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Silva FWL, Name LL, Tiba DY, Braz BF, Santelli RE, Canevari TC, Cincotto FH. High sensitivity, low-cost, and disposability: A novel screen-printed electrode developed for direct electrochemical detection of the antibiotic ceftriaxone. Talanta 2024; 266:125075. [PMID: 37591152 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the development of a novel disposable and low-cost electrochemical platform for detecting the antibiotic ceftriaxone. The screen-printed electrode has been modified with a novel hybrid nanostructure containing silicon oxide (SiO2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (Cdot-N). Different techniques like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy characterized the hybrid nanostructure used in the sensor surface modifier material. The hybrid nanostructure showed an excellent synergistic effect that contributed to the oxidation reaction of ceftriaxone. The screen-printed electrode modified with SiO2/ZrO2/Cdot-N nanostructure presented high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.2 nmol L-1 in the linear range of 0.0078-40.02 μmol L-1. The measurements have been performed by square wave voltammetry technique. Studies on real samples of synthetic urine, urine, and tap water showed 95%-105% recovery without applying any sample pretreatment. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity in the antibiotic ceftriaxone determination in the presence of possible interferences cationic, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and biological, glucose, caffeine, uric acid, and ascorbic acid. The developed sensor becomes a selective, sensitive, and applicable tool in determining the antibiotic ceftriaxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Walison Lima Silva
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luccas L Name
- LabNaHm: Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials Laboratory. Engineering School, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Y Tiba
- LabNaHm: Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials Laboratory. Engineering School, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira Braz
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science & Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Canevari
- LabNaHm: Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials Laboratory. Engineering School, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Cincotto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science & Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil.
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2
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Wang D, Chen Y, Xia T, Claudino M, Melendez A, Ni X, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Citric Acid-Based Intrinsic Band-Shifting Photoluminescent Materials. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0152. [PMID: 37256199 PMCID: PMC10226408 DOI: 10.34133/research.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid, an important metabolite with abundant reactive groups, has been demonstrated as a promising starting material to synthesize diverse photoluminescent materials including small molecules, polymers, and carbon dots. The unique citrate chemistry enables the development of a series of citric acid-based molecules and nanomaterials with intriguing intrinsic band-shifting behavior, where the emission wavelength shifts as the excitation wavelength increases, ideal for chromatic imaging and many other applications. In this review, we discuss the concept of "intrinsic band-shifting photoluminescent materials", introduce the recent advances in citric acid-based intrinsic band-shifting materials, and discuss their potential applications such as chromatic imaging and multimodal sensing. It is our hope that the insightful and forward-thinking discussion in this review will spur the innovation and applications of the unique band-shifting photoluminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yizhu Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tunan Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mariana Claudino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Allison Melendez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences,
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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3
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Xie Y, Liu L, Huang Z, Miao H, Zhaxi W, Duan F, Huang W, Wu D. Multicomponent Anti-Kasha's Rule Emission from Nanotubular Metal-Organic Frameworks for Selective Detection of Small Molecules. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3170-3177. [PMID: 36744794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The peak photoluminescence (PL) of conventional fluorophores is independent of the excitation wavelength (called Kasha's rule), while the search of metal-organic framework materials with the so-called anti-Kasha's rule emission remains very limited. Herein, we report the observation of anti-Kasha's rule emission in a multicomponent PL three-dimensional nanotubular metal-organic framework (abbr. MOF-NT), [Zn(μ-L)(μ-bix)]n·0.33nH2O [H2L = biphenyl-3,5-dicarboxylic acid; bix = 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene]. The MOF-NT crystalline sample represents a notable example of strong excitation-dependent fluorescence from the ultraviolet to the visible spectral region. Moreover, by virtue of electronic flexibility and high PL efficiency, MOF-NT shows a discriminative PL response between isomeric nitroaromatic compounds. The work demonstrated the intrinsic anti-Kasha's rule emission in the crystalline-state MOF materials, providing new visions for the development of advanced solid-state emissive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbin Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Luying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Zetao Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Huixian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Wenjiang Zhaxi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Fengnan Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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4
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Kang H, Kim DY, Cho J. Top-Down Fabrication of Luminescent Graphene Quantum Dots Using Self-Assembled Au Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5885-5892. [PMID: 36816670 PMCID: PMC9933239 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new graphene quantum dot (GQD) fabrication method is presented, which employs a lithographic approach based on self-assembled Au nanoparticles formed by solid-state dewetting. The GQDs are formed by the patterned etching of a graphene layer enabled by Au nanoparticles, and their size is controllable through that of the Au nanoparticles. GQDs are fabricated with four different diameters: 12, 14, 16, and 27 nm. The geometrical features and lattice structures of the GQDs are determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hexagonal lattice fringes in the TEM image and G- and 2D-band Raman scattering evidence the graphitic characteristics of the GQDs. The oxygen content can be controlled by thermal reduction under a hydrogen atmosphere. In GQDs, the absorption peak wavelengths in the ultraviolet range tend to decrease as the size of the GQDs decreases. They also exhibit apparent photoluminescence (PL). The PL peak wavelength is approximately 600 nm and becomes shorter as the size of the GQDs decreases. The blue shift in the optical absorption and PL of the smaller GQDs is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. The proposed GQD fabrication method can provide a way to control the physical and chemical properties of GQDs via their size and oxygen content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoong Kang
- School
of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeong Kim
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jaehee Cho
- School
of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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5
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Graphene quantum dots: synthesis, properties, and applications to the development of optical and electrochemical sensors for chemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:258. [PMID: 35701638 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GQDs exhibits exceptional electrochemical activity owing to their active edge sites that make them very attractive for biosensing applications. However, their use in the design of new biosensing devices for application to the detection and quantification of toxins, pathogens, and clinical biomarkers has so far not investigated in detail. In this regard, herein we provide a detailed review on various methodologies employed for the synthesis of GQDs, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, with a special focus on their applications in biosensing via fluorescence, photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and electrochemical techniques. We believe that this review will shed light on the critical issues and widen the applications of GQDs for the design of biosensors with improved analytical response for future applications. HIGHLIGHTS: • Properties of GQDs play a critical role in biosensing applications. • Synthesis of GQDs using top-down and bottom-up approaches is discussed comprehensively. • Overview of advancements in GQD-based sensors over the last decade. • Methods for the design of selective and sensitive GQD-based sensors. • Challenges and opportunities for future GQD-based sensors.
