1
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Hudson RJ, MacDonald TSC, Cole JH, Schmidt TW, Smith TA, McCamey DR. A framework for multiexcitonic logic. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y. [PMID: 38273177 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Exciton science sits at the intersection of chemical, optical and spin-based implementations of information processing, but using excitons to conduct logical operations remains relatively unexplored. Excitons encoding information could be read optically (photoexcitation-photoemission) or electrically (charge recombination-separation), travel through materials via exciton energy transfer, and interact with one another in stimuli-responsive molecular excitonic devices. Excitonic logic offers the potential to mediate electrical, optical and chemical information. Additionally, high-spin triplet and quintet (multi)excitons offer access to well defined spin states of relevance to magnetic field effects, classical spintronics and spin-based quantum information science. In this Roadmap, we propose a framework for developing excitonic computing based on singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA). Various molecular components capable of modulating SF/TTA for logical operations are suggested, including molecular photo-switching and multi-colour photoexcitation. We then outline a pathway for constructing excitonic logic devices, considering aspects of circuit assembly, logical operation synchronization, and exciton transport and amplification. Promising future directions and challenges are identified, and the potential for realizing excitonic computing in the near future is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Thomas S C MacDonald
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jared H Cole
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science
| | - Dane R McCamey
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, .
- School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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2
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Mathur D, Díaz SA, Hildebrandt N, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Biaggne A, Li L, Melinger JS, Ancona MG, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL. Pursuing excitonic energy transfer with programmable DNA-based optical breadboards. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7848-7948. [PMID: 37872857 PMCID: PMC10642627 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00936a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has now enabled the self-assembly of almost any prescribed 3-dimensional nanoscale structure in large numbers and with high fidelity. These structures are also amenable to site-specific modification with a variety of small molecules ranging from drugs to reporter dyes. Beyond obvious application in biotechnology, such DNA structures are being pursued as programmable nanoscale optical breadboards where multiple different/identical fluorophores can be positioned with sub-nanometer resolution in a manner designed to allow them to engage in multistep excitonic energy-transfer (ET) via Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) or other related processes. Not only is the ability to create such complex optical structures unique, more importantly, the ability to rapidly redesign and prototype almost all structural and optical analogues in a massively parallel format allows for deep insight into the underlying photophysical processes. Dynamic DNA structures further provide the unparalleled capability to reconfigure a DNA scaffold on the fly in situ and thus switch between ET pathways within a given assembly, actively change its properties, and even repeatedly toggle between two states such as on/off. Here, we review progress in developing these composite materials for potential applications that include artificial light harvesting, smart sensors, nanoactuators, optical barcoding, bioprobes, cryptography, computing, charge conversion, and theranostics to even new forms of optical data storage. Along with an introduction into the DNA scaffolding itself, the diverse fluorophores utilized in these structures, their incorporation chemistry, and the photophysical processes they are designed to exploit, we highlight the evolution of DNA architectures implemented in the pursuit of increased transfer efficiency and the key lessons about ET learned from each iteration. We also focus on recent and growing efforts to exploit DNA as a scaffold for assembling molecular dye aggregates that host delocalized excitons as a test bed for creating excitonic circuits and accessing other quantum-like optical phenomena. We conclude with an outlook on what is still required to transition these materials from a research pursuit to application specific prototypes and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divita Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
| | - Sebastián A Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA
| | - Joseph S Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Mario G Ancona
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6800, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, USA.
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3
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Wright N, Huff JS, Barclay MS, Wilson CK, Barcenas G, Duncan KM, Ketteridge M, Obukhova OM, Krivoshey AI, Tatarets AL, Terpetschnig EA, Dean JC, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Li L, Mass OA, Davis PH, Lee J, Turner DB, Pensack RD. Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay in DNA-Tethered Asymmetric Nitro- and Dimethylamino-Substituted Squaraines. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1141-1157. [PMID: 36705555 PMCID: PMC9923757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular (dye) aggregates are a materials platform of interest in light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing, including quantum information science (QIS). Strong excitonic interactions between dyes are key to their use in QIS; critically, properties of the individual dyes govern the extent of these interactions. In this work, the electronic structure and excited-state dynamics of a series of indolenine-based squaraine dyes incorporating dimethylamino (electron donating) and/or nitro (electron withdrawing) substituents, so-called asymmetric dyes, were characterized. The dyes were covalently tethered to DNA Holliday junctions to suppress aggregation and permit characterization of their monomer photophysics. A combination of density functional theory and steady-state absorption spectroscopy shows that the difference static dipole moment (Δd) successively increases with the addition of these substituents while simultaneously maintaining a large transition dipole moment (μ). Steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies uncover a significant nonradiative decay pathway in the asymmetrically substituted dyes that drastically reduces their excited-state lifetime (τ). This work indicates that Δd can indeed be increased by functionalizing dyes with electron donating and withdrawing substituents and that, in certain classes of dyes such as these asymmetric squaraines, strategies may be needed to ensure long τ, e.g., by rigidifying the π-conjugated network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
D. Wright
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew S. Barclay
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - German Barcenas
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Katelyn M. Duncan
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Maia Ketteridge
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Olena M. Obukhova
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Alexander I. Krivoshey
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | | | - Jacob C. Dean
- Department
of Physical Science, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah 84720, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lan Li
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States,Center
for
Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Olga A. Mass
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States,Center
for
Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- †Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, ⊥Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, ○Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States,
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4
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Mass OA, Basu S, Patten LK, Terpetschnig EA, Krivoshey AI, Tatarets AL, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Lee J. Exciton Chirality Inversion in Dye Dimers Templated by DNA Holliday Junction. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10688-10696. [PMID: 36355575 PMCID: PMC9706552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While only one enantiomer of chiral biomolecules performs a biological function, access to both enantiomers (or enantiomorphs) proved to be advantageous for technology. Using dye covalent attachment to a DNA Holliday junction (HJ), we created two pairs of dimers of bis(chloroindolenine)squaraine dye that enabled strongly coupled molecular excitons of opposite chirality in solution. The exciton chirality inversion was achieved by interchanging single covalent linkers of unequal length tethering the dyes of each dimer to the HJ core. Dimers in each pair exhibited profound exciton-coupled circular dichroism (CD) couplets of opposite signs. Dimer geometries, modeled by simultaneous fitting absorption and CD spectra, were related in each pair as nonsuperimposable and nearly exact mirror images. The origin of observed exciton chirality inversion was explained in the view of isomerization of the stacked Holliday junction. This study will open new opportunities for creating excitonic DNA-based materials that rely on programmable system chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Mass
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Shibani Basu
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lance K. Patten
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ewald A. Terpetschnig
- SETA
BioMedicals, LLC, 2014
Silver Court East, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United
States
| | - Alexander I. Krivoshey
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- SSI
“Institute for Single Crystals” of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61072 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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5
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Huff J, Díaz S, Barclay MS, Chowdhury AU, Chiriboga M, Ellis GA, Mathur D, Patten LK, Roy SK, Sup A, Biaggne A, Rolczynski BS, Cunningham PD, Li L, Lee J, Davis PH, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL, Turner DB, Melinger JS, Pensack RD. Tunable Electronic Structure via DNA-Templated Heteroaggregates of Two Distinct Cyanine Dyes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:17164-17175. [PMID: 36268205 PMCID: PMC9575151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitons are useful for applications in light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing. Electronic energy transfer (EET) is a process central to the function of devices based on molecular excitons. Achieving EET with a high quantum efficiency is a common obstacle to excitonic devices, often owing to the lack of donor and acceptor molecules that exhibit favorable spectral overlap. EET quantum efficiencies may be substantially improved through the use of heteroaggregates-aggregates of chemically distinct dyes-rather than individual dyes as energy relay units. However, controlling the assembly of heteroaggregates remains a significant challenge. Here, we use DNA Holliday junctions to assemble homo- and heterotetramer aggregates of the prototypical cyanine dyes Cy5 and Cy5.5. In addition to permitting control over the number of dyes within an aggregate, DNA-templated assembly confers control over aggregate composition, i.e., the ratio of constituent Cy5 and Cy5.5 dyes. By varying the ratio of Cy5 and Cy5.5, we show that the most intense absorption feature of the resulting tetramer can be shifted in energy over a range of almost 200 meV (1600 cm-1). All tetramers pack in the form of H-aggregates and exhibit quenched emission and drastically reduced excited-state lifetimes compared to the monomeric dyes. We apply a purely electronic exciton theory model to describe the observed progression of the absorption spectra. This model agrees with both the measured data and a more sophisticated vibronic model of the absorption and circular dichroism spectra, indicating that Cy5 and Cy5.5 heteroaggregates are largely described by molecular exciton theory. Finally, we extend the purely electronic exciton model to describe an idealized J-aggregate based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and discuss the potential advantages of such a device over traditional FRET relays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
