1
|
Heterodimers of metal nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, and biological applications. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:345. [PMID: 34537870 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterodimers of metal nanoparticles consist of two metals, come in many sizes and adopt various shapes. They offer unique properties due to the presence of two metals and have the extraordinary flexibility needed to serve as a multipurpose platform for diverse applications in areas including photonics, sensing, and catalysis. Heterodimer nanoparticles contain different metals that contribute to extraordinary surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and catalytic properties. These properties make them versatile molecules that can be used in intracellular imaging, as antibacterial agents, as photocatalytic and biological macromolecules and for the detection of chemical substances. Moreover, heterodimer nanoparticles are composed of the two metals within larger molecules that provide more choices for modification and application. In this review, we briefly summarize the lesser-known aspects of heterodimers, including some of their properties, and present concrete examples of recent progress in synthesis and applications. This review provides a perspective on achievements and suggests a framework for future research with a focus on the synthesis and application of heterodimers. We also explore the possible applications of heterodimer nanoparticles based on their unique properties.
Collapse
|
2
|
Jung WB, Jang S, Cho SY, Jeon HJ, Jung HT. Recent Progress in Simple and Cost-Effective Top-Down Lithography for ≈10 nm Scale Nanopatterns: From Edge Lithography to Secondary Sputtering Lithography. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907101. [PMID: 32243015 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating ≈10 nm scale nanopatterns over large areas is an important issue, owing to the performance enhancement such patterning brings to various applications including sensors, semiconductors, and flexible transparent electrodes. Although nanoimprinting, extreme ultraviolet, electron beams, and scanning probe litho-graphy are candidates for developing such nanopatterns, they are limited to complicated procedures with low throughput and high startup cost, which are difficult to use in various academic and industry fields. Recently, several easy and cost-effective lithographic approaches have been reported to produce ≈10 nm scale patterns without defects over large areas. This includes a method of reducing the size using the narrow edge of a pattern, which has been attracting attention for the past several decades. More recently, secondary sputtering lithography using an ion-bombardment technique was reported as a new method to create high-resolution and high-aspect-ratio structures. Recent progress in simple and cost-effective top-down lithography for ≈10 nm scale nanopatterns via edge and secondary sputtering techniques is reviewed. The principles, technical advances, and applications are demonstrated. Finally, the future direction of edge and secondary sputtering lithography research toward issues to be resolved to broaden applications is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Bin Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Jang
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, 1, Samsungjeonja-ro, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hwan-Jin Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 15073, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang M, Pacheco-Peña V, Yu Y, Chen W, Greybush NJ, Stein A, Engheta N, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Nanoimprinted Chiral Plasmonic Substrates with Three-Dimensional Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7389-7394. [PMID: 30257094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report a large-area fabrication method to prepare chiral substrates patterned with arrays of multilayer, three-dimensional nanostructures using a combination of nanoimprint lithography and glancing angle deposition. Several structures are successfully fabricated using this method, including L-shaped, twisted arc and trilayer twisted Au nanorod structures, demonstrating its generality. As one typical example, arrays of L-shaped nanostructures, consisting of two layers of orthogonally oriented Au nanorods separated by a Ge dielectric layer in the thickness direction, exhibit giant optical chirality in the infrared region with an experimentally achieved g-factor as high as 0.38. Electromagnetic simulations show that the optical chirality results from plasmon hybridization between the two orthogonal Au segments. To demonstrate scalability, a 1 cm2 chiral substrate is fabricated with uniform chiral optical property. This method combines both high throughput and precise geometrical control and is therefore promising for applications of chiral metamaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron Stein
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials , Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , New York 11973 , United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang M, Guo J, Yu Y, Wu Y, Yun H, Jishkariani D, Chen W, Greybush NJ, Kübel C, Stein A, Murray CB, Kagan CR. 3D Nanofabrication via Chemo-Mechanical Transformation of Nanocrystal/Bulk Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800233. [PMID: 29658166 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar nanocrystal/bulk heterostructures are transformed into 3D architectures by taking advantage of the different chemical and mechanical properties of nanocrystal and bulk thin films. Nanocrystal/bulk heterostructures are fabricated via bottom-up assembly and top-down fabrication. The nanocrystals are capped by long ligands introduced in their synthesis, and therefore their surfaces are chemically addressable, and their assemblies are mechanically "soft," in contrast to the bulk films. Chemical modification of the nanocrystal surface, exchanging the long ligands for more compact chemistries, triggers large volume shrinkage of the nanocrystal layer and drives bending of the nanocrystal/bulk heterostructures. Exploiting the differential chemo-mechanical properties of nanocrystal and bulk materials, the scalable fabrication of designed 3D, cell-sized nanocrystal/bulk superstructures is demonstrated, which possess unique functions derived from nanocrystal building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jiacen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yaoting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Davit Jishkariani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J Greybush
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christian Kübel
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility and Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stein
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jiang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 852, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mansell R, Vemulkar T, Petit DCMC, Cheng Y, Murphy J, Lesniak MS, Cowburn RP. Magnetic particles with perpendicular anisotropy for mechanical cancer cell destruction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4257. [PMID: 28652596 PMCID: PMC5484683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the effectiveness of out-of-plane magnetized magnetic microdiscs for cancer treatment through mechanical cell disruption under an applied rotating magnetic field. The magnetic particles are synthetic antiferromagnets formed from a repeated motif of ultrathin CoFeB/Pt layers. In-vitro studies on glioma cells are used to compare the efficiency of the CoFeB/Pt microdiscs with Py vortex microdiscs. It is found that the CoFeB/Pt microdiscs are able to damage 62 ± 3% of cancer cells compared with 12 ± 2% after applying a 10 kOe rotating field for one minute. The torques applied by each type of particle are measured and are shown to match values predicted by a simple Stoner-Wohlfarth anisotropy model, giving maximum values of 20 fNm for the CoFeB/Pt and 75 fNm for the Py vortex particles. The symmetry of the anisotropy is argued to be more important than the magnitude of the torque in causing effective cell destruction in these experiments. This work shows how future magnetic particles can be successfully designed for applications requiring control of applied torques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhodri Mansell
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 OHE, UK.