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6
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Fluorescent Mechanism in Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: A Review. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:887-906. [PMID: 35303239 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have acquired growing interest from different areas over decades. Their fascinating property of tunable fluorescence by changing the excitation wavelength has attracted researchers worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms behind fluorescence is of great importance, as they help with the synthesis and applications, significantly when narrowed down to applications with color-tunable mechanisms. But, due to a lack of practical and theoretical information, the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs remain unknown, preventing the production of CDs with desired optical qualities. This review focuses on the PL mechanisms of carbon dots. The quantum confinement effect determined the carbon core, the surface and edge states determined by various surface defects and the connected functional/chemical groups on the surface/edges, the molecular state solely determined the fluorophores in the interior or surface of the CDs, and the Crosslink Enhanced Emission Effect are the currently confirmed PL mechanisms.
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7
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Tiwari SK, Chen D, Chen Y, Thummavichai K, Ola O, Ma Z, Liu G, Wang N, Zhu Y. N-Doped Graphenelike Nanostructures from p-Nitro Aniline-Based Foam: Formation, Structure, and Applications as a Nanofiller. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3230-3239. [PMID: 35128236 PMCID: PMC8811766 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Production of snake foam based on p-nitro aniline (PNA) was considered fun in old-school chemistry laboratories. Herein, we report the fabrication of a new carbon nanomaterial from PNA-based foam. The resulting material, resembling graphene and consisting of nitrogen heteroatoms, is N-doped graphenelike nanostructures, and their morphology, structure, and stability are comprehensively examined using combined techniques including C-13 NMR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). An optimized route was also established for their large-scale production. Further experimental validation of them as a nanofiller in polymer [SEBS (20 wt %) and paraffin wax (80 wt %)]-based nanocomposites was carried out, and we found that the thermomechanical properties of the nanocomposites were synchronously improved, which was attributed to the enshrouding effect of the nanofiller to the polymer chains. Owing to their good thermomechanical property and low-cost feature, these new nanomaterials can be further explored as a promising candidate for applications in energy storage, catalysis, and CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K. Tiwari
- Guangxi
Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing
Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education,
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Warsaw University, Warsaw 00-927, Poland
| | - Ding Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College
of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, U.K.
| | - Kunyapat Thummavichai
- College
of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PY, U.K.
| | - Oluwafunmilola Ola
- Advanced
Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG27 2RD, U.K.
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Guangxi
Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing
Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education,
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Guangsheng Liu
- Guangxi
Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing
Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education,
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Guangxi
Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing
Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education,
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- Guangxi
Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing
Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education,
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China
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8
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Hayashi S, Tsunemitsu K, Terakawa M. Laser Direct Writing of Graphene Quantum Dots inside a Transparent Polymer. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:775-782. [PMID: 34962395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a promising new class of environmentally friendly quantum dots with unique properties. However, the limitations of synthesis and patterning methods have hindered GQDs from displaying their true potentials to date. Here, we demonstrate the simultaneous synthesis and patterning of GQDs for the first time inside a transparent polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), using femtosecond laser pulses. By focusing and scanning femtosecond laser pulses, arbitrary fluorescent patterns such as a concealed fluorescent QR code can be readily patterned without pre- and/or post-treatment. In addition, the proposed method is applied to the fabrication of fluorescent three-dimensional structures inside a transparent polymer via multiphoton interactions. The proposed method realizes single-stepped and spatially selective patterning of GQDs directly inside polymer substrates and expands the possibilities of GQDs for applications in novel flexible three-dimensional optoelectrical devices.
