1
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Tomasella P, Lucifora G, Ruffino R, Pandino I, Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Tuccitto N, Li-Destri G. Role of Density and Conformational Composition in the Surface-to-Bulk Molecular Dosing of Photosensitive Surfactant Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39119985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble photosensitive monolayers might enable very precise control of the rate and number of desorbing molecules by controlling both the monolayer density and conformational composition. In this perspective, we systematically characterized the interfacial behavior of Langmuir monolayers consisting of a poorly water-soluble azobenzene-containing surfactant as a function of its trans/cis ratio. Precise control of the conformational ratio was achieved by controlling the UV irradiation time, allowing researchers to investigate compositions spanning from 100% trans to 90% cis. Our results demonstrate that in 100% trans monolayers, molecules do not desorb with compression until a threshold area is reached. Instead, the number of molecules desorbing in mixed trans-cis monolayers can be modulated by controlling both the composition and the compression rate. Additionally, the desorption rate at constant density is also strongly composition-dependent, and it accounts for two different regimes with two different characteristic times. We will show that trans molecules mostly desorb according to the slow regime while cis molecules conform to the fast one, but the two conformers mutually influence each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Tomasella
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucifora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruffino
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Irene Pandino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Tuccitto
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li-Destri
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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2
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Sharipov M, Kakhkhorov SA, Tawfik SM, Azizov S, Liu HG, Shin JH, Lee YI. Highly sensitive plasmonic paper substrate fabricated via amphiphilic polymer self-assembly in microdroplet for detection of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:13. [PMID: 38551725 PMCID: PMC10980671 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00420-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
We report an innovative and facile approach to fabricating an ultrasensitive plasmonic paper substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The approach exploits the self-assembling capability of poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymers to form a thin film at the air-liquid interface within the single microdroplet scale for the first time and the subsequent in situ growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The concentration of the block copolymer was found to play an essential role in stabilizing the droplets during the mass transfer phase and formation of silver nanoparticles, thus influencing the SERS signals. SEM analysis of the morphology of the plasmonic paper substrates revealed the formation of spherical AgNPs evenly distributed across the surface of the formed copolymer film with a size distribution of 47.5 nm. The resultant enhancement factor was calculated to be 1.2 × 107, and the detection limit of rhodamine 6G was as low as 48.9 pM. The nanohybridized plasmonic paper was successfully applied to detect two emerging pollutants-sildenafil and flibanserin-with LODs as low as 1.48 nM and 3.45 nM, respectively. Thus, this study offers new prospects for designing an affordable and readily available, yet highly sensitive, paper-based SERS substrate with the potential for development as a lab-on-a-chip device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirkomil Sharipov
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarvar A Kakhkhorov
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Salah M Tawfik
- Department of Petrochemicals, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Cairo, 11727, Egypt
| | - Shavkatjon Azizov
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, Tashkent, 100084, Republic of Uzbekistan
| | - Hong-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Joong Ho Shin
- Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Anastro Laboratory, Institute of Basic Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technical University, Tashkent, 100084, Republic of Uzbekistan.
