1
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Stenspil SG, Laursen BW. Photophysics of fluorescent nanoparticles based on organic dyes - challenges and design principles. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8625-8638. [PMID: 38873083 PMCID: PMC11168078 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles have become attractive for bioanalysis and imaging, due to their high brightness and photostability. Many different optical materials have been applied in fluorescent nanoparticles with a broad range of properties and characteristics. One appealing approach is the incorporation of molecular organic fluorophores in nanoparticles with the intention of transferring their known attractive solution-state properties directly to the nanoparticles. However, as molecular dyes are packed closely together in the nanoparticles their interactions most often result in fluorescence quenching and change in spectral properties making this approach challenging. In this perspective we will first discuss the origins of quenching and spectral shifts observed in dye based nanoparticles. On this background, we will then describe various designs of dye based NPs and how they address the challenges of dye-dye interactions and quenching. Our aim is to provide a general framework for understanding the supramolecular mechanisms that determine the photophysics of dye based nanoparticles. This framework of molecular photophysics and its relation to the internal structure of dye based nanoparticles can hopefully serve to assist rational design and optimization of new and improved dye based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine G Stenspil
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 København Ø Denmark
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2
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Deng S, Men X, Hu M, Liang X, Dai Y, Zhan Z, Huang Z, Chen H, Dong Z. Ratiometric fluorescence sensing NADH using AIE-dots transducers at the point of care. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 250:116082. [PMID: 38308942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) has a strong impact on physiological metabolism, and its concentration is related to metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. A more reliable and accurate detection method for NADH quantitation is needed for early disease diagnosis and point-of-care testing. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials are widely used to improve the sensitivity in analytes assays due to their anti-aggregation-caused quenching property. Here we developed TPA-BQD-Py AIE-dots transducers and evaluated its performance in NADH detection. The NADH concentration-dependent ratiometric sensing was based on electron transfer from TPA-BQD-Py AIE-dots to NADH with variable fluorescence intensity at 584 nm and 470 nm, resulting in high sensitivity (limit of detection at 110 nM), photostability, selectivity, and a rapid and reversible response. We further developed the application of TPA-BQD-Py AIE-dots transducers in in vivo NADH imaging using a smartphone and digital camera, respectively, demonstrating the potential for NADH point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sile Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiaoju Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, China
| | - Muhua Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yujuan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhongchao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhuxin Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Highly efficient and non-doped red conjugated polymer dot for photostable cell imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Men X, Fang X, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Wu C, Chen H. Anisotropic assembly and fluorescence enhancement of conjugated polymer nanostructures. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Men
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Academician Workstation Changsha Medical University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong China
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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5
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Wu Y, Yang H, Shi C, Sun H, Yin S, Wang G. Luminescence-enhanced conjugated polymer dots through thermal treatment for cell imaging. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:4764-4772. [PMID: 35848441 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) are often used as excellent fluorescent probes in the biomedical field. In the process of preparing Pdots, the rapid change of the solvent polarity will result in a messy and defective stacking of the polymer chains in the particle, and these stacking defects of the polymer chains may weaken its luminescence properties. Here, we try to optimize the stacking of the conjugated polymer chains by the thermal annealing treatment. After the low temperature thermal treatment, the fluorescence intensity of Pdots can be enhanced by about 11%-29%, and Pdots maintain their original stability and biosafety. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and single particle fluorescence imaging to reveal the possible mechanism of the chain stacking optimization process, that is, the thermal annealing process of Pdots is the competition between internal chain rearrangement in the particle and particle aggregation. The luminescence-enhanced Pdots exhibit good cellular imaging performance. These results prove that it is feasible to extend the thermal annealing treatment from planar polymer devices to polymer nanoparticles. It provides the possibility to realize stable and complex biological imaging applications using Pdots with a simple molecular structure, and a mature improvement scheme for the mass preparation of Pdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Hanyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chenyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, P. R. China.
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6
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Wu Y, Shi C, Wang G, Sun H, Yin S. Recent Advances in the Development and Applications of Conjugated Polymer dots. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:2995-3015. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer dots or semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (Pdots) are nanoparticles prepared based on organic polymers. Pdots have the advantages of lower cost, simple preparation process, good biocompatibility, excellent stability, easy...