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9
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Behi M, Gholami L, Naficy S, Palomba S, Dehghani F. Carbon dots: a novel platform for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:353-376. [PMID: 36132691 PMCID: PMC9419304 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a recently synthesised class of carbon-based nanostructures known as zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, which have drawn a great deal of attention owing to their distinctive features, which encompass optical properties (e.g., photoluminescence), ease of passivation, low cost, simple synthetic route, accessibility of precursors and other properties. These newly synthesised nano-sized materials can replace traditional semiconductor quantum dots, which exhibit significant toxicity drawbacks and higher cost. It is demonstrated that their involvement in diverse areas of chemical and bio-sensing, bio-imaging, drug delivery, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and light-emitting devices consider them as flawless and potential candidates for biomedical application. In this review, we provide a classification of CDs within their extended families, an overview of the different methods of CDs preparation, especially from natural sources, i.e., environmentally friendly and their unique photoluminescence properties, thoroughly describing the peculiar aspects of their applications in the biomedical field, where we think they will thrive as the next generation of quantum emitters. We believe that this review covers a niche that was not reviewed by other similar publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Behi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad Iran
| | - Sina Naficy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Stefano Palomba
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
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10
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Shahriar SMS, Nafiujjaman M, An JM, Revuri V, Nurunnabi M, Han DW, Lee YK. Graphene: A Promising Theranostic Agent. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:149-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Wei T, Hauke F, Hirsch A. Evolution of Graphene Patterning: From Dimension Regulation to Molecular Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2104060. [PMID: 34569112 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The realization that nanostructured graphene featuring nanoscale width can confine electrons to open its bandgap has aroused scientists' attention to the regulation of graphene structures, where the concept of graphene patterns emerged. Exploring various effective methods for creating graphene patterns has led to the birth of a new field termed graphene patterning, which has evolved into the most vigorous and intriguing branch of graphene research during the past decade. The efforts in this field have resulted in the development of numerous strategies to structure graphene, affording a variety of graphene patterns with tailored shapes and sizes. The established patterning approaches combined with graphene chemistry yields a novel chemical patterning route via molecular engineering, which opens up a new era in graphene research. In this review, the currently developed graphene patterning strategies is systematically outlined, with emphasis on the chemical patterning. In addition to introducing the basic concepts and the important progress of traditional methods, which are generally categorized into top-down, bottom-up technologies, an exhaustive review of established protocols for emerging chemical patterning is presented. At the end, an outlook for future development and challenges is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advance Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Jeon SB, Samal M, Govindaraju S, Ragini Das R, Yun K. Cytotoxicity and Bioimaging Study for NHDF and HeLa Cell Lines by Using Graphene Quantum Pins. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2550. [PMID: 33353017 PMCID: PMC7766917 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of an interesting graphene quantum material called "graphene quantum pins (GQPs)". Morphological analysis revealed the interesting pin shape (width: ~10 nm, length: 50-100 nm) and spectral analysis elucidated the surface functional groups, structural features, energy levels, and photoluminescence properties (blue emission under 365 nm). The difference between the GQPs and graphene quantum dos (GQDs) isolated from the same reaction mixture as regards to their morphological, structural, and photoluminescence properties are also discussed along with the suggestion of a growth mechanism. Cytotoxicity and cellular responses including changes in biophysical and biomechanical properties were evaluated for possible biomedical applications of GQPs. The studies demonstrated the biocompatibility of GQPs even at a high concentration of 512 μg/mL. Our results suggest GQPs can be used as a potential bio-imaging agent with desired photoluminescence property and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Beom Jeon
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
- School of Environmental and Science Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Monica Samal
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Saravanan Govindaraju
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Rupasree Ragini Das
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
| | - Kyusik Yun
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea or (S.-B.J.); (S.G.); (R.R.D.)
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13
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Kim G, Ma KY, Park M, Kim M, Jeon J, Song J, Barrios-Vargas JE, Sato Y, Lin YC, Suenaga K, Roche S, Yoo S, Sohn BH, Jeon S, Shin HS. Blue emission at atomically sharp 1D heterojunctions between graphene and h-BN. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5359. [PMID: 33097718 PMCID: PMC7585426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19181-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically sharp heterojunctions in lateral two-dimensional heterostructures can provide the narrowest one-dimensional functionalities driven by unusual interfacial electronic states. For instance, the highly controlled growth of patchworks of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) would be a potential platform to explore unknown electronic, thermal, spin or optoelectronic property. However, to date, the possible emergence of physical properties and functionalities monitored by the interfaces between metallic graphene and insulating h-BN remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a blue emitting atomic-resolved heterojunction between graphene and h-BN. Such emission is tentatively attributed to localized energy states formed at the disordered boundaries of h-BN and graphene. The weak blue emission at the heterojunctions in simple in-plane heterostructures of h-BN and graphene can be enhanced by increasing the density of the interface in graphene quantum dots array embedded in the h-BN monolayer. This work suggests that the narrowest, atomically resolved heterojunctions of in-plane two-dimensional heterostructures provides a future playground for optoelectronics. Here, the authors explore the blue photoluminescence signal arising from the interface between graphene and h-BN arranged in in-plane heterostructures, and fabricate a blue light emitting device utilizing the heterojunction as the emitting layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyuk Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinouk Song
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Stephan Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeok Sohn
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,Low Dimensional Carbon Material Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Zhao C, Song X, Liu Y, Fu Y, Ye L, Wang N, Wang F, Li L, Mohammadniaei M, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Liu J. Synthesis of graphene quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:142. [PMID: 33008457 PMCID: PMC7532648 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their applications in drug delivery. To give a brief understanding about the preparation of GQDs, recent advances in methods of GQDs synthesis are first presented. Afterwards, various drug delivery-release modes of GQDs-based drug delivery systems such as EPR-pH delivery-release mode, ligand-pH delivery-release mode, EPR-Photothermal delivery-Release mode, and Core/Shell-photothermal/magnetic thermal delivery-release mode are reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and the prospective application of GQDs in drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Xuebin Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yifeng Fu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lilei Ye
- SHT Smart High-Tech AB, 411 33, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nan Wang
- SHT Smart High-Tech AB, 411 33, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, P. R. China.
| | - Johan Liu
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Automation and Mechanical Engineering, SMIT Center, Shanghai University, No 20, Chengzhong Road, Box 808, ShanghaiShanghai, 201800, China.
