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Oyibo G, Barrett T, Jois S, Blackburn JL, Lee JU. All-Carbon Nanotube Solar Cell Devices Mimic Photosynthesis. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9100-9106. [PMID: 36326598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both solar cells and photosynthetic systems employ a two-step process of light absorption and energy conversion. In photosynthesis, they are performed by distinct proteins. However, conventional solar cells use the same semiconductor for optical absorption and electron-hole separation, leading to inefficiencies. Here, we show that an all-semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNTs) device provides an artificial system that models photosynthesis in a tandem geometry. We use distinct chirality s-SWCNTs to separate the site and direction of light absorption from those of power generation. Using different bandgap s-SWCNTs, we implement an energy funnel in dual-gated p-n diodes. The device captures photons from multiple regions of the solar spectrum and funnels photogenerated excitons to the smallest bandgap s-SWCNT layer, where they become free carriers. We demonstrate an increase in the photoresponse by adding more s-SWCNT layers of different bandgaps without a corresponding deleterious increase in the dark leakage current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Oyibo
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | - Thomas Barrett
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | - Sharadh Jois
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
| | | | - Ji Ung Lee
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, New York12203, United States
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2
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Electrically Conductive Networks from Hybrids of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Created by Laser Radiation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081875. [PMID: 34443706 PMCID: PMC8399117 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A technology for the formation of electrically conductive nanostructures from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and their hybrids with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on Si substrate has been developed. Under the action of single pulses of laser irradiation, nanowelding of SWCNT and MWCNT nanotubes with graphene sheets was obtained. Dependences of electromagnetic wave absorption by films of short and long nanotubes with subnanometer and nanometer diameters on wavelength are calculated. It was determined from dependences that absorption maxima of various types of nanotubes are in the wavelength region of about 266 nm. It was found that contact between nanotube and graphene was formed in time up to 400 fs. Formation of networks of SWCNT/MWCNT and their hybrids with rGO at threshold energy densities of 0.3/0.5 J/cm2 is shown. With an increase in energy density above the threshold value, formation of amorphous carbon nanoinclusions on the surface of nanotubes was demonstrated. For all films, except the MWCNT film, an increase in defectiveness after laser irradiation was obtained, which is associated with appearance of C–C bonds with neighboring nanotubes or graphene sheets. CNTs played the role of bridges connecting graphene sheets. Laser-synthesized hybrid nanostructures demonstrated the highest hardness compared to pure nanotubes. Maximum hardness (52.7 GPa) was obtained for MWCNT/rGO topology. Regularity of an increase in electrical conductivity of nanostructures after laser irradiation has been established for films made of all nanomaterials. Hybrid structures of nanotubes and graphene sheets have the highest electrical conductivity compared to networks of pure nanotubes. Maximum electrical conductivity was obtained for MWCNT/rGO hybrid structure (~22.6 kS/m). Networks of nanotubes and CNT/rGO hybrids can be used to form strong electrically conductive interconnections in nanoelectronics, as well as to create components for flexible electronics and bioelectronics, including intelligent wearable devices (IWDs).