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7
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Liu J, Fang X, Liu Z, Li R, Yang Y, Sun Y, Zhao Z, Wu C. Expansion Microscopy with Multifunctional Polymer Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007854. [PMID: 33988880 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) provides nanoscale resolution on conventional microscopes via physically enlarging specimens with swellable polyelectrolyte gels. However, challenges involving fluorophore degradation and dilution during sample expansion have yet to be overcome. Herein, sequential cellular targeting, gel anchoring, and high-fidelity fluorescence reported using multifunctional polymer dots (Pdots) designed for ExM applications are demonstrated. The impressive brightness of the Pdots facilitates multicolor ExM, thereby enabling visualization of a variety of subcellular structures and neuron synapses. The average fluorescence intensities of Pdots in ExM range from ≈3 to 6 times higher than those achieved using commercially available Alexa dyes. Moreover, the fluorescence brightness and optical fluctuation are significantly improved by a surfactant-containing expansion buffer, which enables further resolution enhancement via super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI). The combination of ExM and SOFI allows subcellular structures of ≈30 nm to be resolved by conventional microscopes. These results highlight the immense potential of multifunctional Pdots for ExM-enhanced super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Rongqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biomedical Pioneer Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongying Zhao
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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8
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Jiang Y, Chen H, Men X, Sun Z, Yuan Z, Zhang X, Chiu DT, Wu C, McNeill J. Multimode Time-Resolved Superresolution Microscopy Revealing Chain Packing and Anisotropic Single Carrier Transport in Conjugated Polymer Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4255-4261. [PMID: 33733782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we developed a novel, multimode superresolution method to perform full-scale structural mapping and measure the energy landscape for single carrier transport along conjugated polymer nanowires. Through quenching of the local emission, the motion of a single photogenerated hole was tracked using blinking-assisted localization microscopy. Then, utilizing binding and unbinding dynamics of quenchers onto the nanowires, local emission spectra were collected sequentially and assembled to create a superresolution map of emission sites throughout the structure. The hole polaron trajectories were overlaid with the superresolution maps to correlate structures with charge transport properties. Using this method, we compared the efficiency of inter- and intrachain hole transport inside the nanowires and for the first time directly measured the depth of carrier traps originated from torsional disorder and chemical defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoju Men
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau
| | - Zezhou Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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9
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Chen H, Yu J, Men X, Zhang J, Ding Z, Jiang Y, Wu C, Chiu DT. Reversible Ratiometric NADH Sensing Using Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12007-12012. [PMID: 33730372 PMCID: PMC8119375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is a key coenzyme in living cells due to its role as an electron carrier in redox reactions, and its concentration is an important indicator of cell metabolic state. Abnormal NADH levels are associated with age-related metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, creating a demand for a simple, rapid analytical method for point-of-care NADH sensing. Here we develop a series of NADH-sensitive semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as nanoprobes for NADH measurement, and test their performance in vitro and in vivo. NADH sensing is based on electron transfer from semiconducting polymer chains in the Pdot to NADH upon UV excitation, quenching Pdot fluorescence emission. In polyfluorene-based Pdots, this mechanism resulted in an on-off NADH sensor; in DPA-CNPPV Pdots, UV excitation resulted in NADH-sensitive emission at two wavelengths, enabling ratiometric detection. Ratiometric NADH detection using DPA-CNPPV Pdots exhibits high sensitivity (3.1 μM limit of detection), excellent selectivity versus other analytes, reversibility, and a fast response (less than 5 s). We demonstrate applications of the ratiometric NADH-sensing Pdots including smartphone-based NADH imaging for point-of-care use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510855, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 510855, China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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10
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Chen H, Yu J, Men X, Zhang J, Ding Z, Jiang Y, Wu C, Chiu DT. Reversible Ratiometric NADH Sensing Using Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Men
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 510855 China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Zhaoyang Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Southern University Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 510855 China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
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11
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Verma M, Chan YH, Saha S, Liu MH. Recent Developments in Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Analytical Detection and NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2142-2159. [PMID: 35014343 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) have attracted enormous attention in applications from fundamental analytical detection to advanced deep-tissue bioimaging due to their ultrahigh fluorescence brightness with excellent photostability and minimal cytotoxicity. Pdots have therefore been widely adopted for a variety types of molecular sensing for analytical detection. More importantly, the recent development of Pdots for use in the optical window between 1000 and 1700 nm, popularly known as the "second near-infrared window" (NIR-II), has emerged as a class of optical transparent imaging technology in the living body. The advantages of the NIR-II region over the traditional NIR-I (700-900 nm) window in fluorescence imaging originate from the reduced autofluorescence, minimal absorption and scattering of light, and improved penetration depths to yield high spatiotemporal images for biological tissues. Herein, we discuss and summarize the recent developments of Pdots employed for analytical detection and NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Starting with their preparation, the recent developments for targeting various analytes are then highlighted. After that, the importance of and latest progress in NIR-II fluorescence imaging using Pdots are reported. Finally, perspectives and challenges associated with the emergence of Pdots in different fields are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ming-Ho Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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12
