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Boukouvala C, West CA, Ten A, Hopper E, Ramasse QM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Far-field, near-field and photothermal response of plasmonic twinned magnesium nanostructures. Nanoscale 2024; 16:7480-7492. [PMID: 38344779 PMCID: PMC11025716 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles offer an alternative plasmonic platform capable of resonances across the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared. Crystalline magnesium nanoparticles display twinning on the (101̄1), (101̄2), (101̄3), and (112̄1) planes leading to concave folded shapes named tents, chairs, tacos, and kites, respectively. We use the Wulff-based Crystal Creator tool to expand the range of Mg crystal shapes with twinning over the known Mg twin planes, i.e., (101̄x), x = 1, 2, 3 and (112̄y), y = 1, 2, 3, 4, and study the effects of relative facet expression on the resulting shapes. These shapes include both concave and convex structures, some of which have been experimentally observed. The resonant modes, far-field, and near-field optical responses of these unusual plasmonic shapes as well as their photothermal behaviour are reported, revealing the effects of folding angle and in-filling of the concave region. Significant differences exist between shapes, in particular regarding the maximum and average electric field enhancement. A maximum field enhancement (|E|/|E0|) of 184, comparable to that calculated for Au and Ag nanoparticles, was found at the tips of the (112̄4) kite. The presence of a 5 nm MgO shell is found to decrease the near-field enhancement by 67% to 90% depending on the shape, while it can increase the plasmon-induced temperature rise by up to 42%. Tip rounding on the otherwise sharp nanoparticle corners also significantly affects the maximum field enhancement. These results provide guidance for the design of enhancing and photothermal substrates for a variety of plasmonic applications across a wide spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Claire A West
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Andrey Ten
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, 211 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 9JS, UK
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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2
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Wayman TR, Lomonosov V, Ringe E. Capping Agents Enable Well-Dispersed and Colloidally Stable Metallic Magnesium Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2024; 128:4666-4676. [PMID: 38533241 PMCID: PMC10961833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mg nanoparticles are an emerging plasmonic material due to Mg's abundance and ability to sustain size- and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances across a broad range of wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. However, Mg nanoparticles are colloidally unstable due to their tendency to aggregate and sediment. Nanoparticle aggregation can be inhibited by the addition of capping agents that impart surface charges or steric repulsion. Here, we report that the common capping agents poly(vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interact differently and have varied effects on the aggregation and colloidal stability of Mg nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of PVP showed improvements in colloidal stability and reduced aggregation, as observed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. The binding of PVP was confirmed through infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of PVP on the reduction of di-n-butyl magnesium was evaluated through analysis of particle size distribution and Mg yield as a function of reaction time, reducing agent, and temperature. Furthermore, the presence of PVP drastically changes the growth pattern of metallic Mg structures obtained from the reduction of the Grignard reagents butylmagnesium chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride by lithium naphthalenide: large polycrystalline aggregates and well-separated faceted nanoparticles grow without and with PVP, respectively. This study provides new synthetic routes that generate colloidally stable and well-dispersed Mg nanoparticles for plasmonic and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. R. Wayman
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Zheng J, Lewis GR, Xia X, Ringe E, Zhang W, Wang J. Chiral Gold Nanorods with Five-Fold Rotational Symmetry and Orientation-Dependent Chiroptical Properties of Their Monomers and Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312615. [PMID: 37945530 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanoparticles have attracted much attention because of their strong chiroptical responses and broad scientific applications. However, the types of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles have remained limited. Herein we report on a new type of chiral nanoparticle, chiral Au nanorod (NR) with five-fold rotational symmetry, which is synthesized using chiral molecules. Three different types of Au seeds (Au elongated nanodecahedrons, nanodecahedrons, and nanobipyramids) are used to study the growth behaviors. Different synthesis parameters, including the chiral molecules, surfactant, reductant, seeds, and Au precursor, are systematically varied to optimize the chiroptical responses of the chiral Au NRs. The chiral scattering measurements on the individual chiral Au NRs and their dimers are performed. Intriguingly, the chiroptical signals of the individual chiral Au NRs and their end-to-end dimers are similar, while those of the side-by-side dimers are largely reduced. Theoretical calculations and numerical simulations reveal that the different chiroptical responses of the chiral NR dimers are originated from the coupling effect between the plasmon resonance modes. Our study enriches chiral plasmonic nanoparticles and provides valuable insight for the design of plasmonic nanostructures with desired chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - George R Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Xinyue Xia
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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4
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West C, Lomonosov V, Pehlivan ZS, Ringe E. Plasmonic Magnesium Nanoparticles Are Efficient Nanoheaters. Nano Lett 2023; 23:10964-10970. [PMID: 38011145 PMCID: PMC10722534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and guiding light at the nanoscale can significantly impact society, for instance, by facilitating the development of efficient, sustainable, and/or cost-effective technologies. One emergent branch of nanotechnology exploits the conversion of light into heat, where heat is subsequently harnessed for various applications including therapeutics, heat-driven chemistries, and solar heating. Gold nanoparticles are overwhelmingly the most common material for plasmon-assisted photothermal applications; yet magnesium nanoparticles present a compelling alternative due to their low cost and superior biocompatibility. Herein, we measured the heat generated and quantified the photothermal efficiency of the gold and magnesium nanoparticle suspensions. Photothermal transduction experiments and optical and thermal simulations of different sizes and shapes of gold and magnesium nanoparticles showed that magnesium is more efficient at converting light into heat compared to gold at near-infrared wavelengths, thus demonstrating that magnesium nanoparticles are a promising new class of inexpensive, biodegradable photothermal platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
A. West
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Zeki Semih Pehlivan
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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5
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Ten A, West CA, Jeong S, Hopper ER, Wang Y, Zhu B, Ramasse QM, Ye X, Ringe E. Bimetallic copper palladium nanorods: plasmonic properties and palladium content effects. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6524-6532. [PMID: 38024297 PMCID: PMC10662198 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00523b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Cu is an inexpensive alternative plasmonic metal with optical behaviour comparable to Au but with much poorer environmental stability. Alloying with a more stable metal can improve stability and add functionality, with potential effects on the plasmonic properties. Here we investigate the plasmonic behaviour of Cu nanorods and Cu-CuPd nanorods containing up to 46 mass percent Pd. Monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy-loss spectroscopy first reveals the strong length dependence of multiple plasmonic modes in Cu nanorods, where the plasmon peaks redshift and narrow with increasing length. Next, we observe an increased damping (and increased linewidth) with increasing Pd content, accompanied by minimal frequency shift. These results are corroborated by and expanded upon with numerical simulations using the electron-driven discrete dipole approximation. This study indicates that adding Pd to nanostructures of Cu is a promising method to expand the scope of their plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Ten
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Claire A West
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
| | - Soojin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Baixu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JS UK
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus Keckwick Lane Daresbury WA4 4AD UK
| | - Xingchen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington Indiana 47405 USA
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
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6
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Lewis GR, Wolf D, Lubk A, Ringe E, Midgley PA. WRAP: A wavelet-regularised reconstruction algorithm for magnetic vector electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 253:113804. [PMID: 37481909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic vector electron tomography (VET) is a promising technique that enables better understanding of micro- and nano-magnetic phenomena through the reconstruction of 3D magnetic fields at high spatial resolution. Here we introduce WRAP (Wavelet Regularised A Program), a reconstruction algorithm for magnetic VET that directly reconstructs the magnetic vector potential A using a compressed sensing framework which regularises for sparsity in the wavelet domain. We demonstrate that using WRAP leads to a significant increase in the fidelity of the 3D reconstruction and is especially robust when dealing with very limited data; using datasets simulated with realistic noise, we compare WRAP to a conventional reconstruction algorithm and find an improvement of ca. 60% when averaged over several performance metrics. Moreover, we further validate WRAP's performance on experimental electron holography data, revealing the detailed magnetism of vortex states in a CuCo nanowire. We believe WRAP represents a major step forward in the development of magnetic VET as a tool for probing magnetism at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
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7
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Masson JF, Wallace GQ, Asselin J, Ten A, Hojjat Jodaylami M, Faulds K, Graham D, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Optoplasmonic Effects in Highly Curved Surfaces for Catalysis, Photothermal Heating, and SERS. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:46181-46194. [PMID: 37733583 PMCID: PMC10561152 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Surface curvature can be used to focus light and alter optical processes. Here, we show that curved surfaces (spheres, cylinders, and cones) with a radius of around 5 μm lead to maximal optoplasmonic properties including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), photocatalysis, and photothermal processes. Glass microspheres, microfibers, pulled fibers, and control flat substrates were functionalized with well-dispersed and dense arrays of 45 nm Au NP using polystyrene-block-poly-4-vinylpyridine (PS-b-P4VP) and chemically modified with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA, SERS reporter), 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT, reactive to plasmonic catalysis), or 4-fluorophenyl isocyanide (FPIC, photothermal reporter). The various curved substrates enhanced the plasmonic properties by focusing the light in a photonic nanojet and providing a directional antenna to increase the collection efficacy of SERS photons. The optoplasmonic effects led to an increase of up to 1 order of magnitude of the SERS response, up to 5 times the photocatalytic conversion of 4-NBT to 4,4'-dimercaptoazobenzene when the diameter of the curved surfaces was about 5 μm and a small increase in photothermal effects. Taken together, the results provide evidence that curvature enhances plasmonic properties and that its effect is maximal for spherical objects around a few micrometers in diameter, in agreement with a theoretical framework based on geometrical optics. These enhanced plasmonic effects and the stationary-phase-like plasmonic substrates pave the way to the next generation of sensors, plasmonic photocatalysts, and photothermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Masson
