1
|
Haidar LL, Bilek M, Akhavan B. Surface Bio-engineered Polymeric Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310876. [PMID: 38396265 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Surface bio-engineering of polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) has emerged as a cornerstone in contemporary biomedical research, presenting a transformative avenue that can revolutionize diagnostics, therapies, and drug delivery systems. The approach involves integrating bioactive elements on the surfaces of PNPs, aiming to provide them with functionalities to enable precise, targeted, and favorable interactions with biological components within cellular environments. However, the full potential of surface bio-engineered PNPs in biomedicine is hampered by obstacles, including precise control over surface modifications, stability in biological environments, and lasting targeted interactions with cells or tissues. Concerns like scalability, reproducibility, and long-term safety also impede translation to clinical practice. In this review, these challenges in the context of recent breakthroughs in developing surface-biofunctionalized PNPs for various applications, from biosensing and bioimaging to targeted delivery of therapeutics are discussed. Particular attention is given to bonding mechanisms that underlie the attachment of bioactive moieties to PNP surfaces. The stability and efficacy of surface-bioengineered PNPs are critically reviewed in disease detection, diagnostics, and treatment, both in vitro and in vivo settings. Insights into existing challenges and limitations impeding progress are provided, and a forward-looking discussion on the field's future is presented. The paper concludes with recommendations to accelerate the clinical translation of surface bio-engineered PNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Libnan Haidar
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marcela Bilek
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Behnam Akhavan
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), Precision Medicine Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2305, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang ML, Huang YJ, Lin YC, Lin YH, Hung TT, Shiau AL, Cheng HC, Wu CL. Multivalent dipeptidyl peptidase IV fragment-nanogold complex inhibits cancer metastasis by blocking pericellular fibronectin. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213357. [PMID: 36871348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cancer metastasis is a fundamental challenge in cancer treatment. We have previously shown that metastasis of cancer cells in the lung is critically promoted by the interaction between the superficial dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) expressed on lung endothelial cells and the pericellular polymeric fibronectin (polyFN) of circulating cancer cells. In the present study, we aimed to search for DPP IV fragments with high avidity to polyFN and develop FN-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with DPP IV fragments for treating cancer metastasis. We first identified a DPP IV fragment encompassing amino acids 29-130 of DPP IV, designated DP4A, which contained FN-binding sites and could specifically bind to FN immobilized on gelatin agarose beads. Furthermore, we conjugated maltose binding protein (MBP)-fused DP4A proteins to AuNPs for fabricating a DP4A-AuNP complex and evaluated its FN-targeted activity in vitro and anti-metastatic efficacy in vivo. Our results show that DP4A-AuNP exhibited higher binding avidity to polyFN than DP4A by 9 folds. Furthermore, DP4A-AuNP was more potent than DP4A in inhibiting DPP IV binding to polyFN. In terms of polyFN-targeted effect, DP4A-AuNP interacted with FN-overexpressing cancer cells and was endocytosed into cells 10 to 100 times more efficiently than untargeted MBP-AuNP or PEG-AuNP with no noticeable cytotoxicity. Furthermore, DP4A-AuNP was superior to DP4A in competitive inhibition of cancer cell adhesion to DPP IV. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that binding of DP4A-AuNP to pericellular FN induced FN clustering without altering its surface expression on cancer cells. Notably, intravenous treatment with DP4A-AuNP significantly reduced metastatic lung tumor nodules and prolonged the survival in the experimental metastatic 4T1 tumor model. Collectively, our findings suggest that the DP4A-AuNP complex with potent FN-targeted effects may have therapeutic potential for prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis to the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lin Yang
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Li Shiau
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Photoluminescent Janus oxazolidine nanoparticles for development of organic light-emitting diodes, anticounterfeiting, information encryption, and optical detection of scratch. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:242-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
4
|
Mei H, Hu J, Gao Y, Li L, Zheng S. Incorporation of crosslinked polydicyclopentadiene nanoparticles into epoxy thermosets via ring opening metathesis polymerization-induced self-assembly. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Ngo W, Ahmed S, Blackadar C, Bussin B, Ji Q, Mladjenovic SM, Sepahi Z, Chan WC. Why nanoparticles prefer liver macrophage cell uptake in vivo. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114238. [PMID: 35367524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles is dependent on their ability to accumulate in diseased tissues. However, most nanoparticles end up in liver macrophages regardless of nanoparticle design after administration. In this review, we describe the interactions of liver macrophages with nanoparticles. Liver macrophages have significant advantages in interacting with circulating nanoparticles over most target cells and tissues in the body. We describe these advantages in this article. Understanding these advantages will enable the development of strategies to overcome liver macrophages and deliver nanoparticles to targeted diseased tissues effectively. Ultimately, these approaches will increase the therapeutic efficacy and diagnostic signal of nanoparticles.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmed T, Liu FCF, Lu B, Lip H, Park E, Alradwan I, Liu JF, He C, Zetrini A, Zhang T, Ghavaminejad A, Rauth AM, Henderson JT, Wu XY. Advances in Nanomedicine Design: Multidisciplinary Strategies for Unmet Medical Needs. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1722-1765. [PMID: 35587783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, a rising burden of complex diseases takes a heavy toll on human lives and poses substantial clinical and economic challenges. This review covers nanomedicine and nanotechnology-enabled advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) designed to address various unmet medical needs. Key nanomedicine and DDSs, currently employed in the clinic to tackle some of these diseases, are discussed focusing on their versatility in diagnostics, anticancer therapy, and diabetes management. First-hand experiences from our own laboratory and the work of others are presented to provide insights into strategies to design and optimize nanomedicine- and nanotechnology-enabled DDS for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Computational analysis is also briefly reviewed as a technology for rational design of controlled release DDS. Further explorations of DDS have illuminated the interplay of physiological barriers and their impact on DDS. It is demonstrated how such delivery systems can overcome these barriers for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and how new perspectives of next-generation DDS can be applied clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taksim Ahmed
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Fuh-Ching Franky Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - HoYin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Elliya Park