S. Huff
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Sebastián
A. Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Matthew S. Barclay
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Azhad U. Chowdhury
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew Chiriboga
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
- Volgenau
School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
- College
of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Lance K. Patten
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Simon K. Roy
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Aaron Sup
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Austin Biaggne
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Brian S. Rolczynski
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Paul D. Cunningham
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Lan Li
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science
and Engineering Code 6900, Electronics Science and
Technology Division Code 6800, U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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6
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Biaggne A, Kim YC, Melinger JS, Knowlton WB, Yurke B, Li L. Molecular dynamics simulations of cyanine dimers attached to DNA Holliday junctions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28063-28078. [PMID: 36320263 PMCID: PMC9530999 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye aggregates and their excitonic properties are of interest for their applications to organic photovoltaics, non-linear optics, and quantum information systems. DNA scaffolding has been shown to be effective at promoting the aggregation of dyes in a controllable manner. Specifically, isolated DNA Holliday junctions have been used to achieve strongly coupled cyanine dye dimers. However, the structural properties of the dimers and the DNA, as well as the role of Holliday junction isomerization are not fully understood. To study the dynamics of cyanine dimers in DNA, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for adjacent and transverse dimers attached to Holliday junctions in two different isomers. It was found that dyes attached to adjacent strands in the junction exhibit stronger dye-DNA interactions and larger inter-dye separations compared to transversely attached dimers, as well as end-to-end arrangements. Transverse dimers exhibit lower inter-dye separations and more stacked configurations. Furthermore, differences in Holliday junction isomer are analyzed and compared to dye orientations. For transverse dyes exhibiting the smaller inter-dye separations, excitonic couplings were calculated and shown to be in agreement with experiment. Our results suggested that dye attachment locations on DNA Holliday junctions affect dye-DNA interactions, dye dynamics, and resultant dye orientations which can guide the design of DNA-templated cyanine dimers with desired properties. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal dye attachment and DNA Holliday junction isomer effects on dye dimer orientations and excitonic couplings. These simulations can guide synthesis and experiments of dye-DNA structures for excitonic applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Biaggne
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA
| | - Young C. Kim
- Materials Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - Joseph. S. Melinger
- Electronics Science and Technology Division, U.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDC20375USA
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA
| | - Lan Li
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA,Center for Advanced Energy StudiesIdaho FallsID 83401USA
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7
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Basu S, Cervantes-Salguero K, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Lee J, Mass OA. Photocrosslinking Probes Proximity of Thymine Modifiers Tethering Excitonically Coupled Dye Aggregates to DNA Holliday Junction. Molecules 2022; 27:4006. [PMID: 35807250 PMCID: PMC9268628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A DNA Holliday junction (HJ) has been used as a versatile scaffold to create a variety of covalently templated molecular dye aggregates exhibiting strong excitonic coupling. In these dye-DNA constructs, one way to attach dyes to DNA is to tether them via single long linkers to thymine modifiers incorporated in the core of the HJ. Here, using photoinduced [2 + 2] cycloaddition (photocrosslinking) between thymines, we investigated the relative positions of squaraine-labeled thymine modifiers in the core of the HJ, and whether the proximity of thymine modifiers correlated with the excitonic coupling strength in squaraine dimers. Photocrosslinking between squaraine-labeled thymine modifiers was carried out in two distinct types of configurations: adjacent dimer and transverse dimer. The outcomes of the reactions in terms of relative photocrosslinking yields were evaluated by denaturing polyacrylamide electrophoresis. We found that for photocrosslinking to occur at a high yield, a synergetic combination of three parameters was necessary: adjacent dimer configuration, strong attractive dye-dye interactions that led to excitonic coupling, and an A-T neighboring base pair. The insight into the proximity of dye-labeled thymines in adjacent and transverse configurations correlated with the strength of excitonic coupling in the corresponding dimers. To demonstrate a utility of photocrosslinking, we created a squaraine tetramer templated by a doubly crosslinked HJ with increased thermal stability. These findings provide guidance for the design of HJ-templated dye aggregates exhibiting strong excitonic coupling for exciton-based applications such as organic optoelectronics and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Basu
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (S.B.); (K.C.-S.); (B.Y.); (W.B.K.)
| | - Keitel Cervantes-Salguero
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (S.B.); (K.C.-S.); (B.Y.); (W.B.K.)
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (S.B.); (K.C.-S.); (B.Y.); (W.B.K.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (S.B.); (K.C.-S.); (B.Y.); (W.B.K.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (S.B.); (K.C.-S.); (B.Y.); (W.B.K.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; (S.B.); (K.C.-S.); (B.Y.); (W.B.K.)
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8
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Zhou X, Lin S, Yan H. Interfacing DNA nanotechnology and biomimetic photonic complexes: advances and prospects in energy and biomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:257. [PMID: 35658974 PMCID: PMC9164479 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled photonic systems with well-organized spatial arrangement and engineered optical properties can be used as efficient energy materials and as effective biomedical agents. The lessons learned from natural light-harvesting antennas have inspired the design and synthesis of a series of biomimetic photonic complexes, including those containing strongly coupled dye aggregates with dense molecular packing and unique spectroscopic features. These photoactive components provide excellent features that could be coupled to multiple applications including light-harvesting, energy transfer, biosensing, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. Meanwhile, nanoscale DNA assemblies have been employed as programmable and addressable templates to guide the formation of DNA-directed multi-pigment complexes, which can be used to enhance the complexity and precision of artificial photonic systems and show the potential for energy and biomedical applications. This review focuses on the interface of DNA nanotechnology and biomimetic photonic systems. We summarized the recent progress in the design, synthesis, and applications of bioinspired photonic systems, highlighted the advantages of the utilization of DNA nanostructures, and discussed the challenges and opportunities they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Su Lin
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA. .,School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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9
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Barclay MS, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Mass OA, Obukhova OM, Svoiakov RP, Tatarets AL, Chowdhury AU, Huff JS, Turner DB, Davis PH, Terpetschnig EA, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Lee J, Pensack RD. Oblique Packing and Tunable Excitonic Coupling in DNA‐Templated Squaraine Rotaxane Dimer Aggregates. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Barclay
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Simon K. Roy
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Olena M. Obukhova
- SSI Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine: Naukovo-tehnologicnij kompleks Institut monokristaliv Nacional'na akademia nauk Ukraini Department of Luminescent Materials and Dyes UKRAINE
| | - Rostyslav P. Svoiakov
- SSI Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine: Naukovo-tehnologicnij kompleks Institut monokristaliv Nacional'na akademia nauk Ukraini Department of Luminescent Materials and Dyes UKRAINE
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- SSI Institute for Single Crystals NAS of Ukraine: Naukovo-tehnologicnij kompleks Institut monokristaliv Nacional'na akademia nauk Ukraini Department of Luminescent Materials and Dyes UKRAINE
| | - Azhad U. Chowdhury
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering UNITED STATES
| | | | - Bernard Yurke
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Boise State University Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering 1435 W University Dr 83706 Boise UNITED STATES
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10
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Chowdhury A, Díaz S, Huff JS, Barclay MS, Chiriboga M, Ellis GA, Mathur D, Patten LK, Sup A, Hallstrom N, Cunningham PD, Lee J, Davis PH, Turner DB, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Medintz IL, Melinger JS, Pensack RD. Tuning between Quenching and Energy Transfer in DNA-Templated Heterodimer Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2782-2791. [PMID: 35319215 PMCID: PMC8978177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitons, which propagate spatially via electronic energy transfer, are central to numerous applications including light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing; they may also benefit applications such as photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging through the local generation of heat via rapid excited-state quenching. Here we show how to tune between energy transfer and quenching for heterodimers of the same pair of cyanine dyes by altering their spatial configuration on a DNA template. We assemble "transverse" and "adjacent" heterodimers of Cy5 and Cy5.5 using DNA Holliday junctions. We find that the transverse heterodimers exhibit optical properties consistent with excitonically interacting dyes and fluorescence quenching, while the adjacent heterodimers exhibit optical properties consistent with nonexcitonically interacting dyes and disproportionately large Cy5.5 emission, suggestive of energy transfer between dyes. We use transient absorption spectroscopy to show that quenching in the transverse heterodimer occurs via rapid nonradiative decay to the ground state (∼31 ps) and that in the adjacent heterodimer rapid energy transfer from Cy5 to Cy5.5 (∼420 fs) is followed by Cy5.5 excited-state relaxation (∼700 ps). Accessing such drastically different photophysics, which may be tuned on demand for different target applications, highlights the utility of DNA as a template for dye aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhad
U. Chowdhury
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Sebastián
A. Díaz
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew S. Barclay
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew Chiriboga
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- Volgenau
School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Divita Mathur
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College
of
Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Lance K. Patten
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Aaron Sup
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Natalya Hallstrom
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul D. Cunningham
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Joseph S. Melinger
- Center for Bio/Molecular
Science and Engineering Code 6900 and Electronics Science
and Technology Division Code 6800, U.S.