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15
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Facile and controllable synthesis N-doping porous Graphene for high-performance Supercapacitor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Moniruzzaman M, Anantha Lakshmi B, Kim S, Kim J. Preparation of shape-specific (trilateral and quadrilateral) carbon quantum dots towards multiple color emission. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11947-11959. [PMID: 32458861 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little progress has been achieved relating to the preparation of shape-specific carbon quantum dots (CQDs) with a well-ordered edge structure and multi-color fluorescence from a single precursor by monitoring and controlling the reaction time. Selecting phloroglucinol (having suitable three-fold symmetry, C3h; symmetry elements: E, C3, C32, σh, S3, S3-1) as a precursor of CQDs is useful for monitoring the shape and structure of CQDs during dehydration mediated controlled growth, which assists to better focus on their formation and PL emission mechanism. We report the rapid synthesis of novel shape-specific (trilateral and quadrilateral) CQDs with multi-color fluorescence emission [blue (B-CQDs), green (G-CQDs), and yellow (Y-CQDs)] by controlling the reaction time. The mechanism of controlled bottom-up growth involves six-membered ring cyclization of the single precursor (phloroglucinol) through the elimination of neighboring active -OH and -H groups in a sulfuric acid medium. Interestingly, wide-range multi-color fluorescence emission of non-nitrogenous CQDs is achieved based on solvatochromism. We consider that the evolution of the tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission can be attributed to both the size of the conjugated domain and oxygen-/sulfur-containing edge electronic states. Furthermore, the multi-color fluorescence CQDs are successfully used as propitious fluorescent probes for multi-color cell (HeLa) and zebra fish larvae imaging owing to an effective intracellular distribution and good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Buddolla Anantha Lakshmi
- Department of Bio-nanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bio-nanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 1342, Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Deng M, Cao X, Guo L, Cao H, Wen Z, Mao C, Zuo K, Chen X, Yu X, Yuan W. Graphene quantum dots: efficient mechanosynthesis, white-light and broad linear excitation-dependent photoluminescence and growth inhibition of bladder cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2308-2316. [PMID: 32016190 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications as luminescent materials and in biology. In this work, we developed a solvent-free gram-scale mechanochemical method for the preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) with the highest solubility (31 mg mL-1) in water reported to date. Commercial graphite was sheared and cut through grinding with solid melamine and then ground with solid KOH to get sub-5 nm-sized, 1-3-layered N-GQDs. Notably, these N-GQDs exhibit white-light emission and broad excitation-dependent full-color photoluminescence from 463 nm to 672 nm. When the excitation light ranged from 325 nm to 485 nm, these mechanochemically obtained N-GQDs exhibited bright white-light emission. Intriguingly, the change in the emission wavelength has two-stage linear relationships with the change in the excitation wavelength, and the inflection point is at 580 nm (excited at 550 nm). The difference between the emission and excitation wavelengths decreases from 138 to 12 nm, which also shows two-stage linear relationships with the change in the excitation wavelength. It is notable that their PL quantum yields are high, up to 26.6%. Furthermore, we studied the inhibitory effect of as-obtained N-GQDs on bladder cancer cells (UMUC-3); as a result, with the increase of the concentration of N-GQDs, the proliferation of cancer cells was obviously prohibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Deng
- School of Enviromental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
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18
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Emissive carbon dots derived from natural liquid fuels and its biological sensing for copper ions. Talanta 2020; 208:120375. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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19
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Tajik S, Dourandish Z, Zhang K, Beitollahi H, Le QV, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Carbon and graphene quantum dots: a review on syntheses, characterization, biological and sensing applications for neurotransmitter determination. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15406-15429. [PMID: 35495425 PMCID: PMC9052380 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00799d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-transmitters have been considered to be essential biochemical molecules, which monitor physiological and behavioral function in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, it is of high pharmaceutical and biological significance to analyze neuro-transmitters in the biological samples. So far, researchers have devised a lot of techniques for assaying these samples. It has been found that electro-chemical sensors possess features of robustness, selectivity, and sensitivity as well as real-time measurement. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon QDs (CQDs) are considered some of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials at the forefront of this research area. This is due to their characteristics including lower toxicity, higher solubility in various solvents, great electronic features, strong chemical inertness, high specific surface areas, plenty of edge sites for functionalization, and versatility, in addition to their ability to be modified via absorbent surface chemicals and the addition of modifiers or nano-materials. Hence in the present review, the synthesis methods of GQDs and CQDs has been summarized and their characterization methods also been analyzed. The applications of carbon-based QDs (GQDs and CQDs) in biological and sensing areas, such as biological imaging, drug/gene delivery, antibacterial and antioxidant activity, photoluminescence sensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors and electrochemical sensors, have also been discussed. This study then covers sensing features of key neurotransmitters, including dopamine, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin and acetylcholine. Hence, issues and challenges of the GQDs and CQDs were analyzed for their further development. Carbon and graphene quantum dots for biological and sensing applications of neurotransmitters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Zahra Dourandish
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department
- Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences
- Graduate University of Advanced Technology
- Kerman
- Iran
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Da Nang 550000
- Vietnam
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
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20
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Xia C, Zhu S, Feng T, Yang M, Yang B. Evolution and Synthesis of Carbon Dots: From Carbon Dots to Carbonized Polymer Dots. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901316. [PMID: 31832313 PMCID: PMC6891914 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the various synthesis methods to obtain carbon dots (CDs), the bottom-up methods are still the most widely administrated route to afford large-scale and low-cost synthesis. However, as CDs are developed with increasing reports involved in producing many CDs, the structure and property features have changed enormously compared with the first generation of CDs, raising classification concerns. To this end, a new classification of CDs, named carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), is summarized according to the analysis of structure and property features. Here, CPDs are revealed as an emerging class of CDs with distinctive polymer/carbon hybrid structures and properties. Furthermore, deep insights into the effects of synthesis on the structure/property features of CDs are provided. Herein, the synthesis methods of CDs are also summarized in detail, and the effects of synthesis conditions of the bottom-up methods in terms of the structures and properties of CPDs are discussed and analyzed comprehensively. Insights into formation process and nucleation mechanism of CPDs are also offered. Finally, a perspective of the future development of CDs is proposed with critical insights into facilitating their potential in various application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and NanomedicineNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNational Institutes of Health35 Convent DrBethesda20892MDUSA
| | - Tanglue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Mingxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and MaterialsCollege of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun130012P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OpticsChangchun Institute of OpticsFine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130033P. R. China
