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Colapietro P, Brunetti G, di Toma A, Ferrara F, Chiriacò MS, Ciminelli C. High Stability and Low Power Nanometric Bio-Objects Trapping through Dielectric-Plasmonic Hybrid Nanobowtie. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:390. [PMID: 39194619 DOI: 10.3390/bios14080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Micro and nano-scale manipulation of living matter is crucial in biomedical applications for diagnostics and pharmaceuticals, facilitating disease study, drug assessment, and biomarker identification. Despite advancements, trapping biological nanoparticles remains challenging. Nanotweezer-based strategies, including dielectric and plasmonic configurations, show promise due to their efficiency and stability, minimizing damage without direct contact. Our study uniquely proposes an inverted hybrid dielectric-plasmonic nanobowtie designed to overcome the primary limitations of existing dielectric-plasmonic systems, such as high costs and manufacturing complexity. This novel configuration offers significant advantages for the stable and long-term trapping of biological objects, including strong energy confinement with reduced thermal effects. The metal's efficient light reflection capability results in a significant increase in energy field confinement (EC) within the trapping site, achieving an enhancement of over 90% compared to the value obtained with the dielectric nanobowtie. Numerical simulations confirm the successful trapping of 100 nm viruses, demonstrating a trapping stability greater than 10 and a stiffness of 2.203 fN/nm. This configuration ensures optical forces of approximately 2.96 fN with an input power density of 10 mW/μm2 while preserving the temperature, chemical-biological properties, and shape of the biological sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Colapietro
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita di Toma
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC-Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73200 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Ciminelli
- Optoelectronics Laboratory, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 6, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Villa N, Tartari E, Glicenstein S, de Villiers de la Noue H, Picard E, Marcoux PR, Zelsmann M, Resch G, Hadji E, Houdré R. Optical Trapping and Fast Discrimination of Label-Free Bacteriophages at the Single Virion Level. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308814. [PMID: 38282203 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
There is a recent resurgence of interest in phage therapy (the therapeutic use of bacterial viruses) as an approach to eliminating difficult-to-treat infections. However, existing approaches for therapeutic phage selection and virulence testing are time-consuming, host-dependent, and facing reproducibility issues. Here, this study presents an innovative approach wherein integrated resonant photonic crystal (PhC) cavities in silicon are used as optical nanotweezers for probing and manipulating single bacteria and single virions with low optical power. This study demonstrates that these nanocavities differentiate between a bacterium and a phage without labeling or specific surface bioreceptors. Furthermore, by tailoring the spatial extent of the resonant optical mode in the low-index medium, phage distinction across phenotypically distinct phage families is demonstrated. The work paves the road to the implementation of optical nanotweezers in phage therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Villa
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Tartari
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Simon Glicenstein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Hugues de Villiers de la Noue
- Laboratory of Bacteriophages and Phage Therapy, Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRISP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Picard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Pierre R Marcoux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTIS, L4IV, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, LTM, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Grégory Resch
- Laboratory of Bacteriophages and Phage Therapy, Center for Research and Innovation in Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences (CRISP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Hadji
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Romuald Houdré
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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3
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. Advanced Mechanical Testing Technologies at the Cellular Level: The Mechanisms and Application in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37571149 PMCID: PMC10422338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics, as a key physical factor which affects cell function and tissue regeneration, is attracting the attention of researchers in the fields of biomaterials, biomechanics, and tissue engineering. The macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have been studied and optimized based on different applications. However, the mechanical properties of the overall scaffold materials are not enough to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the cell-matrix interaction. Hence, the mechanical detection of cell mechanics and cellular-scale microenvironments has become crucial for unraveling the mechanisms which underly cell activities and which are affected by physical factors. This review mainly focuses on the advanced technologies and applications of cell-scale mechanical detection. It summarizes the techniques used in micromechanical performance analysis, including atomic force microscope (AFM), optical tweezer (OT), magnetic tweezer (MT), and traction force microscope (TFM), and analyzes their testing mechanisms. In addition, the application of mechanical testing techniques to cell mechanics and tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and porous scaffolds, is summarized and discussed. Finally, it highlights the challenges and prospects of this field. This review is believed to provide valuable insights into micromechanics in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Butt MA, Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN, Voronkov GS, Grakhova EP, Kutluyarov RV. A Review on Photonic Sensing Technologies: Status and Outlook. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:568. [PMID: 37232929 PMCID: PMC10216520 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In contemporary science and technology, photonic sensors are essential. They may be made to be extremely resistant to some physical parameters while also being extremely sensitive to other physical variables. Most photonic sensors may be incorporated on chips and operate with CMOS technology, making them suitable for use as extremely sensitive, compact, and affordable sensors. Photonic sensors can detect electromagnetic (EM) wave changes and convert them into an electric signal due to the photoelectric effect. Depending on the requirements, scientists have found ways to develop photonic sensors based on several interesting platforms. In this work, we extensively review the most generally utilized photonic sensors for detecting vital environmental parameters and personal health care. These sensing systems include optical waveguides, optical fibers, plasmonics, metasurfaces, and photonic crystals. Various aspects of light are used to investigate the transmission or reflection spectra of photonic sensors. In general, resonant cavity or grating-based sensor configurations that work on wavelength interrogation methods are preferred, so these sensor types are mostly presented. We believe that this paper will provide insight into the novel types of available photonic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolay L. Kazanskiy
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS—Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Khonina
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS—Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Grigory S. Voronkov
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, Z. Validi St. 32, 450076 Ufa, Russia
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Yang S, Allen JA, Hong C, Arnold KP, Weiss SM, Ndukaife JC. Multiplexed Long-Range Electrohydrodynamic Transport and Nano-Optical Trapping with Cascaded Bowtie Photonic Crystal Nanobeams. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:083802. [PMID: 36898095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.083802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal cavities with bowtie defects that combine ultrahigh Q and ultralow mode volume are theoretically studied for low-power nanoscale optical trapping. By harnessing the localized heating of the water layer near the bowtie region, combined with an applied alternating current electric field, this system provides long-range electrohydrodynamic transport of particles with average radial velocities of 30 μm/s towards the bowtie region on demand by switching the input wavelength. Once transported to a given bowtie region, synergistic interaction of optical gradient and attractive negative thermophoretic forces stably trap a 10 nm quantum dot in a potential well with a depth of 10 k_{B}T using a mW input power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Joshua A Allen
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Chuchuan Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Kellen P Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Sharon M Weiss
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Justus C Ndukaife
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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6
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Abstract
Plasmonic and dielectric tweezers represent a common paradigm for an innovative and efficient optical trapping at the micro/nanoscale. Plasmonic configurations provide subwavelength mode confinement, resulting in very high optical forces, at the expense of a higher thermal effect, that could undermine the biological sample under test. On the contrary, dielectric configurations show limited optical forces values but overcome the thermal challenge. Achieving efficient optical trapping without affecting the sample temperature is still demanding. Here, we propose the design of a silicon (Si)-based dielectric nanobowtie dimer, made by two tip-to-tip triangle semiconductor elements. The combination of the conservation of the normal component of the electric displacement and the tangential component of the electric field, with a consequent large energy field confinement in the trapping site, ensures optical forces of about 27 fN with a power of 6 mW/µm2. The trapping of a virus with a diameter of 100 nm is demonstrated with numerical simulations, calculating a stability S = 1, and a stiffness k = 0.33 fN/nm, within a footprint of 0.96 µm2, preserving the temperature of the sample (temperature variation of 0.3 K).
