1
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Yang R, Mei L, Lin Z, Fan Y, Lim J, Guo J, Liu Y, Shin HS, Voiry D, Lu Q, Li J, Zeng Z. Intercalation in 2D materials and in situ studies. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:410-432. [PMID: 38755296 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Intercalation of atoms, ions and molecules is a powerful tool for altering or tuning the properties - interlayer interactions, in-plane bonding configurations, Fermi-level energies, electronic band structures and spin-orbit coupling - of 2D materials. Intercalation can induce property changes in materials related to photonics, electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectricity, magnetism, catalysis and energy storage, unlocking or improving the potential of 2D materials in present and future applications. In situ imaging and spectroscopy technologies are used to visualize and trace intercalation processes. These techniques provide the opportunity for deciphering important and often elusive intercalation dynamics, chemomechanics and mechanisms, such as the intercalation pathways, reversibility, uniformity and speed. In this Review, we discuss intercalation in 2D materials, beginning with a brief introduction of the intercalation strategies, then we look into the atomic and intrinsic effects of intercalation, followed by an overview of their in situ studies, and finally provide our outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liang Mei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yijin Liu
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Center for 2D Quantum Heterostructures, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Li M, Fan Q, Gao L, Liang K, Huang Q. Chemical Intercalation of Layered Materials: From Structure Tailoring to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312918. [PMID: 38821561 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The intercalation of layered materials offers a flexible approach for tailoring their structures and generating unexpected properties. This review provides perspectives on the chemical intercalation of layered materials, including graphite/graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, MXenes, and some particular materials. The characteristics of the different intercalation methods and their chemical mechanisms are discussed. The influence of intercalation on the structural changes of the host materials and the structural change how to affect the intrinsic properties of the intercalation compounds are discussed. Furthermore, a perspective on the applications of intercalation compounds in fields such as energy conversion and storage, catalysis, smart devices, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation is provided. Finally, brief insights into the challenges and future opportunities for the chemical intercalation of layered materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315336, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315336, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315336, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315336, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315336, China
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3
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Bai H, Yu Z, Feng J, Liu D, Li W, Pan H. Co 3X 8 (X = Cl and Br): multiple phases and magnetic properties of the Kagome lattice. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1362-1370. [PMID: 38131608 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The unique magnetic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials have demonstrated huge potential for applications in nanodevices and spintronics. In this work, we propose a new Kagome lattice, Co3X8 (X = Cl and Br), based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation. We find that Co/X in Co3X8 has spontaneous movement in the lattice, resulting in 156- and 12-phases of Co3X8 and diverse magnetic and electronic properties. We show that the magnetic and electronic properties of Co3X8 can be engineered by strain, and the magnetic properties of Co3X8 are highly related to the spontaneous movement of X. Moreover, the transmission property of 12-Co3X8 shows clear angle-dependent features due to the symmetry breaking as caused by the spontaneous movement of X. Our findings may provide not only a possible Kagome lattice with unique properties, but also a strategy for designing nanodevices and for spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Bai
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P.R. China.
| | - Zhichao Yu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P.R. China.
| | - Jinxian Feng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P.R. China.
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P.R. China.
| | - Weiqi Li
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P.R. China.
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, P. R. China
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Wu S, Dai M, Li H, Li R, Han Z, Hu W, Zhao Z, Hou Y, Gou H, Zou R, Chen Y, Luo X, Zhao X. Atomically Unraveling Highly Crystalline Self-Intercalated Tantalum Sulfide with Correlated Stacking Registry-Dependent Magnetism. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:378-385. [PMID: 38117785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In self-intercalated two-dimensional (ic-2D) materials, understanding the local chemical environment and the topology of the filling site remains elusive, and the subsequent correlation with the macroscopically manifested physical properties has rarely been investigated. Herein, highly crystalline gram-scale ic-2D Ta1.33S2 crystals were successfully grown by the high-pressure high-temperature method. Employing combined atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy annular dark field imaging and density functional theory calculations, we systematically unveiled the atomic structures of an atlas of stacking registries in a well-defined √3(a) × √3(a) Ta1.33S2 superlattice. Ferromagnetic order was observed in the AC' stacking registry, and it evolves into an antiferromagnetic state in AA/AB/AB' stacking registries; the AA' stacking registry shows ferrimagnetic ordering. Therefore, we present a novel approach for fabricating large-scale highly crystalline ic-2D crystals and shed light on a powerful means of modulating the magnetic order of ic-2D systems via stacking engineering, i.e., stackingtronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minzhi Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hang Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runlai Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Jiao C, Pei S, Wu S, Wang Z, Xia J. Tuning and exploiting interlayer coupling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:114503. [PMID: 37774692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acfe89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials can stack into new material systems, with van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the adjacent constituent layers. This stacking process of 2D atomic layers creates a new degree of freedom-interlayer interface between two adjacent layers-that can be independently studied and tuned from the intralayer degree of freedom. In such heterostructures (HSs), the physical properties are largely determined by the vdW interaction between the individual layers,i.e.interlayer coupling, which can be effectively tuned by a number of means. In this review, we summarize and discuss a number of such approaches, including stacking order, electric field, intercalation, and pressure, with both their experimental demonstrations and theoretical predictions. A comprehensive overview of the modulation on structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties by these four approaches are also presented. We conclude this review by discussing several prospective research directions in 2D HSs field, including fundamental physics study, property tuning techniques, and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Jiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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6