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21
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García‐Miranda Ferrari A, Brownson DAC, Banks CE. Investigating the Integrity of Graphene towards the Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García‐Miranda Ferrari
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Dale A. C. Brownson
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
- Manchester Fuel Cell Innovation CentreManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
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22
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Lee SH, Kim DY, Lee J, Lee SB, Han H, Kim YY, Mun SC, Im SH, Kim TH, Park OO. Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Hexagonal Graphene Quantum Dots from Solution Chemistry. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5437-5442. [PMID: 31274324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based carbon nanostructures with nanometer dimensions have been of great interest due to the existence of a bandgap. So far, well-ordered edge structure and uniformly synthesized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a hexagonal single-crystalline structure have not been directly observed owing to the limited precision of current synthesis approaches. Herein, we report on a novel approach not just for the synthesis of the size-controlled single-crystalline GQDs with hexagonal shape but also for a new discovery on constructing 2D and 3D graphene single crystal structures from d-glucose via catalytic solution chemistry. With size-controlled single-crystalline GQDs, we elucidated the crucial role of edge states on luminescence from the correlation between their crystalline size and exciton lifetime. Furthermore, blue-emissive single-crystalline GQDs were used as an emitter on light-emitting diodes and exhibit stable deep-blue emission regardless of the voltage and doping level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Graduate Program) , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
| | - Do Youb Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Seul Bee Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Hyun Han
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Young Yun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Graduate Program) , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114 , South Korea
| | - Sung Cik Mun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Graduate Program) , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Sang Hyuk Im
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , South Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Inorganic Material Laboratory , Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do 16678 , South Korea
| | - O Ok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Graduate Program) , KAIST , Daejeon 34141 , South Korea
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23
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A scalable nano-engineering method to synthesize 3D-graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid fibers for supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Semeniuk M, Yi Z, Poursorkhabi V, Tjong J, Jaffer S, Lu ZH, Sain M. Future Perspectives and Review on Organic Carbon Dots in Electronic Applications. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6224-6255. [PMID: 31145587 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the span of the past decade, carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from renewable organic resources (organic CDs) have gathered a considerable amount of attention for their photoluminescent properties. This review will focus on organic CDs synthesized using clean chemistry and conventional synthetic chemistry from organic sources and their fluorescence mechanisms, such as quantum confinement effect and surface/edge defects, before outlining their performance in electronic applications, including organic photovoltaic devices, organic light-emitting devices, biosensors, supercapacitors, and batteries. The various organic resources and methods of organic CDs synthesis are briefly covered. Many challenges remain before the adoption of CDs can become widespread; their characterization, structure, functionality, and exact photoluminescent mechanism all require additional research. This review aims to summarize the current research outcomes and highlight the area where further research is needed to fully use these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Semeniuk
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry , University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B3 , Canada
| | - Zhihui Yi
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry , University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B3 , Canada
| | - Vida Poursorkhabi
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry , University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B3 , Canada
| | - Jimi Tjong
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry , University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B3 , Canada
| | - Shaffiq Jaffer
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry , University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B3 , Canada
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , University of Toronto , 184 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3A1 , Canada
| | - Mohini Sain
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry , University of Toronto , 33 Willcocks Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B3 , Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3G8 , Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT) , 100029 Beijing , P.R. China
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Vatanparast M, Shariatinia Z. Revealing the role of different nitrogen functionalities in the drug delivery performance of graphene quantum dots: a combined density functional theory and molecular dynamics approach. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6156-6171. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of different N-functionalities was investigated on the drug delivery performance of N-GQDs. Results suggested that the center N-GQD had a better performance than the pristine and edge N-GQDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Vatanparast
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Zahra Shariatinia
- Department of Chemistry
- Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)
- Tehran
- Iran
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27
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Li Z, Zhang X, Liu C, Guo J, Cui H, Shen L, Guo W. Toward Efficient Carbon-Dots-Based Electron-Extraction Layer Through Surface Charge Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40255-40264. [PMID: 30387598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the low conductivity and parasitic inherent drawback of polyelectrolyte electron transfer layer (ETL), the polymer-functionalized carbon nanodots (C-dots) are used as ETL in the inverted organic solar cells. The prepared C-dots with high luminescent property can absorb the ultraviolet light and convert them into low-energy photons, which may be harvested by the active layer. Moreover, the light-induced filling and release of local states can suppress the leakage current and facilitate electron extraction of the cathode. Consequently, the champion power conversion efficiency of 9.53% for poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4- b]thiophenediyl]]:[6,6]-phenyl-C70-butyric acid methyl ester device is achieved. This work presents a new strategy to employ low-cost carbon nanomaterials to facilitate the electron transport and collection of organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Houxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , People's Republic of China
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28
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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and its derivatives for multifarious photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Kaur M, Kaur M, Sharma VK. Nitrogen-doped graphene and graphene quantum dots: A review onsynthesis and applications in energy, sensors and environment. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 259:44-64. [PMID: 30032930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Doping of nitrogen is a promising strategy to modulate chemical, electronic, and structural functionalities of graphene (G)and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for their outstanding properties in energy and environmental applications.This paper reviews various synthesis approaches of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs).;Thermal, ultrasonic, solvothermal, hydrothermal, and electron-beam methods have been applied to synthesize N-G and N-GQDs.These nitrogen-doped carbon materials are characterized to obtain their structural configurations in order to achieve better performance in their applications compared to only either graphene or graphene quantum dots.Both N-G and N-GQDs may be converted into functional materials by integrating with other compounds such as metal oxides/nitrides, polymers, and semiconductors.These functional materials demonstrate superior performance over N-G and N-GQDs materials.Examples of applications of N-G and N-GQDs include supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photocatalyst.