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jackie Fule Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Abdulmottaleb Zetrini
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Amin Ghavaminejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Henderson
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu G, Yang Y, Zheng C, Cao X. Synthesis of ultra‐high molecular weight core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymer using high molecular weight spherical nanoparticles and arm‐first method. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Liu
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science Taian Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yongqi Yang
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization Weifang University of Science and Technology Weifang Shandong P. R. China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science Taian Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Cao
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science Taian Shandong P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mei H, Zhao B, Wang H, Zheng S. Crosslinked Polydicyclopentadiene Nanoparticles via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Approach. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100155. [PMID: 34057258 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, the preparation of crosslinked polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) nanoparticles via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)-induced self-assembly approach is reported. For the ROMPs, the macromolecular chain transfer agents (Macro-CTAs) are synthesized via the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (CL) with cis-2-butene-1,4-diol as the initiator. The ROMPs are performed with chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,4-dioxane, and N,N-dimethylacetamide as the solvents, respectively, which are catalyzed with Grubbs second generation catalyst. It is found that the crosslinked PDCPD nanoparticles are obtained with spherical, cylindrical to planar morphologies, depending on the molecular weights of Macro-CTAs, the concentrations of DCPD and the natures of solvents. The polymerization induced self-assembly (ROMPISA) by the use of a non-norbornene-based macromolecular chain transfer agent provides a new and efficient approach to prepare crosslinked polymer nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Mei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huaming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sixun Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obaid G, Samkoe K, Tichauer K, Bano S, Park Y, Silber Z, Hodge S, Callaghan S, Guirguis M, Mallidi S, Pogue B, Hasan T. Is Tumor Cell Specificity Distinct from Tumor Selectivity In Vivo?: A Quantitative NIR Molecular Imaging Analysis of Nanoliposome Targeting. NANO RESEARCH 2021; 14:1344-1354. [PMID: 33717420 PMCID: PMC7951968 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The significance and ability for receptor targeted nanoliposomes (tNLs) to bind to their molecular targets in solid tumors in vivo has been questioned, particularly as the efficiency of their tumor accumulation and selectivity is not always predictive of their efficacy or molecular specificity. This study presents, for the first time, in situ NIR molecular imaging-based quantitation of the in vivo specificity of tNLs for their target receptors, as opposed to tumor selectivity, which includes influences of enhanced tumor permeability and retention. Results show that neither tumor delivery nor selectivity (tumor-to-normal ratio) of cetuximab and IRDye conjugated tNLs correlate with EGFR expression in U251, U87 and 9L tumors, and in fact underrepresent their imaging-derived molecular specificity by up to 94.2%. Conversely, their in vivo specificity, which we quantify as the concentration of tNL-reported tumor EGFR provided by NIR molecular imaging, correlates positively with EGFR expression levels in vitro and ex vivo (Pearson's r= 0.92 and 0.96, respectively). This study provides a unique opportunity to address the problematic disconnect between tNL synthesis and in vivo specificity. The findings encourage their continued adoption as platforms for precision medicine, and facilitates intelligent synthesis and patient customization in order to improve safety profiles and therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girgis Obaid
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Kimberley Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 037551, U.S
| | - Kenneth Tichauer
- Armour College of Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, U.S
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
| | - Yeonjae Park
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 037551, U.S
| | - Zachary Silber
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
| | - Sassan Hodge
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 037551, U.S
| | - Susan Callaghan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
| | - Mina Guirguis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
| | - Brian Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 037551, U.S
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U.S
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Solano AG, Dupuy J, Therriault H, Liberelle B, Faucheux N, Lauzon MA, Virgilio N, Paquette B. An alginate-based macroporous hydrogel matrix to trap cancer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118115. [PMID: 34044932 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the radioresistance of glioblastoma (GBM) cells infiltrated in the brain, we propose to attract these cancer cells into a trap to which a lethal radiation dose can be delivered safely. Herein, we have prepared and characterized a sodium alginate-based macroporous hydrogel as a potential cancer cell trap. Microcomputed X-ray tomography shows that the hydrogel matrices comprise interconnected pores with an average diameter of 300 μm. The F98 GBM cells migrated in the pores and mainly accumulated in the center of the matrix. Depending on the number of cancer cells added, the grafting of RGD cell-adhesion peptides to the alginate resulted in a 4 to 10 times increase in the number of F98 cells (which overexpress the associated αvβ3 and αvβ5 binding integrins) retained in the matrix. Finally, a radiation dose of 25 Gy eliminated all F98 cells trapped in the matrix, without significantly altering the matrix mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giraldo Solano
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Joan Dupuy
- Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Therriault
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Liberelle
- Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Joseph JP, Miglani C, Bhatt A, Ray D, Singh A, Gupta D, Ali ME, Aswal VK, Pal A. Delineating synchronized control of dynamic covalent and non-covalent interactions for polymer chain collapse towards cargo localization and delivery. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic control of photo-responsive dynamic covalent and non-covalent interaction over the chain collapse of single chain thermo-responsive polymers towards cargo localization and augmented release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jojo P. Joseph
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | - Chirag Miglani
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | - Aashish Bhatt
- Quantum Materials and Devices
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division
- BARC
- Mumbai – 400085
- India
| | - Ashmeet Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | - Deepika Gupta
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | - Md. Ehesan Ali
- Quantum Materials and Devices
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| | | | - Asish Pal
- Chemical Biology Unit
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology
- Mohali