- Département
de chimie, Quebec center for advanced materials, Regroupement québécois
sur les matériaux de pointe, and Centre interdisciplinaire
de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Gregory Q. Wallace
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Technology and Innovation Centre, University
of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Material Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, U.K. CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, U.K. CB2 3EQ
| | - Andrey Ten
- Department
of Material Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, U.K. CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, U.K. CB2 3EQ
| | - Maryam Hojjat Jodaylami
- Département
de chimie, Quebec center for advanced materials, Regroupement québécois
sur les matériaux de pointe, and Centre interdisciplinaire
de recherche sur le cerveau et l’apprentissage, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Technology and Innovation Centre, University
of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre
for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry,
Technology and Innovation Centre, University
of Strathclyde, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - John S. Biggins
- Engineering
Department, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, U.K. CB2 1PZ
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Material Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, U.K. CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, U.K. CB2 3EQ
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8
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Zheng J, Boukouvala C, Lewis GR, Ma Y, Chen Y, Ringe E, Shao L, Huang Z, Wang J. Halide-assisted differential growth of chiral nanoparticles with threefold rotational symmetry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3783. [PMID: 37355650 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enriching the library of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles that can be chemically mass-produced will greatly facilitate the applications of chiral plasmonics in areas ranging from constructing optical metamaterials to sensing chiral molecules and activating immune cells. Here we report on a halide-assisted differential growth strategy that can direct the anisotropic growth of chiral Au nanoparticles with tunable sizes and diverse morphologies. Anisotropic Au nanodisks are employed as seeds to yield triskelion-shaped chiral nanoparticles with threefold rotational symmetry and high dissymmetry factors. The averaged scattering g-factors of the L- and D-nanotriskelions are as large as 0.57 and - 0.49 at 650 nm, respectively. The Au nanotriskelions have been applied in chiral optical switching devices and chiral nanoemitters. We also demonstrate that the manipulation of the directional growth rate enables the generation of a variety of chiral morphologies in the presence of homochiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - George R Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, United Kingdom.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Lei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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9
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Lewis GR, Ringe E, Midgley PA. Cones and spirals: Multi-axis acquisition for scalar and vector electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 252:113775. [PMID: 37295062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography (ET) has become an important tool for understanding the 3D nature of nanomaterials, with recent developments enabling not only scalar reconstructions of electron density, but also vector reconstructions of magnetic fields. However, whilst new signals have been incorporated into the ET toolkit, the acquisition schemes have largely kept to conventional single-axis tilt series for scalar ET, and dual-axis schemes for magnetic vector ET. In this work, we explore the potential of using multi-axis tilt schemes including conical and spiral tilt schemes to improve reconstruction fidelity in scalar and magnetic vector ET. Through a combination of systematic simulations and a proof-of-concept experiment, we show that spiral and conical tilt schemes have the potential to produce substantially improved reconstructions, laying the foundations of a new approach to electron tomography acquisition and reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Lewis
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
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10
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Patil S, Lomonosov V, Ringe E, Kurouski D. Tip-Enhanced Raman Imaging of Plasmon-Driven Coupling of 4-Nitrobenzenethiol on Au-Decorated Magnesium Nanostructures. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:7702-7706. [PMID: 37483685 PMCID: PMC10359025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs) exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared parts of electromagnetic spectrum and are attracting increasing interest due to their sustainability and biocompatibility. In this study, we used tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to examine the photocatalytic properties of MgNP protected by a thin native oxide layer and their Au-modified bimetallic analogs produced by partial galvanic replacement, Au-MgNPs. We found no reduction of 4-nitrobenzenethiol (4-NBT) to p,p'-dimercaptoazobisbenzene (DMAB) when a Au-coated tip was placed in contact with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-NBT molecules adsorbed on MgNPs alone. However, decorating Mg with Au made these bimetallic structures catalytically active. The DMAB signal signature of photocatalytic activity was more delocalized around AuNPs attached to Mg than around AuNPs on a Si substrate, indicating coupling between the Mg core and Au decorations. This report on photocatalytic activity of a bimetallic structure including plasmonic Mg paves the way for further catalyst architectures benefiting from Mg's versatility and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati
J. Patil
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
- The
Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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11
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Lomonosov V, Wayman TMR, Hopper ER, Ivanov YP, Divitini G, Ringe E. Plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles decorated with palladium catalyze thermal and light-driven hydrogenation of acetylene. Nanoscale 2023; 15:7420-7429. [PMID: 36988987 PMCID: PMC10134437 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Pd-Mg nanoparticles were synthesized by partial galvanic replacement of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles, and their catalytic and photocatalytic properties in selective hydrogenation of acetylene have been investigated. Electron probe studies confirm that the Mg-Pd structures mainly consist of metallic Mg and sustain several localized plasmon resonances across a broad wavelength range. We demonstrate that, even without light excitation, the Pd-Mg nanostructures exhibit an excellent catalytic activity with selectivity to ethylene of 55% at 100% acetylene conversion achieved at 60 °C. With laser excitation at room temperature over a range of intensities and wavelengths, the initial reaction rate increased up to 40 times with respect to dark conditions and a 2-fold decrease of the apparent activation energy was observed. A significant wavelength-dependent change in hydrogenation kinetics strongly supports a catalytic behavior affected by plasmon excitation. This report of coupling between Mg's plasmonic and Pd's catalytic properties paves the way for sustainable catalytic structures for challenging, industrially relevant selective hydrogenation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Thomas M R Wayman
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Electron Spectroscopy and Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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12
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Lomonosov V, Hopper ER, Ringe E. Seed-mediated synthesis of monodisperse plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5603-5606. [PMID: 37078617 PMCID: PMC10157803 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
We reduce di-n-butylmagnesium with arene (naphthalene, biphenyl, phenanthrene) radical anions and dianions to obtain metallic, plasmonic Mg nanoparticles. Their size and shape depends on the dianion concentration and reduction potential. Based on these results, we demonstrate a seeded growth Mg nanoparticle synthesis and report homogeneous shapes with controllable monodisperse size distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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13
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Elabbadi M, Boukouvala C, Hopper ER, Asselin J, Ringe E. Synthesis of Controllable Cu Shells on Au Nanoparticles with Electrodeposition: A Systematic in Situ Single Particle Study. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:5044-5053. [PMID: 36960102 PMCID: PMC10026066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Cu on Au nanoparticles with controllable morphology and optical properties were obtained via electrochemical synthesis. In particular, multilobed structures with good homogeneity were achieved through the optimization of experimental parameters such as deposition current, charge transfer, and metal ion concentration. A hyperspectral dark field scattering setup was used to characterize the electrodeposition on a single particle level, with changes in localized surface plasmon resonance frequency correlated with deposition charge transfer and amount of Cu deposited as determined by electron microscopy. This demonstrated the ability to tune morphology and spectra through electrochemical parameters alone. Time-resolved in situ measurements of single particle spectra were obtained, giving an insight into the kinetics of the deposition process. Nucleation of multiple cubes of Cu initially occurs preferentially on the tips of Au nanoparticles, before growing and coalescing to form a multilobed, lumpy shell. Modifying the surface of Au nanoparticles by plasma treatment resulted in thicker and more uniform Cu shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Elabbadi
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
| | - Elizabeth R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0AS
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
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14
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Abstract
Plasmonic nanomaterials have outstanding optoelectronic properties potentially enabling the next generation of catalysts, sensors, lasers and photothermal devices. Owing to optical and electron techniques, modern nanoplasmonics research generates large datasets characterizing features across length scales. Furthermore, optimizing syntheses leading to specific nanostructures requires time-consuming multiparametric approaches. These complex datasets and trial-and-error practices make nanoplasmonics research ripe for the application of machine learning (ML) and advanced data processing methods. ML algorithms capture relationships between synthesis, structure and performance in a way that far exceeds conventional simulation and theory approaches, enabling effective performance optimization. For example, neural networks can tailor the nanostructure morphology to target desired properties, identify synthetic conditions and extract quantitative information from complex data. Here we discuss the nascent field of ML for nanoplasmonics, describe the opportunities and limitations of ML in nanoplasmonic research, and conclude that ML is potentially transformative, especially if the community curates and shares its big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de chimie, Quebec Center for Advanced Materials, Regroupement québécois sur les matériaux de pointe, and Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - John S Biggins