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3
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Ruffino R, Tuccitto N, Sfuncia G, Nicotra G, Li-Destri G, Marletta G. Direct Measurement of Surfactant-Mediated Picoforces among Nanoparticles in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional Environment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12281-12291. [PMID: 36172718 PMCID: PMC9558483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lack of methodologies which enable us to measure forces acting between nanomaterials is one of the factors limiting the full comprehension of their behavior and their more effective exploitation in new devices. Here we exploit the irreversible adsorption of surfactant-decorated nanoparticles at the air/water interface to investigate interparticle forces and the effect of the surfactant structure on them. We measured the interparticle repulsive forces as a function of the modulation of the interparticle distance by simultaneously performing compression isotherms and the grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) structural characterization of the monolayers at water-vapor interfaces. Our results demonstrate that the short-range interparticle forces are strongly affected by the presence of the organic ligands, which are shown to be able to influence the interparticle repulsions even when added in micromolar amounts. In particular, we demonstrate the predominant steric nature of short-range forces, which are accounted for in terms of the compression-induced stretched-to-coiled conformational transition of the ligand hydrophobic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ruffino
- Laboratory
for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Tuccitto
- Laboratory
for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sfuncia
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, 95121 Catania I, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicotra
- Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi, 95121 Catania I, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li-Destri
- Laboratory
for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory
for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and CSGI, Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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4
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Maruyama H, Shioda Y, Maeda M, Fujimori A. Control of phase-separated morphology in mixed monolayers of amphiphilic comb polymers containing diamino-s-triazine and non-amphiphilic s-triazine derivatives with fluorocarbons. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Liu Y, Cui X, Lee YI, Liu HG. Self-Assembly of Polystyrene- b-poly(2-vinylpyridine)/Chloroauric Acid at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4589-4598. [PMID: 35389663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) at the liquid/liquid interface has been systematically investigated to develop a series of primary morphologies of the aggregates. The block copolymers self-assembled into large areas of nanodot arrays, parallel nanostrands, layered films, parallel nanobelts, honeycomb monolayers, and foams by reacting with chloroauric acid, depending on the molecular structure of the block copolymers and the amount of chloroauric acid. The formation of the first four ordered structures resulted from interfacial adsorption and self-assembly, and nucleation and epitaxial growth. The latter two structures were attributed to the water hole templating effect and spontaneous interfacial emulsification, respectively. This work provides insight into the self-assembly behavior of block copolymers at the interface and provides a facile approach for fabricating functional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea
| | - Hong-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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6
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Kang S, Ryu DY, Ringe E, Hickey RJ, Park SJ. Nanoparticle-Induced Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers into Nanoporous Films at the Air-Water Interface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12203-12209. [PMID: 32924436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the cooperative self-assembly of nanoparticles and block copolymers at the air-water interface, which can generate highly uniform and readily transferable composite films with tunable nanoscale architecture and functionalities. Interestingly, the incorporation of nanoparticles significantly affects the self-assembly of block copolymers at the interface. The nanoparticle-induced morphology change occurs through distinct mechanisms depending on the volume fraction of the hydrophobic block. For block copolymers with a relatively small hydrophobic volume fraction, the morphology transition occurs through the nanoparticle-induced swelling of a selective block. When the hydrophobic volume fraction is large enough, added nanoparticles promote the breath figure assembly, which generates uniform honeycomb-like porous structures with unusual nanoscale periodicity. This approach is generally applicable to various types of nanoparticles, constituting a simple one-step method to porous thin films with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Hickey
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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7
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Oh S, Kang S, Cativo MHM, Yang M, Chung SH, Kim J, Bouffard J, Hong S, Park SJ. Long-Range Order Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymers at Inclined Air-Liquid Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5099-5105. [PMID: 31904932 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report that long-range order, direction-controlled, ultrathin conjugated polymer films can be formed by the self-assembly of conjugated block copolymers (i.e., poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)) at inclined air-water interfaces. Structure analyses revealed well-aligned nanowire arrays of poly(3-hexylthiophene) with a dramatically increased ordered domain size compared to the polymer films formed on a flat water surface. The improved degree of order was attributed to the flow field created by the enhanced solvent evaporation at the top of the water contact line. Note that it is challenging to prepare such well-ordered and molecularly thin films of conjugated polymers by conventional fabrication methods. The long-range order polymer film showed hole mobility an order of magnitude higher than polymer films formed on a flat interface when implemented as an active layer of field-effect transistor devices. This study demonstrates that a simple interface modification can significantly impact the self-assembly process, structure, and function of polymer films formed at the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saejin Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Seulki Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Ma Helen M Cativo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Myungjae Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Jeongsu Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience , Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760 , Korea
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8