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Liang J, Ma K, Zhao X, Lu G, Riffle J, Andrei CM, Dong C, Furkan T, Rajabpour S, Prabhakar RR, Robinson JA, Magdaleno V, Trinh QT, Ager JW, Salmeron M, Aloni S, Caldwell JD, Hollen S, Bechtel HA, Bassim ND, Sherburne MP, Al Balushi ZY. Elucidating the Mechanism of Large Phosphate Molecule Intercalation Through Graphene-Substrate Heterointerfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47649-47660. [PMID: 37782678 PMCID: PMC10571006 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation is the process of inserting chemical species into the heterointerfaces of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. While much research has focused on the intercalation of metals and small gas molecules into graphene, the intercalation of larger molecules through the basal plane of graphene remains challenging. In this work, we present a new mechanism for intercalating large molecules through monolayer graphene to form confined oxide materials at the graphene-substrate heterointerface. We investigate the intercalation of phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) molecules directly from the vapor phase and confirm the formation of confined P2O5 at the graphene-substrate heterointerface using various techniques. Density functional theory (DFT) corroborates the experimental results and reveals the intercalation mechanism, whereby P2O5 dissociates into small fragments catalyzed by defects in the graphene that then permeates through lattice defects and reacts at the heterointerface to form P2O5. This process can also be used to form new confined metal phosphates (e.g., 2D InPO4). While the focus of this study is on P2O5 intercalation, the possibility of intercalation from predissociated molecules catalyzed by defects in graphene may exist for other types of molecules as well. This in-depth study advances our understanding of intercalation routes of large molecules via the basal plane of graphene as well as heterointerface chemical reactions leading to the formation of distinctive confined complex oxide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Liang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Ma
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Jake Riffle
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Carmen M. Andrei
- Canadian
Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster
University, Hamilton ,ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Chengye Dong
- 2D Crystal
Consortium, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Turker Furkan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Siavash Rajabpour
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rajiv Ramanujam Prabhakar
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua A. Robinson
- 2D Crystal
Consortium, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vasquez Magdaleno
- Department
of Mining, Metallurgy, and Materials Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Queensland
Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Brisbane, 4111 Australia
| | - Joel W. Ager
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shaul Aloni
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence
Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joshua D. Caldwell
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Shawna Hollen
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nabil D. Bassim
- Canadian
Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster
University, Hamilton ,ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster
University, Hamilton ,ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Matthew P. Sherburne
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zakaria Y. Al Balushi
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Javed MS, Mateen A, Ali S, Zhang X, Hussain I, Imran M, Shah SSA, Han W. The Emergence of 2D MXenes Based Zn-Ion Batteries: Recent Development and Prospects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201989. [PMID: 35620957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) with exceptional theoretical capacity have garnered significant interest in large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices due to their low cost, abundant material, inherent safety, high specific energy, and ecofriendly nature. Metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have emerged as a large family of 2D transition metal carbides or carbonitrides with excellent properties, e.g., high electrical conductivity, large surface functional groups (e.g., F, O, and OH), low energy barriers for the diffusion of electrolyte ions with wide interlayer spaces. After a decade of effort, significant development has been achieved in the synthesis, properties, and applications of MXenes. Thus, it has opened up various exciting opportunities to construct advanced MXene-based nanostructures for ZIBs with excellent specific energy and power. Herein, this review summarizes the advances across multiple synthesis routes, related properties, morphological and structural characteristics, and chemistries of MXenes for ZIBs. The recent development of MXene-based electrodes is introduced, and electrolytes for ZIBs are elucidated in detail. MXene-based rocking chair ZIBs, strategies to enhance the performance of MXene-based cathodes, suppress the dendrites in MXene-based anodes, and MXene-based flexible ZIBs are pointed out. A rational design and modification of the MXenes as well as the production of composites with metal oxides exhibits promise in solving issues and enhancing the electrochemical performance of ZIBs. Finally, the present challenges and future prospects for MXene-based ZIBs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Abdul Mateen
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Salamat Ali
- School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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8
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Cost-Effective Calculation of Collective Electronic Excitations in Graphite Intercalated Compounds. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101746. [PMID: 35630968 PMCID: PMC9147427 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Graphite/graphene intercalation compounds with good and improving electrical transport properties, optical properties, magnetic properties and even superconductivity are widely used in battery, capacitors and so on. Computational simulation helps with predicting important properties and exploring unknown functions, while it is restricted by limited computing resources and insufficient precision. Here, we present a cost-effective study on graphite/graphene intercalation compounds properties with sufficient precision. The calculation of electronic collective excitations in AA-stacking graphite based on the tight-binding model within the random phase approximation framework agrees quite well with previous experimental and calculation work, such as effects of doping level, interlayer distance, and interlayer hopping on 2D π plasmon and 3D intraband plasmon modes. This cost-effective simulation method can be extended to other intercalation compounds with unlimited intercalation species.