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30
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Choi J, Kim N, Oh JW, Kim FS. Bandgap engineering of nanosized carbon dots through electron-accepting functionalization. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Martín-Pacheco A, Del Río Castillo AE, Martín C, Herrero MA, Merino S, García Fierro JL, Díez-Barra E, Vázquez E. Graphene Quantum Dot-Aerogel: From Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Fluorescent Materials. Sensing Polyaromatic Compounds in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18192-18201. [PMID: 29733189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence based on quantum confinement is a property restricted to the nanoscopic range. The incorporation of nanoparticles in a three-dimensional polymeric network could afford macroscopic scaffolds that show nanoscopic properties. Moreover, if these scaffolds are based on strong bonds, the stability of the resulting materials can be preserved, thus enhancing their final applications. We report for the first time the preparation of a graphene quantum dot (GQD) composite based on a cationic covalent network. This new material has unusual features: (i) the final composite remains stable after several swelling-deswelling cycles, thus demonstrating strong interactions between GQDs and the polymeric material, and therefore it could be used as a portable system. (ii) Fluorescence emission in the composite and in solution is quasi-independent to the excitation wavelength. (iii) However, and in contrast to the behavior observed in GQD solutions, the fluorescence of the composite remains unaltered over a wide pH range and in the presence of different ions commonly found in tap water. (iv) Fluorescence quenching is only observed as a consequence of molecules that bear aromatic systems, and this could be applied to the preparation of in situ water sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Pacheco
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | | | - Cristina Martín
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - María Antonia Herrero
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Sonia Merino
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | | | - Enrique Díez-Barra
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas , Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , 13071 Ciudad Real , Spain
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32
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Shen C, Barrios E, Zhai L. Bulk Polymer-Derived Ceramic Composites of Graphene Oxide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:4006-4016. [PMID: 31458637 PMCID: PMC6641334 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bulk polymer-derived ceramic (PDC) composites of SiCO with an embedded graphene network were produced using graphene-coated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foams as templates. The pyrolysis of green bodies containing cross-linked polysiloxane, PVA foams, and graphene oxide (GO) resulted in the decomposition of PVA foams, compression of GO layers, and formation of graphitic domains adjacent to GO within the SiCO composite, leading to SiCO composites with an embedded graphene network. The SiCO/GO composite, with about 1.5% GO in the ceramic matrix, offered an increase in the electrical conductivity by more than 4 orders of magnitude compared to that of pure SiCO ceramics. Additionally, the unique graphene network in the SiCO demonstrated a drop in the observed thermal conductivity of the composite (∼0.8 W m-1 K-1). Young's modulus of the as-fabricated SiCO/GO composites was found to be around 210 MPa, which is notably higher than the reported values for similar composites fabricated from only ceramic precursors and PVA foams. The present approach demonstrates a facile and cost-effective method of producing bulk PDC composites with high electrical conductivity, good thermal stability, and low thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United
States
- Department of Material Science
and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of
Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Elizabeth Barrios
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United
States
- Department of Material Science
and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of
Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Lei Zhai
- NanoScience
Technology Center, University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, United
States
- Department of Material Science
and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of
Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
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33
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Zhang S, Sui L, Dong H, He W, Dong L, Yu L. High-Performance Supercapacitor of Graphene Quantum Dots with Uniform Sizes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:12983-12991. [PMID: 29569891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with uniform sizes of less than 5 nm are synthesized by a novel top-down strategy. Nitric acid as a strong oxidant can be used to cut graphene oxide via sonication and hydrothermal processes. Moreover, purified GQDs are obtained from removing oxygen-containing functional groups in a heat treatment process. Both nanoscale size and edge effect of GQDs improve their abundant active sites and restrain the restack of graphene nanosheets. Meanwhile, their electrochemical performance demonstrates the properties of the GQDs for practical application in energy storage. The GQD electrode material shows an ideal electric double-layer capacitance behavior such as a high specific capacitance of 296.7 F g-1, a satisfactory energy density of 41.2 W h kg-1 at 1 A g-1, a low internal resistance, a small relaxation time, and an excellent cycling stability. The results illustrate excellent electrochemical activity, high conductivity, and enhanced ion transport rate on the surface of electrolyte and electrode. The advantages of GQDs confirm their unique characteristics for potential applications in the field of electrode materials for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Lina Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Hongzhou Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Wenbo He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Qingdao University of Science and Technology , Qingdao 266042 P. R. China
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34
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Tuning electronic properties in graphene quantum dots by chemical functionalization: Density functional theory calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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35
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Zhang R, Ding Z. Recent Advances in Graphene Quantum Dots as Bioimaging Probes. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-018-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Tang R, Han S, Teng F, Hu K, Zhang Z, Hu M, Fang X. Size-Controlled Graphene Nanodot Arrays/ZnO Hybrids for High-Performance UV Photodetectors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700334. [PMID: 29375965 PMCID: PMC5770666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanodots (GNDs) are one of the most attractive graphene nanostructures due to their tunable optoelectronic properties. Fabricated by polystyrene-nanosphere lithography, uniformly sized graphene nanodots array (GNDA) is constructed as an ultraviolet photodetector (PD) with ZnO nanofilm spin coated on it. The size of GNDA can be well controlled from 45 to 20 nm varying the etching time. It is revealed in the study that the photoelectric properties of ZnO/GNDA PD are highly GNDA size-dependent. The highest responsivity (R) and external quantum efficiency of ZnO/GNDA (20 nm) PD are 22.55 mA W-1 and 9.32%, almost twofold of that of ZnO PD. Both ZnO/GNDA (20 nm) PD and ZnO/GNDA (30 nm) PD exhibit much faster response speed under on/off switching light and have shorter rise/decay time compared with ZnO PD. However, as the size of GNDA increase to 45 nm, the PD appears poor performance. The size-dependent phenomenon can be explained by the energy band alignments in ZnO/GNDA hybrids. These efforts reveal the enhancement of GNDs on traditional photodetectors with tunable optoelectronic properties and hold great potential to pave a new way to explore the various remarkable photodetection performances by controlling the size of the nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruidie Tang
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Sancan Han
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093P. R. China
| | - Feng Teng
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Mingxiang Hu
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
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37
