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Murastov G, Aslam MA, Tran TH, Lassnig A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Wurster S, Nachtnebel M, Teichert C, Sheremet E, Rodriguez RD, Matkovic A. Photoinduced edge-specific nanoparticle decoration of two-dimensional tungsten diselenide nanoribbons. Commun Chem 2023; 6:166. [PMID: 37580376 PMCID: PMC10425467 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are widely explored for boosting light-matter coupling, optoelectronic response, and improving photocatalytic performance of two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the target area is restricted to either top or bottom of the 2D flakes. Here, we introduce an approach for edge-specific nanoparticle decoration via light-assisted reduction of silver ions and merging of silver seeds. We observe arrays of the self-limited in size silver nanoparticles along tungsten diselenide WSe2 nanoribbon edges. The density of nanoparticles is tunable by adjusting the laser fluence. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are used to investigate the size, distribution, and photo-response of the deposited plasmonic nanoparticles on the quasi-one-dimensional nanoribbons. We report an on-surface synthesis path for creating mixed-dimensional heterostructures and heterojunctions with potential applications in opto-electronics, plasmonics, and catalysis, offering improved light matter coupling, optoelectronics response, and photocatalytic performance of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennadiy Murastov
- Chair of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanics and Electrical Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Muhammad Awais Aslam
- Chair of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanics and Electrical Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Tuan-Hoang Tran
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avenue 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alice Lassnig
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Stefan Wurster
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Manfred Nachtnebel
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Chair of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanics and Electrical Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Evgeniya Sheremet
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avenue 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenina Avenue 30, 634034, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandar Matkovic
- Chair of Physics, Department Physics, Mechanics and Electrical Engineering, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz Josef Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
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2
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de Sousa LE, da Silva Filho DA, de Sousa RT, de Oliveira Neto PH. Exciton Diffusion in Organic Nanofibers: A Monte Carlo Study on the Effects of Temperature and Dimensionality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14066. [PMID: 30232380 PMCID: PMC6145872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic nanofibers have found various applications in optoelectronic devices. In such devices, exciton diffusion is a major aspect concerning their efficiency. In the case of singlet excitons, Förster transfer is the mechanism responsible for this process. Temperature and morphology are factors known to influence exciton diffusion but are not explicitly considered in the expressions for the Förster rate. In this work, we employ a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model to investigate singlet exciton diffusion in para-hexaphenyl (P6P) and α-sexithiophene (6T) nanofibers. Building from previous experimental and theoretical studies that managed to obtain temperature dependent values for Förster radii, exciton average lifetimes and intermolecular distances, our model is able to indicate how these parameters translate into diffusion coefficients and diffusion lengths. Our results indicate that these features strongly depend on the coordination number in the material. Furthermore, we show how all these features influence the emitted light color in systems composed of alternating layers of P6P and 6T. Finally, we present evidence that the distribution of exciton displacements may result in overestimation of diffusion lengths in experimental setups.
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3
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de Sousa LE, de Oliveira Neto PH, Kjelstrup-Hansen J, da Silva Filho DA. Modeling temperature dependent singlet exciton dynamics in multilayered organic nanofibers. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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4
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Röthel C, Radziown M, Resel R, Zimmer A, Simbrunner C, Werzer O. Complex Behavior of Caffeine Crystallites on Muscovite Mica Surfaces. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2015; 15:4563-4570. [PMID: 26366127 PMCID: PMC4561387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Defined fabrication of organic thin films is highly desired in technological, as well as pharmaceutical, applications since morphology and crystal structure are directly linked to physical, electrical, and optical properties. Within this work, the directed growth of caffeine deposited by hot wall epitaxy (HWE) on muscovite mica is studied. Optical and atomic force microscopy measurements reveal the presence of caffeine needles exhibiting a preferable alignment in the azimuthal directions with respect to the orientation of the defined mica surface. Specular X-ray diffraction and X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements give evidence that the β-polymorphic form of caffeine forms on the mica surface. All results consent that caffeine molecules have an edge-on conformation i.e. minimizing their interaction area with the surface. Furthermore, the azimuthal alignment of the long caffeine needle axis takes place along the [11̅0], [100], and [110] real space directions of mica; needles are observed every 60° azimuthally. While mica has a complex surface structure with mirror planes and lowered oxygen rows, the slightly disturbed 3-fold symmetry dictates the crystal alignment. This is different to previous findings for solution cast caffeine growth on mica. For HWE the needles align solely along the mica main directions whereby solution cast needles show an additional needle splitting due to a different alignment of caffeine with respect to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Röthel
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse
16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - Michal Radziown
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University
of Technology, Petersgasse
16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens Universität Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
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5
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Tavares L, Cadelano M, Quochi F, Simbrunner C, Schwabegger G, Saba M, Mura A, Bongiovanni G, Filho DADS, da Cunha W, Rubahn HG, Kjelstrup-Hansen J. Efficient Exciton Diffusion and Resonance-Energy Transfer in Multilayered Organic Epitaxial Nanofibers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:15689-15697. [PMID: 26191119 PMCID: PMC4500454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multilayered epitaxial nanofibers are exemplary model systems for the study of exciton dynamics and lasing in organic materials because of their well-defined morphology, high luminescence efficiencies, and color tunability. We use temperature-dependent continuous wave and picosecond photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to quantify exciton diffusion and resonance-energy transfer (RET) processes in multilayered nanofibers consisting of alternating layers of para-hexaphenyl (p6P) and α-sexithiophene (6T) serving as exciton donor and acceptor material, respectively. The high probability for RET processes is confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The activation energy for exciton diffusion in p6P is determined to be as low as 19 meV, proving p6P epitaxial layers also as a very suitable donor material system. The small activation energy for exciton diffusion of the p6P donor material, the inferred high p6P-to-6T resonance-energy-transfer efficiency, and the observed weak PL temperature dependence of the 6T acceptor material together result in an exceptionally high optical emission performance of this all-organic material system, thus making it well suited, for example, for organic light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Tavares