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Material Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Sheikh HA, Tung PY, Ringe E, Harrison RJ. Magnetic and microscopic investigation of airborne iron oxide nanoparticles in the London Underground. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20298. [PMID: 36522360 PMCID: PMC9755232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) concentration levels in the London Underground (LU) are higher than London background levels and beyond World Health Organization (WHO) defined limits. Wheel, track, and brake abrasion are the primary sources of particulate matter, producing predominantly Fe-rich particles that make the LU microenvironment particularly well suited to study using environmental magnetism. Here we combine magnetic properties, high-resolution electron microscopy, and electron tomography to characterize the structure, chemistry, and morphometric properties of LU particles in three dimensions with nanoscale resolution. Our findings show that LU PM is dominated by 5-500 nm particles of maghemite, occurring as 0.1-2 μm aggregated clusters, skewing the size-fractioned concentration of PM artificially to larger sizes when measured with traditional monitors. Magnetic properties are largely independent of the PM filter size (PM10, PM4, and PM2.5), and demonstrate the presence of superparamagnetic (< 30 nm), single-domain (30-70 nm), and vortex/pseudo-single domain (70-700 nm) signals only (i.e., no multi-domain particles > 1 µm). The oxidized nature of the particles suggests that PM exposure in the LU is dominated by resuspension of aged dust particles relative to freshly abraded, metallic particles from the wheel/track/brake system, suggesting that periodic removal of accumulated dust from underground tunnels might provide a cost-effective strategy for reducing exposure. The abundance of ultrafine particles identified here could have particularly adverse health impacts as their smaller size makes it possible to pass from lungs to the blood stream. Magnetic methods are shown to provide an accurate assessment of ultrafine PM characteristics, providing a robust route to monitoring, and potentially mitigating this hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Sheikh
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
| | - P. Y. Tung
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK
| | - E. Ringe
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK ,grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Materials Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS UK
| | - R. J. Harrison
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ UK
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16
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Woessner ZJ, Lewis GR, Bueno SLA, Ringe E, Skrabalak SE. Asymmetric seed passivation for regioselective overgrowth and formation of plasmonic nanobowls. Nanoscale 2022; 14:16918-16928. [PMID: 36345669 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05182f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered excitement over the past several decades stemming from their unique optoelectronic properties, leading to their use in various sensing applications and theranostics. Symmetry dictates the properties of many nanomaterials, and nanostructures with low, but still defined symmetries, often display markedly different properties compared to their higher symmetry counterparts. While numerous methods are available to manipulate symmetry, surface protecting groups such as polymers are finding use due to their ability to achieve regioselective modification of NP seeds, which can be removed after overgrowth as shown here. Specifically, poly(styrene-b-polyacrylic acid) (PSPAA) is used to asymmetrically passivate cubic Au seeds through competition with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) ligands. The asymmetric passivation via collapsed PSPAA causes only select vertices and faces of the Au cubes to be available for deposition of new material (i.e., Au, Au-Ag alloy, and Au-Pd alloy) during seeded overgrowth. At low metal precursor concentrations, deposition follows observations from unpassivated seeds but with new material growing from only the exposed seed portions. At high metal precursor concentrations, nanobowl-like structures form from interaction between the depositing phase and the passivating PSPAA. Through experiment and simulation, the optoelectronic properties of these nanobowls were probed, finding that the interiors and exteriors of the nanobowls can be functionalized selectively as revealed by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Woessner
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - George R Lewis
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0FS.
| | - Sandra L A Bueno
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, UK, CB3 0FS.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK, CB2 3EQ
| | - Sara E Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
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17
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Googasian JS, Lewis GR, Woessner ZJ, Ringe E, Skrabalak SE. Seed-directed synthesis of chiroptically active Au nanocrystals of varied symmetries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11575-11578. [PMID: 36168847 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanocrystals with varied symmetries were synthesized by L-glutathione-guided overgrowth from Au tetrahedra, nanoplates, and octahedra, highlighting the importance of chiral molecule adsorption at transient kink sites. Large g-factors are possible and depend on symmetry. Simulations of their chiroptical properties from tomographically obtained nanocrystal models further verify their chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Googasian
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - George R Lewis
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Zachary J Woessner
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Sara E Skrabalak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University - Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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18
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Hopper E, Boukouvala C, Asselin J, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Opportunities and Challenges for Alternative Nanoplasmonic Metals: Magnesium and Beyond. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:10630-10643. [PMID: 35836479 PMCID: PMC9272400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Materials that sustain localized surface plasmon resonances have a broad technology potential as attractive platforms for surface-enhanced spectroscopies, chemical and biological sensing, light-driven catalysis, hyperthermal cancer therapy, waveguides, and so on. Most plasmonic nanoparticles studied to date are composed of either Ag or Au, for which a vast array of synthetic approaches are available, leading to controllable size and shape. However, recently, alternative materials capable of generating plasmonically enhanced light-matter interactions have gained prominence, notably Cu, Al, In, and Mg. In this Perspective, we give an overview of the attributes of plasmonic nanostructures that lead to their potential use and how their performance is dictated by the choice of plasmonic material, emphasizing the similarities and differences between traditional and emerging plasmonic compositions. First, we discuss the materials limitation encapsulated by the dielectric function. Then, we evaluate how size and shape maneuver localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) energy and field distribution and address how this impacts applications. Next, biocompatibility, reactivity, and cost, all key differences underlying the potential of non-noble metals, are highlighted. We find that metals beyond Ag and Au are of competitive plasmonic quality. We argue that by thinking outside of the box, i.e., by looking at nonconventional materials such as Mg, one can broaden the frequency range and, more importantly, combine the plasmonic response with other properties essential for the implementation of plasmonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - John S. Biggins
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
- . Phone: +44 (0)1223 334330
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19
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Hopper E, Wayman TMR, Asselin J, Pinho B, Boukouvala C, Torrente-Murciano L, Ringe E. Size Control in the Colloidal Synthesis of Plasmonic Magnesium Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2022; 126:563-577. [PMID: 35059097 PMCID: PMC8762659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of plasmonic materials can sustain oscillations of their free electron density, called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs), giving them a broad range of potential applications. Mg is an earth-abundant plasmonic material attracting growing attention owing to its ability to sustain LSPRs across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelength range. Tuning the LSPR frequency of plasmonic nanoparticles requires precise control over their size and shape; for Mg, this control has previously been achieved using top-down fabrication or gas-phase methods, but these are slow and expensive. Here, we systematically probe the effects of reaction parameters on the nucleation and growth of Mg nanoparticles using a facile and inexpensive colloidal synthesis. Small NPs of 80 nm were synthesized using a low reaction time of 1 min and ∼100 nm NPs were synthesized by decreasing the overall reaction concentration, replacing the naphthalene electron carrier with biphenyl or using metal salt additives of FeCl3 or NiCl2 at longer reaction times of 17 h. Intermediate sizes up to 400 nm were further selected via the overall reaction concentration or using other metal salt additives with different reduction potentials. Significantly larger particles of over a micrometer were produced by reducing the reaction temperature and, thus, the nucleation rate. We showed that increasing the solvent coordination reduced Mg NP sizes, while scaling up the reaction reduced the mixing efficiency and produced larger NPs. Surprisingly, varying the relative amounts of Mg precursor and electron carrier had little impact on the final NP sizes. These results pave the way for the large-scale use of Mg as a low-cost and sustainable plasmonic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M. R. Wayman
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Bruno Pinho
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
| | - Laura Torrente-Murciano
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United
Kingdom
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20
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Lomonosov V, Asselin J, Ringe E. Solvent effects on the kinetics of 4-nitrophenol reduction by NaBH 4 in the presence of Ag and Au nanoparticles. REACT CHEM ENG 2022; 7:1728-1741. [PMID: 35966409 PMCID: PMC9316932 DOI: 10.1039/d2re00044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with an excess of sodium borohydride is commonly used as a model reaction to assess the catalytic activity of metallic nanoparticles. This reaction is considered both a potentially important step in industrial water treatment and an attractive, commercially relevant synthetic pathway. Surprisingly, an important factor, the role of the reaction medium on the reduction performance, has so far been overlooked. Here, we report a pronounced effect of the solvent on the reaction kinetics in the presence of silver and gold nanoparticles. We demonstrate that the addition of methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol to the reaction mixture leads to a dramatic decrease in the reaction rate. For typical concentrations of reactants, the reduction is completely suppressed in the presence of 50 vol% alcohols. 4-NiP reduction rate in aqueous alcohol mixtures can, however, be improved noticeably by increasing the borohydride concentration or the reaction temperature. The analysis of various factors responsible for solvent effects reveals that the decrease in the reduction rate in the presence of alcohols is related, amongst others, to a substantially higher oxygen solubility in alcohols compared to water. The results of this work show that the effects of solvent properties on reaction kinetics must be considered for unambiguous comparison and optimization of the catalytic performance of metallic nanoparticles in the liquid phase 4-NiP reduction. The presence of methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol in the reaction mixture substantially affects the kinetics of 4-nitrophenol reduction in aqueous medium.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Jérémie Asselin
