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Zhou J, Wang Y. Selective Swelling of Block Copolymers: An Upscalable Greener Process to Ultrafiltration Membranes? Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
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2
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Tan D, Li Q, Yang B, Wang X, Hu S, Wang Z, Lei Y, Xue L. Continuous Gradient Nanoporous Film Enabled by Delayed Directional Diffusion of Solvent and Selective Swelling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5864-5870. [PMID: 30970211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nature-inspired porous structures are highly desired in the fields of new materials, sustainable energy, biological and chemical science, and so forth. Here, a new strategy for the fabrication of continuous, gradient nanoporous polystyrene- block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS- b-P2VP) film is established. The continuous nanopore gradient along the direction of film thickness (∼120 μm) is achieved via delayed directional diffusion of dynamic binary solvent of ethanol/water and selective swelling of P2VP domains. Ethanol in binary solvent diffuses into the film from one side to another, which is retarded by the water gate as water is concentrated at the film surface. The delayed diffusion matches the swelling rate of P2VP domains, forming the continuous nanopore gradient normal to the film surface.
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3
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Zhu H, Wang X, Cui Y, Cai J, Tian F, Wang J, Qiu H. Blooming of Block Copolymer Micelles into Complex Nanostructures on a Surface. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiandong Cai
- University of
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Huibin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Guo L, Philippi M, Steinhart M. Substrate Patterning Using Regular Macroporous Block Copolymer Monoliths as Sacrificial Templates and as Capillary Microstamps. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801452. [PMID: 30027622 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) monoliths containing regular arrays of macropores (diameter ≈1.1 µm, depth ≈0.7 µm) at their surfaces are used to pattern substrates by patterning modes going beyond the functionality of classical solid elastomer stamps. In a first exemplary application, the macroporous PS-b-P2VP monoliths are employed as sacrificial templates for the deposition of NaCl nanocrystals and topographically patterned iridium films. One NaCl nanocrystal per macropore is formed by evaporation of NaCl solutions filling the macropores followed by iridium coating. Thermal PS-b-P2VP decomposition yields topographically patterned iridium films consisting of ordered arrays of hexagonal cells, each of which contains one NaCl nanocrystal. For the second exemplary application, spongy-continuous mesopore systems are generated in the macroporous PS-b-P2VP monoliths by selective-swelling induced pore generation. Infiltrating the spongy-continuous mesopore systems with ink allows capillary microstamping of continuous ink films with holes at the positions of the macropores onto glass slides compatible with advanced light microscopy. Capillary microstamping can be performed multiple times under ambient conditions without reinking and without quality deterioration of the stamped patterns. The macroporous PS-b-P2VP monoliths are prepared by double replication of primary macroporous silicon molds via secondary polydimethylsiloxane molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Guo
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael Philippi
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Martin Steinhart
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
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5
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He G, Bennett TM, Alauhdin M, Fay MW, Liu X, Schwab ST, Sun CG, Howdle SM. A facile route to bespoke macro- and mesoporous block copolymer microparticles. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A facile and versatile strategy to fabricate macro- and mesoporous block copolymer microparticles with bespoke characteristics using supercritical CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guping He
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | | | - Michael W. Fay
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Xin Liu
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - Cheng-gong Sun
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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6
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Lu Z, Liu K, Liu Q, Wang D. Facile fabrication of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)- b-polystyrene functional fibers under a shear field and immobilization of hemoglobin. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PGMA-b-PS fibers were fabricated under a shear field for immobilization of bovine hemoglobin which has potential applications in blood substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Zhentan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Qiongzhen Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan 430073
- China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials & Application
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7
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Huang LB, Xu W, Hao J. Energy Device Applications of Synthesized 1D Polymer Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701820. [PMID: 28961368 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