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7
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Carlson CA, Udad XS, Owen Q, Amin-Patel AP, Chang WJ, Woehl JC. DC corral trapping of single nanoparticles and macromolecules in solution. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:164201. [PMID: 35489994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in sorting, separating, and characterizing ever smaller amounts of chemical and biological material depends on the availability of methods for the controlled interaction with nanoscale and molecular-size objects. Here, we report on the reversible, tunable trapping of single DNA molecules and other charged micro- and nanoparticles in aqueous solution using a direct-current (DC) corral trap setup. The trap consists of a circular, non-conductive void in a metal-coated surface that, when charged, generates an electrostatic potential well in the proximate solution. Our results demonstrate that stable, nanoscale confinement of charged objects is achievable over extended periods of time, that trap stiffness is controlled by the applied voltage, and that simultaneous trapping of multiple objects is feasible. The approach shows great promise for lab-on-a-chip systems and biomedical applications due to its simplicity, scalability, selectivity, and the capability to manipulate single DNA molecules in standard buffer solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Xavier S Udad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Quintus Owen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Alaknanda P Amin-Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
| | - Jörg C Woehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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8
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Wang J, Wang C, Han Z, Tian H. On-chip trapping and sorting of nanoparticles using a single slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11192-11202. [PMID: 35473068 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a slotted photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) to trap and sort the 120 nm and 30 nm nanoparticles. The simulation shows that the maximum optical trapping force of the 120 nm particle is 38.7 pN/mW, and that of the 30 nm particle is 10.8 pN/mW. It is calculated that the trapping threshold power of the 120 nm particle is 35.3 µW, and that of the 30 nm particle is 41.6 µW. Because the width of the slot is 100 nm, when the input power is between 35.3 µW and 41.6 µW, only the 120 nm particle can be trapped in the upper cladding of the slotted-PCNC. When the input power is greater than 41.6 µW, the 120 nm particle is still trapped in the upper cladding of the slotted-PCNC, while the 30 nm particle is trapped inside the slot of the slotted-PCNC. By properly controlling the input power and the direction of flow in the microfluidic channel, the sorting of particles can be achieved. In addition, trapping of the particles causes different redshifts of peak wavelengths. Thus, the proposed slotted-PCNC can detect particle trapping and sorting by monitoring the resonant wavelength shifts. What is the most important, compared with previous reported single particle trapping work, is that the proposed work can realize both trapping and sorting. Therefore, provided with the ultra-compact footprint and excellent performance, the proposed slotted-PCNC shows great potential for a multifunctional lab-on-a-chip system.
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9
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Ye F, Inman JT, Hong Y, Hall PM, Wang MD. Resonator nanophotonic standing-wave array trap for single-molecule manipulation and measurement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:77. [PMID: 35013276 PMCID: PMC8748738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanophotonic tweezers represent emerging platforms with significant potential for parallel manipulation and measurements of single biological molecules on-chip. However, trapping force generation represents a substantial obstacle for their broader utility. Here, we present a resonator nanophotonic standing-wave array trap (resonator-nSWAT) that demonstrates significant force enhancement. This platform integrates a critically-coupled resonator design to the nSWAT and incorporates a novel trap reset scheme. The nSWAT can now perform standard single-molecule experiments, including stretching DNA molecules to measure their force-extension relations, unzipping DNA molecules, and disrupting and mapping protein-DNA interactions. These experiments have realized trapping forces on the order of 20 pN while demonstrating base-pair resolution with measurements performed on multiple molecules in parallel. Thus, the resonator-nSWAT platform now meets the benchmarks of a table-top precision optical trapping instrument in terms of force generation and resolution. This represents the first demonstration of a nanophotonic platform for such single-molecule experiments. Applications of nanophotonic tweezers have been limited by the low trapping force. Here, the authors present enhanced force generation in a nanophotonic standing-wave array trap by integrating a critically-coupled resonator design and demonstrate common single-molecule experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Ye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Physics & LASSP, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James T Inman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Department of Physics & LASSP, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yifeng Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Michelle D Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,Department of Physics & LASSP, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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10
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Zhong K, Yu W, de Coene Y, Yamada A, Krylychkina O, Jooken S, Deschaume O, Bartic C, Clays K. Dual photonic bandgap hollow sphere colloidal photonic crystals for real-time fluorescence enhancement in living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113577. [PMID: 34481238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the problems of refractive index matching and increased disorder when working with traditional heterostructure colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) with dual or multiple photonic bandgaps (PBGs) for fluorescence enhancement in water, we propose the use of a chemical heterostructure in hollow sphere CPCs (HSCPCs). A partial chemical modification of the HSCPC creates a large contrast in wettability to induce the heterostructure, while the hollow spheres increase the refractive index difference when used in aqueous environment. With the platform, fluorescence enhancement reaches around 160 times in solution, and 72 times (signal-to-background ratio ~7 times) in cells during proof-of-concept live cardiomyocyte contractility experiments. Such photonic platform can be further exploited for chemical sensing, bioassays, and environmental monitoring. Moreover, the introduction of chemical heterostructures provides new design principles for functionalized photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhong
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wei Yu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yovan de Coene
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | | | - Stijn Jooken
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Deschaume
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory of Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Laboratory for Molecular Electronics and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang W, van Dijk M, Primavera C, Dekker C. FIB-milled plasmonic nanoapertures allow for long trapping times of individual proteins. iScience 2021; 24:103237. [PMID: 34746702 PMCID: PMC8551080 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a fabrication methodology for label-free optical trapping of individual nanobeads and proteins in inverted-bowtie-shaped plasmonic gold nanopores. Arrays of these nanoapertures can be reliably produced using focused ion beam (FIB) milling with gap sizes of 10–20 nm, single-nanometer variation, and with a remarkable stability that allows for repeated use. We employ an optical readout where the presence of the protein entering the trap is marked by an increase in the transmission of light through the nanoaperture from the shift of the plasmonic resonance. In addition, the optical trapping force of the plasmonic nanopores allows 20-nm polystyrene beads and proteins, such as beta-amylase and Heat Shock Protein (HSP90), to be trapped for very long times (approximately minutes). On demand, we can release the trapped molecule for another protein to be interrogated. Our work opens up new routes to acquire information on the conformation and dynamics of individual proteins. We demonstrate fabrication of arrays of inverted-bowtie-shaped plasmonic gold nanopores Arrays (>64) of bowties with 10 to 20-nm size gap and single-nanometer variation can be produced We optically tweeze and detect single 20-nm polystyrene beads and individual proteins Our system allows for long observations (approximately minutes) of protein dynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Yang
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Madeleine van Dijk
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Primavera
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cees Dekker
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Zhu Z, Man Z, Bu J, Fang H, Min C, Yuan X. Nonlinearity-modulated single molecule trapping and Raman scattering analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:32285-32295. [PMID: 34615303 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection and analysis play important roles in many current biomedical researches. The deep-nanoscale hotspots, being excited and confined in a plasmonic nanocavity, make it possible to simultaneously enhance the nonlinear light-matter interactions and molecular Raman scattering for label-free detections. Here, we theoretically show that a nanocavity formed in a tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) system can also achieve valid optical trapping as well as TERS signal detection for a single molecule. In addition, the nonlinear responses of metallic tip and substrate film can change their intrinsic physical properties, leading to the modulation of the optical trapping force and the TERS signal. The results demonstrate a new degree of freedom brought by the nonlinearity for effectively modulating the optical trapping and Raman detection in single molecule level. This proposed platform also shows a great potential in various fields of research that need high-precision surface imaging.