- India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu S, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Forced gradient copolymerisation: a simplified approach for polymerisation-induced self-assembly. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00889c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel and versatile gradient copolymerisation approach to simplify polymeric nanoparticle synthesis through polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA) is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
14
|
Chen W, Li S, Lang JC, Chang Y, Pan Z, Kroll P, Sun X, Tang L, Dong H. Combined Tumor Environment Triggered Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibers and Inducible Multivalent Ligand Display for Cancer Cell Targeting with Enhanced Sensitivity and Specificity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002780. [PMID: 32812362 PMCID: PMC8283777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many new technologies, such as cancer microenvironment-induced nanoparticle targeting and multivalent ligand approach for cell surface receptors, are developed for active targeting in cancer therapy. While the principle of each technology is well illustrated, most systems suffer from low targeting specificity and sensitivity. To fill the gap, this work demonstrates a successful attempt to combine both technologies to simultaneously improve cancer cell targeting sensitivity and specificity. Specifically, the main component is a targeting ligand conjugated self-assembling monomer precursor (SAM-P), which, at the tumor site, undergoes tumor-triggered cleavage to release the active form of self-assembling monomer capable of forming supramolecular nanostructures. Biophysical characterization confirms the chemical and physical transformation of SAM-P from unimers or oligomers with low ligand valency to supramolecular assemblies with high ligand valency under a tumor-mimicking reductive microenvironment. The in vitro fluorescence assay shows the importance of supramolecular morphology in mediating ligand-receptor interactions and targeting sensitivity. Enhanced targeting specificity and sensitivity can be achieved via tumor-triggered supramolecular assembly and induces multivalent ligand presentation toward cell surface receptors, respectively. The results support this combined tumor microenvironment-induced cell targeting and multivalent ligand display approach, and have great potential for use as cell-specific molecular imaging and therapeutic agents with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weike Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - John C Lang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Yan Chang
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Zui Pan
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Peter Kroll
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Liping Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kavand A, Anton N, Vandamme T, Serra CA, Chan-Seng D. Synthesis and functionalization of hyperbranched polymers for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 321:285-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Wang J, Min J, Eghtesadi SA, Kane RS, Chilkoti A. Quantitative Study of the Interaction of Multivalent Ligand-Modified Nanoparticles with Breast Cancer Cells with Tunable Receptor Density. ACS NANO 2020; 14:372-383. [PMID: 31899613 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent nanoparticles that target a cell surface receptor that is overexpressed by cancer cells are a promising delivery system for cancer therapy. However, the impact of the receptor density and nanoparticle ligand valency on the cell uptake has not been studied in a system where both variables can be systematically tuned over a wide range. To address this lacuna, we report cell-uptake studies on a genetically engineered breast cancer cell line with tunable ErbB2 expression by a polypeptide micelle with tunable ligand valency. We examined the uptake of ErbB2-targeting micelles at 5 ligand densities and 11 receptor densities. We identified a matching pattern between receptors and ligands in which a receptor-to-ligand density ratio of 0.7-4.5 and a minimum of ∼1.6 bonds are required to initiate receptor-mediated endocytosis. Lower and upper limits of receptor density in the cell-uptake profile suggested a standard by which to categorize breast cancer patients as ErbB2-low, ErbB2-medium, and ErbB2-high, with each group expected to respond differently to multivalent therapeutic nanoparticles. At ErbB2-medium and ErbB2-high levels, increasing the ligand valency to 40-valent ErbB2-targeting peptides for a 20 nm radius nanoparticle accelerated the cell uptake, suggesting that the use of nanoparticles with high ligand valency for drug delivery will greatly benefit patients in these two groups. This study advances our understanding of how to rationally optimize nanotechnology for targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Junseon Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Seyed Ali Eghtesadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Ravi S Kane
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Garg SM, Paiva IM, Vakili MR, Soudy R, Agopsowicz K, Soleimani AH, Hitt M, Kaur K, Lavasanifar A. Traceable PEO-poly(ester) micelles for breast cancer targeting: The effect of core structure and targeting peptide on micellar tumor accumulation. Biomaterials 2017; 144:17-29. [PMID: 28818703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Traceable poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ester) micelles were developed through chemical conjugation of a near-infrared (NIR) dye to the poly(ester) end by click chemistry. This strategy was tried for micelles with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(α-benzyl carboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PBCL) cores. The surface of both micelles was also modified with the breast cancer targeting peptide, P18-4. The results showed the positive contribution of PBCL over PCL core on micellar thermodynamic and kinetic stability as well as accumulation in primary orthotopic MDA-MB-231 tumors within 4-96 h following intravenous administration in mice. This was in contrast to in vitro studies where better uptake of PEO-PCL versus PEO-PBCL micelles by MDA-MB-231 cells was observed. The presence of P18-4 enhanced the in vitro cell uptake and homing of both polymeric micelles in breast tumors, but only at early time points. In conclusion, the use of developed NIR labeling technique provided means for following the fate of PEO-poly(ester) based nano-carriers in live animals. Our results showed micellar stabilization through the use of PBCL over PCL cores, to have a more significant effect in enhancing the level and duration of nano-carrier accumulation in primary breast tumors than the modification of polymeric micellar surface with breast tumor targeting peptide, P18-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam M Garg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Igor M Paiva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mohammad R Vakili
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Rania Soudy
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kate Agopsowicz
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 2E1, Canada
| | - Amir H Soleimani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mary Hitt
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6E 2E1, Canada
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada; Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618-1908, USA
| | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang YJ, Hsu SH. TRAIL-functionalized gold nanoparticles selectively trigger apoptosis in polarized macrophages. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:326-337. [PMID: 29071196 PMCID: PMC5646729 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.20233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have the same immunosuppressive effects as M2 macrophages in tumor progression and are correlated with poor-patient prognosis and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, TAMs are the potential targets for cancer therapy. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily and selectively induces cancer cell apoptosis, but not in most normal cells. Nanoparticles coated with multiple ligands can act as multivalent ligands that may actively crosslink cell surface receptors to affect downstream signals. Here, we explored nanogolds coated with TRAIL protein (nanogold-TRAIL complexes) as a potential anti-M2 macrophage drug. The structure of nanogold-TRAIL complexes comprised nanogold (3, 13, or 30 nm) as the core to crosslink multiple TRAIL for exhibition of multivalent property. Nanogold-TRAIL complexes selectively increased the cytotoxicity of TRAIL (30-fold increase in IC50) via changing O-glycosylation levels in M2-polarized macrophages. By testing the TRAIL complex efficacy on nanogold with different sizes and origins as well as on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, we further demonstrated that the enhanced cytotoxicity by nanoparticles was dependent on size and surface properties of the nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the nanogold-TRAIL complexes remained nontoxic to M1 macrophages or normal cells. Nanogold-TRAIL complexes thus provide a novel and promising strategy for the improvement of TRAIL-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jang Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jackson AW. Octreotide end-functionalized diblock copolymers facilitated by RAFT polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
20
|
Koutsiouki K, Angelopoulou A, Ioannou E, Voulgari E, Sergides A, Magoulas GE, Bakandritsos A, Avgoustakis K. TAT Peptide-Conjugated Magnetic PLA-PEG Nanocapsules for the Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel: In Vitro and Cell Studies. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:769-781. [PMID: 27301873 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0560-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) and organophilic iron oxide nanocrystals of 7 nm average size were co-encapsulated in the oily core of poly(lactide)-poly(ethyleneglycol) (PLA-PEG) nanocapsules in order to develop magnetically responsive nanocarriers of PTX. The nanocapsules were prepared by a solvent displacement technique and exhibited satisfactory drug and iron oxide loading efficiency, high colloidal stability, and sustained drug release properties. Drug release also proved responsive to an alternating magnetic field. Magnetophoresis experiments showed that the magnetic responsiveness of the nanocapsules depended on their SPION content. The PTX-loaded nanocapsules exhibited comparable to free PTX cytotoxicity against the A549 lung cancer cell line at 24 h of incubation but higher cytotoxicity than free drug at 48 h of incubation. The conjugation of a cysteine-modified TAT peptide (HCys-Tyr-Gly-Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg-NH2) on the surface of the nanocapsules resulted to highly increased uptake of nanocapsules by cancer cells, as well as to profound improvement of their cytotoxicity against the cancer cells. The results obtained justify further investigation of the prospects of these multifunctional PLA-PEG nanocapsules as a targeted delivery system of paclitaxel.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chan D, Yu AC, Appel EA. Single-Chain Polymeric Nanocarriers: A Platform for Determining Structure–Function Correlations in the Delivery of Molecular Cargo. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1434-1439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Chan
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anthony C. Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric A. Appel
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jackson AW, Chandrasekharan P, Ramasamy B, Goggi J, Chuang KH, He T, Robins EG. Octreotide Functionalized Nano-Contrast Agent for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3902-3910. [PMID: 27936729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has been employed to synthesize branched block copolymer nanoparticles possessing 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N,'N,″N,‴-tetraacetic acid (DO3A) macrocycles within their cores and octreotide (somatostatin mimic) cyclic peptides at their periphery. These polymeric nanoparticles have been chelated with Gd3+ and applied as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanocontrast agents. This nanoparticle system has an r1 relaxivity of 8.3 mM-1 s-1, which is 3 times the r1 of commercial gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). The in vitro targeted binding efficiency of these nanoparticles shows 5 times greater affinity to somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) with Ki = 77 pM (compared to somatostatin with Ki = 0.385 nM). We have also evaluated the tumor targeting molecular imaging ability of these branched copolymer nanoparticle in vivo using nude/NCr mice bearing AR42J rat pancreatic tumor (SSTR2 positive) and A549 human lung carcinoma tumor (SSTR2 negative) xenografts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore , 627833
| | - Prashant Chandrasekharan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667
| | - Boominathan Ramasamy
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667
| | - Julian Goggi
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117456
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117456.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117599
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore , 627833
| | - Edward G Robins
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A* Star), 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore , 138667.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , 117599
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Woodard PK, Liu Y, Pressly ED, Luehmann HP, Detering L, Sultan DE, Laforest R, McGrath AJ, Gropler RJ, Hawker CJ. Design and Modular Construction of a Polymeric Nanoparticle for Targeted Atherosclerosis Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: A Story of 25% (64)Cu-CANF-Comb. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2400-10. [PMID: 27286872 PMCID: PMC5096390 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic profiles, and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of natriuretic peptide clearance receptors (NPRC) expressed on atherosclerotic plaque of a series of targeted, polymeric nanoparticles. METHODS To control their structure, non-targeted and targeted polymeric (comb) nanoparticles, conjugated with various amounts of c-atrial natriuretic peptide (CANF, 0, 5, 10 and 25%), were synthesized by controlled and modular chemistry. In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of these nanoparticles was performed in wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 mice after (64)Cu radiolabeling. PET imaging was performed on an apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mouse atherosclerosis model to assess the NPRC targeting efficiency. For comparison, an in vivo blood metabolism study was carried out in WT mice. RESULTS All three (64)Cu-CANF-comb nanoparticles showed improved biodistribution profiles, including significantly reduced accumulation in both liver and spleen, compared to the non-targeted (64)Cu-comb. Of the three nanoparticles, the 25% (64)Cu-CANF-comb demonstrated the best NPRC targeting specificity and sensitivity in ApoE(-/-) mice. Metabolism studies showed that the radiolabeled CANF-comb was stable in blood up to 9 days. Histopathological analyses confirmed the up-regulation of NPRC along the progression of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION The 25% (64)Cu-CANF-comb demonstrated its potential as a PET imaging agent to detect atherosclerosis progression and status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela K Woodard
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric D Pressly
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA
| | - Hannah P Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lisa Detering
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah E Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alaina J McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California,, USA.