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Yan H, Xie Y, Jiao Y, Wu A, Tian C, Zhang X, Wang L, Fu H. Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide Coupled with an Mo 2 N-Mo 2 C Heterojunction for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704156. [PMID: 29164704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An in situ catalytic etching strategy is developed to fabricate holey reduced graphene oxide along with simultaneous coupling with a small-sized Mo2 N-Mo2 C heterojunction (Mo2 N-Mo2 C/HGr). The method includes the first immobilization of H3 PMo12 O40 (PMo12 ) clusters on graphite oxide (GO), followed by calcination in air and NH3 to form Mo2 N-Mo2 C/HGr. PMo12 not only acts as the Mo heterojunction source, but also provides the Mo species that can in situ catalyze the decomposition of adjacent reduced GO to form HGr, while the released gas (CO) and introduced NH3 simultaneously react with the Mo species to form an Mo2 N-Mo2 C heterojunction on HGr. The hybrid exhibits superior activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction with low onset potentials of 11 mV (0.5 m H2 SO4 ) and 18 mV (1 m KOH) as well as remarkable stability. The activity in alkaline media is also superior to Pt/C at large current densities (>88 mA cm-2 ). The good activity of Mo2 N-Mo2 C/HGr is ascribed to its small size, the heterojunction of Mo2 N-Mo2 C, and the good charge/mass-transfer ability of HGr, as supported by a series of experiments and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yanqing Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chungui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Honggang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
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38
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39
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Jin HM, Park DY, Jeong SJ, Lee GY, Kim JY, Mun JH, Cha SK, Lim J, Kim JS, Kim KH, Lee KJ, Kim SO. Flash Light Millisecond Self-Assembly of High χ Block Copolymers for Wafer-Scale Sub-10 nm Nanopatterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700595. [PMID: 28635174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges encountered in successful incorporation of directed self-assembly in sub-10 nm scale practical nanolithography is the process compatibility of block copolymers with a high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ). Herein, reliable, fab-compatible, and ultrafast directed self-assembly of high-χ block copolymers is achieved with intense flash light. The instantaneous heating/quenching process over an extremely high temperature (over 600 °C) by flash light irradiation enables large grain growth of sub-10 nm scale self-assembled nanopatterns without thermal degradation or dewetting in a millisecond time scale. A rapid self-assembly mechanism for a highly ordered morphology is identified based on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the block copolymers with strong segregation. Furthermore, this novel self-assembly mechanism is combined with graphoepitaxy to demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast directed self-assembly of sub-10 nm nanopatterns over a large area. A chemically modified graphene film is used as a flexible and conformal light-absorbing layer. Subsequently, transparent and mechanically flexible nanolithography with a millisecond photothermal process is achieved leading the way for roll-to-roll processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Min Jin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Jeong
- Device Laboratory, Device & System Research Center, Samsung Advanced Institute and Technology, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Mun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Keun Cha
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Lim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Jae Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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40
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Wei G, Czaplewski DA, Lenferink EJ, Stanev TK, Jung IW, Stern NP. Size-tunable Lateral Confinement in Monolayer Semiconductors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3324. [PMID: 28607443 PMCID: PMC5468254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional confinement allows semiconductor quantum dots to exhibit size-tunable electronic and optical properties that enable a wide range of opto-electronic applications from displays, solar cells and bio-medical imaging to single-electron devices. Additional modalities such as spin and valley properties in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides provide further degrees of freedom requisite for information processing and spintronics. In nanostructures, however, spatial confinement can cause hybridization that inhibits the robustness of these emergent properties. Here, we show that laterally-confined excitons in monolayer MoS2 nanodots can be created through top-down nanopatterning with controlled size tunability. Unlike chemically-exfoliated monolayer nanoparticles, the lithographically patterned monolayer semiconductor nanodots down to a radius of 15 nm exhibit the same valley polarization as in a continuous monolayer sheet. The inherited bulk spin and valley properties, the size dependence of excitonic energies, and the ability to fabricate MoS2 nanostructures using semiconductor-compatible processing suggest that monolayer semiconductor nanodots have potential to be multimodal building blocks of integrated optoelectronics and spintronics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Wei
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - David A Czaplewski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Erik J Lenferink
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Il Woong Jung
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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41
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Lin PC, Chen YR, Hsu KT, Lin TN, Tung KL, Shen JL, Liu WR. Nano-sized graphene flakes: insights from experimental synthesis and first principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6338-6344. [PMID: 28059408 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a cost-effective method for preparing graphene nano-flakes (GNFs) derived from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via three steps (pressing, homogenization and sonication exfoliation processes). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), laser scattering, as well as ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out. The results indicated that the size of as-synthesized GNFs was approximately 40-50 nm. Furthermore, we also used first principles calculations to understand the transformation from CNTs to GNFs from the viewpoints of the edge formation energies of GNFs in different shapes and sizes. The corresponding photoluminescence measurements of GNFs were carried out in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chun Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Rui Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Kuei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Army Academy, Chungli 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Neng Lin
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Lun Tung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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42
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Kaplan A, Yuan Z, Benck JD, Govind Rajan A, Chu XS, Wang QH, Strano MS. Current and future directions in electron transfer chemistry of graphene. Chem Soc Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The participation of graphene in electron transfer chemistry, where an electron is transferred between graphene and other species, encompasses many important processes that have shown versatility and potential for use in important applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kaplan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Jesse D. Benck
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Ananth Govind Rajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Ximo S. Chu
- Materials Science and Engineering
- School for Engineering of Matter
- Transport and Energy
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
| | - Qing Hua Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering
- School for Engineering of Matter
- Transport and Energy
- Arizona State University
- Tempe
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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43
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Arias-Zapata J, Ferrah D, Garnier J, Böhme S, Mouray O, Okuno H, Cunge G, Zelsmann M. Graphene structuration by self-assembly of high-χ block copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Guo R, Li T, Shi S. Electron transition pathways of graphene oxide quantum dots unraveled by emission wavelength dependent photoluminescence lifetime. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive insight into the electron transition pathways of GOQDs is gained by the dependence of photoluminescence lifetime on emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyan Guo