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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21
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Asselin J, Hopper ER, Ringe E. Improving the stability of plasmonic magnesium nanoparticles in aqueous media. Nanoscale 2021; 13:20649-20656. [PMID: 34877958 PMCID: PMC8675025 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This work describes two different core-shell architectures based on Mg nanoparticles (NPs) synthesised in order to improve Mg's stability in aqueous solutions. The shell thickness in Mg-polydopamine NPs can be modulated from 5 to >50 nm by ending the polymerization at different times; the resulting structures stabilize the metallic, plasmonic core in water for well over an hour. Mg-silica NPs with shells ranging from 5 to 30 nm can also be prepared via a modified Stöber procedure and they retain optical properties in 5% water-in-isopropanol solutions. These new architectures allow Mg nanoplasmonics to be investigated as an alternative to Ag and Au in a broader range of experimental conditions for a rich variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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22
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Abstract
Unlike in the bulk, at the nanoscale shape dictates properties. The imperative to understand and predict nanocrystal shape led to the development, over several decades, of a large number of mathematical models and, later, their software implementations. In this review, the various mathematical approaches used to model crystal shapes are first overviewed, from the century-old Wulff construction to the year-old (2020) approach to describe supported twinned nanocrystals, together with a discussion and disambiguation of the terminology. Then, the multitude of published software implementations of these Wulff-based shape models are described in detail, describing their technical aspects, advantages and limitations. Finally, a discussion of the scientific applications of shape models to either predict shape or use shape to deduce thermodynamic and/or kinetic parameters is offered, followed by a conclusion. This review provides a guide for scientists looking to model crystal shape in a field where ever-increasingly complex crystal shapes and compositions are required to fulfil the exciting promises of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Joshua Daniel
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK.
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23
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Ai R, Boukouvala C, Lewis G, Wang H, Zhang H, Lai Y, Huang H, Ringe E, Shao L, Wang J. Facet- and Gas-Dependent Reshaping of Au Nanoplates by Plasma Treatment. ACS Nano 2021; 15:9860-9870. [PMID: 34114456 PMCID: PMC8223482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The reshaping of metal nanocrystals on substrates is usually realized by pulsed laser irradiation or ion-beam milling with complex procedures. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method for reshaping immobilized Au nanoplates through plasma treatment. Au nanoplates can be reshaped gradually with nearly periodic right pyramid arrays formed on the surface of the nanoplates. The gaseous environment in the plasma-treatment system plays a significant role in the reshaping process with only nitrogen-containing environments leading to reshaping. The reshaping phenomenon is facet-dependent, with right pyramids formed only on the exposed {111} facets of the Au nanoplates. The morphological change of the Au nanoplates induced by the plasma treatment leads to large plasmon peak redshifts. The reshaped Au nanoplates possess slightly higher refractive index sensitivities and largely increased surface-enhanced Raman scattering intensities compared to the flat, untreated nanoplates. Our results offer insights for studying the interaction mechanism between plasma and the different facets of noble metal nanocrystals and an approach for reshaping light-interacting noble metal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Ai
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - George Lewis
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen
JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - He Huang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Shao
- Shenzhen
JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
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24
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Hopper ER, Boukouvala C, Johnstone DN, Biggins JS, Ringe E. On the identification of twinning in body-centred cubic nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2020; 12:22009-22013. [PMID: 33135028 PMCID: PMC7689669 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06957d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many metals and alloys, including Fe and W, adopt body-centred cubic (BCC) crystal structures and nanoparticles of these metals are gaining significant scientific and industrial relevance. Twinning has a marked effect on catalytic activity, yet there is little evidence for or against the presence of twinning in BCC nanoparticles. Here, we explore the potential shapes of twinned BCC nanoparticles, and predict their electron microscopy and diffraction signatures. BCC single crystal and twinned shapes often appear similar and diffraction patterns along common, low-index zone axes are often indistinguishable, casting doubt on many claims of single crystallinity. We conclude by outlining how nanoparticles can be characterized to conclusively prove the presence or absence of twinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK. and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK. and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZS, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK. and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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25
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Lewis G, Loudon JC, Tovey R, Chen YH, Roberts AP, Harrison RJ, Midgley PA, Ringe E. Magnetic Vortex States in Toroidal Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Combining Micromagnetics with Tomography. Nano Lett 2020; 20:7405-7412. [PMID: 32915579 PMCID: PMC7587137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanorings have great promise for biomedical applications because of their magnetic vortex state, which endows them with a low remanent magnetization while retaining a large saturation magnetization. Here we use micromagnetic simulations to predict the exact shapes that can sustain magnetic vortices, using a toroidal model geometry with variable diameter, ring thickness, and ring eccentricity. Our model phase diagram is then compared with simulations of experimental geometries obtained by electron tomography. High axial eccentricity and low ring thickness are found to be key factors for forming vortex states and avoiding net-magnetized metastable states. We also find that while defects from a perfect toroidal geometry increase the stray field associated with the vortex state, they can also make the vortex state more energetically accessible. These results constitute an important step toward optimizing the magnetic behavior of toroidal iron oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- George
R. Lewis
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - James C. Loudon
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Tovey
- Department
of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Hua Chen
- Department
of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Andrew P. Roberts
- Research
School of Earth Sciences, The Australian
National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Richard J. Harrison
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Midgley
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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26
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Kang S, Ryu DY, Ringe E, Hickey RJ, Park SJ. Nanoparticle-Induced Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers into Nanoporous Films at the Air-Water Interface. ACS Nano 2020; 14:12203-12209. [PMID: 32924436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the cooperative self-assembly of nanoparticles and block copolymers at the air-water interface, which can generate highly uniform and readily transferable composite films with tunable nanoscale architecture and functionalities. Interestingly, the incorporation of nanoparticles significantly affects the self-assembly of block copolymers at the interface. The nanoparticle-induced morphology change occurs through distinct mechanisms depending on the volume fraction of the hydrophobic block. For block copolymers with a relatively small hydrophobic volume fraction, the morphology transition occurs through the nanoparticle-induced swelling of a selective block. When the hydrophobic volume fraction is large enough, added nanoparticles promote the breath figure assembly, which generates uniform honeycomb-like porous structures with unusual nanoscale periodicity. This approach is generally applicable to various types of nanoparticles, constituting a simple one-step method to porous thin films with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulki Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Hickey
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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27
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Ringe E. Shapes, Plasmonic Properties, and Reactivity of Magnesium Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2020; 124:15665-15679. [PMID: 32905178 PMCID: PMC7467285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances have attracted much attention due to their ability to enhance light-matter interactions and manipulate light at the subwavelength level. Recently, alternatives to the rare and expensive noble metals Ag and Au have been sought for more sustainable and large-scale plasmonic utilization. Mg supports plasmon resonances, is one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust, and is fully biocompatible, making it an attractive framework for plasmonics. This feature article first reports the hexagonal, folded, and kite-like shapes expected theoretically from a modified Wulff construction for single crystal and twinned Mg structures and describes their excellent match with experimental results. Then, the optical response of Mg nanoparticles is overviewed, highlighting Mg's ability to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared electromagnetic ranges. The various resonant modes of hexagons, leading to the highly localized electric field characteristic of plasmonic behavior, are presented numerically and experimentally. The evolution of these modes and the associated field from hexagons to the lower symmetry folded structures is then probed, again by matching simulations, optical, and electron spectroscopy data. Lastly, results demonstrating the opportunities and challenges related to the high chemical reactivity of Mg are discussed, including surface oxide formation and galvanic replacement as a synthetic tool for bimetallics. This Feature Article concludes with a summary of the next steps, open questions, and future directions in the field of Mg nanoplasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
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28