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3
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McCulley DR, Senger MJ, Bertoni A, Perebeinos V, Minot ED. Extremely Efficient Photocurrent Generation in Carbon Nanotube Photodiodes Enabled by a Strong Axial Electric Field. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:433-440. [PMID: 31847521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) photodiodes have the potential to convert light into electrical current with high efficiency. However, previous experiments have revealed the photocurrent quantum yield (PCQY) to be well below 100%. In this work, we show that the axial electric field increases the PCQY of CNT photodiodes. Under optimal conditions, our data suggest PCQY > 100%. We studied, both experimentally and theoretically, CNT photodiodes at room temperature using optical excitation corresponding to the S22, S33, and S44 exciton resonances. The axial electric field inside the pn junction was controlled using split gates that are capacitively coupled to the suspended CNT. Our results give new insight into the photocurrent generation pathways in CNTs and the field dependence and diameter dependence of PCQY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R McCulley
- Department of Physics , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Mitchell J Senger
- Department of Physics , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Andrea Bertoni
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , Via Campi 213a , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Vasili Perebeinos
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Ethan D Minot
- Department of Physics , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
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4
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Ma Z, Han J, Yao S, Wang S, Peng LM. Improving the Performance and Uniformity of Carbon-Nanotube-Network-Based Photodiodes via Yttrium Oxide Coating and Decoating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11736-11742. [PMID: 30855129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube thin films can be obtained by conjugated polymer wrapping sorting technique followed by solution deposition and can be utilized as channel materials of field-effect transistors and absorbing layers of photodiodes. However, after the deposition process, there are still polymer molecules wrapping around nanotubes, remaining between nanotubes, and remaining on the thin-film surface, which will cause large nanotube-electrode resistance and tube-tube resistance. Here, we demonstrate an yttrium oxide coating-and-decoating technique that can remove polymers only around electrodes and thus improve the performance of photodiodes without inducing new defects in the device channel. After the treatment of only the contact area, the average short-circuit current of a photodiode increases from 9.1 to 10.7 nA, whereas the average open-circuit voltage increases from 0.25 to 0.30 V. This method also improves device uniformity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shuo Yao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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Alam A, Dehm S, Hennrich F, Zakharko Y, Graf A, Pfohl M, Hossain IM, Kappes MM, Zaumseil J, Krupke R, Flavel BS. Photocurrent spectroscopy of dye-sensitized carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11205-11213. [PMID: 28749520 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04022a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monochiral (7,5) single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are integrated into a field effect transistor device in which the built-in electric field at the nanotube/metal contact allows for exciton separation under illumination. Variable wavelength spectroscopy and 2D surface mapping of devices consisting of 10-20 nanotubes are performed in the visible region and a strong correlation between the nanotube's second optical transition (S22) and the photocurrent is found. After integration, the SWCNTs are non-covalently modified with three different fluorescent dye molecules with off-resonant absorption maxima at 532 nm, 565 nm, and 610 nm. The dyes extend the absorption properties of the nanotube and contribute to the photocurrent. This approach holds promise for the development of photo-detectors and for applications in photovoltaics and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiful Alam
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Galassi TV, Jena PV, Roxbury D, Heller DA. Single Nanotube Spectral Imaging To Determine Molar Concentrations of Isolated Carbon Nanotube Species. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1073-1077. [PMID: 28194986 PMCID: PMC5511500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Electronic and biological applications of carbon nanotubes can be highly dependent on the species (chirality) of nanotube, purity, and concentration. Existing bulk methods, such as absorbance spectroscopy, can quantify sp2 carbon based on spectral bands, but nanotube length distribution, defects, and carbonaceous impurities can complicate quantification of individual particles. We present a general method to relate the optical density of a photoluminescent nanotube sample to the number of individual nanotubes. By acquiring 3-dimensional images of nanotubes embedded in a gel matrix with a reducing environment, we quantified all emissive nanotubes in a volume. Via spectral imaging, we assessed structural impurities and precisely determined molar concentrations of the (8,6) and (9,4) nanotube species. We developed an approach to obtain the molarity of any structurally enriched semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube preparation on a per-nanotube basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V. Galassi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Prakrit V. Jena
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Roxbury
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States
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7
