible film-film type and rigid glass-film-film type TSPs. The TSPs with Cu2O/Cu/Cu2O mesh electrode were used to perform zoom in/out functions and multi-touch writing, indicating that these electrodes are promising cost-efficient transparent electrodes to substitute for conventional ITO electrodes in large-area flexible TSPs.
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33
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Park KS, Kim S, Kim H, Kwon D, Lee YEK, Min SW, Im S, Choi HJ, Lim S, Shin H, Koo SM, Sung MM. Wafer-scale single-domain-like graphene by defect-selective atomic layer deposition of hexagonal ZnO. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17702-9. [PMID: 26452020 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Large-area graphene films produced by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are polycrystalline and thus contain numerous grain boundaries that can greatly degrade their performance and produce inhomogeneous properties. A better grain boundary engineering in CVD graphene is essential to realize the full potential of graphene in large-scale applications. Here, we report a defect-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) for stitching grain boundaries of CVD graphene with ZnO so as to increase the connectivity between grains. In the present ALD process, ZnO with a hexagonal wurtzite structure was selectively grown mainly on the defect-rich grain boundaries to produce ZnO-stitched CVD graphene with well-connected grains. For the CVD graphene film after ZnO stitching, the inter-grain mobility is notably improved with only a little change in the free carrier density. We also demonstrate how ZnO-stitched CVD graphene can be successfully integrated into wafer-scale arrays of top-gated field-effect transistors on 4-inch Si and polymer substrates, revealing remarkable device-to-device uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Sejoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Hongbum Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Deokhyeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
| | - Sung-Wook Min
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Seongil Im
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Hyoung Joon Choi
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
| | - Seulky Lim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Sang Man Koo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Myung Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
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34
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Guo Y, Lin L, Zhao S, Deng B, Chen H, Ma B, Wu J, Yin J, Liu Z, Peng H. 2D Hybrid Nanostructured Dirac Materials for Broadband Transparent Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4315-4321. [PMID: 26079564 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Broadband transparent electrodes based on 2D hybrid nanostructured Dirac materials between Bi2 Se3 and graphene are synthesized using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Bi2 Se3 nanoplates are preferentially grown along graphene grain boundaries as "smart" conductive patches to bridge the graphene boundary. These hybrid films increase by one- to threefold in conductivity while remaining highly transparent over broadband wavelength. They also display outstanding chemical stability and mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Guo
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuli Zhao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bing Deng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Bangjun Ma
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jinxiong Wu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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35
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Deng B, Hsu PC, Chen G, Chandrashekar BN, Liao L, Ayitimuda Z, Wu J, Guo Y, Lin L, Zhou Y, Aisijiang M, Xie Q, Cui Y, Liu Z, Peng H. Roll-to-Roll Encapsulation of Metal Nanowires between Graphene and Plastic Substrate for High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:4206-13. [PMID: 26020567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive film on plastic substrate is a critical component in low-cost, flexible, and lightweight optoelectronics. Industrial-scale manufacturing of high-performance transparent conductive flexible plastic is needed to enable wide-ranging applications. Here, we demonstrate a continuous roll-to-roll (R2R) production of transparent conductive flexible plastic based on a metal nanowire network fully encapsulated between graphene monolayer and plastic substrate. Large-area graphene film grown on Cu foil via a R2R chemical vapor deposition process was hot-laminated onto nanowires precoated EVA/PET film, followed by a R2R electrochemical delamination that preserves the Cu foil for reuse. The encapsulated structure minimized the resistance of both wire-to-wire junctions and graphene grain boundaries and strengthened adhesion of nanowires and graphene to plastic substrate, resulting in superior optoelectronic properties (sheet resistance of ∼8 Ω sq(-1) at 94% transmittance), remarkable corrosion resistance, and excellent mechanical flexibility. With these advantages, long-cycle life flexible electrochromic devices are demonstrated, showing up to 10000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Guanchu Chen
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - B N Chandrashekar
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liao
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhawulie Ayitimuda
- §College of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 83500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiong Wu
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfan Guo
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lin
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mahaya Aisijiang
- §College of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 83500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Xie
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cui
- ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ∥Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Peng
- †Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Kim J, Lee MS, Jeon S, Kim M, Kim S, Kim K, Bien F, Hong SY, Park JU. Highly transparent and stretchable field-effect transistor sensors using graphene-nanowire hybrid nanostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3292-7. [PMID: 25885929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Transparent and stretchable electronics with remarkable bendability, conformability, and lightness are the key attributes for sensing or wearable devices. Transparent and stretchable field-effect transistor sensors using graphene-metal nanowire hybrid nanostructures have high mobility (≈3000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) ) with low contact resistance, and they are transferrable onto a variety of substrates. The integration of these sensors for RLC circuits enables wireless monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohee Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangbin Jeon
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Kukjoo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Franklin Bien
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan Metropolitan City, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung You Hong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
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Kholmanov IN, Magnuson CW, Piner R, Kim JY, Aliev AE, Tan C, Kim TY, Zakhidov AA, Sberveglieri G, Baughman RH, Ruoff RS. Optical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of hybrid graphene/carbon nanotube films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3053-3059. [PMID: 25866261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
