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Reilly CE, Dillon RJ, Nayak A, Brogan S, Moot T, Brennaman MK, Lopez R, Meyer TJ, Alibabaei L. Dye-Sensitized Nonstoichiometric Strontium Titanate Core-Shell Photocathodes for Photoelectrosynthesis Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15261-15269. [PMID: 33745279 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell approach that utilizes a high-surface-area conducting core and an outer semiconductor shell is exploited here to prepare p-type dye-sensitized solar energy cells that operate with a minimal applied bias. Photocathodes were prepared by coating thin films of nanocrystalline indium tin oxide with a 0.8 nm Al2O3 seeding layer, followed by the chemical growth of nonstoichiometric strontium titanate. Films were annealed and sensitized with either a porphyrin chromophore or a chromophore-catalyst molecular assembly consisting of the porphyrin covalently tethered to the ruthenium complex. The sensitized photoelectrodes produced cathodic photocurrents of up to -315 μA/cm2 under simulated sunlight (AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2) in aqueous media, pH 5. The photocurrent was increased by the addition of regenerative hole donors to the system, consistent with slow interfacial recombination kinetics, an important property of p-type dye-sensitized electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shane Brogan
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Taylor Moot
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew K Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rene Lopez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Kong W, Zhang X, Guo Y, He G, Liu H, Zhang S, Yang B. TiO2@PCN core-shell nanoarrays decorated with Au nanoparticles for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Zhao Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Adair K, Zhao F, Sun Y, Wu T, Bi X, Amine K, Lu J, Sun X. Atomic/molecular layer deposition for energy storage and conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3889-3956. [PMID: 33523063 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00156b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Energy storage and conversion systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting, have played vital roles in the reduction of fossil fuel usage, addressing environmental issues and the development of electric vehicles. The fabrication and surface/interface engineering of electrode materials with refined structures are indispensable for achieving optimal performances for the different energy-related devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD) techniques, the gas-phase thin film deposition processes with self-limiting and saturated surface reactions, have emerged as powerful techniques for surface and interface engineering in energy-related devices due to their exceptional capability of precise thickness control, excellent uniformity and conformity, tunable composition and relatively low deposition temperature. In the past few decades, ALD and MLD have been intensively studied for energy storage and conversion applications with remarkable progress. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary of the development and achievements of ALD and MLD and their applications for energy storage and conversion, including batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, solar cells, and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, the fundamental understanding of the mechanisms involved in different devices will be deeply reviewed. Furthermore, the large-scale potential of ALD and MLD techniques is discussed and predicted. Finally, we will provide insightful perspectives on future directions for new material design by ALD and MLD and untapped opportunities in energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
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Wang Y, Guo H, Luo X, Liu X, Hu Z, Han L, Zhang Z. Nonsiliceous Mesoporous Materials: Design and Applications in Energy Conversion and Storage. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805277. [PMID: 30869834 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the progress in the design of nonsiliceous mesoporous materials (nonSiMPMs) over the last five years from the perspectives of the chemical composition, morphology, loading, and surface modification is summarized. Carbon, metal, and metal oxide are in focus, which are the most promising compositions. Then, representative applications of nonSiMPMs are demonstrated in energy conversion and storage, including recent technical advances in dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, fuel cells, storage batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage systems. Finally, the requirements and challenges of the design and application of nonSiMPMs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Wang
- School of High Temperature Materials and Magnesite Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Luo
- School of High Temperature Materials and Magnesite Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of High Temperature Materials and Magnesite Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
| | - Lu Han
- School of High Temperature Materials and Magnesite Resources Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Functional Material, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, 185 Qianshan Zhong Road, Anshan, 114044, P. R. China
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Liu Q, Wang D, Shan B, Sherman BD, Marquard SL, Eberhart MS, Liu M, Li C, Meyer TJ. Light-driven water oxidation by a dye-sensitized photoanode with a chromophore/catalyst assembly on a mesoporous double-shell electrode. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041727. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5048780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michael S. Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Meichuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Zhengzou University, Henan 4500001, China
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Piechota EJ, Brady MD, Meyer GJ. Barriers for interfacial back-electron transfer: A comparison between TiO2 and SnO2/TiO2 core/shell structures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041719. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Eric J. Piechota
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Matthew D. Brady