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sadowski LP, Edem PE, Valliant JF, Adronov A. Synthesis of Polyester Dendritic Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1475-1484. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas P. Sadowski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Patricia E. Edem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vecchione R, Luciani G, Calcagno V, Jakhmola A, Silvestri B, Guarnieri D, Belli V, Costantini A, Netti PA. Multilayered silica-biopolymer nanocapsules with a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic tunable shell thickness. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8798-8809. [PMID: 27065306 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable, biocompatible, multifunctional and multicompartment nanocarriers are much needed in the field of nanomedicine. Here, we report a simple, novel strategy to design an engineered nanocarrier system featuring an oil-core/hybrid polymer/silica-shell. Silica shells with a tunable thickness were grown in situ, directly around a highly mono-disperse and stable oil-in-water emulsion system, stabilized by a double bio-functional polyelectrolyte heparin/chitosan layer. Such silica showed a complete degradation in a physiological medium (SBF) in a time frame of three days. Moreover, the outer silica shell was coated with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) in order to confer antifouling properties to the final nanocapsule. The outer silica layer combined its properties (it is an optimal bio-interface for bio-conjugations and for the embedding of hydrophilic drugs in the porous structure) with the capability to stabilize the oil core for the confinement of high payloads of lipophilic tracers (e.g., CdSe quantum dots, Nile Red) and drugs. In addition, polymer layers--besides conferring stability to the emulsion while building the silica shell--can be independently exploited if suitably functionalized, as demonstrated by conjugating chitosan with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Such numerous features in a single nanocarrier system make it very intriguing as a multifunctional platform for smart diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Vecchione
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy. and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Luciani
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calcagno
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy. and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anshuman Jakhmola
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Brigida Silvestri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Guarnieri
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy. and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Belli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy. and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Aniello Costantini
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, IIT@CRIB, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53 80125 Napoli, Italy. and Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB, Università di Napoli Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio, 80 80125 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meyer RA, Green JJ. Shaping the future of nanomedicine: anisotropy in polymeric nanoparticle design. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 8:191-207. [PMID: 25981390 PMCID: PMC4644720 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication and biomedical applications of polymeric nanoparticles have become important areas of research. Biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles have been investigated for their use as delivery vehicles for therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Although polymeric nanoconstructs have traditionally been fabricated as isotropic spheres, anisotropic, nonspherical nanoparticles have gained interest in the biomaterials community owing to their unique interactions with biological systems. Polymeric nanoparticles with different forms of anisotropy have been manufactured using a variety of novel methods in recent years. In addition, they have enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties compared with spherical nanoparticles, including increased targeting avidity and decreased nonspecific in vivo clearance. With these desirable properties, anisotropic nanoparticles have been successfully utilized in many biomedical settings and have performed superiorly to analogous spherical nanoparticles. We summarize the current state-of-the-art fabrication methods for anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles including top-down, bottom-up, and microfluidic design approaches. We also summarize the current and potential future applications of these nanoparticles, including drug delivery, biological targeting, immunoengineering, and tissue engineering. Ongoing research into the properties and utility of anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles will prove critical to realizing their potential in nanomedicine.
Collapse
|
27
|
Integrated nanotechnology platform for tumor-targeted multimodal imaging and therapeutic cargo release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1877-82. [PMID: 26839407 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525796113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge of targeted molecular imaging and drug delivery in cancer is establishing a functional combination of ligand-directed cargo with a triggered release system. Here we develop a hydrogel-based nanotechnology platform that integrates tumor targeting, photon-to-heat conversion, and triggered drug delivery within a single nanostructure to enable multimodal imaging and controlled release of therapeutic cargo. In proof-of-concept experiments, we show a broad range of ligand peptide-based applications with phage particles, heat-sensitive liposomes, or mesoporous silica nanoparticles that self-assemble into a hydrogel for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Because nanoparticles pack densely within the nanocarrier, their surface plasmon resonance shifts to near-infrared, thereby enabling a laser-mediated photothermal mechanism of cargo release. We demonstrate both noninvasive imaging and targeted drug delivery in preclinical mouse models of breast and prostate cancer. Finally, we applied mathematical modeling to predict and confirm tumor targeting and drug delivery. These results are meaningful steps toward the design and initial translation of an enabling nanotechnology platform with potential for broad clinical applications.
Collapse
|
28
|
Shan D, Li J, Cai P, Prasad P, Liu F, Rauth AM, Wu XY. RGD-conjugated solid lipid nanoparticles inhibit adhesion and invasion of αvβ3 integrin-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:15-26. [PMID: 25787336 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-014-0210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
αvβ3 integrin receptors expressed on cancer cell surfaces play a crucial role in promoting tumor angiogenesis and cancer cell metastasis. Thus, cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptides have been explored as a αvβ3 integrin receptor-specific targeting moiety for the targeted delivery of nanoparticle-loaded therapeutics. However, our previous study showed that cyclic RGD could act as a double-edged sword that, on one hand, extended the retention of cRGD-modified solid lipid nanoparticles (RGD-SLNs) at αvβ3 integrin receptor overexpressing breast carcinoma, and yet on the other hand, decreased the amount of tumor accumulation of RGD-SLNs attributable to the greater uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Therefore, we aimed to optimize the RGD-decorated nanoparticle systems for (1) inhibiting αvβ3 integrin receptor overexpressing tumor cell metastasis and (2) increasing nanoparticle accumulation to tumor site. SLNs with cRGD content ranging from 0 to 10 % mol of total polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains were synthesized. The binding of RGD-SLNs with αvβ3 integrin receptors increased with increasing cRGD concentration on the nanoparticles. RGD-SLNs were demonstrated to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell adhesion to fibronectin and invasion through Matrigel. In vivo whole-body fluorescence imaging revealed that 1 % cRGD on the SLNs' surface had maximum tumor accumulation with extended tumor retention among all formulations tested in an orthotopic MDA-MB-231/EGFP breast tumor model. This work has laid a foundation for further development of anticancer drug-loaded optimized cRGD nanoparticle formulations for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kankaanpää P, Tiitta S, Bergman L, Puranen AB, von Haartman E, Lindén M, Heino J. Cellular recognition and macropinocytosis-like internalization of nanoparticles targeted to integrin α2β1. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17889-17901. [PMID: 26462719 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06218g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Targeting nanoparticles to desired intracellular compartments is a major challenge. Integrin-type adhesion receptors are connected to different endocytosis routes in a receptor-specific manner. According to our previous observations, the internalization of an α2β1-integrin-echovirus-1 complex takes place via a macropinocytosis-like mechanism, suggesting that the receptor could be used to target nanoparticles to this specific entry route. Here, silica-based nanoparticles, carrying monoclonal antibodies against the α2β1 integrin as address labels, were synthesized. Studies with flow cytometry, atomic force microscopy and confocal microscopy showed the particles to attach to the cell surface via the α2β1 integrin. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of nanoparticle trafficking inside the cell performed with the BioImageXD software indicated that the particles enter cells via a macropinocytosis-like process and end up in caveolin-1 positive structures. Thus, we suggest that different integrins can guide particles to distinct endocytosis routes and, subsequently, also to specific intracellular compartments. In addition, we show that with the BioImageXD software it is possible to conduct sensitive and complex analyses of the behavior of small fluorescent particles inside cells, using basic confocal microscopy images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kankaanpää