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Xie M, Hua Y, Hong D, Wan S, Tian Y. Physical insights into protection effect of conjugated polymers by natural antioxidants. RSC Adv 2021; 11:1614-1622. [PMID: 35424094 PMCID: PMC8693752 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) known as organic semiconductors have been broadly applied in photovoltaic and light emitting devices due to their easy fabrication and flexibility. However, one of the bottlenecks limiting the application of CPs is their poor photostability upon continuous excitation which is one of the crucial parameters of CPs. How to improve the photostability of CPs is always one of the key questions in this field. In this work, we found that the photostability of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) molecules can be largely improved by addition of vitamin E (VE) in bulk solution, solid films and single molecules. In solution and films, VE can not only significantly retard the photodegradation of P3HT but also enhance the fluorescence intensity. For individual P3HT molecules, with increasing VE concentrations, the on-time duration increases and the off-time duration becomes shorter. VE as natural antioxidants can not only donate electrons to the long-lived charged species but also quench the triplet states of CPs via energy transfer accelerating the depopulation process back to the ground state. The short duration time of the charged species and the triplet states provides higher fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, VE can also directly react with singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species (ROS) preventing them from reacting with CPs. These results not only provide an efficient strategy for improving the photostability of conjugated polymers in solution and films, but also shed light on better understanding the photophysics of conjugated polymers at single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Daocheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University Nanjing China
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13
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Jiang Y, Hu Q, Chen H, Zhang J, Chiu DT, McNeill J. Dual‐Mode Superresolution Imaging Using Charge Transfer Dynamics in Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA
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14
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Jiang Y, Hu Q, Chen H, Zhang J, Chiu DT, McNeill J. Dual-Mode Superresolution Imaging Using Charge Transfer Dynamics in Semiconducting Polymer Dots. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16173-16180. [PMID: 32521111 PMCID: PMC7811208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In a conjugated polymer-based single-particle heterojunction, stochastic fluctuations of the photogenerated hole population lead to spontaneous fluorescence switching. We found that 405 nm irradiation can induce charge recombination and activate the single-particle emission. Based on these phenomena, we developed a novel class of semiconducting polymer dots that can operate in two superresolution imaging modes. The spontaneous switching mode offers efficient imaging of large areas, with <10 nm localization precision, while the photoactivation/deactivation mode offers slower imaging, with further improved localization precision (ca. 1 nm), showing advantages in resolving small structures that require high spatial resolution. Superresolution imaging of microtubules and clathrin-coated pits was demonstrated, under both modes. The excellent localization precision and versatile imaging options provided by these nanoparticles offer clear advantages for imaging of various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Haobin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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15
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Liu Z, Liu J, Wang X, Mi F, Wang D, Wu C. Fluorescent Bioconjugates for Super-Resolution Optical Nanoscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1857-1872. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
| | - Feixue Mi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
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16
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Liu Z, Liu J, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Shao X, Guo J, Xi L, Yuan Z, Zhang X, Chiu DT, Wu C. Narrow-band polymer dots with pronounced fluorescence fluctuations for dual-color super-resolution imaging. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7522-7526. [PMID: 32215435 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) produces fast, background-free, super-resolved images by analyzing the temporal fluorescence fluctuations of independent emitters. With sufficient brightness and fluctuations, a higher order of image processing affords a higher resolution and in principle the resolution enhancement is unbounded. However, it is practically challenging to find suitable probes for high-order SOFI. Herein, we report two types of BODIPY-based polymer dots (Pdots) with narrow-band emissions, pronounced fluctuations, and prominent photostability, thus enabling high-order, dual-color SOFI nanoscopy. Single-particle and subcellular SOFI analysis reveals the superior performance of the BODIPY Pdots as compared to conventional streptavidin-conjugated Alexa dyes. In contrast with wide-field images, the spatial resolution (∼57 nm) was enhanced by ∼6.0-fold in 8th-order single-particle SOFI nanoscopy. A spatial resolution (61 nm) was obtained for single microtubules labeled by the BODIPY Pdots, while the majority of the subcellular structures were lost for those labeled by streptavidin-Alexa dyes in 8th-order SOFI. This work indicates the unprecedented performance of Pdot probes for multi-color subcellular SOFI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China.