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering
- Zhoukou Normal University
- Zhoukou
- China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Technology and Physics
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou 450002
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuie Shi
- College of Electronic and Electrical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang
- China
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45
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Iannazzo D, Ziccarelli I, Pistone A. Graphene quantum dots: multifunctional nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6471-6489. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00747g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent advances in the application of GQDs as innovative nanoplatforms for anticancer therapy and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iannazzo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
| | - Ida Ziccarelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria
- University of Messina
- Contrada Di Dio
- Italy
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46
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Wang Z, Li J, Tang F, Lin J, Jin Z. Polydopamine nanotubes-templated synthesis of TiO2 and its photocatalytic performance under visible light. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As templates for generation of TiO2 photocatalysts, polydopamine nanotubes can provide codopants (carbon and nitrogen) and graphene-like carbon coverings simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- People's Republic of China
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47
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Ciesielski A, Haar S, Aliprandi A, El Garah M, Tregnago G, Cotella GF, El Gemayel M, Richard F, Sun H, Cacialli F, Bonaccorso F, Samorì P. Modifying the Size of Ultrasound-Induced Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene: From Nanosheets to Nanodots. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10768-10777. [PMID: 28024344 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-induced liquid-phase exfoliation (UILPE) is an established method to produce single- (SLG) and few-layer (FLG) graphene nanosheets starting from graphite as a precursor. In this paper we investigate the effect of the ultrasonication power in the UILPE process carried out in either N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB). Our experimental results reveal that while the SLGs/FLGs concentration of the NMP dispersions is independent of the power of the ultrasonic bath during the UILPE process, in o-DCB it decreases as the ultrasonication power increases. Moreover, the ultrasonication power has a strong influence on the lateral size of the exfoliated SLGs/FLGs nanosheets in o-DCB. In particular, when UILPE is carried out at ∼600 W, we obtain dispersions composed of graphene nanosheets with a lateral size of 180 nm, whereas at higher power (∼1000 W) we produce graphene nanodots (GNDs) with an average diameter of ∼17 nm. The latter nanostructures exhibit a strong and almost excitation-independent photoluminescence emission in the UV/deep-blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum arising from the GNDs' intrinsic states and a less intense (and strongly excitation wavelength dependent) emission in the green/red region attributed to defect states. Notably, we also observe visible emission with near-infrared excitation at 850 and 900 nm, a fingerprint of the presence of up-conversion processes. Overall, our results highlight the crucial importance of the solvent choice for the UILPE process, which under controlled experimental conditions allows the fine-tuning of the morphological properties, such as lateral size and thickness, of the graphene nanosheets toward the realization of luminescent GNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ciesielski
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Haar
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessandro Aliprandi
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed El Garah
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Giulia Tregnago
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (CMMP Group) and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni F Cotella
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (CMMP Group) and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Mirella El Gemayel
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fanny Richard
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Cacialli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy (CMMP Group) and London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) and International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry (icFRC), Université de Strasbourg and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) , 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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48
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The New Graphene Family Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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49
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Cummins C, Ghoshal T, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Strategies for Inorganic Incorporation using Neat Block Copolymer Thin Films for Etch Mask Function and Nanotechnological Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5586-618. [PMID: 26749571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) and their directed self-assembly (DSA) has emerged as a realizable complementary tool to aid optical patterning of device elements for future integrated circuit advancements. Methods to enhance BCP etch contrast for DSA application and further potential applications of inorganic nanomaterial features (e.g., semiconductor, dielectric, metal and metal oxide) are examined. Strategies to modify, infiltrate and controllably deposit inorganic materials by utilizing neat self-assembled BCP thin films open a rich design space to fabricate functional features in the nanoscale regime. An understanding and overview on innovative ways for the selective inclusion/infiltration or deposition of inorganic moieties in microphase separated BCP nanopatterns is provided. Early initial inclusion methods in the field and exciting contemporary reports to further augment etch contrast in BCPs for pattern transfer application are described. Specifically, the use of evaporation and sputtering methods, atomic layer deposition, sequential infiltration synthesis, metal-salt inclusion and aqueous metal reduction methodologies forming isolated nanofeatures are highlighted in di-BCP systems. Functionalities and newly reported uses for electronic and non-electronic technologies based on the inherent properties of incorporated inorganic nanostructures using di-BCP templates are highlighted. We outline the potential for extension of incorporation methods to triblock copolymer features for more diverse applications. Challenges and emerging areas of interest for inorganic infiltration of BCPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cian Cummins
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tandra Ghoshal
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Justin D Holmes
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Materials Chemistry and Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael A Morris
- Materials Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- AMBER@CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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50
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Yoon H, Chang YH, Song SH, Lee ES, Jin SH, Park C, Lee J, Kim BH, Kang HJ, Kim YH, Jeon S. Intrinsic Photoluminescence Emission from Subdomained Graphene Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5255-5261. [PMID: 27153519 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) origin of bright blue emission arising from intrinsic states in graphene quantum dots (GQDs) is investigated. The bright PL of intercalatively acquired GQDs is attributed to favorably formed subdomains composed of four to seven carbon hexagons. Random and harsh oxidation which hinders the energetically favorable formation of subdomains causes weak and redshifted PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Chang
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Song
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, Chungnam, 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sup Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanae Park
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsup Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Kang
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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