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Wang F, Wang S, Yao F, Xu H, Wei N, Liu K, Peng LM. High Conversion Efficiency Carbon Nanotube-Based Barrier-Free Bipolar-Diode Photodetector. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9595-9601. [PMID: 27632420 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conversion efficiency (CE) is the most important figure of merit for photodetectors. For carbon nanotubes (CNT) based photodetectors, the CE is mainly determined by excitons dissociation and transport of free carriers toward contacts. While phonon-assisted exciton dissociation mechanism is effective in split-gate CNT p-n diodes, the CE is typically low in these devices, approximately 1-5%. Here, we evaluate the performance of a barrier-free bipolar diode (BFBD), which is basically a semiconducting CNT asymmetrically contacted by perfect n-type ohmic contact (Sc) and p-type ohmic contact (Pd) at the two ends of the diode. We show that the CE in short channel BFBD devices (e.g., 60 nm) is over 60%, and it reduces rapidly with increasing channel length. We find that the electric-field-assisted mechanism dominates the dissociation rate of excitons in BFBD devices at zero bias and thus the photocurrent generation process. By performing a time-resolved and spatial-resolved Monte Carlo simulation, we find that there exists an effective electron (hole)-rich region near the n-type (p-type) electrode in the asymmetrically contacted BFBD device, where the electric-field strength is larger than 17 V/μm and exciton dissociation is extremely fast (<0.1 ps), leading to very high CE in the BFBD devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fengrui Yao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, §State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, and ∥Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter and Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Aspitarte L, McCulley DR, Minot ED. Photocurrent Quantum Yield in Suspended Carbon Nanotube p-n Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5589-5593. [PMID: 27575386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study photocurrent generation in individual suspended carbon nanotube p-n junctions using spectrally resolved scanning photocurrent microscopy. Spatial maps of the photocurrent allow us to determine the length of the p-n junction intrinsic region, as well as the role of the n-type Schottky barrier. We show that reverse-bias operation eliminates complications caused by the n-type Schottky barrier and increases the length of the intrinsic region. The absorption cross-section of the CNT is calculated using an empirically verified model, and the effect of substrate reflection is determined using FDTD simulations. We find that the room temperature photocurrent quantum yield is approximately 30% when exciting the carbon nanotube at the S44 and S55 excitonic transitions. The quantum yield value is an order of magnitude larger than previous estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Aspitarte
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Daniel R McCulley
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ethan D Minot
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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9
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Comfort E, Lee JU. Large Bandgap Shrinkage from Doping and Dielectric Interface in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28520. [PMID: 27339272 PMCID: PMC4919786 DOI: 10.1038/srep28520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bandgap of a semiconductor is one of its most important electronic properties. It is often considered to be a fixed property of the semiconductor. As the dimensions of semiconductors reduce, however, many-body effects become dominant. Here, we show that doping and dielectric, two critical features of semiconductor device manufacturing, can dramatically shrink (renormalize) the bandgap. We demonstrate this in quasi-one-dimensional semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Specifically, we use a four-gated device, configured as a p-n diode, to investigate the fundamental electronic structure of individual, partially supported nanotubes of varying diameter. The four-gated construction allows us to combine both electrical and optical spectroscopic techniques to measure the bandgap over a wide doping range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett Comfort
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Ji Ung Lee
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY-Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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10
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Chang SW, Hazra J, Amer M, Kapadia R, Cronin SB. A Comparison of Photocurrent Mechanisms in Quasi-Metallic and Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube pn-Junctions. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11551-11556. [PMID: 26498635 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a comparative study of quasi-metallic (Eg ∼ 100 meV) and semiconducting (Eg ∼ 1 eV) suspended carbon nanotube pn-junctions introduced by electrostatic gating. While the built-in fields of the quasi-metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than those of the semiconducting CNTs, their photocurrent is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding semiconducting CNT devices under the same experimental conditions. Here, the large exciton binding energy in semiconducting nanotubes (∼400 meV) makes it difficult for excitons to dissociate into free carriers that can contribute to an externally measured photocurent. As such, semiconducting nanotubes require a phonon to assist in the exciton dissociation process, in order to produce a finite photocurrent, while quasi-metallic nanotubes do not. The quasi-metallic nanotubes have much lower exciton binding energies (∼50 meV) as well as a continuum of electronic states to decay into and, therefore, do not require the absorption of a phonon in order to dissociate, making it much easier for these excitons to produce a photocurrent. We performed detailed simulations of the band energies in quasi-metallic and semiconducting nanotube devices in order to obtain the electric field profiles along the lengths of the nanotubes. These simulations predict maximum built-in electric field strengths of 2.3 V/μm for semiconducting and 0.032-0.22 V/μm for quasi-metallic nanotubes under the applied gate voltages used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moh Amer
- Department of Electrical Engineering University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , Riyadh 12612, Saudi Arabia
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11
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High energetic excitons in carbon nanotubes directly probe charge-carriers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9681. [PMID: 25959462 PMCID: PMC4426596 DOI: 10.1038/srep09681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts peculiar features for excited-state dynamics in one dimension (1D) that are difficult to be observed experimentally. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are an excellent approximation to 1D quantum confinement, due to their very high aspect ratio and low density of defects. Here we use ultrafast optical spectroscopy to probe photogenerated charge-carriers in (6,5) semiconducting SWNTs. We identify the transient energy shift of the highly polarizable S33 transition as a sensitive fingerprint of charge-carriers in SWNTs. By measuring the coherent phonon amplitude profile we obtain a precise estimate of the Stark-shift and discuss the binding energy of the S33 excitonic transition. From this, we infer that charge-carriers are formed instantaneously (<50 fs) even upon pumping the first exciton, S11. The decay of the photogenerated charge-carrier population is well described by a model for geminate recombination in 1D.
