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Ghosh D, Roy K, Sarkar K, Devi P, Kumar P. Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Carbon Dot-Embellished Multifaceted Si(111) Nanoheterostructure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28792-28800. [PMID: 32441503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the excellent electronic properties, Si is a well-established semiconducting material for PV technology. However, slow kinetics and a fast corroding nature make Si inefficient for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Herein, we demonstrate a multifacet Si nanowire (SiNW) decorated with surface plasmon-enhanced carbon quantum dots (AuCQDs) as efficient, stable, economical, and scalable photocathodes (PCs) for HER. The PEC performance of SiNW_AuCQDs has more than a fourfold efficiency enhancement than the pristine SiNW, which we have attributed to the combined effect of enhanced solar absorption and efficient carrier transport. The optimized PC SiNW_AuCQDs results in the highest photocurrent ∼1.7 mA/cm2, an applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency of ∼0.8%, and H2 gas evolution rate of ∼182.93 μmol·h-1. Furthermore, these SiNW_AuCQDs PCs provide extraordinary stability under continuous operating conditions with 1 sun illumination (100 mW/cm2). The process-line compatible fabrication process of these PCs will open a new direction at the wafer-level designing of a heterostructure for large-scale solar-fuel conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Ghosh
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - K Sarkar
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Pooja Devi
- Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Sector-30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yude Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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3
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He L, Zhou W, Hong L, Wei D, Wang G, Shi X, Shen S. Cascading Interfaces Enable n-Si Photoanodes for Efficient and Stable Solar Water Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2278-2285. [PMID: 31002523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces with multifunctions for promoted solid/solid interfacial charge-transfer dynamics and accelerated solid/electrolyte interfacial water redox reaction kinetics are determinative for the photoelectrodes achieving high performances for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this work, well-designed cascading interfaces are introduced in the n-Si photoanode, which is effectively protected by an atomic layer-deposited CoO x thin layer for stabilizing the n-Si photoanode and then coated with an earth-abundant NiCuO x layer for catalyzing the water oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the formed n-Si/CoO x/NiCuO x triple junction could generate a large band bending to provide a considerable photovoltage for promoting the photoinduced charge-transfer and separation processes at the n-Si/CoO x/NiCuO x cascading interfaces. Moreover, at the NiCuO x/electrolyte interface, an in situ electrochemically formed NiCu(OH) x/NiOOH active layer facilitates the water oxidation reaction kinetics. This study demonstrates an alternative approach to stabilize and catalyze n-Si-based photoanodes with cascading interfaces for efficient solar water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun He
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Hong
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on LRE , Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute , Shaanxi 710100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Daixing Wei
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxu Wang
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on LRE , Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute , Shaanxi 710100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Shi
- National Key Lab of Science and Technology on LRE , Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute , Shaanxi 710100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Shaanxi 710049 , People's Republic of China
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4
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Zhang S, Yin C, Kang Z, Wu P, Wu J, Zhang Z, Liao Q, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Graphdiyne Nanowall for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance of Si Heterojunction Photoanode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2745-2749. [PMID: 30067016 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY), a new member of 2D carbon material family, was introduced into a Si heterojunction (SiHJ)-based photoelectrochemical water splitting cell. With assistance of magnetron-sputtered NiOx, the plateau photocurrent density of SiHJ/GDY/NiO x-10 nm with optimized NiO x film thickness was twice higher than that of SiHJ/NiO x-10 nm, demonstrating the catalytic function of GDY itself as well as the synergistic effect between GDY and NiO x. The results verified that GDY is a promising photoelectrode material candidate to realize highly efficient PEC performance, and pave a novel pathway to further improve Si-based PEC system.
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5
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Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Reaction using Electrodeposited Co3Se4 Catalyst. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising field for sustainable energy production using hydrogen. Development of efficient catalysts is essential for resourceful hydrogen production. The most efficient catalysts reported to date have been extremely precious rare-earth metals. One of the biggest hurdles in this research area is the difficulty of developing highly efficient catalysts comparable to the noble metal catalysts. Here, we report that non-noble metal dichalcogenide (Co3Se4) catalysts made using a facile one-pot electrodeposition method, showed highly efficient photoelectrochemical activity on a Si photocathode. To enhance light collection and enlarge its surface area even further, we implemented surface nanostructuring on the Si surface. The nanostructured Si photoelectrode has an effective area greater than that of planar silicon and a wider absorption spectrum. Consequently, this approach exhibits reduced overvoltage as well as increased photo-catalytic activity. Such results show the importance of controlling the optimized interface between the surface structure of the photoelectrode and the electrodeposited co-catalyst on it to improve catalytic activity. This should enable other electrochemical reactions in a variety of energy conversion systems.