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Li W, Elzatahry A, Aldhayan D, Zhao D. Core-shell structured titanium dioxide nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8203-8237. [PMID: 30137079 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00443a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of its unmatched resource potential, solar energy utilization currently is one of the hottest research areas. Much effort has been devoted to developing advanced materials for converting solar energy into electricity, solar fuels, active chemicals, or heat. Among them, TiO2 nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties such as low cost, nontoxicity, good stability and excellent optical and electrical properties. Great progress has been made, but research opportunities are still present for creating new nanostructured TiO2 materials. Core-shell structured nanomaterials are of great interest as they provide a platform to integrate multiple components into a functional system, showing improved or new physical and chemical properties, which are unavailable from the isolated components. Consequently, significant effort is underway to design, fabricate and evaluate core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization to overcome the remaining challenges, for example, insufficient light absorption and low quantum efficiency. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of major advances in the synthesis of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. This review starts from the general protocols to construct core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials, and then discusses their applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, solar cells and photothermal conversion. Finally, we conclude with an outlook section to offer some insights on the future directions and prospects of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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Shaikh JS, Shaikh NS, Mali SS, Patil JV, Pawar KK, Kanjanaboos P, Hong CK, Kim JH, Patil PS. Nanoarchitectures in dye-sensitized solar cells: metal oxides, oxide perovskites and carbon-based materials. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4987-5034. [PMID: 29488524 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have aroused great interest and been regarded as a potential renewable energy resource among the third-generation solar cell technologies to fulfill the 21st century global energy demand. DSSCs have notable advantages such as low cost, easy fabrication process and being eco-friendly in nature. The progress of DSSCs over the last 20 years has been nearly constant due to some limitations, like poor long-term stability, narrow absorption spectrum, charge carrier transportation and collection losses and poor charge transfer mechanism for regeneration of dye molecules. The main challenge for the scientific community is to improve the performance of DSSCs by using different approaches, like finding new electrode materials with suitable nanoarchitectures, dyes in composition with promising semiconductors and metal quantum dot fluorescent dyes, and cost-effective hole transporting materials (HTMs). This review focuses on DSSC photo-physics, which includes charge separation, effective transportation, collection and recombination processes. Different nanostructured materials, including metal oxides, oxide perovskites and carbon-based composites, have been studied for photoanodes, and counter electrodes, which are crucial to achieve DSSC devices with higher efficiency and better stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S Shaikh
- Thin film materials laboratory, Department of Physics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416004, India.
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Troian-Gautier L, DiMarco BN, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Meyer GJ. Evidence that ΔS‡ Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO2 to Molecular Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3019-3029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian N. DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Wang D, Farnum BH, Sheridan MV, Marquard SL, Sherman BD, Meyer TJ. Inner Layer Control of Performance in a Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33533-33538. [PMID: 28244735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer and core-shell structures play important roles in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPEC) for water splitting into H2 and O2. An important element in the design of the photoanode in these devices is a core/shell structure which controls local electron transfer dynamics. Here, we introduce a new element, an internal layer of Al2O3 lying between the Sb:SnO2/TiO2 layers in a core/shell electrode which can improve photocurrents by up to 300%. In these structures, the results of photocurrent, transient absorption, and linear scan voltammetry measurements point to an important role for the Al2O3 layer in controlling internal electron transfer within the core/shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Alibabaei L, Brennaman MK, Meyer TJ. Light-Driven Water Splitting in the Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5924-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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13
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Hai Z, Karbalaei Akbari M, Wei Z, Xue C, Xu H, Hu J, Zhuiykov S. Nano-thickness dependence of supercapacitor performance of the ALD-fabricated two-dimensional WO3. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rosser TE, Reisner E. Understanding Immobilized Molecular Catalysts for Fuel-Forming Reactions through UV/Vis Spectroelectrochemistry. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Rosser
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory
for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Fabrication a thin nickel oxide layer on photoanodes for control of charge recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang W, Liu Y, Qu J, Chen Y, Tadé MO, Shao Z. Synthesis of Hierarchical TiO2
-C3
N4
Hybrid Microspheres with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photovoltaic Activities by Maximizing the Synergistic Effect. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Curtin University; Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Curtin University; Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Jifa Qu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yubo Chen
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Moses O. Tadé
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Curtin University; Perth WA 6845 Australia
| | - Zongping Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Curtin University; Perth WA 6845 Australia
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 210009 China