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9
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Non-covalent interactions of graphene surface: Mechanisms and applications. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Liu Y, Li M, Lei B, Wu M, Zhan J. Facile assembly of amorphous Fe 2O 3 nanoparticle@dry graphene oxide composites for lithium-ion storage. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The lithium-ion storage capacity of dGO is increased by about 158% after low-temperature am-Fe2O3 modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Minyue Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bo Lei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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11
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Lin YC, Motoyama A, Kretschmer S, Ghaderzadeh S, Ghorbani-Asl M, Araki Y, Krasheninnikov AV, Ago H, Suenaga K. Polymorphic Phases of Metal Chlorides in the Confined 2D Space of Bilayer Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105898. [PMID: 34610179 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented 2D metal chloride structures are grown between sheets of bilayer graphene through intercalation of metal and chlorine atoms. Numerous spatially confined 2D phases of AlCl3 and CuCl2 distinct from their typical bulk forms are found, and the transformations between these new phases under the electron beam are directly observed by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The density functional theory calculations confirm the metastability of the atomic structures derived from the STEM experiments and provide insights into the electronic properties of the phases, which range from insulators to semimetals. Additionally, the co-intercalation of different metal chlorides is found to create completely new hybrid systems; in-plane quasi-1D AlCl3 /CuCl2 heterostructures are obtained. The existence of polymorphic phases hints at the unique possibilities for fabricating new types of 2D materials with diverse electronic properties confined between graphene sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lin
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Amane Motoyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Silvan Kretschmer
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sadegh Ghaderzadeh
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuji Araki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Arkady V Krasheninnikov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, Aalto, 00076, Finland
| | - Hiroki Ago
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
- Global Innovation Center (GIC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR-SANKEN), Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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12
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Abbas MS, Srivastava PK, Hassan Y, Lee C. Asymmetric carrier transport and weak localization in few layer graphene grown directly on a dielectric substrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25284-25290. [PMID: 34734939 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent electrical and magneto-transport measurements have been performed on devices composed of few layer (4L) graphene grown directly on SiO2/Si substrates using the CVD method. An intrinsic energy band-gap of 4.6 meV in 4L graphene is observed, which primarily dictates the current transport at T <50 K. Unusual temperature dependent electron-hole conduction asymmetry is observed at T >50 K, which can be explained in the framework of the defect scattering of relativistic charge carriers. Magneto-transport measurements reveal a weak localization effect sustainable till T >200 K. The coexistence of phonon mediated carrier mobility and defect induced weak localization effects in measuring devices suggests low disorder and impurity scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sabbtain Abbas
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College University Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Hassan
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Changgu Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.,SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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13
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Li Z, Li D, Wang H, Chen P, Pi L, Zhou X, Zhai T. Intercalation Strategy in 2D Materials for Electronics and Optoelectronics. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100567. [PMID: 34928056 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation is an effective approach to tune the physical and chemical properties of 2D materials due to their abundant van der Waals gaps that can host high-density intercalated guest matters. This approach has been widely employed to modulate the optical, electrical, and photoelectrical properties of 2D materials for their applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices. Thus it is necessary to review the recent progress of the intercalation strategy in 2D materials and their applications in devices. Herein, various intercalation strategies and the novel properties of the intercalated 2D materials as well as their applications in electronics and optoelectronics are summarized. In the end, the development tendency of this promising approach for 2D materials is also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lejing Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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14
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Zhou J, Lin Z, Ren H, Duan X, Shakir I, Huang Y, Duan X. Layered Intercalation Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004557. [PMID: 33984164 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2D layered materials typically feature strong in-plane covalent chemical bonding within each atomic layer and weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions between adjacent layers. The non-bonding nature between neighboring layers naturally results in a vdW gap, in which various foreign species may be inserted without breaking the in-plane covalent bonds. By tailoring the composition, size, structure, and electronic properties of the intercalated guest species and the hosting layered materials, an expansive family of layered intercalation materials may be produced with highly variable compositional and structural features as well as widely tunable physical/chemical properties, invoking unprecedented opportunities in fundamental studies of property modulation and potential applications in diverse technologies, including electronics, optics, superconductors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, and energy storage. Here, the principles and protocols for various intercalation methods, including wet chemical intercalation, gas-phase intercalation, electrochemical intercalation, and ion-exchange intercalation, are comprehensively reviewed and how the intercalated species alter the crystal structure and the interlayer coupling of the host 2D layered materials, introducing unusual physical and chemical properties and enabling devices with superior performance or unique functions, is discussed. To conclude, a brief summary on future research opportunities and emerging challenges in the layered intercalation materials is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huaying Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xidong Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Imran Shakir
- Sustainable Energy Technologies Centre, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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15
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Graphene/Silver Nanowires/Graphene Sandwich Composite for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes and Its Fracture Mechanism. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050512. [PMID: 34063211 PMCID: PMC8147451 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is characterized by line defects and disruptions at the grain boundaries and nucleation sites. This adversely affects the stretchability and conductivity of graphene, which limits its applications in the field of flexible, stretchable, and transparent electrodes. We demonstrate a composite electrode comprised of a graphene/silver nanowires (AgNWs)/graphene sandwich structure on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate to overcome this limitation. The sandwich structure exhibits high transparency (>90%) and excellent conductivity improvement of the graphene layers. The use of AgNWs significantly suppresses the conductivity loss resulting from stretching. The mechanism of the suppression of the conductivity loss was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and lateral force microscopy. The results suggest that the high surface friction of the sandwich structure causes a sliding effect between the graphene layers would produce low crack or hole formation to maintain the conductivity. In addition to acting as conductive layers, the top and bottom graphene layers can also protect the AgNWs from oxidation, thereby enabling maintenance of the electrical performance of the electrodes over a prolonged period. We also confirmed the applicability of the sandwich structure electrode to the human body, such as on the wrist, finger, and elbow.