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6
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Cai Q, Hong W, Jian C, Li J, Liu W. Insulator Layer Engineering toward Stable Si Photoanode for Efficient Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wenting Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanyong Jian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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7
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Zheng J, Lyu Y, Xie C, Wang R, Tao L, Wu H, Zhou H, Jiang S, Wang S. Defect-Enhanced Charge Separation and Transfer within Protection Layer/Semiconductor Structure of Photoanodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801773. [PMID: 29920801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) requires a protection layer to maintain stable and long-time photoanodic reaction. However, poor charge separation and transfer are key constraint factors in protection layer/Si photoanodes that reduce their water-splitting efficiency. Here, a simultaneous enhancement of charge separation and transfer in Nb-doped NiOx /Ni/black-Si photoanodes induced by plasma treatment is reported. The optimized photoanodes yield the highest charge-separation efficiency (ηsep ) of ≈81% at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, corresponding to the photocurrent density of ≈29.1 mA cm-2 . On the basis of detailed characterizations, the concentration and species of oxygen defects in the NiOx -based layer are adjusted by synergistic effect of Nb doping and plasma treatment, which are the dominating factors for forming suitable band structure and providing a favorable hole-migration channel. This work elucidates the important role of oxygen defects on charge separation and transfer in the protection layer/Si-based photoelectrochemical systems and is encouraging for application of this synergistic strategy to other candidate photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Ruilun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Huaijuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Sanping Jiang
- Fuels and Energy Technology Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
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8
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Bae D, Seger B, Vesborg PCK, Hansen O, Chorkendorff I. Strategies for stable water splitting via protected photoelectrodes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1933-1954. [PMID: 28246670 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00918b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar-fuel conversion is a promising approach to provide clean and storable fuel (e.g., hydrogen and methanol) directly from sunlight, water and CO2. However, major challenges still have to be overcome before commercialization can be achieved. One of the largest barriers to overcome is to achieve a stable PEC reaction in either strongly basic or acidic electrolytes without degradation of the semiconductor photoelectrodes. In this work, we discuss fundamental aspects of protection strategies for achieving stable solid/liquid interfaces. We then analyse the charge transfer mechanism through the protection layers for both photoanodes and photocathodes. In addition, we review protection layer approaches and their stabilities for a wide variety of experimental photoelectrodes for water reduction. Finally, we discuss key aspects which should be addressed in continued work on realizing stable and practical PEC solar water splitting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Bae
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Brian Seger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Ole Hansen
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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9
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He L, Zhou W, Cai D, Mao SS, Sun K, Shen S. Pulsed laser-deposited n-Si/NiOx photoanodes for stable and efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrocatalytic nickel oxide thin layer was deposited on an n-Si substrate for efficient and stable solar water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun He
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE)
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU)
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Wu Zhou
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE)
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU)
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Dongping Cai
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE)
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU)
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Samuel S. Mao
- Samuel Mao Institute of New Energy
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of California at Berkeley
| | - Ke Sun
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy (IRCRE)
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (MFPE)
- Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU)
- Xi'an
- China
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10
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Ding C, Shi J, Wang Z, Li C. Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting: Significance of Cocatalysts, Electrolyte, and Interfaces. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
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11
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12
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Protection of inorganic semiconductors for sustained, efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Pareek A, Paik P, Borse PH. Stable hydrogen generation from Ni- and Co-based co-catalysts in supported CdS PEC cell. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11120-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schematic summarizing CdS photoanode modification by nano Ni(OH)2, NiO, Co(OH)2, and Co3O4 water-oxidation co-catalysts resulting in enhancement of stability of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell electrodes for >8 h. The NiO modified photoanode yields large PEC H2-evolution of 2.5 mmol h−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Pareek
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials
- Hyderabad
- India
- School of Engineering Science and Technology
- University of Hyderabad
| | - Pradip Paik
- School of Engineering Science and Technology
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad-500046
- India
| | - Pramod H. Borse
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials
- Hyderabad
- India
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14