1D polymer nanomaterials as emerging materials, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanopillars, have attracted extensive attention in academia and industry. The distinctive, various, and tunable structures in the nanoscale of 1D polymer nanomaterials present nanointerfaces, high surface-to-volume ratio, and large surface area, which can improve the performance of energy devices. In this review, representative fabrication techniques of 1D polymer nanomaterials are summarized, including electrospinning, template-assisted, template-free, and inductively coupled plasma methods. The recent advancements of 1D polymer nanomaterials in energy device applications are demonstrated. Lastly, existing challenges and prospects of 1D polymer nanomaterials for energy device applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Biao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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8
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Tzounis L, Pegel S, Zafeiropoulos NE, Avgeropoulos A, Paipetis AS, Stamm M. Shear alignment of a poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) triblock copolymer/MWCNT nanocomposite. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Xue L, Xie W, Driessen L, Domke KF, Wang Y, Schlücker S, Gorb SN, Steinhart M. Advanced SERS Sensor Based on Capillarity-Assisted Preconcentration through Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Porous Nanorods. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603947. [PMID: 28440003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A preconcentrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for the analysis of liquid-soaked tissue, tiny liquid droplets and thin liquid films without the necessity to collect the analyte is reported. The SERS sensor is based on a block-copolymer membrane containing a spongy-continuous pore system. The sensor's upper side is an array of porous nanorods having tips functionalized with Au nanoparticles. Capillarity in combination with directional evaporation drives the analyte solution in contact with the flat yet nanoporous underside of the SERS sensor through the continuous nanopore system toward the nanorod tips where non-volatile components of the analyte solution precipitate at the Au nanoparticles. The nanorod architecture increases the sensor surface in the detection volume and facilitates analyte preconcentration driven by directional solvent evaporation. The model analyte 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) can be detected in a 1 × 10-3 m solution ≈300 ms after the sensor is brought into contact with the solution. Moreover, a sensitivity of 0.1 ppm for the detection of the dissolved model analyte is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Xue
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, China
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Leonie Driessen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin F Domke
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | | | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Zoologisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Steinhart
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49069, Osnabrück, Germany
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10
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Eichler-Volf A, Xue L, Dornberg G, Chen H, Kovalev A, Enke D, Wang Y, Gorb EV, Gorb SN, Steinhart M. The Influence of Surface Topography and Surface Chemistry on the Anti-Adhesive Performance of Nanoporous Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:22593-22604. [PMID: 27498970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We designed spongy monoliths allowing liquid delivery to their surfaces through continuous nanopore systems (mean pore diameter ∼40 nm). These nanoporous monoliths were flat or patterned with microspherical structures a few tens of microns in diameter, and their surfaces consisted of aprotic polymer or of TiO2 coatings. Liquid may reduce adhesion forces FAd; possible reasons include screening of solid-solid interactions and poroelastic effects. Softening-induced deformation of flat polymeric monoliths upon contact formation in the presence of liquids enhanced the work of separation WSe. On flat TiO2-coated monoliths, WSe was smaller under wet conditions than under dry conditions, possibly because of liquid-induced screening of solid-solid interactions. Under dry conditions, WSe is larger on flat TiO2-coated monoliths than on flat monoliths with a polymeric surface. However, under wet conditions, liquid-induced softening results in larger WSe on flat monoliths with a polymeric surface than on flat monoliths with an oxidic surface. Monolithic microsphere arrays show antiadhesive properties; FAd and WSe are reduced by at least 1 order of magnitude as compared to flat nanoporous counterparts. On nanoporous monolithic microsphere arrays, capillarity (WSe is larger under wet than under dry conditions) and solid-solid interactions (WSe is larger on oxide than on polymer) dominate contact mechanics. Thus, the microsphere topography reduces the impact of softening-induced surface deformation and screening of solid-solid interactions associated with liquid supply. Overall, simple modifications of surface topography and chemistry combined with delivery of liquid to the contact interface allow adjusting WSe and FAd over at least 1 order of magnitude. Adhesion management with spongy monoliths exploiting deployment (or drainage) of interfacial liquids as well as induction or prevention of liquid-induced softening of the monoliths may pave the way for the design of artificial surfaces with tailored contact mechanics. Moreover, the results reported here may contribute to better understanding of the contact mechanics of biological surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eichler-Volf
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück , Barbarastraße 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University , South Donghu Road 8, Wuchang, Wuhan 430072, Hubei China
| | - Gregor Dornberg