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16
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Walsh KK, Murphy C, Russo S, Craciun MF. Improved Stability of Organic Photovotlaic Devices With FeCl3 Intercalated Graphene Electrodes. FRONTIERS IN ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/felec.2021.643687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present the first organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices fabricated with FeCl3 intercalated few layer graphene (i-FLG) electrodes. i-FLG electrodes were first fabricated and characterized by electrical and spectroscopic means, showing enhanced conductive properties compared to pristine graphene. These electrodes were then used in the fabrication of OPV devices and tested against devices made with commercially available Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes. Both types of device achieved similar efficiencies, while the i-FLG based device exhibited superior charge transport properties due to the increase in work function characterizing i-FLG. Both types of device underwent a stability study using both periodic and continuous illumination measurements, which revealed i-FLG based OPVs to be significantly more stable than those based on ITO. These improvements are expected to translate to increased device lifetimes and a greater total energy payback from i-FLG based photovoltaic devices. These results highlight the potential benefits of using intercalated graphene materials as an alternative to ITO in photovoltaic devices.
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Cao Q, Grote F, Huβmann M, Eigler S. Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:963-982. [PMID: 36133283 PMCID: PMC9417328 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00987c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry and physics of intercalated layered 2D materials (2DMs) are the focus of this review article. Special attention is given to intercalated bilayer and few-layer systems. Thereby, intercalated few-layers of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play the major role; however, also other intercalated 2DMs develop fascinating properties with thinning down. Here, we briefly introduce the historical background of intercalation and explain concepts, which become relevent with intercalating few-layers. Then, we describe various synthetic methods to yield intercalated 2DMs and focus next on current research directions, which are superconductivity, band gap tuning, magnetism, optical properties, energy storage and chemical reactions. We focus on major breakthroughs in all introduced sections and give an outlook to this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Fabian Grote
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marleen Huβmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Siegfried Eigler
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustraβe 3 14195 Berlin Germany
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18
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Li J, Wang X, Sun W, Maleski K, Shuck CE, Li K, Urbankowski P, Hantanasirisakul K, Wang X, Kent P, Wang H, Gogotsi Y. Intercalation‐Induced Reversible Electrochromic Behavior of Two‐Dimensional Ti
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MXene in Organic Electrolytes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Kathleen Maleski
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Christopher E. Shuck
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Ke Li
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick Urbankowski
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Kanit Hantanasirisakul
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Paul Kent
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Yury Gogotsi
- A. J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
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19
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Zhukova MO, Hogan BT, Oparin EN, Shaban PS, Grachev YV, Kovalska E, Walsh KK, Craciun MF, Baldycheva A, Tcypkin AN. Transmission Properties of FeCl 3-Intercalated Graphene and WS 2 Thin Films for Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:225. [PMID: 31289955 PMCID: PMC6616562 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy has become a common method both for fundamental and applied studies focused on improving the quality of human life. However, the issue of finding materials applicable in these systems is still relevant. One of the appropriate solution is 2D materials. Here, we demonstrate the transmission properties of unique graphene-based structures with iron trichloride FeCl3 dopant on glass, sapphire and Kapton polyimide film substrates that previously were not investigated in the framework of the above-described problems in near infrared and THz ranges. We also show properties of a thin tungsten disulfide WS2 film fabricated from liquid crystal solutions transferred to a polyimide and polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The introduction of impurities, the selection of structural dimensions and the use of an appropriate substrate for modified 2D layered materials allow to control the transmission of samples for both the terahertz and infrared ranges, which can be used for creation of effective modulators and components for THz spectroscopy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria O. Zhukova
- Laboratory of Femtosecond Optics and Femtotechnology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Benjamin T. Hogan