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17
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Ye Z, Wei L, Li Y, Xiao L. Efficient Modulation of β-Amyloid Peptide Fibrillation with Polymer Nanoparticles Revealed by Super-Resolution Optical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8582-8590. [PMID: 31148450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation is the essential hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Efficient inhibitors are highly desired for the prevention of Aβ assembly that has been considered as the primary therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Apart from this, visualization of the aggregates and morphology at high spatial resolution is widely considered of crucial significance on biological treatment. In this work, we have developed small-sized (with diameter of ∼4.7 nm) and positively charged fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNPs) with strong inhibition effect on Aβ1-40 peptides fibrillation. Interestingly, the CPNPs also possess excellent photophysical properties, including high photon counts, robust blinking, and repetitive fluorescence switching, that are especially suitable for localization-based super-resolution imaging. Spatial resolution of ∼20 nm for these blinking CPNPs is readily achieved. According to the optical microscopic results, it was found that binding of CPNPs to the terminal of seed fibrils can effectively inhibit the fibrillation process. Owing to these attractive biological and unique photophysical properties, the small-sized CPNPs show high potential in a variety of super-resolution based biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan Normal University , Changsha , 410081 , China
| | - Yiliang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , The Affiliated Baoan Hospital of Southern Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen , Shenzhen , 510530 , China
| | - Lehui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
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18
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Liu Z, Liu J, Sun Z, Zhang Z, Yuan Y, Fang X, Wang F, Qin W, Wu C. Cooperative Blinking from Dye Ensemble Activated by Energy Transfer for Super-resolution Cellular Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4179-4185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
| | - Zezhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaofeng Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
| | - Weiping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 510855, China
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19
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Tuncel D. π-Conjugated nanostructured materials: preparation, properties and photonic applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:19-33. [PMID: 36132459 PMCID: PMC9473242 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00108a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in π-conjugated nanostructures based on conjugated oligomers and polymers, focusing on their preparation, energy transfer abilities, optoelectronic and laser applications, and photophysical properties including light harvesting. This is a rapidly evolving field as these materials are expected to have many important applications in areas such as light-emitting diodes, solid-state lighting, photovoltaics, solid-state lasers, biophotonics, sensing, imaging, photocatalysis, and photodynamic therapy. Other advantages of these materials are their versatility, and consequently, their adaptability to diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dönüs Tuncel
- Department of Chemistry, UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
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20
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Coceancigh H, Higgins DA, Ito T. Optical Microscopic Techniques for Synthetic Polymer Characterization. Anal Chem 2018; 91:405-424. [PMID: 30350610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herman Coceancigh
- Department of Chemistry , Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building , Manhattan , Kansas 66506-0401 , United States
| | - Daniel A Higgins
- Department of Chemistry , Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building , Manhattan , Kansas 66506-0401 , United States
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry , Kansas State University , 213 CBC Building , Manhattan , Kansas 66506-0401 , United States
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21
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Jiang Y, McNeill J. Superresolution mapping of energy landscape for single charge carriers in plastic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4314. [PMID: 30333490 PMCID: PMC6193038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of conjugated polymer devices is largely dictated by charge transport processes. However, it is difficult to obtain a clear relationship between conjugated polymer structures and charge transport properties, due to the complexity of the structure and the dispersive nature of charge transport in conjugated polymers. Here, we develop a method to map the energy landscape for charge transport in conjugated polymers based on simultaneous, correlated charge carrier tracking and single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy. In nanoparticles of the conjugated polymer poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-thiadiazole)], two dominant chain conformations were observed, a blue-emitting phase (λmax = 550 nm) and a red-emitting phase (λmax = 595 nm). Hole polarons were trapped within the red phase, only occasionally escaping into the blue phase. Polaron hopping between the red-emitting traps was observed, with transition time ranging from tens of milliseconds to several seconds. These results provide unprecedented nanoscale detail about charge transport at the single carrier level. To understand the complex nanoscale structure-property relationships in conjugated polymers for device applications, new methods for tracking charge transport are required. Here, the authors employ superresolution mapping to study the charge carrier dynamics in conjugated polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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22