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13
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Temperature Effects on Optical Trapping Stability. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080954. [PMID: 34442576 PMCID: PMC8400024 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, optically trapped luminescent particles have emerged as a reliable probe for contactless thermal sensing because of the dependence of their luminescence on environmental conditions. Although the temperature effect in the optical trapping stability has not always been the object of study, the optical trapping of micro/nanoparticles above room temperature is hindered by disturbances caused by temperature increments of even a few degrees in the Brownian motion that may lead to the release of the particle from the trap. In this report, we summarize recent experimental results on thermal sensing experiments in which micro/nanoparticles are used as probes with the aim of providing the contemporary state of the art about temperature effects in the stability of potential trapping processes.
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14
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Chen WL, Jayan M, Kwon JS, Chuang HS. Facile open-well immunofluorescence enhancement with coplanar-electrodes-enabled optoelectrokinetics and magnetic particles. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113527. [PMID: 34325238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrokinetic manipulation has been proven powerful in enhancing the sensing capability of general-purpose biochips. However, the close-form configuration of biochips and the required use of low electric conductivity limit their practicability. In this study, an open-well microfluidic system facilitated with coplanar-electrodes-enabled optoelectrokinetic concentration and magnetic particles were therefore developed to overcome these challenges. The open side achieves optoelectrokinetic manipulation for biosignal enhancement, enabling free manual operations. Magnetic particles were employed in immunoassays to facilitate the rapid onsite separation of targets. A common cytokine biomarker found in many diseases, that is, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), was used for assessing the immunosensing system. In addition to the benefits inherited from the immunoassays, the fluorescent signal enhanced by the optoelectrokinetic technique also featured rapid enhancement in 1 min and a limit of detection of as low as 2.9 pg/mL. The open-well architecture allowed the entire immunosensing process to be completed on site without frequent off-site washing. For a practical test, the TNF-α in human tear fluids was measured by the developed device and validated with a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data show consistency in terms of trend. The developed open-well optoelectrokinetic device provides an insight into future facile clinical diagnoses. By simply modifying the surface linkers on the magnetic particles, the technique can be further extended to more other trace biomarker detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Mansha Jayan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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15
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Kolbow JD, Lindquist NC, Ertsgaard CT, Yoo D, Oh SH. Nano-Optical Tweezers: Methods and Applications for Trapping Single Molecules and Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1409-1420. [PMID: 33797179 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Optical tweezers were developed in 1970 by Arthur Ashkin as a tool for the manipulation of micron-sized particles. Ashkin's original design was then adapted for a variety of purposes, such as trapping and manipulation of biological materials[1] and the laser cooling of atoms.[2,3] More recent development has led to nano-optical tweezers, for trapping particles on the scale of only a few nanometers, and holographic tweezers, which allow for dynamic control of multiple traps in real-time. These alternatives to conventional optical tweezers have made it possible to trap single molecules and to perform a variety of studies on them. Presented here is a review of recent developments in nano-optical tweezers and their current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Kolbow
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Kenneth H. Keller Hall, 200, Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nathan C Lindquist
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Bethel University, 3900 Bethel Drive, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA
| | - Christopher T Ertsgaard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Kenneth H. Keller Hall, 200, Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Kenneth H. Keller Hall, 200, Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Kenneth H. Keller Hall, 200, Union St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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16
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Corsetti S, Dholakia K. Optical manipulation: advances for biophotonics in the 21st century. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210127-PER. [PMID: 34235899 PMCID: PMC8262092 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.7.070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical trapping is a technique capable of applying minute forces that has been applied to studies spanning single molecules up to microorganisms. AIM The goal of this perspective is to highlight some of the main advances in the last decade in this field that are pertinent for a biomedical audience. APPROACH First, the direct determination of forces in optical tweezers and the combination of optical and acoustic traps, which allows studies across different length scales, are discussed. Then, a review of the progress made in the direct trapping of both single-molecules, and even single-viruses, and single cells with optical forces is outlined. Lastly, future directions for this methodology in biophotonics are discussed. RESULTS In the 21st century, optical manipulation has expanded its unique capabilities, enabling not only a more detailed study of single molecules and single cells but also of more complex living systems, giving us further insights into important biological activities. CONCLUSIONS Optical forces have played a large role in the biomedical landscape leading to exceptional new biological breakthroughs. The continuous advances in the world of optical trapping will certainly lead to further exploitation, including exciting in-vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Corsetti
- University of St Andrews, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Stella Corsetti,
| | - Kishan Dholakia
- University of St Andrews, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
- University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Yonsei University, College of Science, Department of Physics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Du G, Lu Y, Lankanath D, Hou X, Chen F. Theoretical Study on Symmetry-Broken Plasmonic Optical Tweezers for Heterogeneous Noble-Metal-Based Nano-Bowtie Antennas. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:759. [PMID: 33803040 PMCID: PMC8002932 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic optical tweezers with a symmetry-tunable potential well were investigated based on a heterogeneous model of nano-bowtie antennas made of different noble substances. The typical noble metals Au and Ag are considered as plasmonic supporters for excitation of hybrid plasmonic modes in bowtie dimers. It is proposed that the plasmonic optical trapping force around a quantum dot exhibits symmetry-broken characteristics and becomes increasingly asymmetrical with increasing applied laser electric field. Here, it is explained by the dominant plasmon hybridization of the heterogeneous Au-Ag dimer, in which the plasmon excitations can be inconsistently modified by tuning the applied laser electric field. In the spectrum regime, the wavelength-dependent plasmonic trapping potential exhibits a two-peak structure for the heterogeneous Au-Ag bowtie dimer compared to a single-peak trapping potential of the Au-Au bowtie dimer. In addition, we comprehensively investigated the influence of structural parameter variables on the plasmonic potential well generated from the heterogeneous noble nano-bowtie antenna with respect to the bowtie edge length, edge/tip rounding, bowtie gap, and nanosphere size. This work could be helpful in improving our understanding of wavelength and laser field tunable asymmetric nano-tweezers for flexible and non-uniform nano-trapping applications of particle-sorting, plasmon coloring, SERS imaging, and quantum dot lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (G.D.); (Y.L.); (D.L.); (X.H.)