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Singh A, Fekete M, Gengenbach T, Simonov AN, Hocking RK, Chang SLY, Rothmann M, Powar S, Fu D, Hu Z, Wu Q, Cheng YB, Bach U, Spiccia L. Catalytic Activity and Impedance Behavior of Screen-Printed Nickel Oxide as Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:4266-4274. [PMID: 26617200 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report that films screen printed from nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and microballs are efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation under near-neutral and alkaline conditions. Investigations of the composition and structure of the screen-printed films by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the material was present as the cubic NiO phase. Comparison of the catalytic activity of the microball films to that of films fabricated by using NiO nanoparticles, under similar experimental conditions, revealed that the microball films outperform nanoparticle films of similar thickness owing to a more porous structure and higher surface area. A thinner, less-resistive NiO nanoparticle film, however, was found to have higher activity per Ni atom. Anodization in borate buffer significantly improved the activity of all three films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that during anodization, a mixed nickel oxyhydroxide phase formed on the surface of all films, which could account for the improved activity. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that surface traps contribute significantly to the resistance of the NiO films. On anodization, the trap state resistance of all films was reduced, which led to significant improvements in activity. In 1.00 m NaOH, both the microball and nanoparticle films exhibit high long-term stability and produce a stable current density of approximately 30 mA cm(-2) at 600 mV overpotential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Advanced Materials and Processing Research Institute, CSIR, Bhopal, India.
| | - Monika Fekete
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | | | - Alexandr N Simonov
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Rosalie K Hocking
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- School of Chemistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Shery L Y Chang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Mathias Rothmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Satvasheel Powar
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Dongchuan Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Key Lab of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
| | - Udo Bach
- Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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15
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Carter R, Chatterjee S, Gordon E, Share K, Erwin WR, Cohn AP, Bardhan R, Pint CL. Corrosion resistant three-dimensional nanotextured silicon for water photo-oxidation. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:16755-16762. [PMID: 26400265 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability to chemically transform bulk silicon into a nanotextured surface that exhibits excellent electrochemical stability in aqueous conditions for water photo-oxidation. Conformal defective graphene coatings on nanotextured silicon formed by thermal treatment enable over 50× corrosion resistance in aqueous electrolytes based upon Tafel analysis and impedance spectroscopy. This enables nanotextured silicon as an effective oxygen-evolution photoanode for water splitting with saturation current density measured near 35 mA cm(-2) under 100 mW cm(-2) (1 sun) illumination. Our approach builds upon simple and scalable processing techniques with silicon to develop corrosion resistant electrodes that can benefit a broad range of catalytic and photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Carter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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16
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Xia Z, Zhou X, Li J, Qu Y. Protection strategy for improved catalytic stability of silicon photoanodes for water oxidation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Wang T, Gong J. Single-Crystal Semiconductors with Narrow Band Gaps for Solar Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10718-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Wang T, Gong J. Einkristalline Halbleiter mit kleinen Bandlücken für die solare Wasserspaltung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Wang D, Chen H, Chang G, Lin X, Zhang Y, Aldalbahi A, Peng C, Wang J, Fan C. Uniform Doping of Titanium in Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:14072-8. [PMID: 26052922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Doping elements in hematite nanostructures is a promising approach to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of hematite photoanodes. However, uniform doping with precise control on doping amount and morphology is the major challenge for quantitatively investigating the PEC water-splitting enhancement. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of uniform titanium (Ti)-doped hematite nanorods with precise control of the Ti amount and morphology for highly effective PEC water splitting using an atomic layer deposition assisted solid-state diffusion method. We found that Ti doping promoted band bending and increased the carrier density as well as the surface state. Remarkably, these uniformly doped hematite nanorods exhibited high PEC performance with a pronounced photocurrent density of 2.28 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and 4.18 mA/cm(2) at 1.70 V vs RHE, respectively. Furthermore, as-prepared Ti-doping hematite nanorods performed excellent repeatability and durability; over 80% of the as-fabricated photoanodes reproduced the steady photocurrent density of 1.9-2.2 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE at least 3 h in a strong alkaline electrolyte solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huaican Chen
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guoliang Chang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- ‡Chemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cheng Peng
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- †Division of Physical Biology, and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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20
