1
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Randerson SA, Zotev PG, Hu X, Knight AJ, Wang Y, Nagarkar S, Hensman D, Wang Y, Tartakovskii AI. High Q Hybrid Mie-Plasmonic Resonances in van der Waals Nanoantennas on Gold Substrate. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16208-16221. [PMID: 38869002 PMCID: PMC11210342 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Dielectric nanoresonators have been shown to circumvent the heavy optical losses associated with plasmonic devices; however, they suffer from less confined resonances. By constructing a hybrid system of both dielectric and metallic materials, one can retain low losses, while achieving stronger mode confinement. Here, we use a high refractive index multilayer transition-metal dichalcogenide WS2 exfoliated on gold to fabricate and optically characterize a hybrid nanoantenna-on-gold system. We experimentally observe a hybridization of Mie resonances, Fabry-Perot modes, and surface plasmon-polaritons launched from the nanoantennas into the substrate. We measure the experimental quality factors of hybridized Mie-plasmonic (MP) modes to be up to 33 times that of standard Mie resonances in the nanoantennas on silica. We then tune the nanoantenna geometries to observe signatures of a supercavity mode with a further increased Q factor of over 260 in experiment. We show that this quasi-bound state in the continuum results from strong coupling between a Mie resonance and Fabry-Perot-plasmonic mode in the vicinity of the higher-order anapole condition. We further simulate WS2 nanoantennas on gold with a 5 nm thick hBN spacer in between. By placing a dipole within this spacer, we calculate the overall light extraction enhancement of over 107, resulting from the strong, subwavelength confinement of the incident light, a Purcell factor of over 700, and high directivity of the emitted light of up to 50%. We thus show that multilayer TMDs can be used to realize simple-to-fabricate, hybrid dielectric-on-metal nanophotonic devices granting access to high-Q, strongly confined, MP resonances, along with a large enhancement for emitters in the TMD-gold gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Randerson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Panaiot G. Zotev
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Xuerong Hu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Alexander J. Knight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Sharada Nagarkar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Dominic Hensman
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Physics, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
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2
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Grain N, Kim S. Insight into refractive index modulation as route to enhanced light coupling in semiconductor nanowires. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:227-230. [PMID: 36638424 DOI: 10.1364/ol.478419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in chemical processes to prepare single-crystalline nanowire (NW) superlattices (SLs) have discovered a range of unique nanophotonic properties. In particular, diameter-modulated silicon NW geometric SLs (GSLs) have shown their ability to produce complex interference effects through which enhanced light manipulation is achieved. Here, we re-imagine the origin of the complex interference effects occurring in shallow-modulated GSLs and present a refractive index modulation as a key deciding factor. We introduce the design of a NW refractive index SL (ISL), a hypothetical uniform-diameter NW in which the refractive index is periodically modulated, and explain the coupling effect between Mie resonance and bound guided state. We apply the ISL concept to other NW SL systems and suggest potential routes to bring substantial enhancements in lasing activities.
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3
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Tang J, Zhang J, Lv Y, Wang H, Xu FF, Zhang C, Sun L, Yao J, Zhao YS. Room temperature exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation in organic single-crystal microribbon cavities. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3265. [PMID: 34075038 PMCID: PMC8169864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation (EP BEC) is of crucial importance for the development of coherent light sources and optical logic elements, as it creates a new state of matter with coherent nature and nonlinear behaviors. The demand for room temperature EP BEC has driven the development of organic polaritons because of the large binding energies of Frenkel excitons in organic materials. However, the reliance on external high-finesse microcavities for organic EP BEC results in poor compactness and integrability of devices, which restricts their practical applications in on-chip integration. Here, we demonstrate room temperature EP BEC in organic single-crystal microribbon natural cavities. The regularly shaped microribbons serve as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, in which efficient strong coupling between Frenkel excitons and photons leads to the generation of EPs at room temperature. The large exciton–photon coupling strength due to high exciton densities facilitates the achievement of EP BEC. Taking advantages of interactions in EP condensates and dimension confinement effects, we demonstrate the realization of controllable output of coherent light from the microribbons. We hope that the results will provide a useful enlightenment for using organic single crystals to construct miniaturized polaritonic devices. The use of room temperature exciton–polariton Bose–Einstein condensation is limited by the need for external high-finesse microcavities. The authors generate room temperature EPs with single-crystal microribbons as waveguide Fabry–Pérot microcavities, and demonstrate controllable output of coherent light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liaoxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Liu