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry
& Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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11
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Mass OA, Wilson CK, Barcenas G, Terpetschnig EA, Obukhova OM, Kolosova OS, Tatarets AL, Li L, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Pensack RD, Lee J. Influence of Hydrophobicity on Excitonic Coupling in DNA-Templated Indolenine Squaraine Dye Aggregates. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:3475-3488. [PMID: 35242270 PMCID: PMC8883467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Control over the strength of excitonic coupling in molecular dye aggregates is a substantial factor for the development of technologies such as light harvesting, optoelectronics, and quantum computing. According to the molecular exciton model, the strength of excitonic coupling is inversely proportional to the distance between dyes. Covalent DNA templating was proved to be a versatile tool to control dye spacing on a subnanometer scale. To further expand our ability to control photophysical properties of excitons, here, we investigated the influence of dye hydrophobicity on the strength of excitonic coupling in squaraine aggregates covalently templated by DNA Holliday Junction (DNA HJ). Indolenine squaraines were chosen for their excellent spectral properties, stability, and diversity of chemical modifications. Six squaraines of varying hydrophobicity from highly hydrophobic to highly hydrophilic were assembled in two dimer configurations and a tetramer. In general, the examined squaraines demonstrated a propensity toward face-to-face aggregation behavior observed via steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. Modeling based on the Kühn-Renger-May approach quantified the strength of excitonic coupling in the squaraine aggregates. The strength of excitonic coupling strongly correlated with squaraine hydrophobic region. Dimer aggregates of dichloroindolenine squaraine were found to exhibit the strongest coupling strength of 132 meV (1065 cm-1). In addition, we identified the sites for dye attachment in the DNA HJ that promote the closest spacing between the dyes in their dimers. The extracted aggregate geometries, and the role of electrostatic and steric effects in squaraine aggregation are also discussed. Taken together, these findings provide a deeper insight into how dye structures influence excitonic coupling in dye aggregates covalently templated via DNA, and guidance in design rules for exciton-based materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Mass
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - German Barcenas
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | | | - Olena M. Obukhova
- State
Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals”
of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Olga S. Kolosova
- State
Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals”
of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Anatoliy L. Tatarets
- State
Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals”
of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61072, Ukraine
| | - Lan Li
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Center
for Advanced Energy Studies, Idaho
Falls, Idaho 83401, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan. D. Pensack
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boise State
University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United
States
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12
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Roy S, Mass OA, Kellis DL, Wilson CK, Hall JA, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Exciton Delocalization and Scaffold Stability in Bridged Nucleotide-Substituted, DNA Duplex-Templated Cyanine Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13670-13684. [PMID: 34894675 PMCID: PMC8713290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular excitons play a foundational role in chromophore aggregates found in light-harvesting systems and offer potential applications in engineered excitonic systems. Controlled aggregation of chromophores to promote exciton delocalization has been achieved by covalently tethering chromophores to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) scaffolds. Although many studies have documented changes in the optical properties of chromophores upon aggregation using DNA scaffolds, more limited work has investigated how structural modifications of DNA via bridged nucleotides and chromophore covalent attachment impact scaffold stability as well as the configuration and optical behavior of attached aggregates. Here we investigated the impact of two types of bridged nucleotides, LNA and BNA, as a structural modification of duplex DNA-templated cyanine (Cy5) aggregates. The bridged nucleotides were incorporated in the domain of one to four Cy5 chromophores attached between adjacent bases of a DNA duplex. We found that bridged nucleotides increase the stability of DNA scaffolds carrying Cy5 aggregates in comparison with natural nucleotides in analogous constructs. Exciton coupling strength and delocalization in Cy5 aggregates were evaluated via steady-state absorption, circular dichroism, and theoretical modeling. Replacing natural nucleotides with bridged nucleotides resulted in a noticeable increase in the coupling strength (≥10 meV) between chromophores and increased H-like stacking behavior (i.e., more face-to-face stacking). Our results suggest that bridged nucleotides may be useful for increasing scaffold stability and coupling between DNA templated chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
K. Roy
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Donald L. Kellis
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - John A. Hall
- Division
of Research and Economic Development, Boise
State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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13
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Development of Synthetic DNA Circuit and Networks for Molecular Information Processing. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112955. [PMID: 34835719 PMCID: PMC8625377 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a genetic material, encodes all living information and living characteristics, e.g., in cell, DNA signaling circuits control the transcription activities of specific genes. In recent years, various DNA circuits have been developed to implement a wide range of signaling and for regulating gene network functions. In particular, a synthetic DNA circuit, with a programmable design and easy construction, has become a crucial method through which to simulate and regulate DNA signaling networks. Importantly, the construction of a hierarchical DNA circuit provides a useful tool for regulating gene networks and for processing molecular information. Moreover, via their robust and modular properties, DNA circuits can amplify weak signals and establish programmable cascade systems, which are particularly suitable for the applications of biosensing and detecting. Furthermore, a biological enzyme can also be used to provide diverse circuit regulation elements. Currently, studies regarding the mechanisms and applications of synthetic DNA circuit are important for the establishment of more advanced artificial gene regulation systems and intelligent molecular sensing tools. We therefore summarize recent relevant research progress, contributing to the development of nanotechnology-based synthetic DNA circuits. By summarizing the current highlights and the development of synthetic DNA circuits, this paper provides additional insights for future DNA circuit development and provides a foundation for the construction of more advanced DNA circuits.