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Egor N. Oparin
- Laboratory of Femtosecond Optics and Femtotechnology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina S. Shaban
- Laboratory of Femtosecond Optics and Femtotechnology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslav V. Grachev
- Laboratory of Femtosecond Optics and Femtotechnology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Kovalska
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kieran K. Walsh
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Monica F. Craciun
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anna Baldycheva
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Anton N. Tcypkin
- Laboratory of Femtosecond Optics and Femtotechnology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Stark MS, Kuntz KL, Martens SJ, Warren SC. Intercalation of Layered Materials from Bulk to 2D. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808213. [PMID: 31069852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intercalation in few-layer (2D) materials is a rapidly growing area of research to develop next-generation energy-storage and optoelectronic devices, including batteries, sensors, transistors, and electrically tunable displays. Identifying fundamental differences between intercalation in bulk and 2D materials will play a key role in developing functional devices. Herein, advances in few-layer intercalation are addressed in the historical context of bulk intercalation. First, synthesis methods and structural properties are discussed, emphasizing electrochemical techniques, the mechanism of intercalation, and the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase. To address fundamental differences between bulk and 2D materials, scaling relationships describe how intercalation kinetics, structure, and electronic and optical properties depend on material thickness and lateral dimension. Here, diffusion rates, pseudocapacity, limits of staging, and electronic structure are compared for bulk and 2D materials. Next, the optoelectronic properties are summarized, focusing on charge transfer, conductivity, and electronic structure. For energy devices, opportunities also emerge to design van der Waals heterostructures with high capacities and excellent cycling performance. Initial studies of heterostructured electrodes are compared to state-of-the-art battery materials. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented for 2D materials in energy and optoelectronic applications, along with promising research directions in synthesis and characterization to engineer 2D materials for superior devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline S Stark
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kaci L Kuntz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Sean J Martens
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Scott C Warren
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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21
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De Sanctis A, Mehew JD, Craciun MF, Russo S. Graphene-Based Light Sensing: Fabrication, Characterisation, Physical Properties and Performance. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091762. [PMID: 30231517 PMCID: PMC6163333 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-based materials exhibit exceptional optical and electrical properties with great promise for novel applications in light detection. However, several challenges prevent the full exploitation of these properties in commercial devices. Such challenges include the limited linear dynamic range (LDR) of graphene-based photodetectors, the lack of efficient generation and extraction of photoexcited charges, the smearing of photoactive junctions due to hot-carriers effects, large-scale fabrication and ultimately the environmental stability of the constituent materials. In order to overcome the aforementioned limits, different approaches to tune the properties of graphene have been explored. A new class of graphene-based devices has emerged where chemical functionalisation, hybridisation with light-sensitising materials and the formation of heterostructures with other 2D materials have led to improved performance, stability or versatility. For example, intercalation of graphene with FeCl 3 is highly stable in ambient conditions and can be used to define photo-active junctions characterized by an unprecedented LDR while graphene oxide (GO) is a very scalable and versatile material which supports the photodetection from UV to THz frequencies. Nanoparticles and quantum dots have been used to enhance the absorption of pristine graphene and to enable high gain thanks to the photogating effect. In the same way, hybrid detectors made from stacked sequences of graphene and layered transition-metal dichalcogenides enabled a class of devices with high gain and responsivity. In this work, we will review the performance and advances in functionalised graphene and hybrid photodetectors, with particular focus on the physical mechanisms governing the photoresponse, the performance and possible future paths of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo De Sanctis
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Jake D Mehew
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Monica F Craciun
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
| | - Saverio Russo
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK.