By combining a graphene layer and aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) sheets in two different configurations, i) graphene on the top of MWNTs and ii) MWNTs on the top of the graphene, it is demonstrated that optical, electrical, and electromechanical properties of the resulting hybrid films depend on configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar N Kholmanov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- CNR-INO, Sensor Lab, University of Brescia, via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carl W Magnuson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Richard Piner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Ali E Aliev
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083-0688, USA
| | - Cheng Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Anvar A Zakhidov
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083-0688, USA
| | - Giorgio Sberveglieri
- CNR-INO, Sensor Lab, University of Brescia, via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75083-0688, USA
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689798, Republic of Korea
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38
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Lee H, Han G, Kim M, Ahn HS, Lee H. High mechanical and tribological stability of an elastic ultrathin overcoating layer for flexible silver nanowire films. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:2252-2259. [PMID: 25677959 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel, nanoscale, thickness-controlled, elastic graphene oxide-polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (GO-PDDA) film using a layer-by-layer technique on silver nanowires and a flexible substrate is reported. Micro- and nanoscale wear and flexibility depending on the thickness and/or elastic nature of the overcoating layer demonstrate high mechanical stability with the PDDA inserted overcoating layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanleem Lee
- Center for Smart Molecular Memory, Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, 440-746, South Korea
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39
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Yao S, Zhu Y. Nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors: strategies, materials and devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1480-511. [PMID: 25619358 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are attracting intensive attention due to their promising applications in many areas where electronic devices undergo large deformation and/or form intimate contact with curvilinear surfaces. On the other hand, a plethora of nanomaterials with outstanding properties have emerged over the past decades. The understanding of nanoscale phenomena, materials, and devices has progressed to a point where substantial strides in nanomaterial-enabled applications become realistic. This review summarizes recent advances in one such application, nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors (one of the most important components for stretchable electronics) and related stretchable devices (e.g., capacitive sensors, supercapacitors and electroactive polymer actuators), over the past five years. Focusing on bottom-up synthesized carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and metal nanomaterials (e.g., metal nanowires and nanoparticles), this review provides fundamental insights into the strategies for developing nanomaterial-enabled highly conductive and stretchable conductors. Finally, some of the challenges and important directions in the area of nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors and devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA
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40
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Yang L, Yu X, Hu W, Wu X, Zhao Y, Yang D. An 8.68% efficiency chemically-doped-free graphene-silicon solar cell using silver nanowires network buried contacts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4135-4141. [PMID: 25642749 DOI: 10.1021/am508211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-silicon (Gr-Si) heterojunction solar cells have been recognized as one of the most low-cost candidates in photovoltaics due to its simple fabrication process. However, the high sheet resistance of chemical vapor deposited (CVD) Gr films is still the most important limiting factor for the improvement of the power conversion efficiency of Gr-Si solar cells, especially in the case of large device-active area. In this work, we have fabricated a novel transparent conductive film by hybriding a monolayer Gr film with silver nanowires (AgNWs) network soldered by the graphene oxide (GO) flakes. This Gr-AgNWs hybrid film exhibits low sheet resistance and larger direct-current to optical conductivity ratio, quite suitable for solar cell fabrication. An efficiency of 8.68% has been achieved for the Gr-AgNWs-Si solar cell, in which the AgNWs network acts as buried contacts. Meanwhile, the Gr-AgNWs-Si solar cells have much better stability than the chemically doped Gr-Si solar cells. These results show a new route for the fabrication of high efficient and stable Gr-Si solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Yang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
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41
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Lee MS, Kim J, Park J, Park JU. Studies on the mechanical stretchability of transparent conductive film based on graphene-metal nanowire structures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:27. [PMID: 25852324 PMCID: PMC4384901 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes with superior flexibility and stretchability as well as good electrical and optical properties are required for applications in wearable electronics with comfort designs and high performances. Here, we present hybrid nanostructures as stretchable and transparent electrodes based on graphene and networks of metal nanowires, and investigate their optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. High electrical and optical characteristics, superb bendability (folded in half), excellent stretchability (10,000 times in stretching cycles with 100% in tensile strain toward a uniaxial direction and 30% in tensile strain toward a multi-axial direction), strong robustness against electrical breakdown and thermal oxidation were obtained through comprehensive study. We believe that these results suggest a substantial promise application in future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798 Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798 Republic of Korea
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42
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Liu S, Weng B, Tang ZR, Xu YJ. Constructing one-dimensional silver nanowire-doped reduced graphene oxide integrated with CdS nanowire network hybrid structures toward artificial photosynthesis. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:861-866. [PMID: 25273001 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A ternary hybrid structure of one-dimensional (1D) silver nanowire-doped reduced graphene oxide (RGO) integrated with a CdS nanowire (NW) network has been fabricated via a simple electrostatic self-assembly method followed by a hydrothermal reduction process. The electrical conductivity of RGO can be significantly enhanced by opening up new conduction channels by bridging the high resistance grain-boundaries (HGBs) with 1D Ag nanowires, which results in a prolonged lifetime of photo-generated charge carriers excited from the CdS NW network, thus making Ag NW-RGO an efficient co-catalyst with the CdS NW network toward artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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43