W, Ji Z, Wang Y, Modi G, Hwang M, Zheng B, Sorger VJ, Pan A, Agarwal R. Generation of helical topological exciton-polaritons. Science 2020; 370:600-604. [PMID: 33033158 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Topological photonics in strongly coupled light-matter systems offer the possibility for fabricating tunable optical devices that are robust against disorder and defects. Topological polaritons, i.e., hybrid exciton-photon quasiparticles, have been proposed to demonstrate scatter-free chiral propagation, but their experimental realization to date has been at deep cryogenic temperatures and under strong magnetic fields. We demonstrate helical topological polaritons up to 200 kelvin without external magnetic field in monolayer WS2 excitons coupled to a nontrivial photonic crystal protected by pseudo time-reversal symmetry. The helical nature of the topological polaritons, where polaritons with opposite helicities are transported to opposite directions, is verified. Topological helical polaritons provide a platform for developing robust and tunable polaritonic spintronic devices for classical and quantum information-processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhurun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gaurav Modi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Minsoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Biyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Volker J Sorger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Liu W, Hwang M, Ji Z, Wang Y, Modi G, Agarwal R. Z 2 Photonic Topological Insulators in the Visible Wavelength Range for Robust Nanoscale Photonics. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1329-1335. [PMID: 31935104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Topological photonics provides an ideal platform for demonstrating novel band topology concepts, which are also promising for robust waveguiding, communication, and computation applications. However, many challenges such as extremely large device footprint and functionality at short wavelengths remain to be solved which are required to make practical and useful devices that can also couple to electronic excitations in many important organic and inorganic semiconductors. In this letter, we report an experimental realization of Z2 photonic topological insulators with their topological edge state energies spanning across the visible wavelength range including in the sub-500 nm regime, which requires highly optimized nanofabrication. The photonic structures are based on deformed hexagonal lattices with preserved 6-fold rotational symmetry patterned on suspended SiNx membranes. The experimentally measured energy-momentum dispersion of the topological lattices directly shows topological band inversion by the swapping of the brightness of the bulk energy bands, and also the helical edge states when the measurement is taken near the topological interface. The robust topological transport of the helical edge modes in real space is demonstrated by successfully guiding circularly polarized light beams unidirectionally through sharp kinks without significant signal loss. This work paves the way for small footprint photonic topological devices working in the short wavelength range that can also be utilized to couple to excitons for unconventional light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Minsoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Zhurun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Gaurav Modi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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6
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Liu W, Wang Y, Zheng B, Hwang M, Ji Z, Liu G, Li Z, Sorger VJ, Pan A, Agarwal R. Observation and Active Control of a Collective Polariton Mode and Polaritonic Band Gap in Few-Layer WS 2 Strongly Coupled with Plasmonic Lattices. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:790-798. [PMID: 31846342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconductors host excitons with very large oscillator strengths and binding energies due to significantly reduced carrier screening. Two-dimensional semiconductors integrated with optical cavities are emerging as a promising platform for studying strong light-matter interactions as a route to explore a variety of exotic many-body effects. Here, in few-layered WS2 coupled with plasmonic nanoparticle lattices, we observe the formation of a collective polaritonic mode near the exciton energy and the formation of a complete polariton band gap with energy scale comparable to the exciton-plasmon coupling strength. A coupled oscillator model reveals that the collective mode arises from the cooperative coupling of the excitons to the plasmonic lattice diffraction orders via exciton-exciton interactions, leading to ultrastrong coupling. The emergence of the collective mode is accompanied by a superlinear increase of the polariton mode splitting as a function of the square root of the exciton oscillator strength. The presence of these many body effects, which are enhanced in systems which lack bulk polarization, not only allows the formation of a collective mode with periodically varying field profiles, but also further enhances the exciton-plasmon coupling. By integrating the hybrid WS2-plasmonic lattice device with a field-effect transistor, we demonstrate active tuning of the collective mode and the polariton band gap. We also report electrically tunable waveguiding in the polariton band gap region through a line defect, which can be turned off with gate bias that can extinguish the collective mode and the polariton band gap. These systems provide new opportunities for obtaining a deeper and systematic understanding of many body cooperative phenomena in two-dimensional materials coupled with periodic photonic systems and for designing more complex and actively controllable polaritonic devices including switchable polariton lasers, waveguides, and optical logical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Biyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Science , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Minsoo Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Zhurun Ji