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Horak EH, Rea MT, Heylman KD, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Saikin SK, Thompson BJ, Kohler DD, Knapper KA, Wei W, Pan F, Gopalan P, Wright JC, Aspuru-Guzik A, Goldsmith RH. Exploring Electronic Structure and Order in Polymers via Single-Particle Microresonator Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1600-1607. [PMID: 29378412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PSS, a transparent electrically conductive polymer, finds widespread use in electronic devices. While empirical efforts have increased conductivity, a detailed understanding of the coupled electronic and morphological landscapes in PEDOT:PSS has lagged due to substantial structural heterogeneity on multiple length-scales. We use an optical microresonator-based absorption spectrometer to perform single-particle measurements, providing a bottom-up examination of electronic structure and morphology ranging from single PEDOT:PSS polymers to nascent films. Using single-particle spectroscopy with complementary theoretical calculations and ultrafast spectroscopy, we demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS displays bulk-like optical response even in single polymers. We find highly ordered PEDOT assemblies with long-range ordering mediated by the insulating PSS matrix and reveal a preferential surface orientation of PEDOT nanocrystallites absent in bulk films with implications for interfacial electronic communication. Our single-particle perspective provides a unique window into the microscopic structure and electronic properties of PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Horak
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Morgan T Rea
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Kevin D Heylman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Semion K Saikin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Blaise J Thompson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Daniel D Kohler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Kassandra A Knapper
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Padma Gopalan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - John C Wright
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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23
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Li T, Yang D, Zhai L, Wang S, Zhao B, Fu N, Wang L, Tao Y, Huang W. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Dots (TADF Odots) for Time-Resolved and Confocal Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells and In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600166. [PMID: 28435770 PMCID: PMC5396166 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The fluorophores with long-lived fluorescent emission are highly desirable for time-resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI) in monitoring target fluorescence. By embedding the aggregates of a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) dye, 2,3,5,6-tetracarbazole-4-cyano-pyridine (CPy), in distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG2000) matrix, CPy-based organic dots (CPy-Odots) with a long fluorescence lifetime of 9.3 μs (in water at ambient condition) and high brightness (with an absolute fluorescence quantum efficiency of 38.3%) are fabricated. CPy-Odots are employed in time-resolved and confocal fluorescence imaging in living Hela cells and in vivo. The green emission from the CPy-Odots is readily differentiated from the cellular autofluorescence background because of their stronger emission intensities and longer lifetimes. Unlike other widely studied DSPE-PEG2000 encapsulated Odots which are always distributed in cytoplasm, CPy-Odots are located mainly in plasma membrane. In addition, the application of CPy-Odots as a bright microangiography agent for TRFI in zebrafish is also demonstrated. Much broader application of CPy-Odots is also prospected after further surface functionalization. Given its simplicity, high fluorescence intensity, and wide availability of TADF materials, the method can be extended to develop more excellent TADF Odots for accomplishing the challenges in future bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Liuqing Zhai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Suiliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Baomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Nina Fu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications9 Wenyuan RoadNanjing210023China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
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24
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Peteanu LA, Chowdhury S, Wildeman J, Sfeir MY. Exciton–Exciton Annihilation as a Probe of Interchain Interactions in PPV–Oligomer Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1707-1714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Peteanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sanchari Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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25
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Chen X, Li R, Liu Z, Sun K, Sun Z, Chen D, Xu G, Xi P, Wu C, Sun Y. Small Photoblinking Semiconductor Polymer Dots for Fluorescence Nanoscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604850. [PMID: 27882627 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two types of small photoblinking Pdots with high brightness, strong photostability, and favorable biocompatibility, are designed. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging is achieved using these Pdots. Imaging of subcellular structures demonstrates that these small photoblinking Pdots are outstanding probes for fast, long-term super-resolution fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Rongqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zezhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Peng Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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26
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Calver CF, Lago BA, Schanze KS, Cosa G. Enhancing the photostability of poly(phenylene ethynylene) for single particle studies. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1821-1831. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced photostability of conjugated polyelectrolytes achieved by using anti-fading agents opens the way for advanced single molecule fluorescence imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Calver
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA)
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - B. A. Lago
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA)
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - K. S. Schanze
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at San Antonio
- San Antonio
- USA
| | - G. Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA)
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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27
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Jiang Y, McNeill J. Light-Harvesting and Amplified Energy Transfer in Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2016; 117:838-859. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jason McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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28
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Luo W, Wu M, Li S, Xu Y, Ye Z, Wei L, Chen B, Xu QH, Xiao L. Nanoprecipitation of Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer onto the Surface of Plasmonic Nanoparticle for Fluorescence/Dark-Field Dual-Modality Single Particle Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6827-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Luo