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22
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Tuček J, Błoński P, Ugolotti J, Swain AK, Enoki T, Zbořil R. Emerging chemical strategies for imprinting magnetism in graphene and related 2D materials for spintronic and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3899-3990. [PMID: 29578212 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00288b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphene, a single two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms with an arrangement mimicking the honeycomb hexagonal architecture, has captured immense interest of the scientific community since its isolation in 2004. Besides its extraordinarily high electrical conductivity and surface area, graphene shows a long spin lifetime and limited hyperfine interactions, which favors its potential exploitation in spintronic and biomedical applications, provided it can be made magnetic. However, pristine graphene is diamagnetic in nature due to solely sp2 hybridization. Thus, various attempts have been proposed to imprint magnetic features into graphene. The present review focuses on a systematic classification and physicochemical description of approaches leading to equip graphene with magnetic properties. These include introduction of point and line defects into graphene lattices, spatial confinement and edge engineering, doping of graphene lattice with foreign atoms, and sp3 functionalization. Each magnetism-imprinting strategy is discussed in detail including identification of roles of various internal and external parameters in the induced magnetic regimes, with assessment of their robustness. Moreover, emergence of magnetism in graphene analogues and related 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides, metal halides, metal dinitrides, MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and other organic compounds is also reviewed. Since the magnetic features of graphene can be readily masked by the presence of magnetic residues from synthesis itself or sample handling, the issue of magnetic impurities and correct data interpretations is also addressed. Finally, current problems and challenges in magnetism of graphene and related 2D materials and future potential applications are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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23
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Gong Y, Yuan H, Wu CL, Tang P, Yang SZ, Yang A, Li G, Liu B, van de Groep J, Brongersma ML, Chisholm MF, Zhang SC, Zhou W, Cui Y. Spatially controlled doping of two-dimensional SnS 2 through intercalation for electronics. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:294-299. [PMID: 29483599 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Doped semiconductors are the most important building elements for modern electronic devices 1 . In silicon-based integrated circuits, facile and controllable fabrication and integration of these materials can be realized without introducing a high-resistance interface2,3. Besides, the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) materials enables the realization of atomically thin integrated circuits4-9. However, the 2D nature of these materials precludes the use of traditional ion implantation techniques for carrier doping and further hinders device development 10 . Here, we demonstrate a solvent-based intercalation method to achieve p-type, n-type and degenerately doped semiconductors in the same parent material at the atomically thin limit. In contrast to naturally grown n-type S-vacancy SnS2, Cu intercalated bilayer SnS2 obtained by this technique displays a hole field-effect mobility of ~40 cm2 V-1 s-1, and the obtained Co-SnS2 exhibits a metal-like behaviour with sheet resistance comparable to that of few-layer graphene 5 . Combining this intercalation technique with lithography, an atomically seamless p-n-metal junction could be further realized with precise size and spatial control, which makes in-plane heterostructures practically applicable for integrated devices and other 2D materials. Therefore, the presented intercalation method can open a new avenue connecting the previously disparate worlds of integrated circuits and atomically thin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Gong
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Yuan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Lan Wu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peizhe Tang
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shi-Ze Yang
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ankun Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bofei Liu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jorik van de Groep
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark L Brongersma
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew F Chisholm
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Shou-Cheng Zhang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wu Zhou
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- School of Physical Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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Sarno M, Rossi G, Cirillo C, Incarnato L. Cold Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene-Based Conductive Tunable Film Barrier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sarno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Loredana Incarnato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- NANO_MATES Research Centre, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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25
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Solís-Fernández P, Bissett M, Ago H. Synthesis, structure and applications of graphene-based 2D heterostructures. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:4572-4613. [PMID: 28691726 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the profuse amount of two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered and the improvements in their synthesis and handling, the field of 2D heterostructures has gained increased interest in recent years. Such heterostructures not only overcome the inherent limitations of each of the materials, but also allow the realization of novel properties by their proper combination. The physical and mechanical properties of graphene mean it has a prominent place in the area of 2D heterostructures. In this review, we will discuss the evolution and current state in the synthesis and applications of graphene-based 2D heterostructures. In addition to stacked and in-plane heterostructures with other 2D materials and their potential applications, we will also cover heterostructures realized with lower dimensionality materials, along with intercalation in few-layer graphene as a special case of a heterostructure. Finally, graphene heterostructures produced using liquid phase exfoliation techniques and their applications to energy storage will be reviewed.
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26
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Guo Y, Peng F, Wang H, Huang F, Meng F, Hui D, Zhou Z. Intercalation Polymerization Approach for Preparing Graphene/Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E61. [PMID: 30966095 PMCID: PMC6414874 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of society has promoted increasing demand for various polymer materials. A large variety of efforts have been applied in order for graphene strengthened polymer composites to satisfy different requirements. Graphene/polymer composites synthesized by traditional strategies display some striking defects, like weak interfacial interaction and agglomeration of graphene, leading to poor improvement in performance. Furthermore, the creation of pre-prepared graphene while being necessary always involves troublesome processes. Among the various preparation strategies, an appealing approach relies on intercalation and polymerization in the interlayer of graphite and has attracted researchers' attention due to its reliable, fast and simple synthesis. In this review, we introduce an intercalation polymerization strategy to graphene/polymer composites by the intercalation of molecules/ions into graphite interlayers, as well as subsequent polymerization. The key point for regulating intercalation polymerization is tuning the structure of graphite and intercalants for better interaction. Potential applications of the resulting graphene/polymer composites, including electrical conductivity, electromagnetic absorption, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity, are also reviewed. Furthermore, the shortcomings, challenges and prospects of intercalation polymerization are discussed, which will be helpful to researchers working in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Fuxi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Huagao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Fanbin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - David Hui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Zuowan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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27