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Brennaman MK, Dillon RJ, Alibabaei L, Gish MK, Dares CJ, Ashford DL, House RL, Meyer GJ, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Finding the Way to Solar Fuels with Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13085-13102. [PMID: 27654634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) integrates high bandgap, nanoparticle oxide semiconductors with the light-absorbing and catalytic properties of designed chromophore-catalyst assemblies. The goals are photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen and reduction of CO2 by water to give oxygen and carbon-based fuels. Solar-driven water oxidation occurs at a photoanode and water or CO2 reduction at a cathode or photocathode initiated by molecular-level light absorption. Light absorption is followed by electron or hole injection, catalyst activation, and catalytic water oxidation or water/CO2 reduction. The DSPEC is of recent origin but significant progress has been made. It has the potential to play an important role in our energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Melissa K Gish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dennis L Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ralph L House
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Verma R, Awasthi A, Singh P, Srivastava R, Sheng H, Wen J, Miller DJ, Srivastava AK. Interactions of titania based nanoparticles with silica and green-tea: Photo-degradation and -luminescence. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 475:82-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Song W, Gong Y, Tian J, Cao G, Zhao H, Sun C. Novel Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Enhanced Light-Harvesting and Electron-Collection Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13418-13425. [PMID: 27169327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel photoanode structure modified by porous flowerlike CeO2 microspheres as a scattering layer with a thin TiO2 film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is prepared to achieve a significantly enhanced performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The light scattering capability of the photoanode with the porous CeO2 microsphere layer is considerably improved. The interconnection of particles and electrical contact between bilayer and conducting substrate is further enhanced by an ALD-deposited TiO2 film, which effectively reduces the electron recombination and facilitates electron transport and thus enhances the charge collection efficiency of DSSCs. As a result, the overall efficiency of the obtained TiO2-CeO2-based cells reaches 9.86%, which is 31% higher than that of the DSSCs with a conventional TiO2 photoanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Song
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yudong Gong
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianjun Tian
- Advanced Materials and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials and Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Huabo Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunwen Sun
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) , Beijing 100083, China
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Singh R, Bapat R, Qin L, Feng H, Polshettiwar V. Atomic Layer Deposited (ALD) TiO2 on Fibrous Nano-Silica (KCC-1) for Photocatalysis: Nanoparticle Formation and Size Quantization Effect. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Singh
- Nanocatalysis Laboratories
(NanoCat), Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Rudheer Bapat
- Nanocatalysis Laboratories
(NanoCat), Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Lijun Qin
- Laboratory of Material Surface Engineering and Nanofabrication, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- Laboratory of Material Surface Engineering and Nanofabrication, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivek Polshettiwar
- Nanocatalysis Laboratories
(NanoCat), Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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Nayak A, Roy S, Sherman BD, Alibabaei L, Lapides AM, Brennaman MK, Wee KR, Meyer TJ. Phosphonate-Derivatized Porphyrins for Photoelectrochemical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:3853-3860. [PMID: 26788585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of phosphonate-derivatized, high redox potential porphyrins with mesityl, pentafluorophenyl, and heptafluoropropyl meso-substituents were synthesized by acid-catalyzed condensation reactions. Ground and excited state redox potentials in the series were varied systematically with the electron-donating or electron-accepting nature of the meso-substitutents. The extent of excitation and injection by porphyrin singlet excited states surface-bound to SnO2/TiO2 core/shell metal oxide nanoparticle films varies with the excited state reduction potential, E°(')(P(+)/P*). With the mesityl-substituted porphyrin, high current density and sustained photocurrents are observed at pH 7 with the addition of the electron transfer donor hydroquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Subhangi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Alexander M Lapides
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , 121 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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22
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Artificial photosynthesis: Where are we now? Where can we go? JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Fang Y, He J, Zhang K, Xiao C, Zhang B, Shen J, Niu H, Yan R, Chen J. Ar plasma irradiation improved optical and electrical properties of TiO₂/Ag/TiO₂ multilayer thin film. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5455-5458. [PMID: 26625024 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Embedding a thin metal layer between two thin dielectric or semiconductor layers [dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD)] leads to a kind of transparent electrode that is promising as a substitute for the currently widely applied indium tin oxide electrode. However, the optical and electrical properties of DMD still wait for further improvement. In this study, Ar plasma irradiation (API) was, for the first time to our knowledge, applied to improve the optical and electrical properties of a TiO2/Ag/TiO2 electrode that was fabricated by electron-beam evaporation of TiO2 and electric-resistance heating of high purity Ag under vacuum. Ar plasma was produced by radio frequency glow discharge. The Ag layer was bombarded before the second layer of TiO2 was deposited. The electrode with configuration of TiO2 (24 nm)/Ag(14 nm)/TiO2 (24 nm) after API for 10 s shows excellent performance. The mean transmittance between 370 and 800 nm reaches 94% and the sheet resistance is as low as 6 Ω/sq, while Haacke's figure of merit is as high as 112×10(-3) Ω(-1). The improvement mechanism is discussed based on field emission scanning electron microscope images and absorption spectra. The improvement is attributed to the fact that API reduces the localized surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles and makes the Ag film thinner and denser.
