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Ji G, Tang D, Wang J, Liang Z, Ji H, Ma J, Zhuang Z, Liu S, Zhou G, Cheng HM. Sustainable upcycling of mixed spent cathodes to a high-voltage polyanionic cathode material. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4086. [PMID: 38744858 PMCID: PMC11094161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable battery recycling is essential for achieving resource conservation and alleviating environmental issues. Many open/closed-loop strategies for critical metal recycling or direct recovery aim at a single component, and the reuse of mixed cathode materials is a significant challenge. To address this barrier, here we propose an upcycling strategy for spent LiFePO4 and Mn-rich cathodes by structural design and transition metal replacement, for which uses a green deep eutectic solvent to regenerate a high-voltage polyanionic cathode material. This process ensures the complete recycling of all the elements in mixed cathodes and the deep eutectic solvent can be reused. The regenerated LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 has an increased mean voltage (3.68 V versus Li/Li+) and energy density (559 Wh kg-1) compared with a commercial LiFePO4 (3.38 V and 524 Wh kg-1). The proposed upcycling strategy can expand at a gram-grade scale and was also applicable for LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 recovery, thus achieving a closed-loop recycling between the mixed spent cathodes and the next generation cathode materials. Techno-economic analysis shows that this strategy has potentially high environmental and economic benefits, while providing a sustainable approach for the value-added utilization of waste battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Ji
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Di Tang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haocheng Ji
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhuang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Song Liu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality / Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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2
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Liu J, Wu Y, Zhang B, Xiao X, Hu Q, Han Q, Wang L, Bei F, He X. A Promising Solid-State Synthesis of LiMn 1- yFe yPO 4 Cathode for Lithium-ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309629. [PMID: 37988699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
LiMn1-yFeyPO4 (LMFP) is a significant and cost-effective cathode material for Li-ion batteries, with a higher working voltage than LiFePO4 (LFP) and improved safety features compared to layered oxide cathodes. However, its commercial application faces challenges due to a need for a synthesis process to overcome the low Li-ion diffusion kinetics and complex phase transitions. Herein, a solid-state synthesis process using LFP and nano LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 (MF73) is proposed. The larger LFP acts as a structural framework fused with nano-MF73, preserving the morphology and high performance of LFP. These results demonstrate that the solid-state reaction occurs quickly, even at a low sintering temperature of 500 °C, and completes at 700 °C. However, contrary to the expectations, the larger LFP particles disappeared and fused into the nano-MF73 particles, revealing that Fe ions diffuse more easily than Mn ions in the olivine framework. This discovery provides valuable insights into understanding ion diffusion in LMFP. Notably, the obtained LMFP can still deliver an initial capacity of 142.3 mAh g-1, and the phase separation during the electrochemical process is significantly suppressed, resulting in good cycling stability (91.1% capacity retention after 300 cycles). These findings offer a promising approach for synthesizing LMFP with improved performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Liu
- China National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yingqiang Wu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Hu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiaofeng Han
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fengli Bei
- China National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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3
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Ou L, Ou H, Qin M, Liu Z, Fang G, Cao X, Liang S. Recent Progress on Phosphate Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201184. [PMID: 35934677 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are attractive for large-scale energy storage due to their superiority in resources, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the lack of suitable ZIBs cathode materials limits their practical applications. In consideration of the excellent electrochemical performance of phosphate materials in monovalent ion (Li+ , Na+ ) batteries, they were also employed as ZIBs cathode materials recently and performed well with high potential. But they also suffer from low capacity and poor conductivity, and the energy storage mechanism is not clear yet. This Review provides a state-of-the art overview on the developments of phosphate cathode materials in ZIBs, including NASICON-type phosphates, fluorophosphates, olivine-structured, layered-structured, and novel-structured phosphate materials mainly. This study presents the reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance of phosphate cathode materials in aqueous ZIBs, and future research directions are discussed, which are intended to provide guidance for exploring high-potential cathode materials for ZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Huihuang Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Mulan Qin