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Ledendecker M, Krick Calderón S, Papp C, Steinrück HP, Antonietti M, Shalom M. The Synthesis of Nanostructured Ni5P4Films and their Use as a Non-Noble Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Full Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Ledendecker M, Krick Calderón S, Papp C, Steinrück HP, Antonietti M, Shalom M. The Synthesis of Nanostructured Ni5P4Films and their Use as a Non-Noble Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Full Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12361-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Wang HP, Sun K, Noh SY, Kargar A, Tsai ML, Huang MY, Wang D, He JH. High-Performance a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Photoelectrodes for Photoelectrochemical Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2817-2824. [PMID: 25665138 DOI: 10.1021/nl5041463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous Si (a-Si)/crystalline Si (c-Si) heterojunction (SiHJ) can serve as highly efficient and robust photoelectrodes for solar fuel generation. Low carrier recombination in the photoelectrodes leads to high photocurrents and photovoltages. The SiHJ was designed and fabricated into both photoanode and photocathode with high oxygen and hydrogen evolution efficiency, respectively, by simply coating of a thin layer of catalytic materials. The SiHJ photoanode with sol-gel NiOx as the catalyst shows a current density of 21.48 mA/cm(2) at the equilibrium water oxidation potential. The SiHJ photocathode with 2 nm sputter-coated Pt catalyst displays excellent hydrogen evolution performance with an onset potential of 0.640 V and a solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency of 13.26%, which is the highest ever reported for Si-based photocathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ping Wang
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
- ▽Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ke Sun
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
| | - Sun Young Noh
- ∥Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
| | - Alireza Kargar
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
| | | | - Ming-Yi Huang
- §Advanced Technology Department, AU Optronic Corporation, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Deli Wang
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
- ∥Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
- ⊥Qualcomm Institute, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
| | - Jr-Hau He
- ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States of America
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23
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Sun K, McDowell MT, Nielander AC, Hu S, Shaner MR, Yang F, Brunschwig BS, Lewis NS. Stable Solar-Driven Water Oxidation to O2(g) by Ni-Oxide-Coated Silicon Photoanodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:592-598. [PMID: 26262472 DOI: 10.1021/jz5026195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors with small band gaps (<2 eV) must be stabilized against corrosion or passivation in aqueous electrolytes before such materials can be used as photoelectrodes to directly produce fuels from sunlight. In addition, incorporation of electrocatalysts on the surface of photoelectrodes is required for efficient oxidation of H2O to O2(g) and reduction of H2O or H2O and CO2 to fuels. We report herein the stabilization of np(+)-Si(100) and n-Si(111) photoanodes for over 1200 h of continuous light-driven evolution of O2(g) in 1.0 M KOH(aq) by an earth-abundant, optically transparent, electrocatalytic, stable, conducting nickel oxide layer. Under simulated solar illumination and with optimized index-matching for proper antireflection, NiOx-coated np(+)-Si(100) photoanodes produced photocurrent-onset potentials of -180 ± 20 mV referenced to the equilibrium potential for evolution of O2(g), photocurrent densities of 29 ± 1.8 mA cm(-2) at the equilibrium potential for evolution of O2(g), and a solar-to-O2(g) conversion figure-of-merit of 2.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Matthew T McDowell
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Adam C Nielander
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shu Hu
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Matthew R Shaner
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bruce S Brunschwig
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- †Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ‡Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, §Beckman Institute and Molecular Materials Research Center, and ∥Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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24
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Ji L, McDaniel MD, Wang S, Posadas AB, Li X, Huang H, Lee JC, Demkov AA, Bard AJ, Ekerdt JG, Yu ET. A silicon-based photocathode for water reduction with an epitaxial SrTiO3 protection layer and a nanostructured catalyst. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:84-90. [PMID: 25437745 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2014.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing global demand for energy combined with the environmental impact of fossil fuels has spurred the search for alternative sources of clean energy. One promising approach is to convert solar energy into hydrogen fuel using photoelectrochemical cells. However, the semiconducting photoelectrodes used in these cells typically have low efficiencies and/or stabilities. Here we show that a silicon-based photocathode with a capping epitaxial oxide layer can provide efficient and stable hydrogen production from water. In particular, a thin epitaxial layer of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) was grown directly on Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. Photogenerated electrons can be transported easily through this layer because of the conduction-band alignment and lattice match between single-crystalline SrTiO3 and silicon. The approach was used to create a metal-insulator-semiconductor photocathode that, under a broad-spectrum illumination at 100 mW cm(-2), exhibits a maximum photocurrent density of 35 mA cm(-2) and an open circuit potential of 450 mV; there was no observable decrease in performance after 35 hours of operation in 0.5 M H2SO4. The performance of the photocathode was also found to be highly dependent on the size and spacing of the structured metal catalyst. Therefore, mesh-like Ti/Pt nanostructured catalysts were created using a nanosphere lithography lift-off process and an applied-bias photon-to-current efficiency of 4.9% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- 1] Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA [2] Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Martin D McDaniel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Shijun Wang
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Agham B Posadas
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Haiyu Huang
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jack C Lee
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - Allen J Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - John G Ekerdt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Edward T Yu