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24
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Luo H, Fang Z, Song N, Garvey T, Lopez R, Meyer TJ. High Surface Area Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Electrodes Templated by Graft Copolymerization. Applications in Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25121-25128. [PMID: 26488595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous ATO nanocrystalline electrodes of micrometer thicknesses have been prepared from ATO nanocrystals and the grafted copolymer templating agents poly vinyl chloride-g-poly(oxyethylene methacrylate). As-obtained electrodes have high interfacial surface areas, large pore volumes, and rapid intraoxide electron transfer. The resulting high surface area materials are useful substrates for electrochemically catalyzed water oxidation. With thin added shells of TiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and a surface-bound Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore, they become photoanodes for hydrogen generation in the presence of a reductive scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Luo
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Na Song
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Timothy Garvey
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Rene Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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25
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Ashford DL, Gish MK, Vannucci AK, Brennaman MK, Templeton JL, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13006-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L. Ashford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Melissa K. Gish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph L. Templeton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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26
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Hoshian S, Jokinen V, Hjort K, Ras RHA, Franssila S. Amplified and localized photoswitching of TiO2 by micro- and nanostructuring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:15593-15599. [PMID: 26115550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fast photoswitching of wetting properties is important for the development of micro/nanofluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip devices. Here, we show how structuring the surface amplifies photoswitching properties. Atomic layer-deposited titanium dioxide (TiO2) has phototunable hydrophilic properties due to its surface chemistry, but microscale overhang pillars and additional nanoscale topography can override the chemistry and make the surface superhydrophobic. Three switching processes are achieved simply by controlling the UV exposure time: from (1) rolling superhydrophobic to sticky superhydrophobic (Cassie-Baxter to Wenzel), (2) superhydrophobic to hydrophilic, and (3) superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic after 1, 5, and 10 min of UV exposure, respectively. We report the fastest reversible switching to date: 1 min of UV exposure is enough to promote a rolling-to-sticky transition, and mild heating (30 min at 60 °C) is sufficient for recovery. This performance is caused by a combination of the photoswitching properties of TiO2, the micropillar overhang geometry, and surface nanostructuring. We demonstrate that the switching also can be performed locally by introducing microwriting under a water droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Klas Hjort
- ‡Division of Microsystems Technology, Uppsala University, SE-752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Hong JY, Bae SE, Won YS, Huh S. Simple preparation of lotus-root shaped meso-/macroporous TiO2 and their DSSC performances. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 448:467-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Visible photoelectrochemical water splitting into H2 and O2 in a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5899-902. [PMID: 25918426 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid strategy for solar water splitting is exploited here based on a dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) with a mesoporous SnO2/TiO2 core/shell nanostructured electrode derivatized with a surface-bound Ru(II) polypyridyl-based chromophore-catalyst assembly. The assembly, [(4,4'-(PO3H2)2bpy)2Ru(4-Mebpy-4'-bimpy)Ru(tpy)(OH2)](4+) ([Ru(a) (II)-Ru(b) (II)-OH2](4+), combines both a light absorber and a water oxidation catalyst in a single molecule. It was attached to the TiO2 shell by phosphonate-surface oxide binding. The oxide-bound assembly was further stabilized on the surface by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of either Al2O3 or TiO2 overlayers. Illumination of the resulting fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)|SnO2/TiO2|-[Ru(a) (II)-Ru(b) (II)-OH2](4+)(Al2O3 or TiO2) photoanodes in photoelectrochemical cells with a Pt cathode and a small applied bias resulted in visible-light water splitting as shown by direct measurements of both evolved H2 and O2. The performance of the resulting DSPECs varies with shell thickness and the nature and extent of the oxide overlayer. Use of the SnO2/TiO2 core/shell compared with nanoITO/TiO2 with the same assembly results in photocurrent enhancements of ∼ 5. Systematic variations in shell thickness and ALD overlayer lead to photocurrent densities as high as 1.97 mA/cm(2) with 445-nm, ∼ 90-mW/cm(2) illumination in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.