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Bianco E, Rao R, Snure M, Back T, Glavin NR, McConney ME, Ajayan PM, Ringe E. Large-area ultrathin Te films with substrate-tunable orientation. Nanoscale 2020; 12:12613-12622. [PMID: 32510097 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropy in a crystal structure can lead to large orientation-dependent variations of mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. Material orientation control can thus provide a handle to manipulate properties. Here, a novel sputtering approach for 2D materials enables growth of ultrathin (2.5-10 nm) tellurium films with rational control of the crystalline orientation templated by the substrate. The anisotropic Te 〈0001〉 helical chains align in the plane of the substrate on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and orthogonally to MgO(100) substrates, as shown by polarized Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. Furthermore, the films are shown to grow in a textured fashion on HOPG, in contrast with previous reports. These ultrathin Te films cover exceptionally large areas (>1 cm2) and are grown at low temperature (25 °C) affording the ability to accommodate a variety of substrates including flexible electronics. They are robust toward oxidation over a period of days and exhibit the non-centrosymmetric P3121 Te structure. Raman signals are acutely dependent on film thickness, suggesting that optical anisotropy persists and is even enhanced at the ultrathin limit. Hall effect measurements indicate orientation-dependent carrier mobility up to 19 cm2 V-1 s-1. These large-area, ultrathin Te films grown by a truly scalable, physical vapor deposition technique with rational control of orientation/thickness open avenues for controlled orientation-dependent properties in semiconducting thin films for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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29
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Asselin J, Boukouvala C, Hopper ER, Ramasse QM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Tents, Chairs, Tacos, Kites, and Rods: Shapes and Plasmonic Properties of Singly Twinned Magnesium Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2020; 14:5968-5980. [PMID: 32286792 PMCID: PMC7254836 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of some metals can sustain light-driven electron oscillations called localized surface plasmon resonances, or LSPRs, that give rise to absorption, scattering, and local electric field enhancement. Their resonant frequency is dictated by the nanoparticle (NP) shape and size, fueling much research geared toward discovery and control of new structures. LSPR properties also depend on composition; traditional, rare, and expensive noble metals (Ag, Au) are increasingly eclipsed by earth-abundant alternatives, with Mg being an exciting candidate capable of sustaining resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges. Here, we report numerical predictions and experimental verifications of a set of shapes based on Mg NPs displaying various twinning patterns including (101̅1), (101̅2), (101̅3), and (112̅1), that create tent-, chair-, taco-, and kite-shaped NPs, respectively. These are strikingly different from what is obtained for typical plasmonic metals because Mg crystallizes in a hexagonal close packed structure, as opposed to the cubic Al, Cu, Ag, and Au. A numerical survey of the optical response of the various structures, as well as the effect of size and aspect ratio, reveals their rich array of resonances, which are supported by single-particle optical scattering experiments. Further, corresponding numerical and experimental studies of the near-field plasmon distribution via scanning transmission electron microscopy electron-energy loss spectroscopy unravels a mode nature and distribution that are unlike those of either hexagonal plates or cylindrical rods. These NPs, made from earth-abundant Mg, provide interesting ways to control light at the nanoscale across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
| | - Elizabeth R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0AS
| | - Quentin M. Ramasse
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, 211 Clarendon
Road, Leeds, United Kingdom, LS2 9JT
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, United Kingdom, LS2 9JS
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Warrington, United Kingdom, WA4 4AD
| | - John S. Biggins
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1PZ
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
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30
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Glavin NR, Rao R, Varshney V, Bianco E, Apte A, Roy A, Ringe E, Ajayan PM. Emerging Applications of Elemental 2D Materials. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1904302. [PMID: 31667920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As elemental main group materials (i.e., silicon and germanium) have dominated the field of modern electronics, their monolayer 2D analogues have shown great promise for next-generation electronic materials as well as potential game-changing properties for optoelectronics, energy, and beyond. These atomically thin materials composed of single atomic variants of group III through group VI elements on the periodic table have already demonstrated exciting properties such as near-room-temperature topological insulation in bismuthene, extremely high electron mobilities in phosphorene and silicone, and substantial Li-ion storage capability in borophene. Isolation of these materials within the postgraphene era began with silicene in 2010 and quickly progressed to the experimental identification or theoretical prediction of 15 of the 18 main group elements existing as solids at standard pressure and temperatures. This review first focuses on the significance of defects/functionalization, discussion of different allotropes, and overarching structure-property relationships of 2D main group elemental materials. Then, a complete review of emerging applications in electronics, sensing, spintronics, plasmonics, photodetectors, ultrafast lasers, batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrics is presented by application type, including detailed descriptions of how the material properties may be tailored toward each specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Rahul Rao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
- UES Inc., Beavercreek, OH, 45431, USA
| | - Vikas Varshney
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Elisabeth Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Amey Apte
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Ajit Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
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31
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Prochaska L, Li X, MacFarland DC, Andrews AM, Bonta M, Bianco EF, Yazdi S, Schrenk W, Detz H, Limbeck A, Si Q, Ringe E, Strasser G, Kono J, Paschen S. Singular charge fluctuations at a magnetic quantum critical point. Science 2020; 367:285-288. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aag1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Prochaska
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technischen Universität (TU) Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - X. Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - D. C. MacFarland
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technischen Universität (TU) Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. M. Andrews
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Bonta
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. F. Bianco
- Department of Chemistry, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - S. Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - W. Schrenk
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - H. Detz
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Q. Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Quantum Materials, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - E. Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - G. Strasser
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Micro- and Nanostructures, TU Wien, Nanocenter Campus Gußhaus, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Gebäude CH, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Quantum Materials, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - S. Paschen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technischen Universität (TU) Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Quantum Materials, 6100 Main Street, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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32
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Asselin J, Boukouvala C, Wu Y, Hopper ER, Collins SM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Decoration of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles by partial galvanic replacement. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244708. [PMID: 31893891 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic structures have attracted much interest in science and engineering disciplines, exploring a myriad of potential applications owing to their strong light-matter interactions. Recently, the plasmonic concentration of energy in subwavelength volumes has been used to initiate chemical reactions, for instance by combining plasmonic materials with catalytic metals. In this work, we demonstrate that plasmonic nanoparticles of earth-abundant Mg can undergo galvanic replacement in a nonaqueous solvent to produce decorated structures. This method yields bimetallic architectures where partially oxidized 200-300 nm Mg nanoplates and nanorods support many smaller Au, Ag, Pd, or Fe nanoparticles, with potential for a stepwise process introducing multiple decoration compositions on a single Mg particle. We investigated this mechanism by electron-beam imaging and local composition mapping with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as, at the ensemble level, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy further supported the bimetallic nature of the particles and provided details of the interface geometry, which includes a Mg oxide separation layer between Mg and the other metal. Depending on the composition of the metallic decorations, strong plasmonic optical signals characteristic of plasmon resonances were observed in the bulk with ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and at the single particle level with darkfield scattering. These novel bimetallic and multimetallic designs open up an exciting array of applications where one or multiple plasmonic structures could interact in the near-field of earth-abundant Mg and couple with catalytic nanoparticles for applications in sensing and plasmon-assisted catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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33
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Boukouvala C, Ringe E. Wulff-Based Approach to Modeling the Plasmonic Response of Single Crystal, Twinned, and Core-Shell Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2019; 123:25501-25508. [PMID: 31681455 PMCID: PMC6822593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in plasmonic nanoparticles and their increasingly diverse applications is fuelled by the ability to tune properties via shape control, promoting intense experimental and theoretical research. Such shapes are dominated by geometries that can be described by the kinetic Wulff construction such as octahedra, thin triangular platelets, bipyramids, and decahedra, to name a few. Shape is critical in dictating the optical properties of these nanoparticles, in particular their localized surface plasmon resonance behavior, which can be modeled numerically. One challenge of the various available computational techniques is the representation of the nanoparticle shape. Specifically, in the discrete dipole approximation, a particle is represented by discretizing space via an array of uniformly distributed points-dipoles; this can be difficult to construct for complex shapes including those with multiple crystallographic facets, twins, and core-shell particles. Here, we describe a standalone user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that uses both kinetic and thermodynamic Wulff constructions to generate a dipole array for complex shapes, as well as the necessary input files for DDSCAT-based numerical approaches. Examples of the use of this GUI are described through three case studies spanning different shapes, compositions, and shell thicknesses. Key advances offered by this approach, in addition to simplicity, are the ability to create crystallographically correct structures and the addition of a conformal shell on complex shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge
CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge
CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University
of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ,
U.K.