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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25
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Zhang FQ, Hu Y, Meng XM, Peng KQ. Fabrication and photoelectrochemical properties of silicon/nickel oxide core/shell nanowire arrays. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13857d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell made of a silicon nanowire array coated with a thin nickel oxide (NiOx) shell layer for solar water oxidation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Ya Hu
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiang-Min Meng
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Kui-Qing Peng
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing
- China
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26
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Indra A, Menezes PW, Sahraie NR, Bergmann A, Das C, Tallarida M, Schmeißer D, Strasser P, Driess M. Unification of Catalytic Water Oxidation and Oxygen Reduction Reactions: Amorphous Beat Crystalline Cobalt Iron Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17530-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja509348t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 486] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Indra
- Metalorganics
and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Metalorganics
and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nastaran Ranjbar Sahraie
- The
Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Group, Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC3, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Bergmann
- The
Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Group, Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC3, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Applied
Physics and Sensors, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Konrad Wachsmann Allee 17, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Massimo Tallarida
- Applied
Physics and Sensors, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Konrad Wachsmann Allee 17, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Dieter Schmeißer
- Applied
Physics and Sensors, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Konrad Wachsmann Allee 17, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- The
Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis, and Materials Science Group, Department
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17 Juni 124, Sekr. TC3, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Ertl
Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 500-712 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Matthias Driess
- Metalorganics
and Inorganic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Kärkäs MD, Verho O, Johnston EV, Åkermark B. Artificial Photosynthesis: Molecular Systems for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11863-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400572f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Mei B, Permyakova AA, Frydendal R, Bae D, Pedersen T, Malacrida P, Hansen O, Stephens IEL, Vesborg PCK, Seger B, Chorkendorff I. Iron-Treated NiO as a Highly Transparent p-Type Protection Layer for Efficient Si-Based Photoanodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3456-61. [PMID: 26278593 DOI: 10.1021/jz501872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition of 50 nm thick NiO films on p(+)-n-Si and subsequent treatment in an Fe-containing electrolyte yielded highly transparent photoanodes capable of water oxidation (OER) in alkaline media (1 M KOH) with high efficiency and stability. The Fe treatment of NiO thin films enabled Si-based photoanode assemblies to obtain a current density of 10 mA/cm(2) (requirement for >10% efficient devices) at 1.15 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) under red-light (38.6 mW/cm(2)) irradiation. Thus, the photoanodes were harvesting ∼80 mV of free energy (voltage), which places them among the best-performing Si-based photoanodes in alkaline media. The stability was proven by chronoamperometry at 1.3 V versus RHE for 300 h. Furthermore, measurements with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalances coupled with ICP-MS showed minor corrosion under dark operation. Extrapolation of the corrosion rate showed stability for more than 2000 days of continuous operation. Therefore, protection by Fe-treated NiO films is a promising strategy to achieve highly efficient and stable photoanodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mei
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anastasia A Permyakova
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Frydendal
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dowon Bae
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pedersen
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paolo Malacrida
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Hansen
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ifan E L Stephens
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian Seger
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- †Department of Physics, Center for Individual Nanoparticle Functionality (CINF) and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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29
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Sun K, Shen S, Liang Y, Burrows PE, Mao SS, Wang D. Enabling Silicon for Solar-Fuel Production. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8662-719. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300459q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Lab of Multiphase
Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yongqi Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Center, Umeå University, Linnaeus
väg, 6 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul E. Burrows
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Samuel Mao Institute of New Energy, Science Hall, 1003 Shangbu Road, Shenzhen, 518031, China
| | - Samuel S. Mao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Samuel Mao Institute of New Energy, Science Hall, 1003 Shangbu Road, Shenzhen, 518031, China
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30