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29
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Garvey TR, Farnum BH, Lopez R. Pulsed laser deposited porous nano-carpets of indium tin oxide and their use as charge collectors in core-shell structures for dye sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2400-2408. [PMID: 25563519 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05793g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Porous In2O3:Sn (ITO) films resembling from brush carpets to open moss-like discrete nanostructures were grown by pulsed laser deposition under low to high background gas pressures, respectively. The charge transport properties of these mesoporous substrates were probed by pulsed laser photo-current and -voltage transient measurements in N719 dye sensitized devices. Although the cyclic voltammetry and dye adsorption measurements suggest a lower proportion of electro-active dye molecules for films deposited at the high-end background gas pressures, the transient measurements indicate similar electron transport rates within the films. Solar cell operation was achieved by the deposition of a conformal TiO2 shell layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Much of the device improvement was shown to be due to the TiO2 shell blocking the recombination of photoelectrons with the electrolyte as recombination lifetimes increased drastically from a few seconds in uncoated ITO to over 50 minutes in the ITO with a TiO2 shell layer. Additionally, an order of magnitude increase in the electron transport rate in ITO/TiO2 (core/shell) films was observed, giving the core-shell structure a superior ratio of recombination/transport times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Garvey
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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30
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Niu W, Li X, Karuturi SK, Fam DW, Fan H, Shrestha S, Wong LH, Tok AIY. Applications of atomic layer deposition in solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:064001. [PMID: 25604730 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/064001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) provides a unique tool for the growth of thin films with excellent conformity and thickness control down to atomic levels. The application of ALD in energy research has received increasing attention in recent years. In this review, the versatility of ALD in solar cells will be discussed. This is specifically focused on the fabrication of nanostructured photoelectrodes, surface passivation, surface sensitization, and band-structure engineering of solar cell materials. Challenges and future directions of ALD in the applications of solar cells are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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31
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Zhang G, Wu Y, Ding H, Zhu Y, Li J, Lin Y, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Pan N, Luo Y, Wang X. Remarkable enhancement of photovoltaic performance of ZnO/CdTe core–shell nanorod array solar cells through interface passivation with a TiO2 layer. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of the ZnO/CdTe core–shell nanorod array solar cell can be dramatically improved with a thin passivation TiO2 layer on the interface.
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32
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Lu Y, Poole II JE, Aytug T, Meyer III HM, Ozcan S. Tunable morphologies of indium tin oxide nanostructures using nanocellulose templates. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocellulose fibrils have been used as sacrificial templates for synthesizing ITO nanoparticles with controllable morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Joseph E. Poole II
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Tolga Aytug
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Harry M. Meyer III
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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33
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Lee B, Guo P, Li SQ, Buchholz DB, Chang RPH. Three dimensional indium-tin-oxide nanorod array for charge collection in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17713-17722. [PMID: 25147966 DOI: 10.1021/am504126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report the design, fabrication, characterization, and simulation of three-dimensional (3D) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), using ordered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanorod (NR) arrays as the photoanode, and compare them with conventional planar (2D) DSSCs. The ITO NR array used in the 3D cell greatly improves its performance by providing shorter electron pathways and reducing the recombination rate of the photogenerated electrons. We observed a 10-20% enhancement of the energy conversion efficiency, primarily due to an increased short circuit current. This finding supports the concept of using 3D photoanodes with optically transparent and conducting nanorods for the enhancement of the energy-harvesting devices that require short charge collection distance without sacrificing the optical thickness. Thus, unlike the conventional solar cell structure, the functions for photon collection and charge transport are decoupled to allow for improved cell designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Materials Research Institute, Northwestern University , 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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34
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Song W, Vannucci AK, Farnum BH, Lapides AM, Brennaman MK, Kalanyan B, Alibabaei L, Concepcion JJ, Losego MD, Parsons GN, Meyer TJ. Visible Light Driven Benzyl Alcohol Dehydrogenation in a Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9773-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Alexander M. Lapides
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Berç Kalanyan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mark D. Losego
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory N. Parsons
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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