- College
of Chemistry, Nankai Univeristy, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ming Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yueling Xu
- College
of Chemistry, Nankai Univeristy, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhongju Ye
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Dynamic Optical Microscopic Imaging Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lehui Xiao
- College
of Chemistry, Nankai Univeristy, Tianjin, 300071, China
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29
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Zhang J, Chen W, Kalytchuk S, Li KF, Chen R, Adachi C, Chen Z, Rogach AL, Zhu G, Yu PKN, Zhang W, Cheah KW, Zhang X, Lee CS. Self-Assembly of Electron Donor-Acceptor-Based Carbazole Derivatives: Novel Fluorescent Organic Nanoprobes for Both One- and Two-Photon Cellular Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11355-11365. [PMID: 27097920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report fluorescent organic nanoprobes with intense blue, green, and orange-red emissions prepared by self-assembling three carbazole derivatives into nanorods/nanoparticles. The three compounds consist of two or four electron-donating carbazole groups linked to a central dicyanobenzene electron acceptor. Steric hindrance from the carbazole groups leads to noncoplanar 3D molecular structures favorable to fluorescence in the solid state, while the donor-acceptor structures endow the molecules with good two-photon excited emission properties. The fluorescent organic nanoprobes exhibit good water dispersibility, low cytotoxicity, superior resistance against photodegradation and photobleaching. Both one- and two-photon fluorescent imaging were shown in the A549 cell line. Two-photon fluorescence imaging with the fluorescent probes was demonstrated to be more effective in visualizing and distinguishing cellular details compared to conventional one-photon fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | | | - King Fai Li
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Zhan Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Nano-organic Photoelectronic Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kok Wai Cheah
- Department of Physics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong & City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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30
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Maskey S, Osti NC, Grest GS, Perahia D. Dynamics of Polydots: Soft Luminescent Polymeric Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Maskey
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Naresh C. Osti
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia
National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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31
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Zhang J, Chen R, Zhu Z, Adachi C, Zhang X, Lee CS. Highly Stable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles with a Large Stokes Shift for Noninvasive Long-Term Cellular Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26266-26274. [PMID: 26558487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b08539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic nanoparticles based on small molecules have been regarded as promising candidates for bioimaging in recent years. In this study, we report a highly stable near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent organic nanoprobes based on nanoparticles of an anthraquinone derivate with strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics and a large Stokes shift (>175 nm). These endow the nanoprobe with high fluorescent brightness and high signal-to-noise ratio. On the other hand, the nanoprobe also shows low cytotoxicity, good stability over a wide pH range, superior resistance against photodegradation and photobleaching comparing to typical commercial fluorescent organic dyes such as fluorescein sodium. Endowed with such merits in term of optical performance, biocompatibility, and stability, the nanoprobe is demonstrated to be an ideal fluorescent probe for noninvasive long-term cellular tracing and imaging applications. As an example, it is shown that strong red fluorescence from the nanoprobe can still be clearly observed in A549 human lung cancer cells after incubation for six generations over 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zelin Zhu
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University , Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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32
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Grußmayer KS, Steiner F, Lupton JM, Herten DP, Vogelsang J. Differentiation between Shallow and Deep Charge Trap States on Single Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Chains through Fluorescence Photon Statistics. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3578-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin S. Grußmayer
- CellNetworks Cluster und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69210 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florian Steiner
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - John M. Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Dirk-Peter Herten
- CellNetworks Cluster und Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut; Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 267 69210 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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Liu Z, Sun Z, Di W, Qin W, Yuan Z, Wu C. Brightness calibrates particle size in single particle fluorescence imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1242-5. [PMID: 25831303 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This Letter provides a novel approach to quantify the particle sizes of highly bright semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) for single-particle imaging and photobleaching studies. A quadratic dependence of single-particle brightness on particle size was determined by single-particle fluorescence imaging and intensity statistics. In terms of the same imaging conditions, the particle diameter can be quantified by comparing the individual brightness intensity with associated calibration curve. Based on this sizing method, photobleaching trajectories and overall photon counts emitted by single particles were analyzed. It is found that photobleaching rate constants of different sized Pdots are not strongly dependent on particle diameter except the sparsely occurring fluorescence blinking in certain dim particles and the rapid photobleaching component in some bright particles. The overall photon counts increase with increasing particle diameter. However, those larger than 30 nm deviate away from the increasing tendency. These results reveal the significance of selecting appropriate Pdots (≤30 nm) for single-particle imaging and tracking applications.