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18
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Chen L, Liu W, Shen D, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Wan W. Label-free plasmonic assisted optical trapping of single DNA molecules. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1482-1485. [PMID: 33720217 DOI: 10.1364/ol.420957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA molecules are hard to catch using traditional optical trapping due to the nanometer width of their chains. Here we experimentally demonstrate a label-free optical trapping of a single micrometer λ-DNA in solution by the aid of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (GNPs), where a double-laser trap induces strong optical interparticle forces for the tweezer. We examine such sub-resolved interparticle forces by tracking the GNP dynamics in solution. Moreover, surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals of trapped λ-DNA have also been measured simultaneously in the same setup. In comparison with prior works, ours benefit from the excitation in a dynamic configuration without fabrication. This technique opens a new avenue for all-optical manipulation of biomolecules, as well as ultra-sensitive bio-medical sensing applications.
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19
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Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Irrera A. Biosensing platforms based on silicon nanostructures: A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1160:338393. [PMID: 33894957 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are revolutionizing the health-care systems worldwide, permitting to survey several diseases, even at their early stage, by using different biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and other biomarkers. However, these sensing approaches are still scarcely diffused outside the specialized medical and research facilities. Silicon is the undiscussed leader of the whole microelectronics industry, and novel sensors based on this material may completely change the health-care scenario. In this review, we will show how novel sensing platforms based on Si nanostructures may have a disruptive impact on applications with a real commercial transfer. A critical study for the main Si-based biosensors is herein presented with a comparison of their advantages and drawbacks. The most appealing sensing devices are discussed, starting from electronic transducers, with Si nanowires field-effect transistor (FET) and porous Si, to their optical alternatives, such as effective optical thickness porous silicon, photonic crystals, luminescent Si quantum dots, and finally luminescent Si NWs. All these sensors are investigated in terms of working principle, sensitivity, and selectivity with a specific focus on the possibility of their industrial transfer, and which ones may be preferred for a medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy; CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per La Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, Italy; CNR-IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria José Lo Faro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123, Catania, Italy; CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Istituto per La Microelettronica e Microsistemi, Via Santa Sofia 64, Italy
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per I Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158, Messina, Italy.
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20
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Lu D, Pedroni M, Labrador-Páez L, Marqués MI, Jaque D, Haro-González P. Nanojet Trapping of a Single Sub-10 nm Upconverting Nanoparticle in the Full Liquid Water Temperature Range. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006764. [PMID: 33502123 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been used as optical probes in a great variety of scenarios ranging from cells to animal models. When optically trapped, a single UCNP can be remotely manipulated making possible, for instance, thermal scanning in the surroundings of a living cell. When conventional optics is used, the stability of an optically trapped UCNP is very limited. Its reduced size leads to optical potentials comparable to thermal energy, and up to now, stable optical trapping of a UCNP has been demonstrated only close to room temperature. This fact limits their use above room temperature, for instance, the use to investigate protein denaturalization that occurs in the 40-50 °C range. In this work, stable optical trapping of a single UCNP in the 20-90 °C range has been demonstrated by using a photonic nanojet. The use of an optically trapped microsphere makes it possible to overcome the diffraction limit producing another optical trap of smaller size and enhanced strength. This simple strategy leads not only to an improvement in the thermal stability of the optical trap but also to an enhancement of the emission intensity generated by the optically trapped UCNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Lu
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Marco Pedroni
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lucía Labrador-Páez
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Manuel I Marqués
- Departamento de Física de Materiales and IFIMAC and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Patricia Haro-González
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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21
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Emile O, Emile J. Nanometer optical trap based on stimulated emission in evanescence of a totally reflected Arago spot : Nanometer optical trap for fluorescent nanoparticles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:68. [PMID: 33099687 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have paved the way towards the manipulation of particles and living cells at the micrometer range. Its extension towards the nanometer world may create unprecedented potentialities in many areas of science. Following a letter (O. Emile, J. Emile, H. Tabuteau, EPL 129, 58001 (2020)) that reported the observation of the trapping of a single 200nm diameter fluorescent particle in a nanometric volume, we detail here our experimental findings. In particular, the trapping mechanism is shown to be based on the radiation pressure of light in one direction and on the stimulated emission of the particle in the evanescent wave of a nanometer Arago spot on a glass/liquid interface on the other directions. The trapping volume is a 200nm height cylinder whose radius varies with the spreading of the evanescent wave near the spot and can reach 50nm. The calculation of the force and the parameters limiting the lifetime are detailed. Applications to laser trapping of atoms and molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Janine Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS IPR UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
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22
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Li Y, Rui G, Zhou S, Gu B, Yu Y, Cui Y, Zhan Q. Enantioselective optical trapping of chiral nanoparticles using a transverse optical needle field with a transverse spin. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27808-27822. [PMID: 32988066 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the fundamental building blocks of life are built of chiral amino acids and chiral sugar, enantiomer separation is of great interest in plenty of chemical syntheses. Light-chiral material interaction leads to a unique chiral optical force, which possesses opposite directions for specimens with different handedness. However, usually the enantioselective sorting is challenging in optical tweezers due to the dominating achiral force. In this work, we propose an optical technique to sort chiral specimens by use of a transverse optical needle field with a transverse spin (TONFTS), which is constructed through reversing the radiation patterns from an array of paired orthogonal electric dipoles located in the focal plane of a 4Pi microscopy and experimentally generated with a home-built vectorial optical field generator. It is demonstrated that the transverse component of the photonic spin gives rise to the chiral optical force perpendicular to the direction of the light's propagation, while the transverse achiral gradient force would be dramatically diminished by the uniform intensity profile of the optical needle field. Consequently, chiral nanoparticles with different handedness would be laterally sorted by the TONFTS and trapped at different locations along the optical needle field, providing a feasible route toward all-optical enantiopure chemical syntheses and enantiomer separations in pharmaceuticals.