- Department of Biochemistry, FI-20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Z, Wang W, Bu X, Wei Z, Geng L, Wu Y, Dong C, Li L, Zhang D, Yang S, Wang F, Lausted C, Hood L, Hu Z. Microarray based screening of peptide nano probes for HER2 positive tumor. Anal Chem 2015. [PMID: 26218790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are excellent biointerface molecules and diagnostic probes with many advantages such as good penetration, short turnover time, and low cost. We report here an efficient peptide screening strategy based on in situ single bead sequencing on a microarray. Two novel peptides YLFFVFER (H6) and KLRLEWNR (H10) specifically binding to the tumor biomarker human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with aKD of 10(-8) M were obtained from a 10(5) library. Conjugated to nanoparticles, both the H6 and H10 probes showed specific accumulation in HER2-positive tumor tissues in xenografted mice by in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Wu
- ‡Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing China, 100191
| | - Chengyan Dong
- ‡Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing China, 100191
| | - Liqiang Li
- ‡Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing China, 100191
| | | | | | - Fan Wang
- ‡Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing China, 100191
| | - Christopher Lausted
- §Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Leroy Hood
- §Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- §Institute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,∥Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing China, 102206
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ung N, Yang I. Nanotechnology to augment immunotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:473-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
32
|
Muro S. Strategies for delivery of therapeutics into the central nervous system for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 2:169-86. [PMID: 24688886 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of about fifty life-threatening conditions caused by genetic defects affecting lysosomal components. The underscoring molecular deficiency leads to widespread cellular dysfunction through most tissues in the body, including peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). Efforts during the last few decades have rendered a remarkable advance regarding our knowledge, medical awareness, and early detection of these genetic defects, as well as development of several treatment modalities. Clinical and experimental strategies encompassing enzyme replacement, gene and cell therapies, substrate reduction, and chemical chaperones are showing considerable potential in attenuating the peripheral pathology. However, a major drawback has been encountered regarding the suboptimal impact of these approaches on the CNS pathology. Particular anatomical and biochemical constraints of this tissue pose a major obstacle to the delivery of therapeutics into the CNS. Approaches to overcome these obstacles include modalities of local administration, strategies to enhance the blood-CNS permeability, intranasal delivery, use of exosomes, and those exploiting targeting of transporters and transcytosis pathways in the endothelial lining. The later two approaches are being pursued at the time by coupling therapeutic agents to affinity moieties and drug delivery systems capable of targeting these natural transport routes. This approach is particularly promising, as using paths naturally active at this interface may render safe and effective delivery of LSD therapies into the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA ; Fischell Dept. of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lux J, White AG, Chan M, Anderson CJ, Almutairi A. Nanogels from metal-chelating crosslinkers as versatile platforms applied to copper-64 PET imaging of tumors and metastases. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:277-88. [PMID: 25553115 PMCID: PMC4279191 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are essential in medicine for both therapy and diagnosis. We recently created the first metal-chelating nanogel imaging agent, which employed versatile, reproducible chemistry that maximizes chelation stability. Here we demonstrate that our metal chelating crosslinked nanogel technology is a powerful platform by incorporating (64)Cu to obtain PET radiotracers. Polyacrylamide-based nanogels were crosslinked with three different polydentate ligands (DTPA, DOTA, NOTA). NOTA-based nanogels stably retained (64)Cu in mouse serum and accumulated in tumors in vivo as detected by PET/CT imaging. Measurement of radioactivity in major organs ex vivo confirmed this pattern, revealing a high accumulation (12.3% ID/g and 16.6% ID/g) in tumors at 24 and 48 h following administration, with lower accumulation in the liver (8.5% ID/g at 24 h) and spleen (5.5% ID/g). Nanogels accumulated even more efficiently in metastases (29.9% and 30.4% ID/g at 24 and 48 h). These metal-chelating nanogels hold great promise for future application as bimodal PET/MRI agents; chelation of β-emitting radionuclides could enable radiation therapy.
Collapse
|
34
|
Zan M, Li J, Huang M, Lin S, Luo D, Luo S, Ge Z. Near-infrared light-triggered drug release nanogels for combined photothermal-chemotherapy of cancer. Biomater Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered drug release polymeric nanogels were fabricated based on host–guest interaction and were explored to encapsulate indocyanine green (ICG) and doxorubicin (DOX) for combined photothermal-chemotherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Mingming Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shanqing Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Hospital of Anhui Province
- Hefei
- China
| | - Shizhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhou W, Qu Q, Yu W, An Z. Single Monomer for Multiple Tasks: Polymerization Induced Self-Assembly, Functionalization and Cross-Linking, and Nanoparticle Loading. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:1220-1224. [PMID: 35610829 DOI: 10.1021/mz500650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficient preparation of multifunctional nano-objects with controlled morphologies in one step at high concentrations is synthetically challenging, yet is highly desirable, in a broad range of materials applications. Herein, we address this synthetic hurdle by introducing a single commodity monomer 2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (AEMA) to realize multiple functions. Facile preparation of both nanospheres and vesicles via polymerization induced self-assembly at concentrations of 20-30% provided defined polymeric nanomaterials with reactive handles inherent to the AEMA units. High-yielding keto-alkoxylamine chemistry was utilized to decorate and cross-link the nano-objects. Nanoparticle loading into the designated location within both nano-objects was exemplified with in situ formation of silver nanoparticles. The concept of using a single monomer capable of both morphology control and multifunctionalization is expected to offer significant opportunities in functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qingwu Qu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weijun Yu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology,
College of Environmental
and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Crucho CIC. Stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for nanomedicine. ChemMedChem 2014; 10:24-38. [PMID: 25319803 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nature continues to be the ultimate in nanotechnology, where polymeric nanometer-scale architectures play a central role in biological systems. Inspired by the way nature forms functional supramolecular assemblies, researchers are trying to make nanostructures and to incorporate these into macrostructures as nature does. Recent advances and progress in nanoscience have demonstrated the great potential that nanomaterials have for applications in healthcare. In the realm of drug delivery, nanomaterials have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, ensuring reproducible absorption of bioactive molecules that do not naturally penetrate biological barriers, restricting drug access to specific target sites. Several building blocks have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles. Thus, stability, drug release, and targeting can be tailored by surface modification. Herein the state of the art of stimuli-responsive polymeric nanoparticles are reviewed. Such systems are able to control drug release by reacting to naturally occurring or external applied stimuli. Special attention is paid to the design and nanoparticle formulation of these so-called smart drug-delivery systems. Future strategies for further developments of a promising controlled drug delivery responsive system are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina I C Crucho
- Department of Chemistry REQUIMTE/CQFB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica (Portugal).