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34
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Bruzas I, Brinson BE, Gorunmez Z, Lum W, Ringe E, Sagle L. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Fluid-Supported Lipid Bilayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:33442-33451. [PMID: 31411450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Supported lipid bilayers are essential model systems for studying biological membranes and for membrane-based sensor development. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) stands to add considerably to our understanding of the dynamics and interactions of these systems through direct chemical information. Despite this potential, SERS of lipid bilayers is not routinely achieved. Here, we carried out the first measurements of a solid-supported lipid bilayer on a SERS-active substrate and characterized the bilayer using SERS, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). The creation of a fluid, SERS-active supported lipid bilayer was accomplished through use of a novel silica-coated silver film-over-nanosphere substrate. These substrates offer a powerful new platform to couple common surface techniques that are challenging on the nanoscale, for example, ellipsometry and FRAP, with SERS for studying biological membranes and their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce E Brinson
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | | | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Science , University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB2 3EQ , U.K
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35
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Zhang X, Jin Z, Wang L, Hachtel JA, Villarreal E, Wang Z, Ha T, Nakanishi Y, Tiwary CS, Lai J, Dong L, Yang J, Vajtai R, Ringe E, Idrobo JC, Yakobson BI, Lou J, Gambin V, Koltun R, Ajayan PM. Low Contact Barrier in 2H/1T' MoTe 2 In-Plane Heterostructure Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:12777-12785. [PMID: 30854848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-semiconductor contact has been a critical topic in the semiconductor industry because it influences device performance remarkably. Conventional metals have served as the major contact material in electronic and optoelectronic devices, but such a selection becomes increasingly inadequate for emerging novel materials such as two-dimensional (2D) materials. Deposited metals on semiconducting 2D channels usually form large resistance contacts due to the high Schottky barrier. A few approaches have been reported to reduce the contact resistance but they are not suitable for large-scale application or they cannot create a clean and sharp interface. In this study, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique is introduced to produce large-area semiconducting 2D material (2H MoTe2) planarly contacted by its metallic phase (1T' MoTe2). We demonstrate the phase-controllable synthesis and systematic characterization of large-area MoTe2 films, including pure 2H phase or 1T' phase, and 2H/1T' in-plane heterostructure. Theoretical simulation shows a lower Schottky barrier in 2H/1T' junction than in Ti/2H contact, which is confirmed by electrical measurement. This one-step CVD method to synthesize large-area, seamless-bonding 2D lateral metal-semiconductor junction can improve the performance of 2D electronic and optoelectronic devices, paving the way for large-scale 2D integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordan A Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | | | | | - Teresa Ha
- NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation , Redondo Beach , California 90278 , United States
| | | | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , West Bengal 721301 , India
| | | | | | | | - Robert Vajtai
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér1. , Szeged , Hungary
| | | | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences , Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge , Tennessee 37831 , United States
| | | | | | - Vincent Gambin
- NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation , Redondo Beach , California 90278 , United States
| | - Rachel Koltun
- NG Next, Northrop Grumman Corporation , Redondo Beach , California 90278 , United States
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36
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R. Daniel J, McCarthy LA, Ringe E, Boudreau D. Enhanced control of plasmonic properties of silver–gold hollow nanoparticles via a reduction-assisted galvanic replacement approach. RSC Adv 2019; 9:389-396. [PMID: 35521593 PMCID: PMC9059334 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow noble metal nanoparticles are of growing interest due to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) tunability. A popular synthetic approach is galvanic replacement which can be coupled with a co-reducer. Here, we describe the control over morphology, and therefore over plasmonic properties including energy, bandwidth, extinction and scattering intensity, offered by co-reduction galvanic replacement. This study indicates that whereas the variation of atomic stoichiometry using the co-reduction method described in this work offers a rather modest tuning range of LSPR energy when compared to traditional galvanic replacement, it nevertheless has a profound effect on shell thickness, which imparts a degree of control over scattering intensity and sensitivity to changes in the dielectric constant of the surrounding environment. Therefore, in this context particle size and gold content become two design parameters that can be used to independently tune LSPR energy and intensity. A co-reduction assisted method for the synthesis of Ag–Au hollow nanoparticles with enhanced control over plasmon wavelength and scattering intensity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée R. Daniel
- Département de Chimie et Centre D'optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Canada
| | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry
- Rice University
- Houston
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Département de Chimie et Centre D'optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Canada
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37
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Kumar A, Sebastian A, Das S, Ringe E. In Situ Optical Tracking of Electroablation in Two-Dimensional Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40773-40780. [PMID: 30387342 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a unique class of 2D materials possessing unique optoelectronic properties when exfoliated into mono- and few-layer sheets. Recently, electroablation (EA) has become of interest as a promising synthesis method for single-layer sheets of TMDs. Here, we introduce spectroelectrochemical micro-extinction spectroscopy (SE-MExS) as a high-throughput technique to study electrochemical thinning of TMDs as it occurs. This approach enables the parallel use of spectroscopy and imaging to nondestructively characterize 2D materials in situ. We unravel optoelectronics of the TMDs by observing changes in optical properties during EA. We find that the EA process for MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2 occurs edge first, generating high density of edge sites. Our results show that stable monolayers of MoS2, WS2, and MoSe2 can be synthesized from bulk precursors by the EA process, while conversely, no WSe2 remains postablation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amritanand Sebastian
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
- Materials Research Institute , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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38
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Abstract
Nanoparticles of some metals (Cu/Ag/Au) sustain oscillations of their electron cloud called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). These resonances can occur at optical frequencies and be driven by light, generating enhanced electric fields and spectacular photon scattering. However, current plasmonic metals are rare, expensive, and have a limited resonant frequency range. Recently, much attention has been focused on earth-abundant Al, but Al nanoparticles cannot resonate in the IR. The earth-abundant Mg nanoparticles reported here surmount this limitation. A colloidal synthesis forms hexagonal nanoplates, reflecting Mg's simple hexagonal lattice. The NPs form a thin self-limiting oxide layer that renders them stable suspended in 2-propanol solution for months and dry in air for at least two week. They sustain LSPRs observable in the far-field by optical scattering spectroscopy. Electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments and simulations reveal multiple size-dependent resonances with energies across the UV, visible, and IR. The symmetry of the modes and their interaction with the underlying substrate are studied using numerical methods. Colloidally synthesized Mg thus offers a route to inexpensive, stable nanoparticles with novel shapes and resonances spanning the entire UV-vis-NIR spectrum, making them a flexible addition to the nanoplasmonics toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street , Cambridge CB2 1PZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge CB2 3EQ , United Kingdom
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39
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Huang Y, Zhang X, Ringe E, Ma L, Zhai X, Wang L, Zhang Z. Detailed correlations between SERS enhancement and plasmon resonances in subwavelength closely spaced Au nanorod arrays. Nanoscale 2018; 10:4267-4275. [PMID: 29436546 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08959g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the experimental conditions and plasmonic systems, the correlations between near-field surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behaviors and far-field localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responses have sometimes been accepted directly or argued or explored. In this work, we focus on the attractive subwavelength closely spaced metallic nanorod arrays and investigate in detail the complex relationship between their SERS behaviors and plasmon resonances. This is achieved utilizing a combination of array fabrication, conventional LSPR spectra, SERS measurements, electron microscopy and numerical modeling. Three key factors that may impact the correlations have been comprehensively analyzed: the intrinsic near-field to far-field red-shift is found to be rather small in the lattice; the surface roughness has actually little impact on the spectral alignment of the near- and far-field responses; the continuous dependence of individual SERS peak heights on the Stokes Raman shift has been visualized and further clarified. By 3D finite element method (FEM) plasmon mapping, the physical origin of the collective resonances in the lattice is verified directly to be the Fabry-Perot-like cavity mode. The strong near-field enhancement results from the coupling of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating at the two sidewalls of neighbouring nanorods forming the resonant cavity. The physical principles demonstrated here benefit significantly the optimization of nano-optic devices based on closely spaced metallic nanorod arrays, as well as the fundamental understanding of the near- and far-field relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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40