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23
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Xin H, Li Y, Liu YC, Zhang Y, Xiao YF, Li B. Optical Forces: From Fundamental to Biological Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001994. [PMID: 32715536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical forces, generally arising from changes of field gradients or linear momentum carried by photons, form the basis for optical trapping and manipulation. Advances in optical forces help to reveal the nature of light-matter interactions, giving answers to a wide range of questions and solving problems across various disciplines, and are still yielding new insights in many exciting sciences, particularly in the fields of biological technology, material applications, and quantum sciences. This review focuses on recent advances in optical forces, ranging from fundamentals to applications for biological exploration. First, the basics of different types of optical forces with new light-matter interaction mechanisms and near-field techniques for optical force generation beyond the diffraction limit with nanometer accuracy are described. Optical forces for biological applications from in vitro to in vivo are then reviewed. Applications from individual manipulation to multiple assembly into functional biophotonic probes and soft-matter superstructures are discussed. At the end future directions for application of optical forces for biological exploration are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yong-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
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24
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Kotsifaki DG, Truong VG, Chormaic SN. Fano-Resonant, Asymmetric, Metamaterial-Assisted Tweezers for Single Nanoparticle Trapping. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3388-3395. [PMID: 32275440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanostructures overcome Abbe's diffraction limit to create strong gradient electric fields, enabling efficient optical trapping of nanoparticles. However, it remains challenging to achieve stable trapping with low incident laser intensity. Here, we demonstrate Fano resonance-assisted plasmonic optical tweezers for single nanoparticle trapping in an array of asymmetrical split nanoapertures on a 50 nm gold thin film. A large normalized trap stiffness of 8.65 fN/nm/mW for 20 nm polystyrene particles at a near-resonance trapping wavelength of 930 nm was achieved. The trap stiffness on-resonance is enhanced by a factor of 63 compared to that of off-resonance due to the ultrasmall mode volume, enabling large near-field strengths and a cavity effect contribution. These results facilitate trapping with low incident laser intensity, thereby providing new options for studying transition paths of single molecules such as proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domna G Kotsifaki
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Viet Giang Truong
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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25
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Optical Trapping and Manipulating with a Silica Microring Resonator in a Self-Locked Scheme. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020202. [PMID: 32075346 PMCID: PMC7074748 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the gradient force of evanescent waves in silica waveguides and add-drop micro-ring resonators, the optical trapping and manipulation of micro size particles is demonstrated in a self-locked scheme that maintains the on-resonance system even if there is a change in the ambient temperature or environment. The proposed configuration allows the trapping of particles in the high Q resonator without the need for a precise wavelength adjustment of the input signal. On the one hand, a silicon dioxide waveguide having a lower refractive index and relatively larger dimensions facilitates the coupling of the laser with a single-mode fiber. Furthermore, the experimental design of the self-locked scheme reduces the sensitivity of the ring to the environment. This combination can trap the micro size particles with a high stability while manipulating them with high accuracy.
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26
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Yazbeck R, Alibakhshi MA, Von Schoppe J, Ekinci KL, Duan C. Characterization and manipulation of single nanoparticles using a nanopore-based electrokinetic tweezer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:22924-22931. [PMID: 31763666 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr08476b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and characterization of nanoscale objects through electrokinetic techniques offer numerous advantages compared to the existing optical methods and hold great potential for both fundamental research and practical applications. Here we present a novel electrokinetic tweezer for single nanoparticle manipulation and characterization based on electrokinetic trapping near a low-aspect-ratio nanopore. We find that this nanopore-based electrokinetic tweezer share lots of similarity with optical tweezers and can be modeled as an overdamped harmonic oscillator, with the spring constant of the system being the trap stiffness. We show that different values of ionic currents through the nanopore and trap stiffnesses are achieved when trapping nanoparticles with different sizes (down to 100 nm) and/or zeta potentials. We also demonstrate that the trap stiffness and nanoparticle position can be easily tuned by changing the applied voltage and buffer concentration. We envision that further development of this electrokinetic tweezer will enable various advanced tools for nanophotonics, drug delivery, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Yazbeck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | | | - Joseph Von Schoppe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | - Kamil L Ekinci
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
| | - Chuanhua Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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27
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Zhu J, Goddard LL. All-dielectric concentration of electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale: the role of photonic nanojets. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4615-4643. [PMID: 36133120 PMCID: PMC9419186 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photonic nanojet (PNJ) is a narrow high-energy beam that was originally found on the back side of all-dielectric spherical structures. It is a unique type of energy concentration mode. The field of PNJs has experienced rapid growth in the past decade: nonspherical and even pixelized PNJ generators based on new physics and principles along with extended photonic applications from linear optics to nonlinear optics have driven the re-evaluation of the role of PNJs in optics and photonics. In this article, we give a comprehensive review for the emerging sub-topics in the past decade with a focus on two specific areas: (1) PNJ generators based on natural materials, artificial materials and nanostructures, and even programmable systems instead of conventional dielectric geometries such as microspheres, cubes, and trihedral prisms, and (2) the emerging novel applications in both linear and nonlinear optics that are built upon the specific features of PNJs. The extraordinary features of PNJs including subwavelength concentration of electromagnetic energy, high intensity focusing spot, and lower Joule heating as compared to plasmonic resonance systems, have made PNJs attractive to diverse fields spanning from optical imaging, nanofabrication, and integrated photonics to biosensing, optical tweezers, and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhu
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 208 N. Wright St., MNTL 2231 Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Lynford L Goddard
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 208 N. Wright St., MNTL 2231 Urbana IL 61801 USA
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28
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Qiao Q, Peng C, Xia J, Lee C, Zhou G. Ultra-small photonic crystal (PhC)-based test tool for gas permeability of polymers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:35600-35608. [PMID: 31878729 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.035600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an ultra-small photonic crystal-based test tool for gas permeability of polymers. It features a fully-etched photonic crystal (PhC) structure occupying an area of 20 µm × 800 µm on silicon-on-insulator wafer. The light-matter interaction in the PhC cavity with deformed Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) under pressure difference was investigated with finite element method and finite-difference time-domain method numerically. Next, three PDMS membranes of different mixing ratios were utilized for the characterization of gas permeation flux. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed working mechanism are verified through clearly distinguishing the gas permeability of these three testing samples. Compared with conventional test tools, this proposed test tool has fast response while it consumes less testing gas volume in a testing system with reduced footprint. Potentially, it can be integrated into lab-on-a-chip devices to measure gas permeation in nano scale.