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Hood J, Van Gordon K, Thomson P, Coleman BR, Burns F, Moffitt MG. Structural hierarchy in blends of amphiphilic block copolymers self-assembled at the air-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:392-400. [PMID: 31472313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a concurrent self-assembly strategy for patterning hierarchical polymeric surface features by depositing variable-composition blends of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) and polybutadiene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PB-b-PEO) block copolymers at the air-water interface. Hierarchical strand networks of hydrophobic PS/PB blocks anchored via PEO blocks to the water surface, with an internal phase-separation structure consisting of periodic domains of PS blocks surrounded and connected by a matrix of PB blocks, are generated by the interplay of interfacial amphiphilic block copolymer aggregation and polymer/polymer phase separation. In contrast to the cylinder-in-strand structures previously formed by our group in which interfacial microphase separation between PS and PB blocks was constrained by chemical connectivity between the blocks, in the current system phase separation between PS and PB is not constrained by chemical connectivity and yet is confined laterally within surface features at the air-water interface. Investigations of multi-component polymer systems with different connectivities constraining repulsive and attractive interactions provides routes to new hierarchical surface patterns for a variety of applications, including photolithography masks, display technology, surface-guided cell growth and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Kyle Van Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Patricia Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Brian R Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Fraser Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Matthew G Moffitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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9
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Li-Destri G, Ruffino R, Tuccitto N, Marletta G. In situ structure and force characterization of 2D nano-colloids at the air/water interface. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8475-8482. [PMID: 31603450 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The control of self-assembly and the related interactions among nanoparticles (NPs) at liquid surfaces and interfaces represents a stimulating experimental challenge to fully understand the behaviour of nano-colloids confined in a 2D asymmetric environment, in turn prompting the building of novel NP-based functional monolayers. Here, we first investigate the structural evolution of a model mixed surfactant/NP monolayer as a function of the surfactant/NP bulk ratio finding that, at ratios lower than 20, the adsorption at the air/water interface of surfactant-decorated NPs is dominant. We then employed these 2D nano-colloidal monolayers as model systems for grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering measurements, performed using synchrotron radiation, while compressing the monolayers in a Langmuir trough. The simultaneous determination of the compression work and the related reduction of the inter-particle distance at the interface enabled, for the first time, the quantitative characterization of the forces acting between adsorbed NPs, as well as their dispersion law with the inter-particle distance. Distinct surfactant reorganization processes are proposed to interpret the measured forces and the characteristic inter-particle distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li-Destri
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN) and GSGI, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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10
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Kim DH, Kim SY. Self-Assembled Copolymer Adsorption Layer-Induced Block Copolymer Nanostructures in Thin Films. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1562-1571. [PMID: 31572783 PMCID: PMC6764160 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In polymer thin films, the bottom polymer chains are irreversibly adsorbed onto the substrates creating an ultrathin layer. Although this thin layer (only a few nanometers thick) governs all film properties, an understanding of this adsorbed layer remains elusive, and thus, its effective control has yet to be achieved, particularly in block copolymer (BCP) thin films. Herein, we employ self-assembled copolymer adsorption layers (SCALs), transferred from the air/water interfacial self-assembly of BCPs, as an effective control of the adsorbed layer in BCP thin films. SCALs replace the natural adsorbed layer, irreversibly adsorbing onto the substrates when other BCP is additionally coated on the SCALs. We further show that SCALs guide the thin film nanostructures because they provide topological restrictions and enthalpic/entropic preferences for a BCP self-assembly. The SCAL-induced self-assembly enables unprecedented control of nanostructures, creating novel nanopatterns such as spacing-controlled hole/dot patterns, dotted-line patterns, dash-line patterns, and anisotropic cluster patterns with exceptional controllability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
(UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Li R, Qian F, Ren X. Amphiphilic Copolymers PDMAEMA
m
‐
b
‐PAA
n
and Their Complexes with Surfactants at the Air/Water Interface. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and ClothingJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Fengyi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and ClothingJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco‐textiles of Ministry of Education, College of Textiles and ClothingJiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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12
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Kim BQ, Jung Y, Seo M, Choi SQ. Blending Mechanism of PS- b-PEO and PS Homopolymer at the Air/Water Interface and Their Morphological Control. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10293-10301. [PMID: 30095262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a blending mechanism of polystyrene- b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS- b-PEO) and PS homopolymer (homoPS) at the air/water interface. Our blending mechanism is completely different from the well-known "wet-dry brush theory" for bulk blends; regardless of the size of homoPS, the domain size increased and the morphology changed without macrophase separation, whereas the homoPS of small molecular weight (MW) leads to a transition after blending into the block copolymer domains, and the large MW homoPS is phase-separated in bulk. The difference in blending mechanism at the interface is attributed to adsorption kinetics at a water/spreading solvent interface. Upon spreading, PS- b-PEO is rapidly adsorbed to the water/spreading solvent interface and forms domain first, and then homoPS accumulates on them as the solvent completely evaporates. On the basis of our proposed mechanism, we demonstrate that rapid PS- b-PEO adsorption is crucial to determine the final morphology of the blends. We additionally found that spreading preformed self-assemblies of the blends slowed down the adsorption, causing them to behave similar to bulk blends, following the "wet-dry brush theory". This new mechanism provides useful information for various block copolymer-homopolymer blending systems with large fluid/fluid interfaces such as emulsions and foams.