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Zhang Y, Yang P, Habeeb Muhammed MA, Alsaiari SK, Moosa B, Almalik A, Kumar A, Ringe E, Khashab NM. Tunable and Linker Free Nanogaps in Core-Shell Plasmonic Nanorods for Selective and Quantitative Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells by SERS. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:37597-37605. [PMID: 28990755 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the size, number, and shape of nanogaps in plasmonic nanostructures is of significant importance for the development of novel quantum plasmonic devices and quantitative sensing techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here, we introduce a new synthetic method based on coordination interactions and galvanic replacement to prepare core-shell plasmonic nanorods with tunable enclosed nanogaps. Decorating Au nanorods with Raman reporters that strongly coordinate Ag+ ions (e.g., 4-mercaptopyridine) afforded uniform nucleation sites to form a sacrificial Ag shell. Galvanic replacement of the Ag shell by HAuCl4 resulted in Au-AgAu core-shell structure with a uniform intra-nanoparticle gap. The size (length and width) and morphology of the core-shell plasmonic nanorods as well as the nanogap size depend on the concentration of the coordination complexes formed between Ag+ ions and 4-mercaptopyridine. Moreover, encapsulating Raman reporters within the nanogaps afforded an internal standard for sensitive and quantitative SERS analysis. To test the applicability, core-shell plasmonic nanorods were functionalized with aptamers specific to circulating tumor cells such as MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7, breast cancer cell line). This system could selectively detect as low as 20 MCF-7 cells in a blood mimicking fluid employing SERS. The linking DNA duplex on core-shell plasmonic nanorods can also intercalate hydrophobic drug molecules such as Doxorubicin, thereby increasing the versatility of this sensing platform to include drug delivery. Our synthetic method offers the possibility of developing multifunctional SERS-active materials with a wide range of applications including biosensing, imaging, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peng Yang
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madathumpady Abubaker Habeeb Muhammed
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad K Alsaiari
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Moosa
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Almalik
- Life Sciences and Environment Research Institute, Center of Excellence in Nanomedicine (CENM), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) , Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory (SHMs), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Swearer DF, Leary RK, Newell R, Yazdi S, Robatjazi H, Zhang Y, Renard D, Nordlander P, Midgley PA, Halas NJ, Ringe E. Transition-Metal Decorated Aluminum Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2017; 11:10281-10288. [PMID: 28945360 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, aluminum has been established as an earth-abundant alternative to gold and silver for plasmonic applications. Particularly, aluminum nanocrystals have shown to be promising plasmonic photocatalysts, especially when coupled with catalytic metals or oxides into "antenna-reactor" heterostructures. Here, a simple polyol synthesis is presented as a flexible route to produce aluminum nanocrystals decorated with eight varieties of size-tunable transition-metal nanoparticle islands, many of which have precedence as heterogeneous catalysts. High-resolution and three-dimensional structural analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography shows that abundant nanoparticle island decoration in the catalytically relevant few-nanometer size range can be achieved, with many islands spaced closely to their neighbors. When coupled with the Al nanocrystal plasmonic antenna, these small decorating islands will experience increased light absorption and strong hot-spot generation. This combination makes transition-metal decorated aluminum nanocrystals a promising material platform to develop plasmonic photocatalysis, surface-enhanced spectroscopies, and quantum plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowan K Leary
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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42
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Zhang C, Sha J, Fei H, Liu M, Yazdi S, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Zou X, Zhao N, Yu H, Jiang Z, Ringe E, Yakobson BI, Dong J, Chen D, Tour JM. Single-Atomic Ruthenium Catalytic Sites on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Acidic Medium. ACS Nano 2017; 11:6930-6941. [PMID: 28656759 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential in the electrochemical energy conversion of fuel cells. Here, through the NH3 atmosphere annealing of a graphene oxide (GO) precursor containing trace amounts of Ru, we have synthesized atomically dispersed Ru on nitrogen-doped graphene that performs as an electrocatalyst for the ORR in acidic medium. The Ru/nitrogen-doped GO catalyst exhibits excellent four-electron ORR activity, offering onset and half-wave potentials of 0.89 and 0.75 V, respectively, vs a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in 0.1 M HClO4, together with better durability and tolerance toward methanol and carbon monoxide poisoning than seen in commercial Pt/C catalysts. X-ray adsorption fine structure analysis and aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy are performed and indicate that the chemical structure of Ru is predominantly composed of isolated Ru atoms coordinated with nitrogen atoms on the graphene substrate. Furthermore, a density function theory study of the ORR mechanism suggests that a Ru-oxo-N4 structure appears to be responsible for the ORR catalytic activity in the acidic medium. These findings provide a route for the design of efficient ORR single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junwei Sha
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naiqin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | | | | | - Juncai Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongliang Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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43
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Agrawal A, Singh A, Yazdi S, Singh A, Ong GK, Bustillo K, Johns RW, Ringe E, Milliron DJ. Resonant Coupling between Molecular Vibrations and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance of Faceted Metal Oxide Nanocrystals. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2611-2620. [PMID: 28337921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Doped metal oxides are plasmonic materials that boast both synthetic and postsynthetic spectral tunability. They have already enabled promising smart window and optoelectronic technologies and have been proposed for use in surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) and sensing applications. Herein, we report the first step toward realization of the former utilizing cubic F and Sn codoped In2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) to couple to the C-H vibration of surface-bound oleate ligands. Electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to map the strong near-field enhancement around these NCs that enables localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) coupling between adjacent nanocrystals and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and finite element simulations are applied to observe and explain the nature of the coupling phenomena, specifically addressing coupling in mesoscale assembled films. The Fano line shape signatures of LSPR-coupled molecular vibrations are rationalized with two-port temporal coupled mode theory. With this combined theoretical and experimental approach, we describe the influence of coupling strength and relative detuning between the molecular vibration and LSPR on the enhancement factor and further explain the basis of the observed Fano line shape by deconvoluting the combined response of the LSPR and molecular vibration in transmission, absorption and reflection. This study therefore illustrates various factors involved in determining the LSPR-LSPR and LSPR-molecular vibration coupling for metal oxide materials and provides a fundamental basis for the design of sensing or SEIRA substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agrawal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- The Molecular Foundry and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Amita Singh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen Bustillo
- The Molecular Foundry and National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert W Johns
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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44
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De Silva Indrasekara AS, Shuang B, Hollenhorst F, Hoener BS, Hoggard A, Chen S, Villarreal E, Cai YY, Kisley L, Derry PJ, Chang WS, Zubarev ER, Ringe E, Link S, Landes CF. Optimization of Spectral and Spatial Conditions to Improve Super-Resolution Imaging of Plasmonic Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:299-306. [PMID: 27982600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between fluorophores and plasmonic nanoparticles modify the fluorescence intensity, shape, and position of the observed emission pattern, thus inhibiting efforts to optically super-resolve plasmonic nanoparticles. Herein, we investigate the accuracy of localizing dye fluorescence as a function of the spectral and spatial separations between fluorophores (Alexa 647) and gold nanorods (NRs). The distance at which Alexa 647 interacts with NRs is varied by layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition while the spectral separation is tuned by using NRs with varying localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) maxima. For resonantly coupled Alexa 647 and NRs, emission to the far field through the NR plasmon is highly prominent, resulting in underestimation of NR sizes. However, we demonstrate that it is possible to improve the accuracy of the emission localization when both the spectral and spatial separations between Alexa 647 and the LSPR are optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Shuang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Franziska Hollenhorst
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hoener
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Anneli Hoggard
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sishan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eduardo Villarreal
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lydia Kisley
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Paul J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eugene R Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-366, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christy F Landes
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-366, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Abstract
The internal structure of hollow AgAu nanorods created by partial galvanic replacement was manipulated reversibly, and its effect on optical properties was mapped with nanometer resolution. Using the electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope to create solvated electrons and reactive radicals in an encapsulated solution-filled cavity in the nanorods, Ag ions were reduced nearby the electron beam, reshaping the core of the nanoparticles without affecting the external shape. The changes in plasmon-induced near-field properties were then mapped with electron energy-loss spectroscopy without disturbing the internal structure, and the results are supported by finite-difference time-domain calculations. This reversible shape and near-field control in a hollow nanoparticle actuated by an external stimulus introduces possibilities for applications in reprogrammable sensors, responsive materials, and optical memory units. Moreover, the liquid-filled nanorod cavity offers new opportunities for in situ microscopy of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Josée R Daniel
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Chemistry, Laval University , Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada , G1 V 0A6
| | - Nicolas Large
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Center for Optics, Photonics and Lasers (COPL), Department of Chemistry, Laval University , Ville de Québec, Québec, Canada , G1 V 0A6
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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46