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Wan J, Lacey SD, Dai J, Bao W, Fuhrer MS, Hu L. Tuning two-dimensional nanomaterials by intercalation: materials, properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6742-6765. [PMID: 27704060 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
2D materials have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties since the discovery of graphene. Despite these intrinsic properties, various modification methods have been applied to 2D materials that yield even more exciting results in terms of tunable properties and device performance. Among all modification methods, intercalation of 2D materials has emerged as a particularly powerful tool: it provides the highest possible doping level and is capable of (ir)reversibly changing the phase of the material. Intercalated 2D materials exhibit extraordinary electrical transport as well as optical, thermal, magnetic, and catalytic properties, which are advantageous for optoelectronics, superconductors, thermoelectronics, catalysis and energy storage applications. The recent progress on host 2D materials, various intercalation species, and intercalation methods, as well as tunable properties and potential applications enabled by intercalation, are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Steven D Lacey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Wenzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Department of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | | | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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28
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Kinoshita H, Jeon I, Maruyama M, Kawahara K, Terao Y, Ding D, Matsumoto R, Matsuo Y, Okada S, Ago H. Highly Conductive and Transparent Large-Area Bilayer Graphene Realized by MoCl 5 Intercalation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702141. [PMID: 28922479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bilayer graphene (BLG) comprises a 2D nanospace sandwiched by two parallel graphene sheets that can be used to intercalate molecules or ions for attaining novel functionalities. However, intercalation is mostly demonstrated with small, exfoliated graphene flakes. This study demonstrates intercalation of molybdenum chloride (MoCl5 ) into a large-area, uniform BLG sheet, which is grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This study reveals that the degree of MoCl5 intercalation strongly depends on the stacking order of the graphene; twist-stacked graphene shows a much higher degree of intercalation than AB-stacked. Density functional theory calculations suggest that weak interlayer coupling in the twist-stacked graphene contributes to the effective intercalation. By selectively synthesizing twist-rich BLG films through control of the CVD conditions, low sheet resistance (83 Ω ▫-1 ) is realized after MoCl5 intercalation, while maintaining high optical transmittance (≈95%). The low sheet resistance state is relatively stable in air for more than three months. Furthermore, the intercalated BLG film is applied to organic solar cells, realizing a high power conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kinoshita
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Il Jeon
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawahara
- Global Innovation Center (GIC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuri Terao
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Dong Ding
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Rika Matsumoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo Polytechnic University, Kanagawa, 243-0297, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ago
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
- Global Innovation Center (GIC), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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29
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30
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Li S, Cheng C, Liang HW, Feng X, Thomas A. 2D Porous Carbons prepared from Layered Organic-Inorganic Hybrids and their Use as Oxygen-Reduction Electrocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700707. [PMID: 28556383 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2D porous carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention in different disciplines especially for electrochemical catalysis. The significant advantage of such 2D materials is that nearly all their surfaces are exposed to the electrolyte and can take part in the electrochemical reaction. Here, a versatile active-salt-templating strategy to efficiently synthesize 2D porous carbon nanosheets from layered organic-inorganic hybrids is presented. The resulting heteroatom-doped carbon nanosheets (NFe/CNs) exhibit exceptional performance for the oxygen-reduction reaction and in Zn-air battery electrodes. The activity of the best catalyst within a series of NFe/CNs exceeds the performance of conventional carbon-supported Pt catalysts in terms of onset potential (0.930 vs 0.915 V of Pt/C), half-wave potential (0.859 vs 0.816 V of Pt/C), long-time stability, and methanol tolerance. Also, when applied as a cathode catalyst in a zinc-air battery the NFe/CNs presented here outperform commercial Pt/C catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Bointon TH, Jones GF, De Sanctis A, Hill-Pearce R, Craciun MF, Russo S. Large-area functionalized CVD graphene for work function matched transparent electrodes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16464. [PMID: 26548711 PMCID: PMC4997100 DOI: 10.1038/srep16464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of flexible photovoltaic and organic light emitting devices is heavily dependent on the availability of flexible and transparent conductors with at least a similar workfunction to that of Indium Tin Oxide. Here we present the first study of the work function of large area (up to 9 cm(2)) FeCl3 intercalated graphene grown by chemical vapour deposition on Nickel, and demonstrate values as large as 5.1 eV. Upon intercalation, a charge density per graphene layer of 5 ⋅ 10(13) ± 5 ⋅ 10(12) cm(-2) is attained, making this material an attractive platform for the study of plasmonic excitations in the infrared wavelength spectrum of interest to the telecommunication industry. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of this material for flexible electronics in a transparent circuit on a polyethylene naphthalate substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Bointon
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth F Jones
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Adolfo De Sanctis
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Hill-Pearce
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Monica F Craciun
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Saverio Russo
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
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32
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Handa S, Wang Y, Gallou F, Lipshutz BH. Sustainable Fe-ppm Pd nanoparticle catalysis of Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings in water. Science 2015; 349:1087-91. [PMID: 26339028 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac6936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most of today's use of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry relies on expensive quantities of palladium (Pd). Here we report that nanoparticles formed from inexpensive FeCl3 that naturally contains parts-per-million (ppm) levels of Pd can catalyze Suzuki-Miyaura reactions, including cases that involve highly challenging reaction partners. Nanomicelles are employed to both solubilize and deliver the reaction partners to the Fe-ppm Pd catalyst, resulting in carbon-carbon bond formation. The newly formed catalyst can be isolated and stored at ambient temperatures. Aqueous reaction mixtures containing both the surfactant and the catalyst can be recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Handa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | | | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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33