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12
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Imit M, Adronov A. Effect of side-chain halogenation on the interactions of conjugated polymers with SWNTs. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00619h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Halogenation of polyfluorene side-chain ends with bromine or iodine causes significant differences in the nanotube species that are dispersed in solvent, indicating that subtle changes in polymer structure can affect polymer-nanotube interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Imit
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L9S 4M1
| | - A. Adronov
- Department of Chemistry
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada L9S 4M1
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13
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Yang L, Cui J, Wang Y, Hou C, Xie H, Mei X, Wang W, Wang K. Nanospot welding of carbon nanotubes using near-field enhancement effect of AFM probe irradiated by optical fiber probe laser. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbon nanotubes interconnection can be achieved by the new nanospot welding method with the near-field enhancement effect of the metallic AFM probe tip irradiated by optical fiber probe laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P. R. China
| | - Jianlei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P. R. China
| | - Chaojian Hou
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150001
- P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
| | - Kedian Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
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Streit JK, Bachilo SM, Ghosh S, Lin CW, Weisman RB. Directly measured optical absorption cross sections for structure-selected single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1530-6. [PMID: 24502235 DOI: 10.1021/nl404791y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We have measured peak and spectrally integrated absolute absorption cross sections for the first (E11) and second (E22) optical transitions of seven semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) species in bulk suspensions. Species-specific concentrations were determined using short-wave IR fluorescence microscopy to directly count SWCNTs in a known sample volume. Measured cross sections per atom are inversely related to nanotube diameter. E11 cross sections are larger for mod 1 species than for mod 2; the opposite is found for E22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Streit
- Department of Chemistry and Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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15
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Cui J, Yang L, Zhou L, Wang Y. Nanoscale soldering of axially positioned single-walled carbon nanotubes: a molecular dynamics simulation study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2044-2050. [PMID: 24392855 DOI: 10.1021/am405114n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of electronics devices into the nanometer scale is indispensable for next-generation semi-conductor technology. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be the promising candidates for future interconnection wires. To study the carbon nanotubes interconnection during nanosoldering, the melting process of nanosolder and nanosoldering process between single-walled carbon nanotubes are simulated with molecular dynamics method. As the simulation results, the melting point of 2 nm silver solder is about 605 K because of high surface energy, which is below the melting temperature of Ag bulk material. In the nanosoldering process simulations, Ag atoms may be dragged into the nanotubes to form different connection configuration, which has no apparent relationship with chirality of SWNTs. The length of core filling nanowires structure has the relationship with the diameter, and it does not become longer with the increasing diameter of SWNT. Subsequently, the dominant mechanism of was analyzed. In addition, as the heating temperature and time, respectively, increases, more Ag atoms can enter the SWNTs with longer length of Ag nanowires. And because of the strong metal bonds, less Ag atoms can remain with the tight atomic structures in the gap between SWNT and SWNT. The preferred interconnection configurations can be achieved between SWNT and SWNT in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, China
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