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Chen M, Duan S, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li C. Three-dimensional porous stretchable and conductive polymer composites based on graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition and PEDOT:PSS coating. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3169-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09367d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The porous CVD graphene–PEDOT:PSS–PDMS composite has outstanding electrical performance, including higher electrical conductivity and better resistance retention capacity than the CVD graphene–PDMS composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Shasha Duan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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44
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Liu Z, Lau SP, Yan F. Functionalized graphene and other two-dimensional materials for photovoltaic devices: device design and processing. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5638-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2D materials have been successfully used in various types of solar cells as transparent electrodes, interfacial and active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Liu
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Centre
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong
- China
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45
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Becton M, Zhang L, Wang X. On the crumpling of polycrystalline graphene by molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6297-304. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05813e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By employing molecular dynamics simulation, this work unravels the crumpling process of polycrystalline graphene and its relevant mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- College of Engineering
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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46
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Chen JZ, Ahn H, Yen SC, Tsai YJ. Thermally induced percolational transition and thermal stability of silver nanowire networks studied by THz spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:20994-20999. [PMID: 25402346 DOI: 10.1021/am5057618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Great demand toward flexible optoelectronic devices finds metal nanowires (NWs) the most promising flexible transparent conducting material with superior mechanical properties. However, ultrathin metal nanowires suffer from relatively poor thermal stability and sheet conductance, attributed to the poor adhesivity of the ohmic contact between nanowires. Thermal heating and annealing at 200 °C increase the conductivity of the metal network, but prolonged annealing accelerates the breakage of NWs near the NW junction and the formation of Ag droplets. In this study, the thermal stability of silver NW (AgNW) films is investigated through the in situ measurements of sheet resistance and terahertz (THz) conductivity. With the improved ohmic contact at the NW junctions by heating, a characteristic transition from the subpercolative to percolative network is observed by in situ THz spectroscopy. It is found that stamp-transferred graphene incorporated with a near-percolative AgNW network can dramatically enhance the thermal stability of the graphene-AgNW (GAgNW) hybrid film. In both in situ measurements, little variation of physical parameters in GAgNW film is observed for up to 3 h of annealing. The presented results offer the potential of graphene-incorporated metal nanowire film as a highly conductive electrode that also has high thermal stability and excellent transparency for next-generation electronics and optoelectronics on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhi Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
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47
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Wu C, Fang L, Huang X, Jiang P. Three-dimensional highly conductive graphene-silver nanowire hybrid foams for flexible and stretchable conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:21026-21034. [PMID: 25376385 DOI: 10.1021/am505908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene foams have showed huge application potentials owing to their unique 3D structure and superior properties. Thus, it is highly desired to develop a simple and effective pathway to fabricate high performance graphene-based foams. Here, we present a polymer template-assisted assembly strategy for fabricating a novel class of graphene/AgNW hybrid foams. The hybrid foams show 3D ordered microstructures, high thermal stability, and excellent electrical and mechanical properties, and demonstrate huge application potential in the fields of flexible and stretchable conductors. Importantly, the polymer-template assisted assembly technique is simple, scalable, and low-cost, providing a new synthesis protocol for various multifunctional graphene hybrid foam-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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48
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An BW, Hyun BG, Kim SY, Kim M, Lee MS, Lee K, Koo JB, Chu HY, Bae BS, Park JU. Stretchable and transparent electrodes using hybrid structures of graphene-metal nanotrough networks with high performances and ultimate uniformity. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6322-8. [PMID: 25299634 DOI: 10.1021/nl502755y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrodes that can maintain their electrical and optical properties stably against large mechanical deformations are essential in numerous applications of flexible and wearable electronics. In this paper, we report a comprehensive analysis of the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of hybrid nanostructures based on graphene and metal nanotrough networks as stretchable and transparent electrodes. Compared to the single material of graphene or the nanotrough, the formation of this hybrid can improve the uniformity of sheet resistance significantly, that is, a very low sheet resistance (1 Ω/sq) with a standard deviation of less than ±0.1 Ω/sq, high transparency (91% in the visible light regime), and superb stretchability (80% in tensile strain). The successful demonstration of skin-attachable, flexible, and transparent arrays of oxide semiconductor transistors fabricated using hybrid electrodes suggests substantial promise for the next generation of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wan An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center and ‡School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City, 689-798, Republic of Korea
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49
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Shi L, Yang J, Yang T, Hanxun Q, Li J, Zheng Q. Molecular level controlled fabrication of highly transparent conductive reduced graphene oxide/silver nanowire hybrid films. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07228f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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50
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Liu K, Chen S, Luo Y, Liu L. Hybrid of silver nanowire and pristine-graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation for synergetic effects on electrical conductive composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03849e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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