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29
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Badman RP, Ye F, Wang MD. Towards biological applications of nanophotonic tweezers. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 53:158-166. [PMID: 31678712 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping (synonymous with optical tweezers) has become a core biophysical technique widely used for interrogating fundamental biological processes on size scales ranging from the single-molecule to the cellular level. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of 'nanophotonic tweezers,' an exciting new class of 'on-chip' optical traps. Here, we describe how nanophotonic tweezers are making optical trap technology more broadly accessible and bringing unique biosensing and manipulation capabilities to biological applications of optical trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Badman
- Department of Physics & LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Physics & LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michelle D Wang
- Department of Physics & LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Abbasi MM, Darbari S, Moravvej-Farshi MK. Tunable plasmonic force switch based on graphene nano-ring resonator for nanomanipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26648-26660. [PMID: 31674541 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using a plasmonic graphene ring resonator of resonant frequency 10.38 THz coupled to a plasmonic graphene waveguide, we design a lab-on-a-chip optophoresis system that can function as an efficient plasmonic force switch. Finite difference time domain numerical simulations reveal that an appropriate choice of chemical potentials of the waveguide and ring resonator keeps the proposed structure in on-resonance condition, enabling the system to selectively trap a nanoparticle. Moreover, a change of 250 meV in the ring chemical potential (i.e., equivalent to 2.029 V change in the corresponding applied bias) switches the structure to a nearly perfect off-resonance condition, releasing the trapped particle. The equivalent plasmonic switch ON/OFF ratio at the waveguide output is -15.519 dB. The designed system has the capability of trapping, sorting, controlling, and separating PS nanoparticles of diameters ≥30 nm with a THz source intensity of 14.78 mW/µm2 and ≥22 nm with 29.33 mW/µm2.
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31
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Plasmonic Tweezers towards Biomolecular and Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9173596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With the capability of confining light into subwavelength scale, plasmonic tweezers have been used to trap and manipulate nanoscale particles. It has huge potential to be utilized in biomolecular research and practical biomedical applications. In this short review, plasmonic tweezers based on nano-aperture designs are discussed. A few challenges should be overcome for these plasmonic tweezers to reach a similar level of significance as the conventional optical tweezers.
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32
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Badman RP, Ye F, Caravan W, Wang MD. High Trap Stiffness Microcylinders for Nanophotonic Trapping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25074-25080. [PMID: 31274286 PMCID: PMC6946062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanophotonic waveguides have enabled on-chip optical trap arrays for high-throughput manipulation and measurements. However, the realization of the full potential of these devices requires trapping enhancement for applications that need large trapping force. Here, we demonstrate a solution via fabrication of high refractive index cylindrical trapping particles. Using two different fabrication processes, a cleaving method and a novel lift-off method, we produced cylindrical silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles and characterized their trapping properties using the recently developed nanophotonic standing-wave array trap (nSWAT) platform. Relative to conventionally used polystyrene microspheres, the fabricated Si3N4 microcylinders attain an approximately 3- to 6-fold trap stiffness enhancement. Furthermore, both fabrication processes permit tunable microcylinder geometry, and the lift-off method also results in ultrasmooth surface termination of the ends of the microcylinders. These combined features make the Si3N4 microcylinders uniquely suited for a broad range of high-throughput, high-force, nanophotonic waveguide-based optical trapping applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Badman
- Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Fan Ye
- Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530
| | - Michelle D. Wang
- Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- corresponding author:
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33
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Li Y, Liu X, Li B. Single-cell biomagnifier for optical nanoscopes and nanotweezers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:61. [PMID: 31645911 PMCID: PMC6804537 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopes and optical tweezers, which were invented to image and manipulate microscale objects, have revolutionized cellular and molecular biology. However, the optical resolution is hampered by the diffraction limit; thus, optical microscopes and optical tweezers cannot be directly used to image and manipulate nano-objects. The emerging plasmonic/photonic nanoscopes and nanotweezers can achieve nanometer resolution, but the high-index material structures will easily cause mechanical and photothermal damage to biospecimens. Here, we demonstrate subdiffraction-limit imaging and manipulation of nano-objects by a noninvasive device that was constructed by trapping a cell on a fiber tip. The trapped cell, acting as a biomagnifier, could magnify nanostructures with a resolution of 100 nm (λ/5.5) under white-light microscopy. The focus of the biomagnifier formed a nano-optical trap that allowed precise manipulation of an individual nanoparticle with a radius of 50 nm. This biomagnifier provides a high-precision tool for optical imaging, sensing, and assembly of bionanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
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Xu W, Wang Y, Jiao W, Wang F, Xu X, Jiang M, Ho HP, Wang G. Tunable optofluidic sorting and manipulation on micro-ring resonators from a statistics perspective. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3226-3229. [PMID: 31259927 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on the optical trapping force of an evanescent wave at a micro-ring resonator alongside a waveguide, we propose a tunable optofluidic sorting unit for micro-nanoparticles by localized thermal phase tuning. With the tuning of field build-up factor of resonator, the depth of trapping potential well and the size of trapped particle are adjustable. Furthermore, by considering the Brownian motion of trapped particles from a statistics perspective, we verify the critical trapping threshold of a potential well, which is usually assumed to be 1kBT. The threshold depends not only on the optical power and particle size, but also on the length of the coupling region. Compared with a wavelength tuning mechanism, localized thermal tuning enables large-scale integration of many independent tunable resonators. As a demonstration, we propose a set of operations with three resonators for nanoparticle manipulation, including sorting, storing, and mixing. Our proposed function units are of great importance for on-chip large-scale integration of optofluidic systems.
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Xu Z, Crozier KB. All-dielectric nanotweezers for trapping and observation of a single quantum dot. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4034-4045. [PMID: 30876026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the optical trapping of a single streptavidin-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dot whose overall diameter is around 15-20 nm, in a microfluidic chamber by an all-dielectric (silicon) nanotweezer with negligible local heating. The use of fluorescence microscopy allows us to readily observe trapping events, tracking the fluorescence emission from, and the position of, each individual trapped quantum dot as a function of time. The blinking behavior of the quantum dots is observed during the trapping process, that is, in the near field region of the silicon nanoantenna. We furthermore show that the continuous wave infrared laser employed to trap the quantum dots can also excite photoluminescence from them via two-photon absorption. We present Maxwell stress tensor simulations of optical forces applied to a single quantum dot in the nanoantenna's vicinity. This work demonstrates that all-dielectric nanotweezers are a promising means to handle quantum dots in solution, enabling them to be localized for observations over extended periods of time.