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14
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Huff JS, Turner DB, Mass OA, Patten LK, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Barclay MS, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Davis PH, Pensack RD. Excited-State Lifetimes of DNA-Templated Cyanine Dimer, Trimer, and Tetramer Aggregates: The Role of Exciton Delocalization, Dye Separation, and DNA Heterogeneity. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10240-10259. [PMID: 34473494 PMCID: PMC8450906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
DNA-templated molecular
(dye) aggregates are a novel class of materials
that have garnered attention in a broad range of areas including light
harvesting, sensing, and computing. Using DNA to template dye aggregation
is attractive due to the relative ease with which DNA nanostructures
can be assembled in solution, the diverse array of nanostructures
that can be assembled, and the ability to precisely position dyes
to within a few Angstroms of one another. These factors, combined
with the programmability of DNA, raise the prospect of designer materials
custom tailored for specific applications. Although considerable progress
has been made in characterizing the optical properties and associated
electronic structures of these materials, less is known about their
excited-state dynamics. For example, little is known about how the
excited-state lifetime, a parameter essential to many applications,
is influenced by structural factors, such as the number of dyes within
the aggregate and their spatial arrangement. In this work, we use
a combination of transient absorption spectroscopy and global target
analysis to measure excited-state lifetimes in a series of DNA-templated
cyanine dye aggregates. Specifically, we investigate six distinct
dimer, trimer, and tetramer aggregates—based on the ubiquitous
cyanine dye Cy5—templated using both duplex and Holliday junction
DNA nanostructures. We find that these DNA-templated Cy5 aggregates
all exhibit significantly reduced excited-state lifetimes, some by
more than 2 orders of magnitude, and observe considerable variation
among the lifetimes. We attribute the reduced excited-state lifetimes
to enhanced nonradiative decay and proceed to discuss various structural
factors, including exciton delocalization, dye separation, and DNA
heterogeneity, that may contribute to the observed reduction and variability
of excited-state lifetimes. Guided by insights from structural modeling,
we find that the reduced lifetimes and enhanced nonradiative decay
are most strongly correlated with the distance between the dyes. These
results inform potential tradeoffs between dye separation, excitonic
coupling strength, and excited-state lifetime that motivate deeper
mechanistic understanding, potentially via further dye and dye template
design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Huff
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Daniel B Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Olga A Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lance K Patten
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Christopher K Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Simon K Roy
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Matthew S Barclay
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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15
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Barclay MS, Roy SK, Huff JS, Mass OA, Turner DB, Wilson CK, Kellis DL, Terpetschnig EA, Lee J, Davis PH, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Pensack RD. Rotaxane rings promote oblique packing and extended lifetimes in DNA-templated molecular dye aggregates. Commun Chem 2021; 4:19. [PMID: 35474961 PMCID: PMC9037907 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular excitons play a central role in natural and artificial light harvesting, organic electrònics, and nanoscale computing. The structure and dynamics of molecular excitons, critical to each application, are sensitively governed by molecular packing. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) templating is a powerful approach that enables controlled aggregation via sub-nanometer positioning of molecular dyes. However, finer sub-Angstrom control of dye packing is needed to tailor excitonic properties for specific applications. Here, we show that adding rotaxane rings to squaraine dyes templated with DNA promotes an elusive oblique packing arrangement with highly desirable optical properties. Specifically, dimers of these squaraine:rotaxanes exhibit an absorption spectrum with near-equal intensity excitonically split absorption bands. Theoretical analysis indicates that the transitions are mostly electronic in nature and only have similar intensities over a narrow range of packing angles. Compared with squaraine dimers, squaraine:rotaxane dimers also exhibit extended excited-state lifetimes and less structural heterogeneity. The approach proposed here may be generally useful for optimizing excitonic materials for a variety of applications ranging from solar energy conversion to quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Barclay
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Simon K. Roy
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Jonathan S. Huff
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Olga A. Mass
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Christopher K. Wilson
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Donald L. Kellis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | | | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725 USA
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16
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Abstract
Advances in switchable microlasers have emerged as a building block with immense potential in controlling light-matter interactions and integrated photonics. Compared to artificially designed interfaces, a stimuli-responsive biointerface enables a higher level of functionalities and versatile ways of tailoring optical responses at the nanoscale. However, switching laser emission with biological recognition has yet to be addressed, particularly with reversibility and wavelength tunability over a broad spectral range. Here we demonstrate a self-switchable laser exploiting the biointerface between label-free DNA molecules and dye-doped liquid crystal matrix in a Fabry-Perot microcavity. Laser emission switching among different wavelengths was achieved by utilizing DNA conformation changes as the switching power, which alters the orientation of the liquid crystals. Our findings demonstrate that different concentrations of single-stranded DNA lead to different temporal switching of lasing wavelengths and intensities. The lasing wavelength could be reverted upon binding with the complementary sequence through DNA hybridization process. Both experimental and theoretical studies revealed that absorption strength is the key mechanism accounting for the laser shifting behavior. This study represents a milestone in achieving a biologically controlled laser, shedding light on the development of programmable photonic devices at the sub-nanoscale by exploiting the complexity and self-recognition of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuerui Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
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17
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Mass OA, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Barclay MS, Patten LK, Terpetschnig EA, Lee J, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Exciton Delocalization in Indolenine Squaraine Aggregates Templated by DNA Holliday Junction Scaffolds. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9636-9647. [PMID: 33052691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exciton delocalization plays a prominent role in the photophysics of molecular aggregates, ultimately governing their particular function or application. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a compelling scaffold in which to template molecular aggregates and promote exciton delocalization. As individual dye molecules are the basis of exciton delocalization in molecular aggregates, their judicious selection is important. Motivated by their excellent photostability and spectral properties, here, we examine the ability of squaraine dyes to undergo exciton delocalization when aggregated via a DNA Holliday junction (HJ) template. A commercially available indolenine squaraine dye was chosen for the study given its strong structural resemblance to Cy5, a commercially available cyanine dye previously shown to undergo exciton delocalization in DNA HJs. Three types of DNA-dye aggregate configurations-transverse dimer, adjacent dimer, and tetramer-were investigated. Signatures of exciton delocalization were observed in all squaraine-DNA aggregates. Specifically, strong blue shift and Davydov splitting were observed in steady-state absorption spectroscopy and exciton-induced features were evident in circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Strongly suppressed fluorescence emission provided additional, indirect evidence for exciton delocalization in the DNA-templated squaraine dye aggregates. To quantitatively evaluate and directly compare the excitonic Coulombic coupling responsible for exciton delocalization, the strength of excitonic hopping interactions between the dyes was obtained by simultaneously fitting the experimental steady-state absorption and CD spectra via a Holstein-like Hamiltonian, in which, following the theoretical approach of Kühn, Renger, and May, the dominant vibrational mode is explicitly considered. The excitonic hopping strength within indolenine squaraines was found to be comparable to that of the analogous Cy5 DNA-templated aggregate. The squaraine aggregates adopted primarily an H-type (dyes oriented parallel to each other) spatial arrangement. Extracted geometric details of the dye mutual orientation in the aggregates enabled a close comparison of aggregate configurations and the elucidation of the influence of dye angular relationship on excitonic hopping interactions in squaraine aggregates. These results encourage the application of squaraine-based aggregates in next-generation systems driven by molecular excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewald A Terpetschnig