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13
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Kim DH, Kim SY. Effective Morphology Control of Block Copolymers and Spreading Area-Dependent Phase Diagram at the Air/Water Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1865-1871. [PMID: 28383894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, tremendous efforts have been made to understand the fundamental physics of block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly in bulk or thin films, and this has led to the development of BCP-based bottom-up nanofabrication. BCPs also form periodic nanostructures at the air/water interface, which has potential application to ultrathin-film nanopatterning with molecular-level precision. Nonetheless, controlling the nanostructure formation at the air/water interface is restricted by the inherent parameters of BCPs; BCP morphology is determined by the hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic block ratio. Here we show that controlling the spreading area of BCPs at the air/water interface can tune the shape and size of BCP structures, suggesting a new phase diagram of BCP structures as a function of the relative block fraction and spreading area. A neat polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine), known to form a dot morphology, instead forms a strand or planar morphology when the spreading area is varied with Langmuir-Blodgett technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhao X, Wang Q, Yu X, Lee YIII, Liu HG. Hierarchical composite microstructures fabricated at the air/liquid interface through multilevel self-assembly of block copolymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Yabu H, Nagano S. Formation of unusual microphase-separated ultrathin films of poly(vinyl catechol-block-styrene) (PVCa-b-PSt) at the air–water interface by solution casting onto water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of ultrathin films of poly(vinyl catechol-block-styrene) (PVCa-b-PSt) at the air–water interface was accomplished by mixing a THF solution with the water phase followed by solvent evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yabu
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR)
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8577
- Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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16
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Richard-Lacroix M, Borozenko K, Pellerin C, Bazuin CG. Bridging the Gap between the Mesoscopic 2D Order–Order Transition and Molecular-Level Reorganization in Dot-Patterned Block Copolymer Monolayers. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Richard-Lacroix
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Kateryna Borozenko
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - C. Geraldine Bazuin
- Département de chimie,
Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto−assemblés
(CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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17
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Impact of concentration and capping ligand length on the organization of metal nanoparticles in Langmuir-Blodgett surface micelles and nanostrands. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Zhao X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Lee YI, Liu HG. Influence of gold species (AuCl4−and AuCl2−) on self-assembly of PS-b-P2VP in solutions and morphology of composite thin films fabricated at the air/liquid interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:1945-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and facile approach was developed to fabricate functional composite films of block copolymers at the air/liquid interface through a self-emulsification, self-assembly and adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronics
- Shandong Normal University
- Jinan 250014
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Anastro Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Changwon National University
- Changwon 641-773
- Korea
| | - Hong-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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19
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Li Z, Ma X, Zang D, Guan X, Zhu L, Liu J, Chen F. Interfacial rheology and aggregation behaviour of amphiphilic CBABC-type pentablock copolymers at the air–water interface: effects of block ratio and chain length. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interfacial rheology, aggregation behaviour and packing model of the structure evolution of three amphiphilic CBABC-type pentablock copolymers were investigated at the air–water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Duyang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Xinghua Guan
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Jinshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
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20
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Zhao X, Wang Q, Lee YI, Hao J, Liu HG. A new strategy to fabricate composite thin films with tunable micro- and nanostructures via self-assembly of block copolymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16687-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and facile strategy to fabricate composite thin films with tunable morphologies at the air/liquid interface is first reported, paving a new way for the generation of composite films in nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Anastro Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Changwon National University
- Changwon 641-773
- Korea
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Guo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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21