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Leipzig , Linnéstraße 3-4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - He Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alexander Kovalev
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Universität Leipzig , Linnéstraße 3-4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Elena V Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Steinhart
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück , Barbarastraße 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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11
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Wang Y. Nondestructive Creation of Ordered Nanopores by Selective Swelling of Block Copolymers: Toward Homoporous Membranes. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1401-8. [PMID: 27349573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pores regulate the entry and exit of substances based on the differences in physical sizes or chemical affinities. Pore uniformity, ordering, and the homogeneity of the surface chemistry of the pore walls are vital for maximizing the performance of a porous material because any scattering in these parameters weakens the capability of pores to discriminate foreign substances. Most strategies for the creation of homogeneous pores are destructive, and sacrificial components in the precursor materials must be selectively removed to generate porosities. The incorporation and subsequent removal of the sacrificial components frequently make the pore-making process complicated and inefficient and impose greater uncertainty in the control of the pore homogeneity. Block copolymers (BCPs) have been demonstrated to be promising precursors in the fabrication of highly ordered nanoporous structures. Unfortunately, BCP-derived porosities are also predominantly dependent on destructive pore-making processes (e.g., etching or extraction). To address this problem, we have developed a swelling-based nondestructive strategy. In this swelling process, one simply needs to immerse BCP materials in a solvent selective for the minority blocks for hours. After removing the BCPs from the solvent followed by air drying, pores are generated throughout the BCP materials in the positions where the minority blocks initially dwell. This Account discusses our recent discoveries, new insights, and emerging applications of this burgeoning pore-making method with a focus on the development of ordered porosities in bulk BCP materials. The initial morphology and orientation of the minority phases in BCPs determine the pore orientation and geometry in the produced porous materials. For nonaligned BCPs, three-dimensionally interconnected pores with sizes scattering in the 10-50 nm range are produced after swelling. There is a morphology evolution of BCP materials from the initial nonporous structure to the increasingly opened nanoporous intermediates, to interconnected networks of micellar nanofibers, and finally to isolated micellar spheres with increasing degrees of swelling. When the BCP films are aligned perpendicularly or in-plane, selective swelling results in uniform "standing" (perpendicular orientation) and "sleeping" (in-plane orientation) pores, respectively. Pore sizes can be tuned by changing molecular weights of the BCPs and swelling conditions without the loss of pore uniformity. Due to the nondestructive nature of this swelling process, nothing in the BCPs is lost during the pore-forming procedure, and consequently the formed pores can be progressively closed also by selective swelling. Such reversible pore opening/closing can be repeated many times, enabling the application of these materials in drug delivery and intelligent antireflective coatings. The monodispersed pore sizes, straight pore profile, and hydrophilic pore walls particularly favor the application of the porous BCPs in separations as homoporous membranes (HOMEs) exhibiting high selectivity, permeability, and inherent stimulus responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center
for Advanced Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
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12
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Nanoporous Monolithic Microsphere Arrays Have Anti-Adhesive Properties Independent of Humidity. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9050373. [PMID: 28773497 PMCID: PMC5503089 DOI: 10.3390/ma9050373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired artificial surfaces with tailored adhesive properties have attracted significant interest. While fibrillar adhesive pads mimicking gecko feet are optimized for strong reversible adhesion, monolithic microsphere arrays mimicking the slippery zone of the pitchers of carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show anti-adhesive properties even against tacky counterpart surfaces. In contrast to the influence of topography, the influence of relative humidity (RH) on adhesion has been widely neglected. Some previous works deal with the influence of RH on the adhesive performance of fibrillar adhesive pads. Commonly, humidity-induced softening of the fibrils enhances adhesion. However, little is known on the influence of RH on solid anti-adhesive surfaces. We prepared polymeric nanoporous monolithic microsphere arrays (NMMAs) with microsphere diameters of a few 10 µm to test their anti-adhesive properties at RHs of 2% and 90%. Despite the presence of continuous nanopore systems through which the inner nanopore walls were accessible to humid air, the topography-induced anti-adhesive properties of NMMAs on tacky counterpart surfaces were retained even at RH = 90%. This RH-independent robustness of the anti-adhesive properties of NMMAs significantly contrasts the adhesion enhancement by humidity-induced softening on nanoporous fibrillar adhesive pads made of the same material.