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Gerui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Science , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Volker J Sorger
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , George Washington University 800 22nd St., Science & Engineering Hall , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Science , Hunan University , Changsha , Hunan 410082 , P. R. China
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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7
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Li Q, Li C, Shang Q, Zhao L, Zhang S, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang Q. Lasing from reduced dimensional perovskite microplatelets: Fabry-Pérot or whispering-gallery-mode? J Chem Phys 2019; 151:211101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xina Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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8
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Kang JW, Song B, Liu W, Park SJ, Agarwal R, Cho CH. Room temperature polariton lasing in quantum heterostructure nanocavities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau9338. [PMID: 31016237 PMCID: PMC6474768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultralow-threshold coherent light emitters can be achieved through lasing from exciton-polariton condensates, but this generally requires sophisticated device structures and cryogenic temperatures. Polaritonic nanolasers operating at room temperature lie on the crucial path of related research, not only for the exploration of polariton physics at the nanoscale but also for potential applications in quantum information systems, all-optical logic gates, and ultralow-threshold lasers. However, at present, progress toward room temperature polariton nanolasers has been limited by the thermal instability of excitons and the inherently low quality factors of nanocavities. Here, we demonstrate room temperature polaritonic nanolasers by designing wide-gap semiconductor heterostructure nanocavities to produce thermally stable excitons coupled with nanocavity photons. The resulting mixed states of exciton polaritons with Rabi frequencies of approximately 370 meV enable persistent polariton lasing up to room temperature, facilitating the realization of miniaturized and integrated polariton systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Won Kang
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Song
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seong-Ju Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Corresponding author. (C.-H.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Chang-Hee Cho
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, South Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.-H.C.); (R.A.)
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9
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Sun X, Wang X, Chen B, Zhao F, Xu X, Ren K, Lu Y, Qiao X, Qian G, Fan X. Phase and morphology evolution of luminescent NaLnF4 (Ln = La to Yb) micro-crystals: understanding the ionic radii and surface energy-dependent solution growth mechanism. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide (Ln)-based NaLnF4 micro-crystals (MCs) exhibit great advantages and strong feasibility for integration into micron-sized photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Bing Chen
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057
- China
| | - Feiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiuxia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Kai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yunhao Lu
- Department of Physics
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xvsheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Guodong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xianping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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10
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Han Q, Zhang C, Wang C, Wang Z, Li C, Gao W, Dong J, He E, Zhang Z, Zheng H. Unique adjustable UC luminescence pattern and directional radiation of peculiar-shaped NaYF 4: Yb 3+/Er 3+ microcrystal particle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5371. [PMID: 28710398 PMCID: PMC5511274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A new design of peculiar-shaped β-NaYF4: 20% Yb3+/2% Er3+ hexagonal microcrystal (PSβHM) is proposed and its upconversion (UC) luminescence with adjustable color pattern is studied with near infrared excitation. Flower-like green UC luminescence emission pattern from blooming to withering process and intensive directional red emission are achieved by simply adjusting the focal point position of the excitation light. The mechanism that determines the unique UC luminescence phenomena are investigated systematically. The function of the internal light reflection and waveguide effect with annular microcavity is explored based on the structure characteristic of the hexagonal microplate. The current work may have great significant and potential applications in the development of optoelectronic device, color display, directional light and laser emission of microsystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Han
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengyun Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Chi Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaojin Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Caixia Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Dong
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Enjie He
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenglong Zhang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China.