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Choudhary D, Mossa A, Jadhav M, Cecconi C. Bio-Molecular Applications of Recent Developments in Optical Tweezers. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E23. [PMID: 30641944 PMCID: PMC6359149 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, the ability to optically manipulate biomolecules has spurred a new era of medical and biophysical research. Optical tweezers (OT) have enabled experimenters to trap, sort, and probe cells, as well as discern the structural dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids at single molecule level. The steady improvement in OT's resolving power has progressively pushed the envelope of their applications; there are, however, some inherent limitations that are prompting researchers to look for alternatives to the conventional techniques. To begin with, OT are restricted by their one-dimensional approach, which makes it difficult to conjure an exhaustive three-dimensional picture of biological systems. The high-intensity trapping laser can damage biological samples, a fact that restricts the feasibility of in vivo applications. Finally, direct manipulation of biological matter at nanometer scale remains a significant challenge for conventional OT. A significant amount of literature has been dedicated in the last 10 years to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Innovations in laser technology and advances in various other spheres of applied physics have been capitalized upon to evolve the next generation OT systems. In this review, we elucidate a few of these developments, with particular focus on their biological applications. The manipulation of nanoscopic objects has been achieved by means of plasmonic optical tweezers (POT), which utilize localized surface plasmons to generate optical traps with enhanced trapping potential, and photonic crystal optical tweezers (PhC OT), which attain the same goal by employing different photonic crystal geometries. Femtosecond optical tweezers (fs OT), constructed by replacing the continuous wave (cw) laser source with a femtosecond laser, promise to greatly reduce the damage to living samples. Finally, one way to transcend the one-dimensional nature of the data gained by OT is to couple them to the other large family of single molecule tools, i.e., fluorescence-based imaging techniques. We discuss the distinct advantages of the aforementioned techniques as well as the alternative experimental perspective they provide in comparison to conventional OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhawal Choudhary
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- Center S3, CNR Institute Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mossa
- Istituto Statale di Istruzione Superiore "Leonardo da Vinci", Via del Terzolle 91, 50127 Firenze, Italy.
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, Via Giovanni Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Milind Jadhav
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Ciro Cecconi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
- Center S3, CNR Institute Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Subramanian S, Wu HY, Constant T, Xavier J, Vollmer F. Label-Free Optical Single-Molecule Micro- and Nanosensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801246. [PMID: 30073717 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Label-free optical sensor systems have emerged that exhibit extraordinary sensitivity for detecting physical, chemical, and biological entities at the micro/nanoscale. Particularly exciting is the detection and analysis of molecules, on miniature optical devices that have many possible applications in health, environment, and security. These micro- and nanosensors have now reached a sensitivity level that allows for the detection and analysis of even single molecules. Their small size enables an exceedingly high sensitivity, and the application of quantum optical measurement techniques can allow the classical limits of detection to be approached or surpassed. The new class of label-free micro- and nanosensors allows dynamic processes at the single-molecule level to be observed directly with light. By virtue of their small interaction length, these micro- and nanosensors probe light-matter interactions over a dynamic range often inaccessible by other optical techniques. For researchers entering this rapidly advancing field of single-molecule micro- and nanosensors, there is an urgent need for a timely review that covers the most recent developments and that identifies the most exciting opportunities. The focus here is to provide a summary of the recent techniques that have either demonstrated label-free single-molecule detection or claim single-molecule sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraman Subramanian
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Hsin-Yu Wu
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Tom Constant
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jolly Xavier
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Living Systems Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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38
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Qiao Q, Xia J, Lee C, Zhou G. Applications of Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9110541. [PMID: 30715040 PMCID: PMC6267459 DOI: 10.3390/mi9110541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in optical sensors based on microcavities due to their advantages of size reduction and enhanced sensing capability. In this paper, we aim to give a comprehensive review of the field of photonic crystal nanobeam cavity-based sensors. The sensing principles and development of applications, such as refractive index sensing, nanoparticle sensing, optomechanical sensing, and temperature sensing, are summarized and highlighted. From the studies reported, it is demonstrated that photonic crystal nanobeam cavities, which provide excellent light confinement capability, ultra-small size, flexible on-chip design, and easy integration, offer promising platforms for a range of sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore.
| | - Ji Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore.
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore.
| | - Guangya Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117579, Singapore.
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore.
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39
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Xiao F, Ren Y, Shang W, Zhu W, Han L, Lu H, Mei T, Premaratne M, Zhao J. Sub-10 nm particle trapping enabled by a plasmonic dark mode. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3413-3416. [PMID: 30004530 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that a highly localized plasmonic dark mode with radial symmetry, termed quadrupole-bonded radial breathing mode, can be used for optically trapping the dielectric nanoparticles. In particular, the annular potential well produced by this dark mode shows a sufficiently large depth to stably trap the 5 nm particles under a relatively low optical power. Our results address the quest for precisely trapping sub-10 nm particles with high yield and pave the way for placing sub-10 nm particles conforming to a specific geometric pattern.
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40
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Paiè P, Zandrini T, Vázquez RM, Osellame R, Bragheri F. Particle Manipulation by Optical Forces in Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E200. [PMID: 30424133 PMCID: PMC6187572 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Ashkin and coworkers, back in 1970, optical manipulation gained an increasing interest among the scientific community. Indeed, the advantages and the possibilities of this technique are unsubtle, allowing for the manipulation of small particles with a broad spectrum of dimensions (nanometers to micrometers size), with no physical contact and without affecting the sample viability. Thus, optical manipulation rapidly found a large set of applications in different fields, such as cell biology, biophysics, and genetics. Moreover, large benefits followed the combination of optical manipulation and microfluidic channels, adding to optical manipulation the advantages of microfluidics, such as a continuous sample replacement and therefore high throughput and automatic sample processing. In this work, we will discuss the state of the art of these optofluidic devices, where optical manipulation is used in combination with microfluidic devices. We will distinguish on the optical method implemented and three main categories will be presented and explored: (i) a single highly focused beam used to manipulate the sample, (ii) one or more diverging beams imping on the sample, or (iii) evanescent wave based manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paiè
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
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41
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Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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42
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Zhang W, Serna S, Le Roux X, Vivien L, Cassan E. Silicon nanobeam cavity for ultra-localized light-matter interaction. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3323-3326. [PMID: 28957095 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate an unusual air mode silicon nanobeam cavity design with dielectric mirrors. This design combines an extremely strong localization of light-matter interaction in the cavity center and a reduced sensitivity of the resonator wavelength to temperature or top cladding material refractive index variations. The proposed approach allows accurate control of the resonator cavity quality factor combined with flexible choice of the cavity effective mode volume. Q-factors higher than 50,000 have been determined for such cavities and mode volumes smaller than (λ/n)3 were achieved in the investigated configurations. Such a cavity design provides a robust approach to study the hybrid integration of various active materials in the silicon platform, including carbon nanotubes, III-V nanowires, graphene, etc., for light emission, modulation, or detection.