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13
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Ko HW, Cheng MH, Chi MH, Chang CW, Chen JT. Selective Template Wetting Routes to Hierarchical Polymer Films: Polymer Nanotubes from Phase-Separated Films via Solvent Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2110-2116. [PMID: 26831764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel wetting method to prepare hierarchical polymer films with polymer nanotubes on selective regions. This strategy is based on the selective wetting abilities of polymer chains, annealed in different solvent vapors, into the nanopores of porous templates. Phase-separated films of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), two commonly used polymers, are prepared as a model system. After anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are placed on the films, the samples are annealed in vapors of acetic acid, in which the PMMA chains are swollen and wet the nanopores of the AAO templates selectively. As a result, hierarchical polymer films containing PMMA nanotubes can be obtained after the AAO templates are removed. The distribution of the PMMA nanotubes of the hierarchical polymer films can also be controlled by changing the compositions of the polymer blends. This work not only presents a novel method to fabricate hierarchical polymer films with polymer nanotubes on selective regions, but also gives a deeper understanding in the selective wetting ability of polymer chains in solvent vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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14
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Yan N, Wang Y. Selective swelling induced pore generation of amphiphilic block copolymers: The role of swelling agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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15
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Xu J, Wang K, Liang R, Yang Y, Zhou H, Xie X, Zhu J. Structural Transformation of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Assemblies by Tuning Cylindrical Confinement and Interfacial Interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:12354-12361. [PMID: 26492108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the controllable structural transformation of block copolymer/homopolymer binary blends in cylindrical nanopores. Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)/homopolystyrene (SVP/hPS) nanorods (NRs) can be fabricated by pouring the polymers into an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) channel and isolated by selective removal of the AAO membrane. In this two-dimensional (2D) confinement, SVP self-assembles into NRs with concentric lamellar structure, and the internal structure can be tailored with the addition of hPS. We show that the weight fraction and molecular weight of hPS and the diameter of the channels can significantly affect the internal structure of the NRs. Moreover, mesoporous materials with tunable pore shape, size, and packing style can be prepared by selective solvent swelling of the structured NRs. In addition, these NRs can transform into spherical structures through solvent-absorption annealing, triggering the conversion from 2D to 3D confinement. More importantly, the transformation dynamics can be tuned by varying the preference property of surfactant to the polymers. It is proven that the shape and internal structure of the polymer particles are dominated by the interfacial interactions governed by the surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ruijing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Yao IC, Cheng MH, Chen JT. Block Copolymer Micelle Nanotubes by the Solvent-Annealing-Induced Nanowetting in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiao Tung University; Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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17
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Xu J, Yang Y, Wang K, Li J, Zhou H, Xie X, Zhu J. Additives Induced Structural Transformation of ABC Triblock Copolymer Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10975-10982. [PMID: 26388457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the structural control of polystyrene-b-polyisoprene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-PI-b-P2VP) asymmetric ABC triblock copolymer particles under 3D confinement by tuning the interactions among blocks. The additives, including 3-n-pentadecylphenol, homopolystyrene, and solvents, which can modulate the interactions among polymer blocks, play significant roles in the particle morphology. Moreover, the structured particles can be disassembled into isolated micellar aggregates with novel morphologies or mesoporous particles with tunable pore shape. Interestingly, the formed pupa-like PS-b-PI-b-P2VP particles display interesting dynamic stretch-retraction behavior when the solvent property is changed after partial cross-linking of the P2VP block. We further prove that such dynamic behavior is closely related to the density of cross-linking. The strategies presented here are believed to be promising routes to rationally design and fabricate block copolymer particles with desirable shape and internal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huamin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , Wuhan 430074, China
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18
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Yao X, Guo L, Chen X, Huang J, Steinhart M, Wang Y. Filtration-based synthesis of micelle-derived composite membranes for high-flux ultrafiltration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:6974-6981. [PMID: 25774575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ideal membrane configurations for efficient separation at high flux rates consist of thin size-selective layers connected to macroporous supports for mechanical stabilization. We show that micelle-derived (MD) composite membranes combine efficient separation of similarly sized proteins and water flux 5-10 times higher than that of commercial membranes with similar retentions. MD composite membranes were obtained by filtration of solutions of amphiphilic block copolymer (BCP) micelles through commercially available macroporous supports covered by sacrificial nanostrand fabrics followed by annealing and removal of the nanostrand fabrics. Swelling-induced pore generation in the BCP films thus covering the macroporous supports yielded ∼210 nm thin nanoporous size-selective BCP layers with porosities in the 40% range tightly connected to the macroporous supports. Permselectivity and flux rates of the size-selective BCP layers were adjusted by the BCP mass deposited per membrane area and by proper selection of swelling times. The preparation methodology described here may pave the way for a modular assembly system allowing the design of tailored separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Yao