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental CataIysis & Waste Recycling of Hunan Province, Hunan Institute of Engineering, 411104, Xiangtan, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhexuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guozhao Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Shuquan Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Electronic Packaging and Advanced Functional Materials of Hunan Province, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
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4
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Willenberg S, Carleschi E, Ross N. Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Exploration of Carbon-Infused Intercalation-Type Spinel Composite for Aqueous Systems. Front Chem 2022; 10:890291. [PMID: 35910722 PMCID: PMC9326070 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.890291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium-manganese-based compounds are promising intercalation host materials for aqueous battery systems due to their synergy with high ionic conductive aqueous electrolytes, safety, eco-friendliness, and low cost. Yet, due to poor electrical conductivity and trapping of diffused electrolyte cations within its crystal formation, achieving optimum cycle stability and rate capability remains a challenge. This unfortunately limits their use in modern day high-powered devices, which require quality output with high reliability. Here, the authors propose a facile method to produce LiMn2O4 and LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 and compare their structural stability and corresponding electrochemical performance by controlling the interfacial layer through multi-walled carbon nanotubes’ (MWCNTs) infusion. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the active particles were connected by MWCNT via the formation of a three-dimensional wiring network, suggesting that stronger interfacial bonding exists within the composite. As a result, the conducting composite decreases the electron transport distance with an increased number of active sites, thus accelerating the lithium ion intercalation/de-intercalation process. Compared to C/LMO with a Rct of 226.3 Ω and change transfer (io) of 2.75 × 10−3, the C/LFMPO-composite has a reduced Rct of 138 Ω and enhanced rate of 1.86 × 10−4 A cm−2. The faster kinetics can be attributed to the unique synergy between the conductive MWCNTs and the contribution of both single-phase and two-phase regions in Li1-x(Fe,Mn)PO4 during Li+ extraction and insertion. The electrochemical features before and after modification correlate well with the interplanar distance of the expanded manganese and manganese phosphate layers shown by their unique surface features, as analyzed by advanced spectroscopy techniques. The results reveal that MWCNTs facilitate faster electron transmission whilst maintaining the stability of the host framework, which makes them favorable as next generation cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Willenberg
- Sensorlab, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Emanuela Carleschi
- Department of Physics, Auckland Park, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natasha Ross
- Sensorlab, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Natasha Ross,
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5
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Peng Z, Zhang B, Hu G, Du K, Xie X, Wu K, Wu J, Gong Y, Shu Y, Cao Y. Green and efficient synthesis of micro-nano LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C composite with high-rate performance for Li-ion battery. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Yang J, Li C, Guang T, Zhang H, Li Z, Fan B, Ma Y, Zhu K, Wang X. Zero Lithium Miscibility Gap Enables High-Rate Equimolar Li(Mn ,Fe)PO 4 Solid Solution. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5091-5097. [PMID: 34061545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Forming olivine-structured Li(Mn,Fe)PO4 solid solution is theoretically a feasible way to improve the energy density of the solid solutions for lithium ion batteries. However, the Jahn-Teller active Mn3+ in the solid solution restricts their energy density and rate performance. Here, as demonstrated by operando X-ray diffraction, we show that equimolar LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 solid solution nanocrystals undergo a single-phase transition during the whole (de)lithiation process, with a feature of zero lithium miscibility gap, which endows the nanocrystals with excellent electrochemical properties. Specifically, the energy density of LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 reaches 625 Wh kg-1, which is 16% higher than that of LiFePO4. Moreover, the high-performance LiMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 nanocrystals are prepared by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | - Tianjia Guang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhaojin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Flexible Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | | | - Kongjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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7