- SETA BioMedicals, LLC, 2014 Silver Court East, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Farahvash A, Lee CK, Sun Q, Shi L, Willard AP. Machine learning Frenkel Hamiltonian parameters to accelerate simulations of exciton dynamics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:074111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0016009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Farahvash
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - Qiming Sun
- Tencent America, Palo Alto, California 94306, USA
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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19
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Yu J, Sharma M, Sharma A, Delikanli S, Volkan Demir H, Dang C. All-optical control of exciton flow in a colloidal quantum well complex. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:27. [PMID: 32140218 PMCID: PMC7046609 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Excitonics, an alternative to romising for processing information since semiconductor electronics is rapidly approaching the end of Moore's law. Currently, the development of excitonic devices, where exciton flow is controlled, is mainly focused on electric-field modulation or exciton polaritons in high-Q cavities. Here, we show an all-optical strategy to manipulate the exciton flow in a binary colloidal quantum well complex through mediation of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) by stimulated emission. In the spontaneous emission regime, FRET naturally occurs between a donor and an acceptor. In contrast, upon stronger excitation, the ultrafast consumption of excitons by stimulated emission effectively engineers the excitonic flow from the donors to the acceptors. Specifically, the acceptors' stimulated emission significantly accelerates the exciton flow, while the donors' stimulated emission almost stops this process. On this basis, a FRET-coupled rate equation model is derived to understand the controllable exciton flow using the density of the excited donors and the unexcited acceptors. The results will provide an effective all-optical route for realizing excitonic devices under room temperature operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Yu
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Sharma
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Ashma Sharma
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Savas Delikanli
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Bilkent, 06800 Ankara Turkey
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Physics and Applied Physics, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cuong Dang
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Photonics Institute (TPI), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES 3288, Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Level 6, 637553 Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Huff JS, Davis PH, Christy A, Kellis DL, Kandadai N, Toa ZSD, Scholes GD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB, Pensack RD. DNA-Templated Aggregates of Strongly Coupled Cyanine Dyes: Nonradiative Decay Governs Exciton Lifetimes. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2386-2392. [PMID: 31010285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular excitons are used in a variety of applications including light harvesting, optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing. Controlled aggregation via covalent attachment of dyes to DNA templates is a promising aggregate assembly technique that enables the design of extended dye networks. However, there are few studies of exciton dynamics in DNA-templated dye aggregates. We report time-resolved excited-state dynamics measurements of two cyanine-based dye aggregates, a J-like dimer and an H-like tetramer, formed through DNA-templating of covalently attached dyes. Time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption indicate that nonradiative decay, in the form of internal conversion, dominates the aggregate ground state recovery dynamics, with singlet exciton lifetimes on the order of tens of picoseconds for the aggregates versus nanoseconds for the monomer. These results highlight the importance of circumventing nonradiative decay pathways in the future design of DNA-templated dye aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zi S D Toa
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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21
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Kellis DL, Sarter C, Cannon BL, Davis PH, Graugnard E, Lee J, Pensack RD, Kolmar T, Jäschke A, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. An All-Optical Excitonic Switch Operated in the Liquid and Solid Phases. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2986-2994. [PMID: 30758934 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The excitonic circuitry found in photosynthetic organisms suggests an alternative to electronic circuits, but the assembly of optically active molecules to fabricate even simple excitonic devices has been hampered by the limited availability of suitable molecular scale assembly technologies. Here we have designed and operated a hybrid all-optical excitonic switch comprised of donor/acceptor chromophores and photochromic nucleotide modulators assembled with nanometer scale precision using DNA nanotechnology. The all-optical excitonic switch was operated successfully in both liquid and solid phases, exhibiting high ON/OFF switching contrast with no apparent cyclic fatigue through nearly 200 cycles. These findings, combined with the switch's small footprint and volume, estimated low energy requirement, and potential ability to switch at speeds in the 10s of picoseconds, establish a prospective pathway forward for all-optical excitonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Kellis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Christopher Sarter
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Brittany L Cannon
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Elton Graugnard
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology , Heidelberg University , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Boise State University , Boise , Idaho 83725 , United States
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22
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Kashida H, Kawai H, Maruyama R, Kokubo Y, Araki Y, Wada T, Asanuma H. Quantitative evaluation of energy migration between identical chromophores enabled by breaking symmetry. Commun Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-018-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
The breaking of molecular symmetry through photoexcitation is a ubiquitous but rather elusive process, which, for example, controls the microscopic efficiency of light harvesting in molecular aggregates. A molecular excitation within a π-conjugated segment will self-localize due to strong coupling to molecular vibrations, locally changing bond alternation in a process which is fundamentally nondeterministic. Probing such symmetry breaking usually relies on polarization-resolved fluorescence, which is most powerful on the level of single molecules. Here, we explore symmetry breaking by designing a large, asymmetric acceptor-donor-acceptor (A1-D-A2) complex 10 nm in length, where excitation energy can flow from the donor, a π-conjugated oligomer, to either one of the two boron-dipyrromethene (bodipy) dye acceptors of different color. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) reveals a nondeterministic switching between the energy-transfer pathways from the oligomer to the two acceptor groups on the submillisecond timescale. We conclude that excitation energy transfer, and light harvesting in general, are fundamentally nondeterministic processes, which can be strongly perturbed by external stimuli. A simple demonstration of the relation between exciton localization within the extended π-system and energy transfer to the endcap is given by considering the selectivity of endcap emission through the polarization of the excitation light in triads with bent oligomer backbones. Bending leads to increased localization so that the molecule acquires bichromophoric characteristics in terms of its fluorescence photon statistics.
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24
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Nguyen HH, Park J, Hwang S, Kwon OS, Lee CS, Shin YB, Ha TH, Kim M. On-Chip Fluorescence Switching System for Constructing a Rewritable Random Access Data Storage Device. Sci Rep 2018; 8:337. [PMID: 29321500 PMCID: PMC5762669 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the development of on-chip fluorescence switching system based on DNA strand displacement and DNA hybridization for the construction of a rewritable and randomly accessible data storage device. In this study, the feasibility and potential effectiveness of our proposed system was evaluated with a series of wet experiments involving 40 bits (5 bytes) of data encoding a 5-charactered text (KRIBB). Also, a flexible data rewriting function was achieved by converting fluorescence signals between "ON" and "OFF" through DNA strand displacement and hybridization events. In addition, the proposed system was successfully validated on a microfluidic chip which could further facilitate the encoding and decoding process of data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of DNA hybridization and DNA strand displacement in the field of data storage devices. Taken together, our results demonstrated that DNA-based fluorescence switching could be applicable to construct a rewritable and randomly accessible data storage device through controllable DNA manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Hiep Nguyen
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Jeho Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hwang
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Tai Hwan Ha
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
| | - Moonil Kim
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Korea.
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Nursing & Allied Health (CVMNAH), Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, 36088, USA.