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Anikeeva N, Sykulev Y, Delikatny EJ, Popov AV. Core-based lipid nanoparticles as a nanoplatform for delivery of near-infrared fluorescent imaging agents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 4:507-524. [PMID: 25250201 PMCID: PMC4171838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyropheophorbide a (Pyro) is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye and photosensitizer with high quantum yield that makes the dye suitable for tumor treatment both as an imaging and therapy agent. We have designed and synthesized a series of a Pyro-based NIR probes, based on the conjugation of Pyro with lipids. The nature of our probes requires the use of a lipophilic carrier to deliver the probes to cancer cell membranes. To address this, we have utilized lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) consisting of PEGylated lipids, which form the nanoparticle shell, and a lipid core. To endow the LNPs with targeting properties, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) lipids were included in the composition that enables the non-covalent attachment of His-tag targeting proteins preserving their functional activity. We found that the nature of the core molecules influence the nanoparticle size, shelf-life and stability at physiological temperature. Two different Pyro-lipid conjugates were loaded either into the core or shell of the LNPs. The conjugates revealed differential ability to be accumulated in the cell membrane of the target cells with time. Thus, the modular organization of the core-shell LNPs allows facile adjustment of their composition with goal to fine tuning the nanoparticle properties for in vivo application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward J Delikatny
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Amphiphilic macromolecules on cell membranes: from protective layers to controlled permeabilization. J Membr Biol 2014; 247:861-81. [PMID: 24903487 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-014-9679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial and cell-penetrating peptides have inspired developments of abiotic membrane-active polymers that can coat, penetrate, or break lipid bilayers in model systems. Application to cell cultures is more recent, but remarkable bioactivities are already reported. Synthetic polymer chains were tailored to achieve (i) high biocide efficiencies, and selectivity for bacteria (Gram-positive/Gram-negative or bacterial/mammalian membranes), (ii) stable and mild encapsulation of viable isolated cells to escape immune systems, (iii) pH-, temperature-, or light-triggered interaction with cells. This review illustrates these recent achievements highlighting the use of abiotic polymers, and compares the major structural determinants that control efficiency of polymers and peptides. Charge density, sp. of cationic and guanidinium side groups, and hydrophobicity (including polarity of stimuli-responsive moieties) guide the design of new copolymers for the handling of cell membranes. While polycationic chains are generally used as biocidal or hemolytic agents, anionic amphiphilic polymers, including Amphipols, are particularly prone to mild permeabilization and/or intracell delivery.
Collapse
|
39
|
Mester Z, Lynd NA, Delaney KT, Fredrickson GH. Phase Coexistence Calculations of Reversibly Bonded Block Copolymers: A Unit Cell Gibbs Ensemble Approach. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4026114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Mester
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kris T. Delaney
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Materials
Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bol'shakov OI, Akala EO. MS-Monitored Conjugation of Poly(ethylene glycol) Monomethacrylate to RGD Peptides. J Appl Polym Sci 2014; 131. [PMID: 24976670 DOI: 10.1002/app.40385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of biologically active polymers is an active area of research due to their applications in varied and diverse fields of biomedical research: cell adhesion, tissue proliferation, and drug delivery. Recent advances in chemical modification allow fine-tuning of the properties of biomedical polymers to improve their applications: blood circulation half-life, stimuli-responsive degradation, site-specific targeting, drug loading, etc. In this article, convergent synthesis of polymerizable macromonomers bearing a site-specific ligand (RGD peptide) using a low molecular weight MA-poly(ethylene glycols) (PEGs) is presented. The method affords macromonomers useful as the starting materials to produce biomedical polymers. We found matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectromerty convenient in monitoring the conjugation process via step-by-step following of PEG modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg I Bol'shakov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC
| | - Emmanuel O Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington DC
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Nuclear imaging techniques that include positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon computed tomography have found great success in the clinic because of their inherent high sensitivity. Radionuclide imaging is the most popular form of imaging to be used for molecular imaging in oncology. While many types of molecules have been used for radionuclide-based molecular imaging, there has been a great interest in developing newer nanomaterials for use in clinic, especially for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials have unique physical properties which allow them to be used as imaging probes to locate and identify cancerous lesions. Over the past decade, a great number of nanoparticles have been developed for radionuclide imaging of cancer. This chapter reviews the different kinds of nanomaterials, both organic and inorganic, which are currently being researched for as potential agents for nuclear imaging of variety of cancers. Several radiolabeled multifunctional nanocarriers have been extremely successful for the detection of cancer in preclinical models. So far, significant progress has been achieved in nanoparticle structure design, in vitro/in vivo trafficking, and in vivo fate mapping by using PET. There is a great need for the development of newer nanoparticles, which improve active targeting and quantify new biomarkers for early disease detection and possible prevention of cancer.