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Leiming Guo
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Martin Steinhart
- ‡Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Yong Wang
- †State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University (formerly Nanjing University of Technology), Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu, P. R. China
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19
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Hsueh HY, Yao CT, Ho RM. Well-ordered nanohybrids and nanoporous materials from gyroid block copolymer templates. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1974-2018. [PMID: 25622806 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The design of nanostructured materials and their corresponding morphologies has attracted intense attention because of their effectiveness in tuning electronic, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties, as well as mechanical properties. Although many technologies have been explored to fabricate nanostructured materials, templated synthesis is one of the most important approaches to fabricate nanostructured materials with precisely controlled structures and morphologies from their constituent components. In this review article, we aim to highlight the use of the self-assembly of block copolymers as an emerging and powerful tool to fabricate well-defined nanomaterials with precise control over the structural dimensions and shape, as well as over the composition and corresponding spatial arrangement. After providing a brief introduction to the synthesis of regular porous materials, including silica- and carbon-based mesoporous materials, the review focuses on the fabrication of well-ordered nanoporous polymers from the selfassembly of degradable block copolymers, in particular with gyroid-forming network morphologies, as templates for the syntheses of various materials with different entities. We highlight the principles of different templated syntheses, from the fundamentals to their practical uses in the fabrication of nanohybrids and nanoporous materials; moreover, we provide an introduction to templates, precursors, solvents, and processing. Finally, some recent examples using block copolymer structure-directed nanomaterials for applications, such as solar cells, catalysis, and drug delivery, are presented. In particular, by taking advantage of the "well-ordered" structural characteristics of the gyroid texture, the properties and applications of 3D regular nanostructures, such as the photonic behavior and optical properties of gyroid-forming nanostructures, as well as of gyroid-forming metamaterials, will be emphasized. Special attention is also given to present new developments and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013, Republic of China.
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20
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Hou P, Fan H, Jin Z. Spiral and Mesoporous Block Polymer Nanofibers Generated in Confined Nanochannels. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501933s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
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21
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Sun W, Wang Z, Yao X, Guo L, Chen X, Wang Y. Surface-active isoporous membranes nondestructively derived from perpendicularly aligned block copolymers for size-selective separation. J Memb Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Maiz J, Zhao W, Gu Y, Lawrence J, Arbe A, Alegría A, Emrick T, Colmenero J, Russell TP, Mijangos C. Dynamic study of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymer in bulk and confined in cylindrical nanopores. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Fan H, Jin Z. Selective Swelling of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles: Size, Nanostructure, and Composition. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
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24
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Casaban L, Kirsten M, Pegel S, Carrasco PM, García I, Stamm M, Kenny JM. Shear induced orientation of phase segregated block copolymer/epoxy blends. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Wang L, Mei S, Jin Z. The Influences of Cooperative Swelling and Coordination on Patterned Decoration of Gold on Block Copolymer Nanospheres. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Shilin Mei
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 P. R. China
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26
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Mei S, Jin Z. Mesoporous block-copolymer nanospheres prepared by selective swelling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:322-9. [PMID: 23047432 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Block-copolymer (BCP) nanospheres with hierarchical inner structure are of great interest and importance due to their possible applications in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering. Mesoporous BCP nanospheres with multilayered inner channels are considered as potential drug-delivery systems and templates for multifunctional nanomaterials. Selective swelling is a facile pore-making strategy for BCP materials. Herein, the selective swelling-induced reconstruction of BCP nanospheres is reported. Two poly(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) samples with different compositions (PS(23600)-b-P2VP(10400) and PS(27700)-b-P2VP(4300)) are used as model systems. The swelling reconstruction of PS-b-P2VP in ethanol, 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA)/ethanol, or HCl/ethanol (pH = 2.61) is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It is observed that the length of the swellable block in BCP is a critical factor in determining the behavior and nanostructures of mesoporous BCP nanospheres in selective swelling. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the addition of PBA modifies the swelling structure of PS(23600)-b-P2VP(10400) through the interaction between PBA and P2VP blocks, which results in BCP nanospheres with patterned pores of controllable size. The patterned pores can be reversibly closed by annealing the mesoporous BCP nanospheres in different selective solvents. The controllable and reversible open/closed reconstruction of BCP nanospheres can be used to enclose functional nanoparticles or drugs inside the nanospheres. These mesoporous BCP nanospheres are further decorated with gold nanoparticles by UV photoreduction. The enlarged decoration area in mesoporous BCP nanospheres will enhance their activity and sensitivity as a catalyst and electrochemical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, 100872 Beijing, China
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27
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Xue L, Kovalev A, Dening K, Eichler-Volf A, Eickmeier H, Haase M, Enke D, Steinhart M, Gorb SN. Reversible adhesion switching of porous fibrillar adhesive pads by humidity. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5541-8. [PMID: 24171547 DOI: 10.1021/nl403144w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report reversible adhesion switching on porous fibrillar polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) adhesive pads by humidity changes. Adhesion at a relative humidity of 90% was more than nine times higher than at a relative humidity of 2%. On nonporous fibrillar adhesive pads of the same material, adhesion increased only by a factor of ~3.3. The switching performance remained unchanged in at least 10 successive high/low humidity cycles. Main origin of enhanced adhesion at high humidity is the humidity-induced decrease in the elastic modulus of the polar component P2VP rather than capillary force. The presence of spongelike continuous internal pore systems with walls consisting of P2VP significantly leveraged this effect. Fibrillar adhesive pads on which adhesion is switchable by humidity changes may be used for preconcentration of airborne particulates, pollutants, and germs combined with triggered surface cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjian Xue
- Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück , Barbarastrasse 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
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28
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Wu D, Xu F, Sun B, Fu R, He H, Matyjaszewski K. Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3959-4015. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1339] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Hongkun He
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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29
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Chen D, Zhao W, Russell TP. P3HT nanopillars for organic photovoltaic devices nanoimprinted by AAO templates. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1479-1485. [PMID: 22221079 DOI: 10.1021/nn2043548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing nanorod arrays of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were fabricated on indium tin oxide/glass substrates using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The AAO templates were treated with a low molecular weight polydimethylsiloxane mold-release agent to reduce their surface energy of the template and interactions with the P3HT. Using a thermal nanoimprinting process, the templates were easily removed, generating nanorods on the surfaces of P3HT thin films. These unique structures were investigated for application in organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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30
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Jones BH, Lodge TP. Nanocasting nanoporous inorganic and organic materials from polymeric bicontinuous microemulsion templates. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2011.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Ramanathan M, Kilbey, II SM, Ji Q, Hill JP, Ariga K. Materials self-assembly and fabrication in confined spaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Jang YJ, Jang YH, Steinhart M, Kim DH. Carbon/metal nanotubes with tailored order and configuration by direct carbonization of inverse block copolymer micelles inside nanoporous alumina. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:507-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15597k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Feng X, Mei S, Jin Z. Wettability transition induced transformation and entrapment of polymer nanostructures in cylindrical nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14240-14247. [PMID: 22004408 DOI: 10.1021/la2030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We apply the concept of wettability transition to manipulate the morphology and entrapment of polymer nanostructures inside cylindrical nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. When AAO/polystyrene (PS) hybrids, i.e., AAO/PS nanorods or AAO/PS nanotubes, are immersed into a polyethylene glycol (PEG) reservoir above the glass transition temperature of PS, a wettability transition from wetting to nonwetting of PS can be triggered due to the invasion of the more wettable PEG melt. The wettability transition enables us to develop a nondestructive method to entrap hemispherically capped nanorods inside nanopores. Moreover, we can obtain single nanorods with the desired aspect ratio by further dissolving the AAO template, in contrast to the drawbacks of nonuniformity or destructiveness from the conventional ultrasonication method. In the case of AAO/PS nanotubes, the wettability transition induced dewetting of PS nanotube walls results in the disconnection and entrapment of nonwetting PS domains (i.e., nanospheres, nanocapsules, or capped nanorods). Moreover, PEG is then washed to recover the pristine wettability of PS on the alumina surface; further annealing of the PS nanospheres inside AAO nanopores under vacuum can generate some unique nanostructures, particularly semicylindrical nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunda Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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34