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25
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Nicoli F, Barth A, Bae W, Neukirchinger F, Crevenna AH, Lamb DC, Liedl T. Directional Photonic Wire Mediated by Homo-Förster Resonance Energy Transfer on a DNA Origami Platform. ACS NANO 2017; 11:11264-11272. [PMID: 29063765 PMCID: PMC6546591 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Elaborating efficient strategies and deepening the understanding of light transport at the nanoscale is of great importance for future designs of artificial light-harvesting assemblies and dye-based photonic circuits. In this work, we focus on studying the phenomenon of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) among fluorophores of the same kind (homo-FRET) and its implications for energy cascades containing two or three different dye molecules. Utilizing the spatial programmability of DNA origami, we arranged a chain of cyanine 3 (Cy3) dyes flanked at one end with a dye of lower excitation energy, cyanine 5 (Cy5), with or without an additional dye of higher excitation energy, Alexa488, at the other end. We characterized the response of our fluorophore assemblies with bulk and single-molecule spectroscopy and support our measurements by Monte Carlo modeling of energy transfer within the system. We find that, depending on the arrangement of the fluorophores, homo-FRET between the Cy3 dyes can lead to an overall enhanced energy transfer to the acceptor fluorophore. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed the homo-FRET system by addressing the fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy. Finally, we built a homo-FRET-mediated photonic wire capable of transferring energy through the homo-FRET system from the blue donor dye (Alexa488) to the red acceptor fluorophore (Cy5) across a total distance of 16 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Nicoli
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders Barth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wooli Bae
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Neukirchinger
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alvaro H. Crevenna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Don C. Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence to and
| | - Tim Liedl
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence to and
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26
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LaBoda CD, Lebeck AR, Dwyer CL. An Optically Modulated Self-Assembled Resonance Energy Transfer Pass Gate. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3775-3781. [PMID: 28488874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an optically controlled molecular-scale pass gate that uses the photoinduced dark states of fluorescent molecules to modulate the flow of excitons. The device consists of four fluorophores spatially arranged on a self-assembled DNA nanostructure. Together, they form a resonance energy transfer (RET) network resembling a standard transistor with a source, channel, drain, and gate. When the gate fluorophore is directly excited, the device is toggled on. Excitons flow freely from the source to the drain, producing strong output fluorescence. Without this excitation, exciton flow through the device is hindered by absorbing paths along the way, resulting in weak output fluorescence. In this Letter, we describe the design and fabrication of the pass gate. We perform a steady-state analysis revealing that the on/off fluorescence ratio for this particular implementation is ∼8.7. To demonstrate dynamic modulation of the pass gate, we toggle the gate excitation on and off and measure the corresponding change in output fluorescence. We characterize the rise and fall times of these transitions, showing that they are faster and/or more easily achieved than other methods of RET network modulation. The pass gate is the first dynamic RET-based logic gate exclusively modulated by dark states and serves as a proof-of-concept device for building more complex RET systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig D LaBoda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Alvin R Lebeck
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chris L Dwyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of Computer Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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27
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Díaz SA, Lasarte Aragonés G, Buckhout-White S, Qiu X, Oh E, Susumu K, Melinger JS, Huston AL, Hildebrandt N, Medintz IL. Bridging Lanthanide to Quantum Dot Energy Transfer with a Short-Lifetime Organic Dye. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2182-2188. [PMID: 28467088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) should act as excellent Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) acceptors due to their large absorption cross section, tunable emission, and high quantum yields. Engaging this type of FRET can be complicated due to direct excitation of the QD acceptor along with its longer excited-state lifetime. Many cases of QDs acting as energy transfer acceptors are within time-gated FRET from long-lifetime lanthanides, which allow the QDs to decay before observing FRET. Efficient QD sensitization requires the lanthanide to be in close proximity to the QD. To overcome the lifetime mismatch issues and limited transfer range, we utilized a Cy3 dye to bridge the energy transfer from an extremely long lived terbium emitter to the QD. We demonstrated that short-lifetime dyes can be used as energy transfer relays between extended lifetime components and in this way increased the distance of terbium-QD FRET to ∼14 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xue Qiu
- NanoBioPhotonics, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA , 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions , Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions , Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | | | | | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, CEA , 91400 Orsay, France
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28
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Brown CW, Buckhout-White S, Díaz SA, Melinger JS, Ancona MG, Goldman ER, Medintz IL. Evaluating Dye-Labeled DNA Dendrimers for Potential Applications in Molecular Biosensing. ACS Sens 2017; 2:401-410. [PMID: 28723206 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures provide a reliable and predictable scaffold for precisely positioning fluorescent dyes to form energy transfer cascades. Furthermore, these structures and their attendant dye networks can be dynamically manipulated by biochemical inputs, with the changes reflected in the spectral response. However, the complexity of DNA structures that have undergone such types of manipulation for direct biosensing applications is quite limited. Here, we investigate four different modification strategies to effect such dynamic manipulations using a DNA dendrimer scaffold as a testbed, and with applications to biosensing in mind. The dendrimer has a 2:1 branching ratio that organizes the dyes into a FRET-based antenna in which excitonic energy generated on multiple initial Cy3 dyes displayed at the periphery is then transferred inward through Cy3.5 and/or Cy5 relay dyes to a Cy5.5 final acceptor at the focus. Advantages of this design included good transfer efficiency, large spectral separation between the initial donor and final acceptor emissions for signal transduction, and an inherent tolerance to defects. Of the approaches to structural rearrangement, the first two mechanisms we consider employed either toehold-mediated strand displacement or strand replacement and their impact was mainly via direct transfer efficiency, while the other two were more global in their effect using either a belting mechanism or an 8-arm star nanostructure to compress the nanostructure and thereby modulate its spectral response through an enhancement in parallelism. The performance of these mechanisms, their ability to reset, and how they might be utilized in biosensing applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W. Brown
- College
of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | | | - Sebastián A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
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29
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Wang B, Wang X, Wei B, Huang F, Yao D, Liang H. DNA photonic nanowires with tunable FRET signals on the basis of toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reactions. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:2981-2985. [PMID: 28225119 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A DNA photonic nanowire with tunable FRET signals was fabricated on the basis of cascaded toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reactions. Different DNA inputs were added to trigger the reaction network, and the corresponding FRET signals were obtained. Compared to the direct hybridization, this design is sensitive for 2 nM targets within 20 min and also causes color changes of the solution with blue-light excitation. It could also be applied in live cells to monitor MicroRNA with a simple modification which might become a low-cost method for further application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujian Huang
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongbao Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China. and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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30
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Olson X, Kotani S, Padilla JE, Hallstrom N, Goltry S, Lee J, Yurke B, Hughes WL, Graugnard E. Availability: A Metric for Nucleic Acid Strand Displacement Systems. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:84-93. [PMID: 26875531 PMCID: PMC5259754 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA strand displacement systems have transformative potential in synthetic biology. While powerful examples have been reported in DNA nanotechnology, such systems are plagued by leakage, which limits network stability, sensitivity, and scalability. An approach to mitigate leakage in DNA nanotechnology, which is applicable to synthetic biology, is to introduce mismatches to complementary fuel sequences at key locations. However, this method overlooks nuances in the secondary structure of the fuel and substrate that impact the leakage reaction kinetics in strand displacement systems. In an effort to quantify the impact of secondary structure on leakage, we introduce the concepts of availability and mutual availability and demonstrate their utility for network analysis. Our approach exposes vulnerable locations on the substrate and quantifies the secondary structure of fuel strands. Using these concepts, a 4-fold reduction in leakage has been achieved. The result is a rational design process that efficiently suppresses leakage and provides new insight into dynamic nucleic acid networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Olson
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Shohei Kotani
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Padilla
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Natalya Hallstrom
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Sara Goltry
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William L. Hughes
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Elton Graugnard
- Micron
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and Department of Electrical
& Computer Engineering, Boise State
University, 1910 University
Drive, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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31
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Zhan Y, Xu Y, Yang P, Zhang H, Li Y, Liu J. Carbazole-based salicylaldimine difluoroboron complex with crystallization-induced emission enhancement and reversible piezofluorochromism characteristics. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Dryza V, Smith TA, Bieske EJ. Blue to near-IR energy transfer cascade within a dye-doped polymer matrix, mediated by a photochromic molecular switch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5095-8. [PMID: 26816320 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic properties of a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix doped with a coumarin dye, a cyanine dye, and a photochromic spiropyran dye have been investigated. Before UV irradiation of the matrix, excitation of the coumarin dye results in minimal energy transfer to the cyanine dye. The energy transfer is substantially enhanced following UV irradiation of the matrix, which converts the colourless spiropyran isomer to the coloured merocyanine isomer, which then acts as an intermediate bridge by accepting energy from the coumarin dye and then donating energy to the cyanine dye. This demonstration of a switchable energy transfer cascade should help initiate new research directions in molecular photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoras Dryza
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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33
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Use of biomolecular scaffolds for assembling multistep light harvesting and energy transfer devices. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Development of DNA computing and information processing based on DNA-strand displacement. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Cannon B, Kellis DL, Davis PH, Lee J, Kuang W, Hughes W, Graugnard E, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Excitonic AND Logic Gates on DNA Brick Nanobreadboards. ACS PHOTONICS 2015; 2:398-404. [PMID: 25839049 PMCID: PMC4370369 DOI: 10.1021/ph500444d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A promising application of DNA self-assembly is the fabrication of chromophore-based excitonic devices. DNA brick assembly is a compelling method for creating programmable nanobreadboards on which chromophores may be rapidly and easily repositioned to prototype new excitonic devices, optimize device operation, and induce reversible switching. Using DNA nanobreadboards, we have demonstrated each of these functions through the construction and operation of two different excitonic AND logic gates. The modularity and high chromophore density achievable via this brick-based approach provide a viable path toward developing information processing and storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany
L. Cannon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Donald L. Kellis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H. Davis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Wan Kuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William
L. Hughes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Elton Graugnard
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- E-mail:
| | - William B. Knowlton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
- E-mail:
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36
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Bälter M, Hammarson M, Remón P, Li S, Gale N, Brown T, Andréasson J. Reversible energy-transfer switching on a DNA scaffold. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2444-7. [PMID: 25687828 PMCID: PMC4353014 DOI: 10.1021/ja512416n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We show that FRET between Pacific Blue (PB) and Alexa488 (A488) covalently attached to a DNA scaffold can be reversibly controlled by photochromic switching of a spiropyran derivative. With the spiropyran in the closed spiro isomeric form, FRET occurs freely between PB and A488. UV-induced isomerization to the open merocyanine form shuts down the FRET process by efficient quenching of the PB excited state. The process is reversed by exposure to visible light, triggering the isomerization to the spiro isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bälter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology , 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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37
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Assembling programmable FRET-based photonic networks using designer DNA scaffolds. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5615. [PMID: 25504073 PMCID: PMC4275599 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA demonstrates a remarkable capacity for creating designer nanostructures and devices. A growing number of these structures utilize Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) as part of the device's functionality, readout or characterization, and, as device sophistication increases so do the concomitant FRET requirements. Here we create multi-dye FRET cascades and assess how well DNA can marshal organic dyes into nanoantennae that focus excitonic energy. We evaluate 36 increasingly complex designs including linear, bifurcated, Holliday junction, 8-arm star and dendrimers involving up to five different dyes engaging in four-consecutive FRET steps, while systematically varying fluorophore spacing by Förster distance (R0). Decreasing R0 while augmenting cross-sectional collection area with multiple donors significantly increases terminal exciton delivery efficiency within dendrimers compared with the first linear constructs. Förster modelling confirms that best results are obtained when there are multiple interacting FRET pathways rather than independent channels by which excitons travel from initial donor(s) to final acceptor.