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11
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Lee B, Liu W, Naylor CH, Park J, Malek SC, Berger JS, Johnson ATC, Agarwal R. Electrical Tuning of Exciton-Plasmon Polariton Coupling in Monolayer MoS 2 Integrated with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4541-4547. [PMID: 28613887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Active control of light-matter interactions in semiconductors is critical for realizing next generation optoelectronic devices with real-time control of the system's optical properties and hence functionalities via external fields. The ability to dynamically manipulate optical interactions by applied fields in active materials coupled to cavities with fixed geometrical parameters opens up possibilities of controlling the lifetimes, oscillator strengths, effective mass, and relaxation properties of a coupled exciton-photon (or plasmon) system. Here, we demonstrate electrical control of exciton-plasmon coupling strengths between strong and weak coupling limits in a two-dimensional semiconductor integrated with plasmonic nanoresonators assembled in a field-effect transistor device by electrostatic doping. As a result, the energy-momentum dispersions of such an exciton-plasmon coupled system can be altered dynamically with applied electric field by modulating the excitonic properties of monolayer MoS2 arising from many-body effects. In addition, evidence of enhanced coupling between charged excitons (trions) and plasmons was also observed upon increased carrier injection, which can be utilized for fabricating Fermionic polaritonic and magnetoplasmonic devices. The ability to dynamically control the optical properties of a coupled exciton-plasmonic system with electric fields demonstrates the versatility of the coupled system and offers a new platform for the design of optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carl H Naylor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joohee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Stephanie C Malek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jacob S Berger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - A T Charlie Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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Landreman PE, Chalabi H, Park J, Brongersma ML. Fabry-Perot description for Mie resonances of rectangular dielectric nanowire optical resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:29760-29772. [PMID: 28059361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.029760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show that a dielectric nanowire (NW) with a rectangular cross section can effectively be modeled as a Fabry-Perot cavity formed by truncating a dielectric slab waveguide. By calculating the mode indices of the supported waveguide modes and the reflection phase pickup of the guided waves from the end facets, we can numerically predict the spectral locations of optical, Mie-like resonances for such NWs. This type of analysis must be performed twice in order to account for all resonances of these structures, corresponding to light propagating in the vertical or horizontal directions. The model shows excellent agreement with full-field simulations. We show how the refractive index of both the NW itself and neighboring materials and substrates impact the resonant properties. Our results can aid the development of NW-based optoelectronic devices, for which rectangular cross sections are much simpler to fabricate using top-down fabrication procedures.
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Gu F, Cui H, Liao F, Lin X, Wang H, Zeng H. Mode tailoring in subwavelength-dimensional semiconductor micro/nanowaveguides by coupling optical microfibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23361-23367. [PMID: 27828398 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Benefitted from large fraction of evanescent wave and high endface reflectivity, we have realized mode tailoring in subwavelength-dimensional semiconductor micro/nanowaveguides (MN-WGs) by coupling optical silica microfibers. By investigating the reflection spectra, it was found that the microfiber tips could offer effective reflection and can been used to continuously and reversibly tune the interference wavelengths by changing the contact points with the MN-WGs. The measured extinction ratio in the interference patterns was as high as ~10 dB. In addition, tunable free spectral range of photoluminescence emissions and humidity sensing were also demonstrated. Its advantages of non-destructively tuning, simple fabrication, easy interrogation, and remote monitoring, offer great possible prospects for developing miniature tunable lasers, sensors, and biological endoscopy.
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Wang Q, Sun L, Lu J, Ren ML, Zhang T, Huang Y, Zhou X, Sun Y, Zhang B, Chen C, Shen X, Agarwal R, Lu W. Emission energy, exciton dynamics and lasing properties of buckled CdS nanoribbons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26607. [PMID: 27210303 PMCID: PMC4876404 DOI: 10.1038/srep26607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the modulation of emission energy, exciton dynamics and lasing properties in a single buckled CdS nanoribbon (NR) by strain-engineering. Inspired by ordered structure fabrication on elastomeric polymer, we develop a new method to fabricate uniform buckled NRs supported on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Wavy structure, of which compressive and tensile strain periodically varied along the CdS NR, leads to a position-dependent emission energy shift as large as 14 nm in photoluminescence (PL) mapping. Both micro-PL and micro-reflectance reveal the spectral characteristics of broad emission of buckled NR, which can be understood by the discrepancy of strain-induced energy shift of A- and B-exciton of CdS. Furthermore, the dynamics of excitons under tensile strain are also investigated; we find that the B-exciton have much shorter lifetime than that of redshifted A-exciton. In addition, we also present the lasing of buckled CdS NRs, in which the strain-dominated mode selection in multi-mode laser and negligible mode shifts in single-mode laser are clearly observed. Our results show that the strained NRs may serve as new functional optical elements for flexible light emitter or on-chip all-optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liaoxin Sun
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Liang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Tianning Zhang
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Yan Huang
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhou