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Jones BH, Lodge TP. Hierarchically structured materials from block polymer confinement within bicontinuous microemulsion-derived nanoporous polyethylene. ACS NANO 2011; 5:8914-8927. [PMID: 21992221 DOI: 10.1021/nn203096x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly behavior of block polymers under strong two-dimensional and three-dimensional confinement has been well-studied in the past decade. Confinement effects enable access to a large suite of morphologies not typically observed in the bulk. We have used nanoporous polyethylene, derived from a polymeric bicontinuous microemulsion, as a novel template for the confinement of several different cylinder-forming block polymer systems: poly(isoprene-b-2-vinylpyridine), poly(styrene-b-isoprene), and poly(isoprene-b-dimethylsiloxane). The resultant materials exhibit unique hierarchical arrangements of structure with two distinct length scales. First, the polyethylene template imparts a disordered, microemulsion-like periodicity between bicontinuous polyethylene and block polymer networks with sizes on the order of 100 nm. Second, the block polymer networks display internal periodic arrangements produced by the spontaneous segregation of their incompatible constituents. The microphase-separated morphologies observed are similar to those previously reported for confinement of block polymers in cylindrical pores. However, at present, the morphologies are spatially variant in a complex manner, due to the three-dimensionally interconnected nature of the confining geometry and its distribution in pore sizes. We have further exploited the unique structure of the polyethylene template to generate new hierarchically structured porous monoliths. Poly(isoprene-b-2-vinylpyridine) is used as a model system in which the pyridine block is cross-linked, post-infiltration, and the polyethylene template is subsequently extracted. The resultant materials possess a three-dimensionally continuous pore network, of which the pore walls retain the unique, microphase-separated morphology of the confined block polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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35
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Chen D, Zhao W, Wei D, Russell TP. Dewetting on Curved Interfaces: A Simple Route to Polymer Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2015276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Dongguang Wei
- Carl Zeiss NTS LLC, One Corporation Way, Peabody, Massachusetts 01960, United States
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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36
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Wang Y, Li F. An emerging pore-making strategy: confined swelling-induced pore generation in block copolymer materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:2134-48. [PMID: 21469216 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) composed of two or more thermodynamically incompatible homopolymers self-assemble into periodic microdomains. Exposing self-assembled BCPs with solvents selective to one block causes a swelling of the domains composed of this block. Strong swelling in the confinement imposed by the matrix of the other glassy block leads to well-defined porous structures via morphology reconstruction. This confined swelling-induced pore-making process has emerged recently as a new strategy to produce porous materials due to synergic advantages that include extreme simplicity, high pore regularity, involvement of no chemical reactions, no weight loss, reversibility of the pore forming process, etc. The mechanism, kinetics, morphology, and governing parameters of the confined swelling-induced pore-making process in BCP thin films are discussed, and the main applications of nanoporous thin films in the fields of template synthesis, surface patterning, and guidance for the areal arrangements of nanomaterials and biomolecules are summarized. Recent, promising results of extending this mechanism to produce BCP nanofibers or nanotubes and bulk materials with well-defined porosity, which makes this strategy also attractive to researchers outside the nanocommunity, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, PR China.
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37
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38
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Wang Y, Tong L, Steinhart M. Swelling-induced morphology reconstruction in block copolymer nanorods: kinetics and impact of surface tension during solvent evaporation. ACS NANO 2011; 5:1928-1938. [PMID: 21323333 DOI: 10.1021/nn1029444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscopic domain structures of BCP nanorods can be converted into well-defined mesopore systems by swelling the BCP minority component with a selective solvent at temperatures below the bulk glass transition temperature of the nonswelling matrix. The initial stage of this process involves rapid morphology reconstruction of the nonswelling majority domains to accommodate the increased volume of the swelling minority domains caused by rapid solvent uptake. Morphology reconstruction slows down once entropic restoring forces of the swelling chains impede further uptake of swelling agent. Upon evaporation of the swelling agent, mesopores form in place of the swollen domains as the swollen minority blocks undergo entropic relaxation while intermediate nonequilibrium morphologies in the BCP nanorods are fixated by the reconstructed majority component. The surface area of mesopores developing when swollen cylindrical minority domains collapse may be minimized by the growth of Rayleigh instabilities. Depending on swelling temperature, swelling agent, and BCP architecture, BCP nanorods with one or several cylindrical channels undulated or uniform in diameter running along their long axes, linear strings of spherical cavities, and continuous mesopore systems can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, PR China.