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38
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Takabayashi S, Klein WP, Onodera C, Rapp B, Flores-Estrada J, Lindau E, Snowball L, Sam JT, Padilla JE, Lee J, Knowlton WB, Graugnard E, Yurke B, Kuang W, Hughes WL. High precision and high yield fabrication of dense nanoparticle arrays onto DNA origami at statistically independent binding sites. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13928-38. [PMID: 25311051 PMCID: PMC4547787 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
High precision, high yield, and high density self-assembly of nanoparticles into arrays is essential for nanophotonics. Spatial deviations as small as a few nanometers can alter the properties of near-field coupled optical nanostructures. Several studies have reported assemblies of few nanoparticle structures with controlled spacing using DNA nanostructures with variable yield. Here, we report multi-tether design strategies and attachment yields for homo- and hetero-nanoparticle arrays templated by DNA origami nanotubes. Nanoparticle attachment yield via DNA hybridization is comparable with streptavidin-biotin binding. Independent of the number of binding sites, >97% site-occupation was achieved with four tethers and 99.2% site-occupation is theoretically possible with five tethers. The interparticle distance was within 2 nm of all design specifications and the nanoparticle spatial deviations decreased with interparticle spacing. Modified geometric, binomial, and trinomial distributions indicate that site-bridging, steric hindrance, and electrostatic repulsion were not dominant barriers to self-assembly and both tethers and binding sites were statistically independent at high particle densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Takabayashi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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39
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Buckhout-White S, Claussen JC, Melinger JS, Dunningham Z, Ancona MG, Goldman ER, Medintz IL. A triangular three-dye DNA switch capable of reconfigurable molecular logic. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10580j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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40
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Kuzyk A, Schreiber R, Zhang H, Govorov AO, Liedl T, Liu N. Reconfigurable 3D plasmonic metamolecules. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:862-6. [PMID: 24997737 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A reconfigurable plasmonic nanosystem combines an active plasmonic structure with a regulated physical or chemical control input. There have been considerable efforts on integration of plasmonic nanostructures with active platforms using top-down techniques. The active media include phase-transition materials, graphene, liquid crystals and carrier-modulated semiconductors, which can respond to thermal, electrical and optical stimuli. However, these plasmonic nanostructures are often restricted to two-dimensional substrates, showing desired optical response only along specific excitation directions. Alternatively, bottom-up techniques offer a new pathway to impart reconfigurability and functionality to passive systems. In particular, DNA has proven to be one of the most versatile and robust building blocks for construction of complex three-dimensional architectures with high fidelity. Here we show the creation of reconfigurable three-dimensional plasmonic metamolecules, which execute DNA-regulated conformational changes at the nanoscale. DNA serves as both a construction material to organize plasmonic nanoparticles in three dimensions, as well as fuel for driving the metamolecules to distinct conformational states. Simultaneously, the three-dimensional plasmonic metamolecules can work as optical reporters, which transduce their conformational changes in situ into circular dichroism changes in the visible wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kuzyk
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Schreiber
- 1] Fakultät für Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany [2]
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Tim Liedl
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Na Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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41
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LaBoda C, Duschl H, Dwyer CL. DNA-enabled integrated molecular systems for computation and sensing. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1816-24. [PMID: 24849225 DOI: 10.1021/ar500054u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Nucleic acids have become powerful building blocks for creating supramolecular nanostructures with a variety of new and interesting behaviors. The predictable and guided folding of DNA, inspired by nature, allows designs to manipulate molecular-scale processes unlike any other material system. Thus, DNA can be co-opted for engineered and purposeful ends. This Account details a small portion of what can be engineered using DNA within the context of computer architectures and systems. Over a decade of work at the intersection of DNA nanotechnology and computer system design has shown several key elements and properties of how to harness the massive parallelism created by DNA self-assembly. This work is presented, naturally, from the bottom-up beginning with early work on strand sequence design for deterministic, finite DNA nanostructure synthesis. The key features of DNA nanostructures are explored, including how the use of small DNA motifs assembled in a hierarchical manner enables full-addressability of the final nanostructure, an important property for building dense and complicated systems. A full computer system also requires devices that are compatible with DNA self-assembly and cooperate at a higher level as circuits patterned over many, many replicated units. Described here is some work in this area investigating nanowire and nanoparticle devices, as well as chromophore-based circuits called resonance energy transfer (RET) logic. The former is an example of a new way to bring traditional silicon transistor technology to the nanoscale, which is increasingly problematic with current fabrication methods. RET logic, on the other hand, introduces a framework for optical computing at the molecular level. This Account also highlights several architectural system studies that demonstrate that even with low-level devices that are inferior to their silicon counterparts and a substrate that harbors abundant defects, self-assembled systems can still outperform conventional systems. Further, the domain, that is, the physical environment, in which such self-assembled computers can operate transcends the usual limitations of silicon machines and opens up new and exciting horizons for their application. This Account also includes a look at simulation tools developed to streamline the design process at the strand, device, circuit, and architectural levels. These tools are essential for understanding how to best manipulate the devices into systems that explore the fundamentally new computing domains enabled by DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig LaBoda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of
Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Heather Duschl
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of
Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chris L. Dwyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and ‡Department of
Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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42
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A nanopore machine promotes the vectorial transport of DNA across membranes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2415. [PMID: 24026014 PMCID: PMC3778508 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of nucleic acids through membrane pores is a fundamental biological process that occurs in all living organisms. It occurs, for example, during the import of viral DNA into the host cell or during the nuclear pore complex-mediated transport of mRNA in and out the cell nucleus and has implications in nucleic acid drug delivery and gene therapy. Here we describe an engineered DNA transporter that is able to recognize and chaperone a specific DNA molecule across a biological membrane under a fixed transmembrane potential. The transported DNA strand is then released by a simple mechanism based on DNA strand displacement. This nanopore machine might be used to separate or concentrate nucleic acids or to transport genetic information across biological membranes.