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Changqing Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuechu Shen
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- National Lab for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China
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Ee HS, Agarwal R. Tunable Metasurface and Flat Optical Zoom Lens on a Stretchable Substrate. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2818-23. [PMID: 26986191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically reconfigurable metasurface that can continuously tune the wavefront is demonstrated in the visible frequency range by changing the lattice constant of a complex Au nanorod array fabricated on a stretchable polydimethylsiloxane substrate. It is shown that the anomalous refraction angle of visible light at 632.8 nm interacting with the tunable metasurface can be adjusted from 11.4° to 14.9° by stretching the substrate by ∼30%. An ultrathin flat 1.7× zoom lens whose focal length can continuously be changed from 150 to 250 μm is realized, which also demonstrates the potential of utilizing metasurfaces for reconfigurable flat optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Seok Ee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Röder R, Sidiropoulos TPH, Buschlinger R, Riediger M, Peschel U, Oulton RF, Ronning C. Mode Switching and Filtering in Nanowire Lasers. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2878-2884. [PMID: 27007261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coherent light sources confining the light below the vacuum wavelength barrier will drive future concepts of nanosensing, nanospectroscopy, and photonic circuits. Here, we directly image the angular emission of such a light source based on single semiconductor nanowire lasers. It is confirmed that the lasing switches from the fundamental mode in a thin ZnO nanowire to an admixture of several transverse modes in thicker nanowires approximately at the multimode cutoff. The mode competition with higher order modes substantially slows down the laser dynamics. We show that efficient photonic mode filtering in tapered nanowires selects the desired fundamental mode for lasing with improved performance including power, efficiency, and directionality important for an optimal coupling between adjacent nanophotonic waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rupert F Oulton
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London , Prince Consort Road, SW7 2BZ London, United Kingdom
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Liu W, Lee B, Naylor CH, Ee HS, Park J, Johnson ATC, Agarwal R. Strong Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in MoS2 Coupled with Plasmonic Lattice. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1262-9. [PMID: 26784532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate strong exciton-plasmon coupling in silver nanodisk arrays integrated with monolayer MoS2 via angle-resolved reflectance microscopy spectra of the coupled system. Strong exciton-plasmon coupling is observed with the exciton-plasmon coupling strength up to 58 meV at 77 K, which also survives at room temperature. The strong coupling involves three types of resonances: MoS2 excitons, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of individual silver nanodisks and plasmonic lattice resonances of the nanodisk array. We show that the exciton-plasmon coupling strength, polariton composition, and dispersion can be effectively engineered by tuning the geometry of the plasmonic lattice, which makes the system promising for realizing novel two-dimensional plasmonic polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Bumsu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Carl H Naylor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ho-Seok Ee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joohee Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - A T Charlie Johnson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Fu A, Gao H, Petrov P, Yang P. Widely Tunable Distributed Bragg Reflectors Integrated into Nanowire Waveguides. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6909-6913. [PMID: 26379092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodic structures with dimensions on the order of the wavelength of light can tailor and improve the performance of optical components, and they can enable the creation of devices with new functionalities. For example, distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), which are created by periodic modulations in a structure's dielectric medium, are essential in dielectric mirrors, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, fiber Bragg gratings, and single-frequency laser diodes. This work introduces nanoscale DBRs integrated directly into gallium nitride (GaN) nanowire waveguides. Photonic band gaps that are tunable across the visible spectrum are demonstrated by precisely controlling the grating's parameters. Numerical simulations indicate that in-wire DBRs have significantly larger reflection coefficients in comparison with the nanowire's end facet. By comparing the measured spectra with the simulated spectra, the index of refraction of the GaN nanowire waveguides was extracted to facilitate the design of photonic coupling structures that are sensitive to phase-matching conditions. This work indicates the potential to design nanowire-based devices with improved performance for optical resonators and optical routing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hanwei Gao
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Physics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | - Peidong Yang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Saxena D, Wang F, Gao Q, Mokkapati S, Tan HH, Jagadish C. Mode Profiling of Semiconductor Nanowire Lasers. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5342-5348. [PMID: 26189507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally determine the lasing mode(s) in optically pumped semiconductor nanowire lasers. The spatially resolved and angle-resolved far-field emission profiles of single InP nanowire lasers lying horizontally on a SiO2 substrate are characterized in a microphotoluminescence (μ-PL) setup. The experimentally obtained polarization dependent far-field profiles match very well with numerical simulations and enable unambiguous identification of the lasing mode(s). This technique can be applied to characterize lasing modes in other type of nanolasers that are integrated on a substrate in either vertical or horizontal configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv Saxena
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
| | - Sudha Mokkapati
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia
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