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39
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Mei S, Feng X, Jin Z. Fabrication of Polymer Nanospheres Based on Rayleigh Instability in Capillary Channels. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102573p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xunda Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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40
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Pulamagatta B, Yau MYE, Gunkel I, Thurn-Albrecht T, Schröter K, Pfefferkorn D, Kressler J, Steinhart M, Binder WH. Block copolymer nanotubes by melt-infiltration of nanoporous aluminum oxide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:781-786. [PMID: 21287642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanuprathap Pulamagatta
- Institute of Chemistry, Division of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences II, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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Zhao W, Chen D, Hu Y, Grason GM, Russell TP. ABC triblock copolymer vesicles with mesh-like morphology. ACS NANO 2011; 5:486-492. [PMID: 21128679 DOI: 10.1021/nn1028289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymer vesicles made from poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) (PI-b-PS-b-P2VP) triblock copolymer confined within the nanopores of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane are studied. It was found that these vesicles have well-defined, nanoscopic size, and complex microphase-separated hydrophobic membranes, comprised of the PS and PI blocks, while the coronas are formed by the P2VP block. Vesicle formation was tracked using both transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A mesh-like morphology formed in the membrane at a well-defined composition of the three blocks that can be tuned by changing the copolymer composition. The nanoscale confinement, copolymer composition, and subtle molecular interactions contribute to the generation of these vesicles with such unusual morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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43
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Pulamagatta B, Binder WH, Yau E, Gunkel I, Thurn-Albrecht T, Steinhart M. Fiber - and Tube - Formation by Melt Infiltration of Block Copolymers into Al2
O3
-Pores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Wang Y, He C, Xing W, Li F, Tong L, Chen Z, Liao X, Steinhart M. Nanoporous metal membranes with bicontinuous morphology from recyclable block-copolymer templates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:2068-2072. [PMID: 20422652 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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45
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Shchepelina O, Kozlovskaya V, Singamaneni S, Kharlampieva E, Tsukruk VV. Replication of anisotropic dispersed particulates and complex continuous templates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Chen D, Park S, Chen JT, Redston E, Russell TP. A simple route for the preparation of mesoporous nanostructures using block copolymers. ACS NANO 2009; 3:2827-2833. [PMID: 19719151 DOI: 10.1021/nn900782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) nanostructures with multiple morphologies were fabricated by immersing PS-b-P4VP nanotubes in ethylene glycol, a nonsolvent for PS and a good solvent for P4VP, at different temperatures. Mesoporous structures were generated from uniform nanoscopic wormlike micelles due to a solvent-induced reconstruction when the spherical micellar structures were heated above the glass transition temperature of the PS block. The mesoporous nanostructures can be converted into inorganic oxide structures, like SiO(2) and TiO(2), by well-known sol-gel methods. The mesoporous inorganic oxides can be produced with tunable porosity by controlling the molecular weight of the block copolymers. Confinement also plays an important role to create the nanostructures with unusual morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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47
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Ullal CK, Schmidt R, Hell SW, Egner A. Block copolymer nanostructures mapped by far-field optics. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:2497-2500. [PMID: 19449834 DOI: 10.1021/nl901378e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate stimulated emission depletion microscopy using opposing objective lenses to noninvasively reveal the nanoscale morphology of block copolymers in three dimensions with focused light. This is exemplified in a poly(styrene-block-2-vinylpyridine) model system in which contrast is achieved by specifically staining the vinylpyridine phase with a fluorescent dye. We image swelling induced mesopores and other convoluted structures within the bulk of samples, at scales that have so far required electron and scanning probe microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Ullal
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Gottingen, Germany
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48
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Wang L, Montagne F, Hoffmann P, Pugin R. Gold nanoring arrays from responsive block copolymer templates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3798-800. [DOI: 10.1039/b906825b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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