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Colloidal synthesis of monodisperse ultrathin LiFePO4 nanosheets for Li-ion battery cathodes. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Hu J, Huang W, Yang L, Pan F. Structure and performance of the LiFePO 4 cathode material: from the bulk to the surface. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15036-15044. [PMID: 32647852 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, LiFePO4 is one of the most successfully commercialized cathode materials in the rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) system, owing to its excellent safety performance and remarkable electrochemical properties and is expected to have a broader market in the near future. Although it is widely recognized that the crystalline structure of a cathode material largely dictates its electrochemical properties (e.g. capacity, cycle life and rate capabilities), this intrinsic connection in LiFePO4 has not been systematically reviewed. Different from the previous reviews, which mainly focus on the improvement of electrochemical performance by all kinds of techniques, in this review, the relationship between its electrochemical performance and bulk/surface structure is reviewed and discussed. First, it is revealed that the intra-particle Li+ transfer is influenced by several properties of the bulk, including crystalline structures, antisite defects and electronic structures. Next, it is demonstrated that the surface/interfacial structures of LiFePO4, which can be reconstructed artificially or spontaneously, also have great impacts on the performances. Lastly, the intrinsic connection between the structure and performance is preliminarily established, showing brand-new perspectives on the strategy for further improvement and contributing to a comprehensive understanding of LiFePO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Hu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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9
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Yang J, Tan R, Li D, Ma J, Duan X. Ionic Liquid Assisted Electrospinning of Porous LiFe
0.4
Mn
0.6
PO
4
/CNFs as Free‐Standing Cathodes with a Pseudocapacitive Contribution for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries. Chemistry 2020; 26:5341-5346. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and TechnologyXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Rou Tan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and TechnologyXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Institute for Energy ResearchSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Ma
- School of Physics and ElectronicsHunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Duan
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and TechnologyXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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10
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Abstract
The development of next-generation energy storage materials for secondary batteries relies more and more on the delicate design and tailoring of their local structures and properties. Crystalline domain battery materials (CDBMs) are defined as a family of materials that are hierarchically engineered primarily by bonding selective atoms in certain space groups with short-range order to form nanoscale crystal domains as fundamental constructive and functional units, secondarily by integrating these interactive crystal domains under certain configurations into grains to implement electrochemical synergy, and finally by optimizing grains through nanoengineering toward advanced electrode materials. In CDBMs, adjacent crystal domains can undergo structural co-transformations with noticeable interrelationships, and the overall electrochemical performance is determined not only by the intrinsic structure of each crystal domain (element, bonding, valence, stacking, orientation, etc.) but also by the configuration of crystal domains (size, ratio, interface, distribution, interaction, etc.). Pioneering studies have shown significant enhancement of electrochemical performance by controlling crystal domains, suggesting the prospect of developing novel electrode materials through crystal-domain engineering. However, fundamental understanding and delicate fabrication of this material family, in terms of structural identification, electrochemical structure evolution, reaction mechanism, design and adjustment, and structure-performance relationship, among others, still face great challenges to meet the compelling requirements of high-performance electrode materials for secondary batteries. This Account systematically introduces the structure and electrochemistry of CDBMs. The efficient structural identification of crystal domains, which is still challenging due to their structural complexity, is demonstrated using prototype materials by advanced characterization techniques such as high-energy X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement and spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Investigations on the structural evolution of CDBMs in electrochemical reactions by ex-situ and in-situ techniques provide insights into reaction scenarios such as how ions migrate in and across crystal domains and how these crystal domains transform synergistically. A crystal-domain reaction mechanism is thus proposed to explain the electrochemistry of these materials. Design principles and adjustment strategies for designated crystal-domain structures including their components, ratios, distributions, and interfaces are deduced from the structural identification, evolution and reaction mechanism. The relationship between crystal-domain structures and electrochemical performance can further be elucidated, inspiring us to explore efficient strategies for optimizing the electrochemical performance, as validated by examples of high-performance batteries using materials with controlled crystal-domain structures. Based on these systematic studies, the trends in the rapid enrichment, deep investigation, and practical application of CDBMs are envisioned to promote continuous studies on this nascent energy storage material family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Haijun Yu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Hou YK, Pan GL, Sun YY, Gao XP. LiMn 0.8Fe 0.2PO 4/Carbon Nanospheres@Graphene Nanoribbons Prepared by the