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43
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Ozcelik D, Cai H, Leake KD, Hawkins AR, Schmidt H. Optofluidic bioanalysis: fundamentals and applications. NANOPHOTONICS 2017; 6:647-661. [PMID: 29201591 PMCID: PMC5708574 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, optofluidics has established itself as a new and dynamic research field for exciting developments at the interface of photonics, microfluidics, and the life sciences. The strong desire for developing miniaturized bioanalytic devices and instruments, in particular, has led to novel and powerful approaches to integrating optical elements and biological fluids on the same chip-scale system. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in optofluidic research with emphasis on applications in bioanalysis and a focus on waveguide-based approaches that represent the most advanced level of integration between optics and fluidics. We discuss recent work in photonically reconfigurable devices and various application areas. We show how optofluidic approaches have been pushing the performance limits in bioanalysis, e.g. in terms of sensitivity and portability, satisfying many of the key requirements for point-of-care devices. This illustrates how the requirements for bianalysis instruments are increasingly being met by the symbiotic integration of novel photonic capabilities in a miniaturized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Ozcelik
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hong Cai
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kaelyn D. Leake
- School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- ECEn Department, 459 Clyde Building, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Corresponding author: Holger Schmidt, School of Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA,
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44
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Optical trapping-assisted SERS platform for chemical and biosensing applications: Design perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Baker JE, Badman RP, Wang MD. Nanophotonic trapping: precise manipulation and measurement of biomolecular arrays. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [PMID: 28439980 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optical trapping is a powerful and widely used laboratory technique in the biological and materials sciences that enables rapid manipulation and measurement at the nanometer scale. However, expanding the analytical throughput of this technique beyond the serial capabilities of established single-trap microscope-based optical tweezers remains a current goal in the field. In recent years, advances in nanotechnology have been leveraged to create innovative optical trapping methods that increase the number of available optical traps and permit parallel manipulation and measurement of arrays of optically trapped targets. In particular, nanophotonic trapping holds significant promise for integration with other lab-on-a-chip technologies to yield compact, robust analytical devices. In this review, we highlight progress in nanophotonic manipulation and measurement, as well as the potential for implementing these on-chip functionalities in biological research and biomedical applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1477. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1477 This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Baker
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ryan P Badman
- Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michelle D Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Physics - LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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46
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Conteduca D, Dell'Olio F, Krauss TF, Ciminelli C. Photonic and Plasmonic Nanotweezing of Nano- and Microscale Particles. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:367-390. [PMID: 28287314 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816684839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate and sense biological molecules is important in many life science domains, such as single-molecule biophysics, the development of new drugs and cancer detection. Although the manipulation of biological matter at the nanoscale continues to be a challenge, several types of nanotweezers based on different technologies have recently been demonstrated to address this challenge. In particular, photonic and plasmonic nanotweezers are attracting a strong research effort especially because they are efficient and stable, they offer fast response time, and avoid any direct physical contact with the target object to be trapped, thus preventing its disruption or damage. In this paper, we critically review photonic and plasmonic resonant technologies for biomolecule trapping, manipulation, and sensing at the nanoscale, with a special emphasis on hybrid photonic/plasmonic nanodevices allowing a very strong light-matter interaction. The state-of-the-art of competing technologies, e.g., electronic, magnetic, acoustic and carbon nanotube-based nanotweezers, and a description of their applications are also included.
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Rodríguez-Sevilla P, Labrador-Páez L, Jaque D, Haro-González P. Optical trapping for biosensing: materials and applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9085-9101. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01921a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical trapping has been evidence as a very powerful tool for the manipulation and study of biological entities. This review explains the main concepts regarding the use of optical trapping for biosensing, focusing its attention to those applications involving the manipulation of particles which are used as handles, force transducers and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - L. Labrador-Páez
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - D. Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - P. Haro-González
- Fluorescence Imaging Group
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Madrid
- Spain
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Towards nano-optical tweezers with graphene plasmons: Numerical investigation of trapping 10-nm particles with mid-infrared light. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38086. [PMID: 27905527 PMCID: PMC5131484 DOI: 10.1038/srep38086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene plasmons are rapidly emerging as a versatile platform for manipulating light at the deep subwavelength scale. Here we show numerically that strong optical near-field forces can be generated under the illumination of mid-IR light when dielectric nanoparticles are located in the vicinity of a nanostructured graphene film. These near-field forces are attributed to the excitation of the graphene’s plasmonic mode. The optical forces can generate an efficient optical trapping potential for a 10-nm-diameter dielectric particle when the light intensity is only about about 4.4 mW/μm2 and provide possibilities for a new type of plasmonic nano-tweezers. Graphene plasmonic tweezers can be potentially exploited for optical manipulation of nanometric biomolecules and particles. Moreover, the optical trapping/tweezing can be combined with biosensing and provide a versatile platform for studing biology and chemistry with mid-IR light.
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Li YC, Xin HB, Lei HX, Liu LL, Li YZ, Zhang Y, Li BJ. Manipulation and detection of single nanoparticles and biomolecules by a photonic nanojet. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16176. [PMID: 30167133 PMCID: PMC6059890 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical methods to manipulate and detect nanoscale objects are highly desired in both nanomaterials and molecular biology fields. Optical tweezers have been used to manipulate objects that range in size from a few hundred nanometres to several micrometres. The emergence of near-field methods that overcome the diffraction limit has enabled the manipulation of objects below 100 nm. A highly free manipulation with signal-enhanced real-time detection, however, remains a challenge for single sub-100-nm nanoparticles or biomolecules. Here we show an approach that uses a photonic nanojet to perform the manipulation and detection of single sub-100-nm objects. With the photonic nanojet generated by a dielectric microlens bound to an optical fibre probe, three-dimensional manipulations were achieved for a single 85-nm fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticle as well as for a plasmid DNA molecule. Backscattering and fluorescent signals were detected with the enhancement factors up to ∼103 and ∼30, respectively. The demonstrated approach provides a potentially powerful tool for nanostructure assembly, biosensing and single-biomolecule studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chao Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hong-Bao Xin
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lin-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan-Ze Li
- National Engineering Research Centre for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Bao-Jun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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Cui W, Song F, Song F, Ju D, Liu S. Trapping metallic particles under resonant wavelength with 4π tight focusing of radially polarized beam. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20062-20068. [PMID: 27607615 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a new method for trapping the resonant metallic particles with the 4π tight focusing (high numerical-aperture (NA)) system, which is illuminated by radial polarization light. Numerical simulations have indicated the maximum total optical force is 16.1pN while with nearly zero scattering force under axis trapping, which keeps the gradient force predominant. Furthermore, the distribution of total force is centrosymmetric and odd. We also gain stable 3D trap with an equilibrium point along z axis and r axis as in normal optical tweezers. What's more, we obtain the nearly pure longitudinal field. The maximum transverse intensity is only 2.3 × 10-3 and the transverse spot size reaches 0.36λ, which is below Abbe's diffraction limit.
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