Collapse
|
42
|
Functionalization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with RGD peptide derivatives. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
43
|
Tang W, Becker ML. “Click” reactions: a versatile toolbox for the synthesis of peptide-conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7013-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides that comprise the functional subunits of proteins have been conjugated to versatile materials (biomolecules, polymers, surfaces and nanoparticles) in an effort to modulate cell responses, specific binding affinity and/or self-assembly behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Polymer Science
- The University of Akron
- Akron, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- The University of Akron
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Borchmann DE, Carberry TP, Weck M. "Bio"-macromolecules: polymer-protein conjugates as emerging scaffolds for therapeutics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:27-43. [PMID: 24323623 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-protein conjugates are biohybrid macromolecules derived from covalently connecting synthetic polymers with polypeptides. The resulting materials combine the properties of both worlds: chemists can engineer polymers to stabilize proteins, to add functionality, or to enhance activity; whereas biochemists can exploit the specificity and complexity that Nature has bestowed upon its macromolecules. This has led to a wealth of applications, particularly within the realm of biomedicine. Polymer-protein conjugation has expanded to include scaffolds for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microbial inhibitors. This feature article reflects upon recent developments in the field and discusses the applications of these hybrids from a biomaterials standpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee E Borchmann
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Sq. E., New York, New York, 10003, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rangger C, Helbok A, Sosabowski J, Kremser C, Koehler G, Prassl R, Andreae F, Virgolini IJ, von Guggenberg E, Decristoforo C. Tumor targeting and imaging with dual-peptide conjugated multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4659-71. [PMID: 24353415 PMCID: PMC3862508 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significant progress in nanotechnology provides a wide spectrum of nanosized material for various applications, including tumor targeting and molecular imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate multifunctional liposomal nanoparticles for targeting approaches and detection of tumors using different imaging modalities. The concept of dual-targeting was tested in vitro and in vivo using liposomes derivatized with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide binding to αvβ3 integrin receptors and a substance P peptide binding to neurokinin-1 receptors. METHODS For liposome preparation, lipids, polyethylene glycol building blocks, DTPA-derivatized lipids for radiolabeling, lipid-based RGD and substance P building blocks and imaging labels were combined in defined molar ratios. Liposomes were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements, and in vitro binding properties were tested using fluorescence microscopy. Standardized protocols for radiolabeling were developed to perform biodistribution and micro-single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) studies in nude mice bearing glioblastoma and/or melanoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, an initial magnetic resonance imaging study was performed. RESULTS Liposomes were radiolabeled with high radiochemical yields. Fluorescence microscopy showed specific cellular interactions with RGD-liposomes and substance P-liposomes. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled liposomal nanoparticles revealed low tumor uptake, but in a preliminary magnetic resonance imaging study with a single-targeted RGD-liposome, uptake in the tumor xenografts could be visualized. CONCLUSION The present study shows the potential of liposomes as multifunctional targeted vehicles for imaging of tumors combining radioactive, fluorescent, and magnetic resonance signaling. Specific in vitro tumor targeting by fluorescence microscopy and radioactivity was achieved. However, biodistribution studies in an animal tumor model revealed only moderate tumor uptake and no additive effect using a dual-targeting approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Helbok
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Koehler
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Irene J Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Burts AO, Liao L, Lu YY, Tirrell DA, Johnson JA. Brush-first and click: efficient synthesis of nanoparticles that degrade and release doxorubicin in response to light. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:380-5. [PMID: 24117423 DOI: 10.1111/php.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
New strategies for the synthesis of multifunctional particles that respond to external stimuli and release biologically relevant agents will enable the discovery of new formulations for drug delivery. In this article, we combine two powerful methods: brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, for the synthesis of a novel class of brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) that simultaneously degrade and release the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) in response to 365 nm light. In vitro cell viability studies were performed to study the toxicity of azide- and DOX-loaded BASPs. The former were completely nontoxic. The latter showed minimal toxicity in the absence of light; UV-triggered DOX release led to IC50 values that were similar to that of free DOX.
Collapse
|
47
|
El Habnouni S, Nottelet B, Darcos V, Porsio B, Lemaire L, Franconi F, Garric X, Coudane J. MRI-Visible Poly(ε-caprolactone) with Controlled Contrast Agent Ratios for Enhanced Visualization in Temporary Imaging Applications. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3626-34. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Lemaire
- Micro
et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques (MINT), UMR-S 1066, Université d’Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933 Angers Cedex9, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Z, Niu G, Chen X. Polymeric materials for theranostic applications. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1358-76. [PMID: 23765400 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has continuously contributed to the fast development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Theranostic nanomedicine has encompassed the ongoing efforts on concurrent molecular imaging of biomarkers, delivery of therapeutic agents, and monitoring of therapy response. Among these formulations, polymer-based theranostic agents hold great promise for the construction of multifunctional agents for translational medicine. In this article, we reviewed the state-of-the-art polymeric nanoparticles, from preparation to application, as potential theranostic agents for diagnosis and therapy. We summarized several major polymer formulas, including polymeric conjugate complexes, nanospheres, micelles, and dendrimers for integrated molecular imaging and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, 1C22, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Borchmann DE, Brummelhuis NT, Weck M. GRGDS-Functionalized Poly(lactide)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers: Combining Thiol-Ene Chemistry with Staudinger Ligation. Macromolecules 2013; 46:4426-4431. [PMID: 23878406 DOI: 10.1021/ma4005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A tri(ethylene glycol)-containing lactide analogue was synthesized via thiol-ene chemistry between a bi-functional triethylene glycol and allyl lactide. Subsequent tin-octoate-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization yielded well-defined poly(lactide)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers with molecular weights of 6000 g/mol and polydispersity indices of 1.6. The tri(ethylene glycol) chains along the copolymers contain azide termini that are capable of 'click'-type postpolymerization functionalization. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated via successful Staudinger ligation to install the Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee E Borchmann
- Molecular Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yuan J, Zhang H, Kaur H, Oupicky D, Peng F. Synthesis and Characterization of Theranostic Poly(HPMA)-c(RGDyK)-DOTA- 64Cu Copolymer Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis: Tumor Localization Visualized by Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Imaging 2013; 12:7290.2012.00038. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Yuan
- From the Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- From the Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- From the Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
| | - David Oupicky
- From the Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
| | - Fangyu Peng
- From the Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI; Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
| |
Collapse
|