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Leary RK, Kumar A, Straney P, Collins SM, Yazdi S, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Midgley PA, Millstone JE, Ringe E. Structural and Optical Properties of Discrete Dendritic Pt Nanoparticles on Colloidal Au Nanoprisms. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2016; 120:20843-20851. [PMID: 27688821 PMCID: PMC5036133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic and optical properties can be coupled by combining different metals into nanoscale architectures in which both the shape and the composition provide fine-tuning of functionality. Here, discrete, small Pt nanoparticles (diameter = 3-6 nm) were grown in linear arrays on Au nanoprisms, and the resulting structures are shown to retain strong localized surface plasmon resonances. Multidimensional electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electron tomography, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy) were used to unravel their local composition, three-dimensional morphology, growth patterns, and optical properties. The composition and tomographic analyses disclose otherwise ambiguous details of the Pt-decorated Au nanoprisms, revealing that both pseudospherical protrusions and dendritic Pt nanoparticles grow on all faces of the nanoprisms (the faceted or occasionally twisted morphologies of which are also revealed), and shed light on the alignment of the Pt nanoparticles. The electron energy-loss spectroscopy investigations show that the Au nanoprisms support multiple localized surface plasmon resonances despite the presence of pendant Pt nanoparticles. The plasmonic fields at the surface of the nanoprisms indeed extend into the Pt nanoparticles, opening possibilities for combined optical and catalytic applications. These insights pave the way toward comprehensive nanoengineering of multifunctional bimetallic nanostructures, with potential applications in plasmon-enhanced catalysis and in situ monitoring of chemical processes via surface-enhanced spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan K. Leary
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
- R.K.L.: e-mail, ; phone, +44-1223-34597
| | - Anjli Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Patrick
J. Straney
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sean M. Collins
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre
for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C) and Peter Grünberg
Institute (PGI-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Paul A. Midgley
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Jill E. Millstone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- J.E.M.: e-mail, ; phone, +1-412-648-4153
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- E.R.: e-mail, ; phone, +1-713-348-2582
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47
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Abstract
Lipid membranes and membrane proteins are important biosensing targets, motivating the development of label-free methods with improved sensitivity. Silica-coated metal nanoparticles allow these systems to be combined with supported lipid bilayers for sensing membrane proteins through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, the small sensing volume of LSPR makes the thickness of the silica layer critical for performance. Here, we develop a simple, inexpensive, and rapid sol-gel method for preparing thin conformal, continuous silica films and demonstrate its applicability using gold nanodisk arrays with LSPRs in the near-infrared range. Silica layers as thin as ∼5 nm are observed using cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy. The loss in sensitivity due to the thin silica coating was found to be only 16%, and the biosensing capabilities of the substrates were assessed through the binding of cholera toxin B to GM1 lipids. This sensor platform should prove useful in the rapid, multiplexed detection and screening of membrane-associated biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bruzas
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati , 301 West Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Sarah Unser
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati , 301 West Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, MS-325, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Laura Sagle
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati , 301 West Clifton Court, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172, United States
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48
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Dong P, Chipara AC, Loya P, Yang Y, Ge L, Lei S, Li B, Brunetto G, Machado LD, Hong L, Wang Q, Yang B, Guo H, Ringe E, Galvao DS, Vajtai R, Chipara M, Tang M, Lou J, Ajayan PM. Solid-Liquid Self-Adaptive Polymeric Composite. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:2142-2147. [PMID: 26720058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid self-adaptive composite (SAC) is synthesized using a simple mixing-evaporation protocol, with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as active constituents. SAC exists as a porous solid containing a near equivalent distribution of the solid (PVDF)-liquid (PDMS) phases, with the liquid encapsulated and stabilized within a continuous solid network percolating throughout the structure. The pores, liquid, and solid phases form a complex hierarchical structure, which offers both mechanical robustness and a significant structural adaptability under external forces. SAC exhibits attractive self-healing properties during tension, and demonstrates reversible self-stiffening properties under compression with a maximum of 7-fold increase seen in the storage modulus. In a comparison to existing self-healing and self-stiffening materials, SAC offers distinct advantages in the ease of fabrication, high achievable storage modulus, and reversibility. Such materials could provide a new class of adaptive materials system with multifunctionality, tunability, and scale-up potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dong
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Alin Cristian Chipara
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Phillip Loya
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yingchao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Liehui Ge
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sidong Lei
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gustavo Brunetto
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas , Campinas-SP 13083-959, Brazil
| | - Leonardo D Machado
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas , Campinas-SP 13083-959, Brazil
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Qizhong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Bilan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Douglas S Galvao
- Applied Physics Department, State University of Campinas , Campinas-SP 13083-959, Brazil
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mircea Chipara
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Texas-Pan American , 1201 West University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University , 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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49
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Bhimanapati GR, Lin Z, Meunier V, Jung Y, Cha J, Das S, Xiao D, Son Y, Strano MS, Cooper VR, Liang L, Louie SG, Ringe E, Zhou W, Kim SS, Naik RR, Sumpter BG, Terrones H, Xia F, Wang Y, Zhu J, Akinwande D, Alem N, Schuller JA, Schaak RE, Terrones M, Robinson JA. Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene. ACS Nano 2015; 9:11509-39. [PMID: 26544756 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of graphene in 2004 from graphite was a defining moment for the "birth" of a field: two-dimensional (2D) materials. In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing number of papers focusing on non-graphene layered materials, including transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), because of the new properties and applications that emerge upon 2D confinement. Here, we review significant recent advances and important new developments in 2D materials "beyond graphene". We provide insight into the theoretical modeling and understanding of the van der Waals (vdW) forces that hold together the 2D layers in bulk solids, as well as their excitonic properties and growth morphologies. Additionally, we highlight recent breakthroughs in TMD synthesis and characterization and discuss the newest families of 2D materials, including monoelement 2D materials (i.e., silicene, phosphorene, etc.) and transition metal carbide- and carbon nitride-based MXenes. We then discuss the doping and functionalization of 2D materials beyond graphene that enable device applications, followed by advances in electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices and theory. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future of 2D materials beyond graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Bhimanapati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhong Lin
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yeonwoong Jung
- Nanoscience Technology Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Judy Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Saptarshi Das
- Birck Nanotechnology Center & Department of ECE, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Youngwoo Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Valentino R Cooper
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steven G Louie
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science & Nano Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Wu Zhou
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Steve S Kim
- Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES Inc. , Beavercreek, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Rajesh R Naik
- Air Force Laboratory, Materials & Manufacturing directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB , Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Fengnian Xia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yeliang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Centre, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Nasim Alem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jon A Schuller
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California at Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Physics, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joshua A Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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50
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Byers CP, Zhang H, Swearer DF, Yorulmaz M, Hoener BS, Huang D, Hoggard A, Chang WS, Mulvaney P, Ringe E, Halas NJ, Nordlander P, Link S, Landes CF. From tunable core-shell nanoparticles to plasmonic drawbridges: Active control of nanoparticle optical properties. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500988. [PMID: 26665175 PMCID: PMC4672758 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of metallic nanoparticles are highly sensitive to interparticle distance, giving rise to dramatic but frequently irreversible color changes. By electrochemical modification of individual nanoparticles and nanoparticle pairs, we induced equally dramatic, yet reversible, changes in their optical properties. We achieved plasmon tuning by oxidation-reduction chemistry of Ag-AgCl shells on the surfaces of both individual and strongly coupled Au nanoparticle pairs, resulting in extreme but reversible changes in scattering line shape. We demonstrated reversible formation of the charge transfer plasmon mode by switching between capacitive and conductive electronic coupling mechanisms. Dynamic single-particle spectroelectrochemistry also gave an insight into the reaction kinetics and evolution of the charge transfer plasmon mode in an electrochemically tunable structure. Our study represents a highly useful approach to the precise tuning of the morphology of narrow interparticle gaps and will be of value for controlling and activating a range of properties such as extreme plasmon modulation, nanoscopic plasmon switching, and subnanometer tunable gap applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad P. Byers
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Dayne F. Swearer
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mustafa Yorulmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anneli Hoggard
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Naomi J. Halas
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Stephan Link
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Christy F. Landes
- Smalley-Curl Institute Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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