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43
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Claussen JC, Hildebrandt N, Susumu K, Ancona MG, Medintz IL. Complex logic functions implemented with quantum dot bionanophotonic circuits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:3771-8. [PMID: 24354314 DOI: 10.1021/am404659f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We combine quantum dots (QDs) with long-lifetime terbium complexes (Tb), a near-IR Alexa Fluor dye (A647), and self-assembling peptides to demonstrate combinatorial and sequential bionanophotonic logic devices that function by time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Upon excitation, the Tb-QD-A647 FRET-complex produces time-dependent photoluminescent signatures from multi-FRET pathways enabled by the capacitor-like behavior of the Tb. The unique photoluminescent signatures are manipulated by ratiometrically varying dye/Tb inputs and collection time. Fluorescent output is converted into Boolean logic states to create complex arithmetic circuits including the half-adder/half-subtractor, 2:1 multiplexer/1:2 demultiplexer, and a 3-digit, 16-combination keypad lock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Claussen
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900; ‡Optical Sciences Division, Code 5600; §Electronics Science and Technology Division, Code 6876; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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44
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Blanco-Canosa JB, Wu M, Susumu K, Petryayeva E, Jennings TL, Dawson PE, Algar WR, Medintz IL. Recent progress in the bioconjugation of quantum dots. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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Gradišar H, Jerala R. Self-assembled bionanostructures: proteins following the lead of DNA nanostructures. J Nanobiotechnology 2014; 12:4. [PMID: 24491139 PMCID: PMC3938474 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-12-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers are able to self-assemble into versatile nanostructures based on the information encoded into their primary structure. The structural richness of biopolymer-based nanostructures depends on the information content of building blocks and the available biological machinery to assemble and decode polymers with a defined sequence. Natural polypeptides comprise 20 amino acids with very different properties in comparison to only 4 structurally similar nucleotides, building elements of nucleic acids. Nevertheless the ease of synthesizing polynucleotides with selected sequence and the ability to encode the nanostructural assembly based on the two specific nucleotide pairs underlay the development of techniques to self-assemble almost any selected three-dimensional nanostructure from polynucleotides. Despite more complex design rules, peptides were successfully used to assemble symmetric nanostructures, such as fibrils and spheres. While earlier designed protein-based nanostructures used linked natural oligomerizing domains, recent design of new oligomerizing interaction surfaces and introduction of the platform for topologically designed protein fold may enable polypeptide-based design to follow the track of DNA nanostructures. The advantages of protein-based nanostructures, such as the functional versatility and cost effective and sustainable production methods provide strong incentive for further development in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gradišar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Excellent NMR – Future Innovation for Sustainable Technologies, Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Excellent NMR – Future Innovation for Sustainable Technologies, Centre of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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46
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Claussen JC, Algar WR, Hildebrandt N, Susumu K, Ancona MG, Medintz IL. Biophotonic logic devices based on quantum dots and temporally-staggered Förster energy transfer relays. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:12156-12170. [PMID: 24056977 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Integrating photonic inputs/outputs into unimolecular logic devices can provide significantly increased functional complexity and the ability to expand the repertoire of available operations. Here, we build upon a system previously utilized for biosensing to assemble and prototype several increasingly sophisticated biophotonic logic devices that function based upon multistep Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) relays. The core system combines a central semiconductor quantum dot (QD) nanoplatform with a long-lifetime Tb complex FRET donor and a near-IR organic fluorophore acceptor; the latter acts as two unique inputs for the QD-based device. The Tb complex allows for a form of temporal memory by providing unique access to a time-delayed modality as an alternate output which significantly increases the inherent computing options. Altering the device by controlling the configuration parameters with biologically based self-assembly provides input control while monitoring changes in emission output of all participants, in both a spectral and temporal-dependent manner, gives rise to two input, single output Boolean Logic operations including OR, AND, INHIBIT, XOR, NOR, NAND, along with the possibility of gate transitions. Incorporation of an enzymatic cleavage step provides for a set-reset function that can be implemented repeatedly with the same building blocks and is demonstrated with single input, single output YES and NOT gates. Potential applications for these devices are discussed in the context of their constituent parts and the richness of available signal.
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47
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Spillmann CM, Ancona MG, Buckhout-White S, Algar WR, Stewart MH, Susumu K, Huston AL, Goldman ER, Medintz IL. Achieving effective terminal exciton delivery in quantum dot antenna-sensitized multistep DNA photonic wires. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7101-7118. [PMID: 23844838 DOI: 10.1021/nn402468t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Assembling DNA-based photonic wires around semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) creates optically active hybrid architectures that exploit the unique properties of both components. DNA hybridization allows positioning of multiple, carefully arranged fluorophores that can engage in sequential energy transfer steps while the QDs provide a superior energy harvesting antenna capacity that drives a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) cascade through the structures. Although the first generation of these composites demonstrated four-sequential energy transfer steps across a distance >150 Å, the exciton transfer efficiency reaching the final, terminal dye was estimated to be only ~0.7% with no concomitant sensitized emission observed. Had the terminal Cy7 dye utilized in that construct provided a sensitized emission, we estimate that this would have equated to an overall end-to-end ET efficiency of ≤ 0.1%. In this report, we demonstrate that overall energy flow through a second generation hybrid architecture can be significantly improved by reengineering four key aspects of the composite structure: (1) making the initial DNA modification chemistry smaller and more facile to implement, (2) optimizing donor-acceptor dye pairings, (3) varying donor-acceptor dye spacing as a function of the Förster distance R0, and (4) increasing the number of DNA wires displayed around each central QD donor. These cumulative changes lead to a 2 orders of magnitude improvement in the exciton transfer efficiency to the final terminal dye in comparison to the first-generation construct. The overall end-to-end efficiency through the optimized, five-fluorophore/four-step cascaded energy transfer system now approaches 10%. The results are analyzed using Förster theory with various sources of randomness accounted for by averaging over ensembles of modeled constructs. Fits to the spectra suggest near-ideal behavior when the photonic wires have two sequential acceptor dyes (Cy3 and Cy3.5) and exciton transfer efficiencies approaching 100% are seen when the dye spacings are 0.5 × R0. However, as additional dyes are included in each wire, strong nonidealities appear that are suspected to arise predominantly from the poor photophysical performance of the last two acceptor dyes (Cy5 and Cy5.5). The results are discussed in the context of improving exciton transfer efficiency along photonic wires and the contributions these architectures can make to understanding multistep FRET processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Spillmann
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States
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48
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Tomov TE, Tsukanov R, Liber M, Masoud R, Plavner N, Nir E. Rational Design of DNA Motors: Fuel Optimization through Single-Molecule Fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11935-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4048416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toma E. Tomov
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz
Institute
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Roman Tsukanov
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz
Institute
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Miran Liber
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz
Institute
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Rula Masoud
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz
Institute
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Noa Plavner
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz
Institute
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Eyal Nir
- Department of Chemistry and the Ilse Katz
Institute
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel
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49
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Garo F, Häner R. Influence of a GC Base Pair on Excitation Energy Transfer in DNA-Assembled Phenanthrene π-Stacks. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:2105-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300302v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Garo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Preus S, Wilhelmsson LM. Advances in quantitative FRET-based methods for studying nucleic acids. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1990-2001. [PMID: 22936620 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool for monitoring molecular distances and interactions at the nanoscale level. The strong dependence of transfer efficiency on probe separation makes FRET perfectly suited for "on/off" experiments. To use FRET to obtain quantitative distances and three-dimensional structures, however, is more challenging. This review summarises recent studies and technological advances that have improved FRET as a quantitative molecular ruler in nucleic acid systems, both at the ensemble and at the single-molecule levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Preus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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