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Rong Y, Yu J, Zhang X, Sun W, Ye F, Wu IC, Zhang Y, Hayden S, Zhang Y, Wu C, Chiu DT. Yellow Fluorescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots with High Brightness, Small Size, and Narrow Emission for Biological Applications. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1051-1054. [PMID: 25419486 PMCID: PMC4235388 DOI: 10.1021/mz500383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Cross-linked
polymer dots with intense and narrow yellow emission
were designed using boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) polymer as the acceptor
and poly[9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl-co-1,4-benzo-{2,1′-3}-thiadiazole]
(PFBT) polymer as the donor. The emission fwhm’s of the polymer
dots (Pdots) were 37 nm. CL-BODIPY 565 Pdots were about 5 times brighter
than commercial quantum dots (Qdots) 565 under identical experimental
conditions. Specific cellular targeting indicated that the small,
bright, and narrow emissive CL-BODIPY 565 Pdots are promising probes
for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Division of Molecular Surface Physics & Nanoscience, Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Wei Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fangmao Ye
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - I-Che Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sarah Hayden
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State
Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic
Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Sun W, Yu J, Deng R, Rong Y, Fujimoto B, Wu C, Zhang H, Chiu DT. Semiconducting polymer dots doped with europium complexes showing ultranarrow emission and long luminescence lifetime for time-gated cellular imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:11294-7. [PMID: 24030955 PMCID: PMC3883514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bright dots: Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) doped with europium complexes possess line-like fluorescence emission, high quantum yield, and long fluorescence lifetime. The Pdots successfully labeled receptors on cells. The long fluorescence lifetime of the Pdots was used to distinguish them from other red fluorescence emitting nanoparticles, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio for time-gated cellular imaging. PVK=poly(9-vinylcarbazole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Ruiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Bryant Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 (USA)
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36
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Sun W, Yu J, Deng R, Rong Y, Fujimoto B, Wu C, Zhang H, Chiu DT. Semiconducting Polymer Dots Doped with Europium Complexes Showing Ultranarrow Emission and Long Luminescence Lifetime for Time-Gated Cellular Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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37
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Wang L, Wu CF, Wang HY, Wang YF, Chen QD, Han W, Qin WP, McNeill J, Sun HB. Internal structure-mediated ultrafast energy transfer in self-assembled polymer-blend dots. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:7265-7270. [PMID: 23817864 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Applications of polymeric semiconductors in organic electronics and biosensors depend critically on the nature of energy transfer in these materials. Important questions arise as to how this long-range transport degrades in amorphous condensed solids which are most amenable to low-cost optoelectronic devices and how fast energy transfer could occur. Here, we address these in disordered, densely packed nanoparticles made from green-light-harvesting host polymers (PFBT) and deep-red-emitting dopant polymers (PF-DBT5). By femtosecond selective excitation of donor (BT) units, we study in detail the internal structure-mediated energy transfer to uniformly distributed, seldom acceptor (DBT) units. It has been unambiguously demonstrated that the creation of interchain species is responsible for the limitation of bulk exciton diffusion length in polymer materials. This interchain Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) becomes a preferred and dominant channel, and near 100% energy transfer efficiency could be achieved at high acceptor concentrations (>10 wt%). Side-chain carboxylic acid groups in functionalized polymer-blend dots slightly slow down the FRET rate, but it could not affect the Förster radius and FRET efficiency. These findings imply that a greater understanding of the role of interchain species could be an efficient approach to improve the cell efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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38
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Maskey S, Osti NC, Perahia D, Grest GS. Internal Correlations and Stability of Polydots, Soft Conjugated Polymeric Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2013; 2:700-704. [PMID: 35606955 DOI: 10.1021/mz400225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers collapsed into long-lived highly luminescent nanoparticles, or polydots, have opened a new paradigm of tunable organic particles with an immense potential enhancing intracellular imaging and drug delivery. Albeit the chains are not in their equilibrium conformation and are not confined by cross-links, they remain stable over astounding long times. Using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with an innovative method to controllably collapse an inherently rigid polymer, we determined for the first time the internal structure and stability of polydots made of dialkyl-para-phenylene ethynylene, immersed in water, a biological relevant medium. In contrast to natural aggregates, the aromatic rings within the polydots are uncorrelated, with little to no water in its interior. This lack of correlation explains the differences of luminescence characteristics between spontaneously aggregated conjugated polymers and polydots. Resolving the conformation and stability of these particles will enable transforming an idea to a new effective tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Maskey
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634,
United States
| | - Naresh C. Osti
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634,
United States
| | - Dvora Perahia
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634,
United States
| | - Gary S. Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United
States
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39