Biomineralization Process as the Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16500-16510. [PMID: 29693376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization technology is a feasible and promising route to fabricate phosphate cathode materials with hierarchical nanostructure for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, to improve the electrochemical performance of LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 (LMFP), hierarchical LMFP/carbon nanospheres are wrapped in situ with N-doped graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) via biomineralization by using yeast cells as the nucleating agent, self-assembly template, and carbon source. Such LMFP nanospheres are assembled by more fine nanocrystals with an average size of 18.3 nm. Moreover, the preferential crystal orientation along the [010] direction and certain antisite lattice defects can be identified in LMFP nanocrystals, which promote rapid diffusion of Li ions and generate more active sites for the electrochemical reaction. Moreover, such N-doped GNR networks, wrapped between LMFP/carbon nanospheres, are beneficial to the fast mobility of electrons and good penetration of the electrolyte. As expected, the as-prepared LMFP/carbon multicomposite presents the outstanding electrochemical performance, including the large initial discharge capacity of 168.8 mA h g-1, good rate capability, and excellent long-term cycling stability over 2000 cycles. Therefore, the biomineralization method is demonstrated here to be effective to manipulate the microstructure of multicomponent phosphate cathode materials based on the requirement of capacity, rate capability, and cycle stability for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Hou
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Gui-Ling Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Yan-Yun Sun
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Xue-Ping Gao
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
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Paolella A, Faure C, Bertoni G, Marras S, Guerfi A, Darwiche A, Hovington P, Commarieu B, Wang Z, Prato M, Colombo M, Monaco S, Zhu W, Feng Z, Vijh A, George C, Demopoulos GP, Armand M, Zaghib K. Light-assisted delithiation of lithium iron phosphate nanocrystals towards photo-rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14643. [PMID: 28393912 PMCID: PMC5394232 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, intensive efforts are dedicated to convert and store the solar energy in a single device. Herein, dye-synthesized solar cell technology is combined with lithium-ion materials to investigate light-assisted battery charging. In particular we report the direct photo-oxidation of lithium iron phosphate nanocrystals in the presence of a dye as a hybrid photo-cathode in a two-electrode system, with lithium metal as anode and lithium hexafluorophosphate in carbonate-based electrolyte; a configuration corresponding to lithium ion battery charging. Dye-sensitization generates electron-hole pairs with the holes aiding the delithiation of lithium iron phosphate at the cathode and electrons utilized in the formation of a solid electrolyte interface at the anode via oxygen reduction. Lithium iron phosphate acts effectively as a reversible redox agent for the regeneration of the dye. Our findings provide possibilities in advancing the design principles for photo-rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paolella
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1.,Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A OC5
| | - Cyril Faure
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | | | - Sergio Marras
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16130 Genova, Italy
| | - Abdelbast Guerfi
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Ali Darwiche
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Pierre Hovington
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Basile Commarieu
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A OC5
| | - Mirko Prato
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16130 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Colombo
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16130 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Monaco
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16130 Genova, Italy
| | - Wen Zhu
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Zimin Feng
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Ashok Vijh
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
| | - Chandramohan George
- Institute for Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - George P Demopoulos
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A OC5
| | - Michel Armand
- Cicenergigune Parque Tecnologico C/Albert Einstein 48 CP, 01510 Minano (Alava), Spain
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Institute de Recherche d-Hydro-Québec (IREQ), 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, Canada J3X 1S1
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13
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Urso C, Barawi M, Gaspari R, Sirigu G, Kriegel I, Zavelani-Rossi M, Scotognella F, Manca M, Prato M, De Trizio L, Manna L. Colloidal Synthesis of Bipolar Off-Stoichiometric Gallium Iron Oxide Spinel-Type Nanocrystals with Near-IR Plasmon Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1198-1206. [PMID: 28005337 PMCID: PMC6105077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
report the colloidal synthesis of ∼5.5 nm inverse spinel-type
oxide Ga2FeO4 (GFO) nanocrystals (NCs) with
control over the gallium and iron content. As recently theoretically
predicted, some classes of spinel-type oxide materials can be intrinsically
doped by means of structural disorder and/or change in stoichiometry.