| | - Tarun Vemulkar
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 OHE, UK
| | - Dorothée C M C Petit
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 OHE, UK
| | - Yu Cheng
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital; The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jason Murphy
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States
| | - Russell P Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 OHE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang M, Magagnosc DJ, Liberal I, Yu Y, Yun H, Yang H, Wu Y, Guo J, Chen W, Shin YJ, Stein A, Kikkawa JM, Engheta N, Gianola DS, Murray CB, Kagan CR. High-strength magnetically switchable plasmonic nanorods assembled from a binary nanocrystal mixture. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:228-232. [PMID: 27819691 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation 'smart' nanoparticle systems should be precisely engineered in size, shape and composition to introduce multiple functionalities, unattainable from a single material. Bottom-up chemical methods are prized for the synthesis of crystalline nanoparticles, that is, nanocrystals, with size- and shape-dependent physical properties, but they are less successful in achieving multifunctionality. Top-down lithographic methods can produce multifunctional nanoparticles with precise size and shape control, yet this becomes increasingly difficult at sizes of ∼10 nm. Here, we report the fabrication of multifunctional, smart nanoparticle systems by combining top-down fabrication and bottom-up self-assembly methods. Particularly, we template nanorods from a mixture of superparamagnetic Zn0.2Fe2.8O4 and plasmonic Au nanocrystals. The superparamagnetism of Zn0.2Fe2.8O4 prevents these nanorods from spontaneous magnetic-dipole-induced aggregation, while their magnetic anisotropy makes them responsive to an external field. Ligand exchange drives Au nanocrystal fusion and forms a porous network, imparting the nanorods with high mechanical strength and polarization-dependent infrared surface plasmon resonances. The combined superparamagnetic and plasmonic functions enable switching of the infrared transmission of a hybrid nanorod suspension using an external magnetic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA
| | - Daniel J Magagnosc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Iñigo Liberal
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Haoran Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia 22203, USA
| | - Yaoting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jiacen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Young Jae Shin
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Aaron Stein
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - James M Kikkawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nader Engheta
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daniel S Gianola
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang M, Large N, Koh AL, Cao Y, Manjavacas A, Sinclair R, Nordlander P, Wang SX. High-Density 2D Homo- and Hetero- Plasmonic Dimers with Universal Sub-10-nm Gaps. ACS NANO 2015; 9:9331-9339. [PMID: 26202803 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of high-density plasmonic dimers on a large (wafer) scale is crucial for applications in surface-enhanced spectroscopy, bio- and molecular sensing, and optoelectronics. Here, we present an experimental approach based on nanoimprint lithography and shadow evaporation that allows for the fabrication of high-density, large-scale homo- (Au-Au and Ag-Ag) and hetero- (Au-Ag) dimer substrates with precise and consistent sub-10-nm gaps. We performed scanning electron, scanning transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy studies along with a complete electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) characterization. We observed distinct plasmonic modes on these dimers, which are well interpreted by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) and plasmon hybridization calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Large
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Alejandro Manjavacas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University , Houston, Texas, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen D, Hu X, Zhang H, Yin X, Zhou Y. Preparation and properties of novel polydimethylsiloxane composites using polyvinylsilsesquioxanes as reinforcing agent. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Lim SH, Jang HS, Ha JM, Kim TH, Kwasniewski P, Narayanan T, Jin KS, Choi SM. Highly Ordered and Highly Aligned Two-Dimensional Binary Superlattice of a SWNT/Cylindrical-Micellar System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201403458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|