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Bointon TH, Barnes MD, Russo S, Craciun MF. High Quality Monolayer Graphene Synthesized by Resistive Heating Cold Wall Chemical Vapor Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4200-6. [PMID: 26053564 PMCID: PMC4744682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The growth of graphene using resistive‐heating cold‐wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is demonstrated. This technique is 100 times faster and 99% lower cost than standard CVD. A study of Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical magneto‐transport measurements shows that cold‐wall CVD graphene is of comparable quality to natural graphene. Finally, the first transparent flexible graphene capacitive touch‐sensor is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Bointon
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Matthew D Barnes
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Saverio Russo
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - Monica F Craciun
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
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34
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Neves AIS, Bointon TH, Melo LV, Russo S, de Schrijver I, Craciun MF, Alves H. Transparent conductive graphene textile fibers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9866. [PMID: 25952133 PMCID: PMC4424659 DOI: 10.1038/srep09866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transparent and flexible electrodes are widely used on a variety of substrates such as plastics and glass. Yet, to date, transparent electrodes on a textile substrate have not been explored. The exceptional electrical, mechanical and optical properties of monolayer graphene make it highly attractive as a transparent electrode for applications in wearable electronics. Here, we report the transfer of monolayer graphene, grown by chemical vapor deposition on copper foil, to fibers commonly used by the textile industry. The graphene-coated fibers have a sheet resistance as low as ~1 kΩ per square, an equivalent value to the one obtained by the same transfer process onto a Si substrate, with a reduction of only 2.3 per cent in optical transparency while keeping high stability under mechanical stress. With this approach, we successfully achieved the first example of a textile electrode, flexible and truly embedded in a yarn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I S Neves
- 1] INESC-MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol nº9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal [2] Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics &Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - T H Bointon
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics &Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - L V Melo
- 1] INESC-MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol nº9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal [2] Physics Department, IST, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Russo
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics &Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - I de Schrijver
- CenTexBel, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 7, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - M F Craciun
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics &Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - H Alves
- 1] INESC-MN and IN, Rua Alves Redol nº9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal [2] Department of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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35
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Zhan D, Yan JX, Ni ZH, Sun L, Lai LF, Liu L, Liu XY, Shen ZX. Bandgap-opened bilayer graphene approached by asymmetrical intercalation of trilayer graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1177-1182. [PMID: 25469728 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel graphene structure formed by asymmetrical intercalation of FeCl3 molecules into a trilayer graphene is reported. The trilayer graphene is divided into a single layer and a bilayer graphene by the inserted FeCl3 layer. Theoretical calculation shows that such graphene bilayers with broken inversion symmetry present a prominent opened bandgap of ∼0.13 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhan
- Research Institute for Soft Matter and Biomimetics, College of Materials & Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China; Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies & Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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36
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Unforeseen high temperature and humidity stability of FeCl3 intercalated few layer graphene. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7609. [PMID: 25567796 PMCID: PMC4286778 DOI: 10.1038/srep07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first systematic study of the stability of the structure and electrical properties of FeCl3 intercalated few-layer graphene to high levels of humidity and high temperature. Complementary experimental techniques such as electrical transport, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy conclusively demonstrate the unforseen stability of this transparent conductor to a relative humidity up to 100% at room temperature for 25 days, to a temperature up to 150°C in atmosphere and to a temperature as high as 620°C in vacuum, that is more than twice higher than the temperature at which the intercalation is conducted. The stability of FeCl3 intercalated few-layer graphene together with its unique values of low square resistance and high optical transparency, makes this material an attractive transparent conductor in future flexible electronic applications.
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37
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Fu F, Chen Y, Li P, He J, Wang Z, Lin W, Zhang W. Three-dimensional CoS2/RGO hierarchical architecture as superior-capability anode for lithium ion batteries. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The porous three-dimensional CoS2/RGO (3DCG) anode exhibits outstanding cyclic stability, high specific capacity, and excellent high-rate performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
| | - Yuanfu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
| | - Pingjian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
| | - Jiarui He
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
| | - Zegao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu 610054
- PR China
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38
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Song Y, Fang W, Hsu AL, Kong J. Iron (III) chloride doping of CVD graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:395701. [PMID: 25190015 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/39/395701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping has been shown as an effective method of reducing the sheet resistance of graphene. We present the results of our investigations into doping large area chemical vapor deposition graphene using Iron (III) Chloride (FeCl(3)). It is shown that evaporating FeCl(3) can increase the carrier concentration of monolayer graphene to greater than 10(14) cm(-2) and achieve resistances as low as 72 Ω sq(-1). We also evaluate other important properties of the doped graphene such as surface cleanliness, air stability, and solvent stability. Furthermore, we compare FeCl(3) to three other common dopants: Gold (III) Chloride (AuCl(3)), Nitric Acid (HNO(3)), and TFSA ((CF(3)SO(2))(2)NH). We show that compared to these dopants, FeCl(3) can not only achieve better sheet resistance but also has other key advantages including better solvent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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