Here we show that, indeed, while stoichiometric Ga2FeO4 NCs are intrinsic small bandgap semiconductors, off-stoichiometric
GFO NCs, produced under either Fe-rich or Ga-rich conditions, behave
as degenerately doped semiconductors. As a consequence of the generation
of free carriers, both Fe-rich and Ga-rich GFO NCs exhibit a localized
surface plasmon resonance in the near-infrared at ∼1000 nm,
as confirmed by our pump–probe absorption measurements. Noteworthy,
the photoelectrochemical characterization of our GFO NCs reveal that
the majority carriers are holes in Fe-rich samples, and electrons
in Ga-rich ones, highlighting the bipolar nature of this material.
The behavior of such off-stoichiometric NCs was explained by our density
functional theory calculations as follows: the substitution of Ga3+ by Fe2+ ions, occurring in Fe-rich conditions,
can generate free holes (p-type doping), while the replacement of
Fe2+ by Ga3+ cations, taking place in Ga-rich
samples, produces free electrons (n-type doping). These findings underscore
the potential relevance of spinel-type oxides as p-type transparent
conductive oxides and as plasmonic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Urso
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, Genova, Italy.,Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 31, Genova, Italy
| | - Mariam Barawi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Roberto Gaspari
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, Genova, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sirigu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilka Kriegel
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
| | - Margherita Zavelani-Rossi
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano , via Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie CNR , Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano , P.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie CNR , Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Manca
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
| | - Luca De Trizio
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , via Morego 30, Genova, Italy
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14
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Graphene encapsulated spherical hierarchical superstructures self-assembled by LiFe0.75Mn0.25PO4 nanoplates for high-performance Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Zhao J, Li Y, Peng X, Dong S, Ma J, Cui G, Chen L. High-voltage Zn/LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 aqueous rechargeable battery by virtue of “water-in-salt” electrolyte. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Cho E, Song K, Park MH, Nam KW, Kang YM. SnS 3D Flowers with Superb Kinetic Properties for Anodic Use in Next-Generation Sodium Rechargeable Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:2510-2517. [PMID: 27008436 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tin sulfide (SnS) 3D flowers containing hierarchical nanosheet subunits are synthesized using a simple polyol process. The Li ion cells incorporating SnS 3D flowers exhibit an excellent rate capability, as well as good cycling stability, compared to SnS bulks and Sn nanoparticles. These desirable properties can be attributed to their unique morphology having not only large surface reaction area but also enough space between individual 2D nanosheets, which alleviates the pulverization of SnS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Cho
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Dongguk, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongse Song
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Dongguk, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hui Park
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Dongguk, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Wan Nam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Dongguk, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Dongguk, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
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17
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Chen L, Dilena E, Paolella A, Bertoni G, Ansaldo A, Colombo M, Marras S, Scrosati B, Manna L, Monaco S. Relevance of LiPF6 as Etching Agent of LiMnPO4 Colloidal Nanocrystals for High Rate Performing Li-ion Battery Cathodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4069-4075. [PMID: 26799094 PMCID: PMC4759613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
LiMnPO4 is an attractive cathode material for the next-generation high power Li-ion batteries, due to its high theoretical specific capacity (170 mA h g(-1)) and working voltage (4.1 V vs Li(+)/Li). However, two main drawbacks prevent the practical use of LiMnPO4: its low electronic conductivity and the limited lithium diffusion rate, which are responsible for the poor rate capability of the cathode. The electronic resistance is usually lowered by coating the particles with carbon, while the use of nanosize particles can alleviate the issues associated with poor ionic conductivity. It is therefore of primary importance to develop a synthetic route to LiMnPO4 nanocrystals (NCs) with controlled size and coated with a highly conductive carbon layer. We report here an effective surface etching process (using LiPF6) on colloidally synthesized LiMnPO4 NCs that makes the NCs dispersible in the aqueous glucose solution used as carbon source for the carbon coating step. Also, it is likely that the improved exposure of the NC surface to glucose facilitates the formation of a conductive carbon layer that is in intimate contact with the inorganic core, resulting in a high electronic conductivity of the electrode, as observed by us. The carbon coated etched LiMnPO4-based electrode exhibited a specific capacity of 118 mA h g(-1) at 1C, with a stable cycling performance and a capacity retention of 92% after 120 cycles at different C-rates. The delivered capacities were higher than those of electrodes based on not etched carbon coated NCs, which never exceeded 30 mA h g(-1). The rate capability here reported for the carbon coated etched LiMnPO4 nanocrystals represents an important result, taking into account that in the electrode formulation 80% wt is made of the active material and the adopted charge protocol is based on reasonable fast charge times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Dilena