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Cativo MHM, Kim DK, Riggleman RA, Yager KG, Nonnenmann SS, Chao H, Bonnell DA, Black CT, Kagan CR, Park SJ. Air-liquid interfacial self-assembly of conjugated block copolymers into ordered nanowire arrays. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12755-12762. [PMID: 25486546 DOI: 10.1021/nn505871b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the molecular packing and nanoscale morphology of conjugated polymers is important for many of their applications. Here, we report the fabrication of well-ordered nanoarrays of conjugated polymers, based on the self-assembly of conjugated block copolymers at the air-liquid interface. We demonstrate that the self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (P3HT-b-PEG) at the air-water interface leads to large-area free-standing films of well-aligned P3HT nanowires. Block copolymers with high P3HT contents (82-91%) formed well-ordered nanoarrays at the interface. The fluidic nature of the interface, block copolymer architecture, and rigid nature of P3HT were necessary for the formation of well-ordered nanostructures. The free-standing films formed at the interface can be readily transferred to arbitrary solid substrates. The P3HT-b-PEG films are integrated in field-effect transistors and show orders of magnitude higher charge carrier mobility than spin-cast films, demonstrating that the air-liquid interfacial self-assembly is an effective thin film fabrication tool for conjugated block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Helen M Cativo
- Departments of Chemistry, ‡Materials Science and Engineering, §Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and ∥Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Chen X, Perepichka II, Bazuin CG. Double-striped metallic patterns from PS-b-P4VP nanostrand templates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:18360-18367. [PMID: 25260097 DOI: 10.1021/am506332q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new nanometallic pattern, characterized by randomly disposed double or twin one-dimensional stripes and that adds to the nanotechnology toolbox, has been obtained from a unique template possessing the nanostrand morphology. This morphology had previously been shown to form in Langmuir-Blodgett films made from a polystyrene-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-P4VP) diblock copolymer blended with 3-n-pentadecylphenol (PDP). The nanostrand backbone is composed of PS, and it is bordered along both sides by a P4VP monolayer, visualized for the first time by high resolution atomic force microscopy. The exposed P4VP alongside the nanostrands serves as sites for depositing compounds attracted selectively to P4VP. Here, both gold ions (HAuCl4·3H2O) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP, 12 nm in diameter, stabilized with sodium citrate) were complexed to the P4VP. Plasma treatment of the gold ions led to double stripes of monolayer metallic gold. To obtain dense deposition of AuNP in double rows, it was necessary to acidify the AuNP aqueous solution (pH 5.2 here). The achievement of the metallic double-stripe patterns also confirms the composition of the nanostrand morphology, which up to now had been deduced indirectly. The double-stripe pattern has possible applications for plasmonic lasers, energy transport, and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximin Chen
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada , H3C 3J7
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23
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Li Destri G, Miano F, Marletta G. Structure-rheology relationship in weakly amphiphilic block copolymer Langmuir monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:3345-3353. [PMID: 24650052 DOI: 10.1021/la4043777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The linear viscoelastic behavior in the low-frequency regime at the water/air interface of three different polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer monolayers, with block length ratio varying from 66-33 to 50-50 and 25-75 in molecular units, was studied and related to the interfacial behavior, characterized by means of Langmuir isotherms, and their structure, characterized by means of the atomic force microscopy technique. The two monolayers with the highest PMMA amount showed a single phase transition at about 12 mN/m, the viscoelastic behavior changing from a predominantly elastic to a viscoelastic one. This change in the viscoelastic properties was ascribed to the beginning of entanglement among the PMMA coronas of the predominantly circular quasi-2D micelles formed by the two copolymer systems. Conversely, the polymer with the lowest PMMA amount, despite having the same PMMA block length of the PS-PMMA 50-50 block copolymer, was found to behave as a viscoelastic system at any surface pressure value. This characteristic behavior cannot therefore be simply related to the molecular weight difference, but it has been put in connection to the irregular micelle structure observed in this case, consisting of a mixture of spherical and wormlike micelles, and to the different conformation adopted by the PMMA block. By blending this copolymer with an immiscible elastic homopolymer, namely poly(2-vinylpyridine), it was possible to tune the micelle nanostructure, obtaining regular circular quasi-2D micelles, with viscoelastic properties as expected for the PMMA-rich copolymer monolayers. To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time the explicit dependence upon the relative block length and, in turn, upon the nanostructure of the quasi-2D micelles, of the viscoelastic properties of Langmuir monolayers and suggests that molecular weight and intermolecular interactions are not the only parameters governing the polymer conformation and, in turn, the polymer rheology and dynamics in quasi-2D confined systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li Destri
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemistry, University of Catania and CSGI , V.le A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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24