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Wu C, Chiu DT. Highly fluorescent semiconducting polymer dots for biology and medicine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3086-109. [PMID: 23307291 PMCID: PMC5616106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, semiconducting polymer nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention because of their outstanding characteristics as fluorescent probes. These nanoparticles, which primarily consist of π-conjugated polymers and are called polymer dots (Pdots) when they exhibit small particle size and high brightness, have demonstrated utility in a wide range of applications such as fluorescence imaging and biosensing. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the photophysical properties of Pdots which speak to the merits of these entities as fluorescent labels. This review also highlights the surface functionalization and biomolecular conjugation of Pdots, and their applications in cellular labeling, in vivo imaging, single-particle tracking, biosensing, and drug delivery. We discuss the relationship between the physical properties and performance, and evaluate the merits and limitations of the Pdot probes for certain imaging tasks and fluorescence assays. We also tackle the current challenges of Pdots and share our perspective on the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
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40
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Koner AL, Krndija D, Hou Q, Sherratt DJ, Howarth M. Hydroxy-terminated conjugated polymer nanoparticles have near-unity bright fraction and reveal cholesterol-dependence of IGF1R nanodomains. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1137-1144. [PMID: 23330847 PMCID: PMC3584654 DOI: 10.1021/nn3042122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles have enabled many discoveries regarding how molecular machines function. Quantum dots have been the dominant class of fluorescent nanoparticles but suffer from blinking and from a substantial dark fraction--particles where the fluorescence is never seen--complicating any analysis of biological function. Nanoparticles composed of conjugated fluorescent polymers (Pdots) have recently been shown to have high brightness and no blinking. Here we develop a robust and efficient means to measure the dark fraction of Pdots, conjugating Atto dyes to the nanoparticles and testing fluorescence colocalization of dye and Pdot puncta. This established that the Pdots we generated had minimal dark fraction: ∼3%. The application of nanoparticles in biological environments is highly sensitive to surface functionalization. For Pdots we found that passivation with uncharged hydroxy-terminated polyethylene glycol caused a dramatic reduction in nonspecific cell binding and aggregation compared to a charged coating. Using carbonyl di-imidazole the hydroxy-Pdots were functionalized efficiently with streptavidin for high stability targeting, allowing specific labeling of mammalian cells. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) regulates cell survival and development, with roles in aging, heart disease, and cancer. We used hydroxy-Pdots to track the dynamics of IGF1R on a breast cancer cell-line, determining the diffusion characteristics and showing cholesterol-containing membrane nanodomains were important for receptor mobility at the plasma membrane. The near-unity bright fraction and low nonspecific binding of hydroxy-Pdots, combined with Pdot photostability and lack of blinking, provides many advantages for investigations at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba L. Koner
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Krndija
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Qiong Hou
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510613, China
| | - David J. Sherratt
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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41
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Wu C, Chiu DT. Stark fluoreszierende halbleitende Polymerpunkte für Biologie und Medizin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Tian Z, Yu J, Wang X, Groff LC, Grimland JL, McNeill JD. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles Incorporating Antifade Additives for Improved Brightness and Photostability. J Phys Chem B 2012; 117:4517-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3086254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29634, United States
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29634, United States
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29634, United States
| | - Louis C. Groff
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29634, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Grimland
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29634, United States
| | - Jason D. McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
29634, United States
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43
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Yu J, Wu C, Zhang X, Ye F, Gallina ME, Rong Y, Wu Y, Sun W, Chan YH, Chiu DT. Stable functionalization of small semiconducting polymer dots via covalent cross-linking and their application for specific cellular imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3498-504. [PMID: 22684783 PMCID: PMC3433747 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201201245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile cross-linking strategy covalently links functional molecules to semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) while simultaneously providing functional groups for biomolecular conjugation. In addition to greatly enhanced stability, the formed Pdots are small (<10 nm), which can be difficult to achieve with current methods but is highly desirable for most biological applications. These characteristics are significant for improving labeling efficiency and sensitivity in cellular assays that employ Pdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Changfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fangmao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Maria Elena Gallina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yizhe Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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44
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So WY, Hong J, Kim JJ, Sherwood GA, Chacon-Madrid K, Werner JH, Shreve AP, Peteanu LA, Wildeman J. Effects of Solvent Properties on the Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Alkoxy-Substituted PPV Oligomer Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10504-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp301971p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Young So
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Janice J. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Gizelle A. Sherwood
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kelly Chacon-Madrid
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - James H. Werner
- Materials Physics and Applications
Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andrew P. Shreve
- Materials Physics and Applications
Division, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Linda A. Peteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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