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Mei B, Seger B, Pedersen T, Malizia M, Hansen O, Chorkendorff I, Vesborg PCK. Protection of p(+)-n-Si Photoanodes by Sputter-Deposited Ir/IrOx Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1948-1952. [PMID: 26273878 DOI: 10.1021/jz500865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sputter deposition of Ir/IrOx on p(+)-n-Si without interfacial corrosion protection layers yielded photoanodes capable of efficient water oxidation (OER) in acidic media (1 M H2SO4). Stability of at least 18 h was shown by chronoamperomety at 1.23 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) under 38.6 mW/cm(2) simulated sunlight irradiation (λ > 635 nm, AM 1.5G) and measurements with quartz crystal microbalances. Films exceeding a thickness of 4 nm were shown to be highly active though metastable due to an amorphous character. By contrast, 2 nm IrOx films were stable, enabling OER at a current density of 1 mA/cm(2) at 1.05 V vs. RHE. Further improvement by heat treatment resulted in a cathodic shift of 40 mV and enabled a current density of 10 mA/cm(2) (requirements for a 10% efficient tandem device) at 1.12 V vs. RHS under irradiation. Thus, the simple IrOx/Ir/p(+)-n-Si structures not only provide the necessary overpotential for OER at realistic device current, but also harvest ∼100 mV of free energy (voltage) which makes them among the best-performing Si-based photoanodes in low-pH media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Mei
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian Seger
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pedersen
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mauro Malizia
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Hansen
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- †Department of Physics, CINF and ‡Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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31
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Mirbagheri N, Wang D, Peng C, Wang J, Huang Q, Fan C, Ferapontova EE. Visible Light Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Zn- and Ti-Doped Hematite Nanostructures. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500372v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Degao Wang
- Division
of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology,
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Division
of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology,
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Division
of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology,
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Division
of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology,
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division
of Physical Biology, Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology,
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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32
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Yang J, Walczak K, Anzenberg E, Toma FM, Yuan G, Beeman J, Schwartzberg A, Lin Y, Hettick M, Javey A, Ager JW, Yano J, Frei H, Sharp ID. Efficient and Sustained Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Cobalt Oxide/Silicon Photoanodes with Nanotextured Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6191-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501513t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Yang
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karl Walczak
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eitan Anzenberg
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Francesca M. Toma
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Beeman
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Yongjing Lin
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Electrical
Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark Hettick
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Electrical
Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Electrical
Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joel W. Ager
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Junko Yano
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Heinz Frei
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ian D. Sharp
- Joint
Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Wu J, Li Y, Kubota J, Domen K, Aagesen M, Ward T, Sanchez A, Beanland R, Zhang Y, Tang M, Hatch S, Seeds A, Liu H. Wafer-scale fabrication of self-catalyzed 1.7 eV GaAsP core-shell nanowire photocathode on silicon substrates. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:2013-2018. [PMID: 24679049 DOI: 10.1021/nl500170m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the wafer-scale fabrication of self-catalyzed p-n homojunction 1.7 eV GaAsP core-shell nanowire photocathodes grown on silicon substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with the incorporation of Pt nanoparticles as hydrogen evolution cocatalysts. Under AM 1.5G illumination, the GaAsP nanowire photocathode yielded a photocurrent density of 4.5 mA/cm(2) at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode and a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.5%, which are much higher than the values previously reported for wafer-scale III-V nanowire photocathodes. In addition, GaAsP has been found to be more resistant to photocorrosion than InGaP. These results open up a new approach to develop efficient tandem photoelectrochemical devices via fabricating GaAsP nanowires on a silicon platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London , Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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Sun K, Shen S, Cheung JS, Pang X, Park N, Zhou J, Hu Y, Sun Z, Noh SY, Riley CT, Yu PKL, Jin S, Wang D. Si photoanode protected by a metal modified ITO layer with ultrathin NiOx for solar water oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4612-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report an ultrathin NiOx catalyzed Si np+ junction photoanode for a stable and efficient solar driven oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy
- State Key Lab of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an, China
| | - Justin S. Cheung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Xiaolu Pang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083, China
| | - Namseok Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | | | | | - Zhelin Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Sun Young Noh
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Conor T. Riley
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Paul K. L. Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Sungho Jin
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
| | - Deli Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of California
- La Jolla, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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Kenney MJ, Gong M, Li Y, Wu JZ, Feng J, Lanza M, Dai H. High-Performance Silicon Photoanodes Passivated with Ultrathin Nickel Films for Water Oxidation. Science 2013; 342:836-40. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1241327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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