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Paolella
- IREQ
- Institut de Recherche d’Hydro-Québec, 1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X
1S, Canada
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Ansaldo
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Colombo
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Marras
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Scrosati
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Monaco
- Department of Nanochemistry, and Graphene Laboratories, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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18
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Electrochemical properties of self-assembled porous micro-spherical LiFePO4/PAS composite prepared by spray-drying method. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Wang K, Hou M, Yuan S, Yu H, Wang Y, Wang C, Xia Y. An additional discharge plateau of Mn3+ in LiFe0.5Mn0.5PO4 at high current rates. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Kapaev R, Novikova S, Kulova T, Skundin A, Yaroslavtsev A. Conductivity and electrochemical behavior of Li1-x Fe1-2x (MIIMIII) x PO4 with olivine structure. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-2771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Paolella A, Bertoni G, Marras S, Dilena E, Colombo M, Prato M, Riedinger A, Povia M, Ansaldo A, Zaghib K, Manna L, George C. Etched colloidal LiFePO4 nanoplatelets toward high-rate capable Li-ion battery electrodes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6828-35. [PMID: 25372361 PMCID: PMC4264480 DOI: 10.1021/nl504093w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
LiFePO4 has been intensively investigated as a cathode material in Li-ion batteries, as it can in principle enable the development of high power electrodes. LiFePO4, on the other hand, is inherently "plagued" by poor electronic and ionic conductivity. While the problems with low electron conductivity are partially solved by carbon coating and further by doping or by downsizing the active particles to nanoscale dimensions, poor ionic conductivity is still an issue. To develop colloidally synthesized LiFePO4 nanocrystals (NCs) optimized for high rate applications, we propose here a surface treatment of the NCs. The particles as delivered from the synthesis have a surface passivated with long chain organic surfactants, and therefore can be dispersed only in aprotic solvents such as chloroform or toluene. Glucose that is commonly used as carbon source for carbon-coating procedure is not soluble in these solvents, but it can be dissolved in water. In order to make the NCs hydrophilic, we treated them with lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), which removes the surfactant ligand shell while preserving the structural and morphological properties of the NCs. Only a roughening of the edges of NCs was observed due to a partial etching of their surface. Electrodes prepared from these platelet NCs (after carbon coating) delivered a capacity of ∼ 155 mAh/g, ∼ 135 mAh/g, and ∼ 125 mAh/g, at 1 C, 5 C, and 10 C, respectively, with significant capacity retention and remarkable rate capability. For example, at 61 C (10.3 A/g), a capacity of ∼ 70 mAh/g was obtained, and at 122 C (20.7 A/g), the capacity was ∼ 30 mAh/g. The rate capability and the ease of scalability in the preparation of these surface-treated nanoplatelets make them highly suitable as electrodes in Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Paolella
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Institut
de Recherche
d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ),1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1S1, Canada
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR, Parco Area delle Scienze
37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Marras
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Dilena
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Colombo
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Andreas Riedinger
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Optical
Materials Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Povia
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Ansaldo
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Karim Zaghib
- Institut
de Recherche
d’Hydro-Québec (IREQ),1800 Boulevard Lionel Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1S1, Canada
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- E-mail:
| | - Chandramohan George
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Institute for
Manufacturing, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 17 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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22
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Wang Y, Feng ZS, Wang LL, Yu L, Chen JJ, Liang Z, Wang R. A joint experimental and theoretical study on the effect of manganese doping on the structural, electrochemical and physical properties of lithium iron phosphate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11366g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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