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Sakakibara K, Granström M, Kilpeläinen I, Helaja J, Heinilehto S, Inoue R, Kanaya T, Hill JP, Nakatsubo F, Tsujii Y, Ariga K. Light-harvesting nanorods based on pheophorbide-appending cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3223-30. [PMID: 23865684 DOI: 10.1021/bm400858v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the success in artificial DNA- and peptide-based nanostructures, the ability of polysaccharides to self-assemble into one-, two-, and three-dimensional nanostructures are limited. Here, we describe a strategy for designing and fabricating nanorods using a regioselectively functionalized cellulose derivative at the air-water interface in a stepwise manner. A semisynthetic chlorophyll derivative, pyro-pheophorbide a, was partially introduced into the C-6 position of the cellulose backbone for the design of materials with specific optical properties. Remarkably, controlled formation of cellulose nanorods can be achieved, producing light-harvesting nanorods that display a larger bathochromic shift than their solution counterparts. The results presented here demonstrate that the self-assembly of functionalized polysaccharides on surfaces could lead the nanostructures mimicking the naturally occurring chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Sakakibara
- World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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25
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Perepichka II, Lu Q, Badia A, Bazuin CG. Understanding and controlling morphology formation in Langmuir-Blodgett block copolymer films using PS-P4VP and PS-P4VP/PDP. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4502-19. [PMID: 23383750 DOI: 10.1021/la3040962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This contribution offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors that govern the morphologies of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayers of amphiphilic diblock copolymers (BCs). This is achieved by a detailed investigation of a wide range of polystyrene-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (PS-P4VP) block copolymers, in contrast to much more limited ranges in previous studies. Parameters that are varied include the block ratios (mainly for similar total molecular weights, occasionally other total molecular weights), the presence or not of 3-n-pentadecylphenol (PDP, usually equimolar with VP, with which it hydrogen bonds), the spreading solution concentration ("low" and "high"), and the LB technique (standard vs "solvent-assisted"). Our observations are compared with previously published results on other amphiphilic diblock copolymers, which had given rise to contradictory interpretations of morphology formation. Based on the accumulated results, we re-establish early literature conclusions that three main categories of LB block copolymer morphologies are obtained depending on the block ratio, termed planar, strand, and dot regimes. The block composition boundaries in terms of mol % block content are shown to be similar for all BCs having alkyl chain substituents on the hydrophilic block (such as PS-P4VP/PDP) and are shifted to higher values for BCs with no alkyl chain substituents (such as PS-P4VP). This is attributed to the higher surface area per repeat unit of the hydrophilic block monolayer on the water surface for the former, as supported by the onset and limiting areas of the Langmuir isotherms for the BCs in the dot regime. 2D phase diagrams are discussed in terms of relative effective surface areas of the two blocks. We identify and discuss how kinetic effects on morphology formation, which have been highlighted in more recent literature, are superposed on the compositional effects. The kinetic effects are shown to depend on the morphology regime, most strongly influencing the strand and, especially, planar regimes, where they give rise to a diversity of specific structures. Besides film dewetting mechanisms, which are different when occurring in structured versus unstructured films (the latter previously discussed in the literature), kinetic influences are discussed in terms of chain association dynamics leading to depletion effects that impact on growing aggregates. These depletion effects particularly manifest themselves in more dilute spreading solutions, with higher molecular weight polymers, and in composition regimes characterized by equilibrium degrees of aggregation that are effectively infinite. It is by understanding these various kinetic influences that the diversity of structures can be classified by the three main composition-dependent regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I Perepichka
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Auto-Assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
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26
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Nanopatterning of substrates by self-assembly in supramolecular block copolymer monolayer films. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Perepichka II, Borozenko K, Badia A, Bazuin CG. Pressure-induced order transition in nanodot-forming diblock copolymers at the air/water interface. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19702-5. [PMID: 22053989 DOI: 10.1021/ja209502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the processes in block copolymer (BC) monolayers at the air/water interface during surface area compression is a key issue for producing ultrathin films of predetermined morphology with well-defined order and known dimensions. Langmuir isotherms of nanodot-forming BC monolayers generally display a plateau indicative of a 2D phase transition, which has been the subject of various interpretations in the literature. Here, based on investigations of Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer nanodot films of PS-P4VP mixed with 3-n-pentadecylphenol (PDP), we show by atomic force microscopy (AFM) that it involves a change in nanodot packing order (from quasi-hexagonal to quasi-square), argued to be a general phenomenon for nanodot BC monolayers. It is accompanied by system-specific conformational changes (as discussed in previous literature), which, in the present case, implicate PDP alkyl chain ordering, as deduced previously from in situ infrared data and indirectly supported here by AFM imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I Perepichka
- Département de chimie, Centre de recherche sur les matériaux auto-assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
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