- NanoSYD,
Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern
Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Michele Cadelano
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Quochi
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Günther Schwabegger
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michele Saba
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Mura
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bongiovanni
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Horst-Günter Rubahn
- NanoSYD,
Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern
Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kjelstrup-Hansen
- NanoSYD,
Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern
Denmark, Alsion 2, DK-6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
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Kjelstrup-Hansen J, Simbrunner C, Rubahn HG. Organic surface-grown nanowires for functional devices. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:126502. [PMID: 24262288 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/12/126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Discontinuous organic thin film growth on the surface of single crystals results in crystalline nanowires with extraordinary morphological and optoelectronic properties. By way of being generated at the interface of organic and inorganic materials, these nanowires combine the advantages of flexible organic films with the defectless character of inorganic crystalline substrates. The development of destruction-free transfer and direct growth methods allows one to integrate the organic nanowires into semiconductor, metallic electronic or photonic platforms. This article details the mechanisms that lead to the growth of these nanowires and exemplifies some of the linear as well as non-linear photonic properties, such as optical wave guiding, lasing and frequency conversion. The article also highlights future potential by showing that organic nanowires can be integrated into optoelectronic devices or hybrid photonic/plasmonic platforms as passive and active nanoplasmonic elements.
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Schwabegger G, Oehzelt M, Salzmann I, Quochi F, Saba M, Mura A, Bongiovanni G, Vollmer A, Koch N, Sitter H, Simbrunner C. Interface properties of organic para-hexaphenyl/α-sexithiophene heterostructures deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14444-14450. [PMID: 24156627 PMCID: PMC3842851 DOI: 10.1021/la402242b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It was recently reported, that heterostructures of para-hexaphenyl (p-6P) and α-sexithiophene (6T) deposited on muscovite mica exhibit the intriguing possibility to prepare lasing nanofibers of tunable emission wavelength. For p-6P/6T heterostructures, two different types of 6T emission have been observed, namely, the well-known red emission of bulk 6T crystals and additionally a green emission connected to the interface between p-6P and 6T. In this study, the origin of the green fluorescence is investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). As a prerequisite, it is necessary to prepare structurally similar organic crystals on a conductive surface, which leads to the choice of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a substrate. The similarity between p-6P/6T heterostructures on muscovite mica and on HOPG is evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning force microscopy (SFM), and optical spectroscopy. PES measurements show that the interface between p-6P and 6T crystals is sharp on a molecular level without any sign of interface dipole formation or chemical interaction between the molecules. We therefore conclude that the different emission colors of the two 6T phases are caused by different types of molecular aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schwabegger
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Oehzelt
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, BESSY II, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Quochi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato
(CA), Italy
| | - Michele Saba
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato
(CA), Italy
| | - Andrea Mura
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato
(CA), Italy
| | - Giovanni Bongiovanni
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato
(CA), Italy
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Unità
di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Antje Vollmer
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, BESSY II, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz
Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, BESSY II, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut
für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitter
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato
(CA), Italy
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8
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Garreau A, Massuyeau F, Cordier S, Molard Y, Gautron E, Bertoncini P, Faulques E, Wery J, Humbert B, Bulou A, Duvail JL. Color control in coaxial two-luminophore nanowires. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2977-2987. [PMID: 23477667 DOI: 10.1021/nn400763r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a general and simple approach to take control of the color of light-emitting two-luminophore hybrid nanowires (NWs). Our strategy is based on the spatial control at the nanoscale (coaxial geometry) and the spectral selection of the two kinds of luminophores in order to restrict complex charge and energy transfers. Thus, it is possible to control the color of the photoluminescence (PL) as an interpolation of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) coordinates of each luminophore. For this purpose, we selected a green-emitting semiconducting polymer and a red-emitting hexanuclear metal cluster compound, (n-Bu4N)2Mo6Br8F6, dispersed in a poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The great potential and the versatility of this strategy have been demonstrated for two configurations. First, a yellow PL with a continuous change along the nanowire has been evidenced when the proportion of the PPV shell versus the nanocomposite core, that is, the green/red volumic ratio, progressively shifts from 1:2 to 1:5. Second, an extremely abrupt change in the PL color with red-green-yellow segments has been achieved. A simple model corroborates the effectiveness of this strategy. PL excitation and time-resolved experiments also confirm that no significant charge and energy transfers are involved. The two-luminophore hybrid nanowires may find widespread nanophotonic applications in multicolor emitting sources, lasers and chemical and biological sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Garreau
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, CNRS, France.
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9
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Schwabegger G, Djuric T, Sitter H, Resel R, Simbrunner C. Morphological and Structural Investigation of Sexithiophene Growth on KCl (100). CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2013; 13:536-542. [PMID: 23413362 PMCID: PMC3567699 DOI: 10.1021/cg3010823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and structure of sexithiophene deposited on KCl (100) substrates was investigated by scanning force microscopy and specular X-ray diffraction measurements. Two different needle-like structures with {010} and {4̅11} contact planes have been observed as well as islands of almost upright standing sexithiophene molecules with a {100} contact plane. Furthermore an azimuthal alignment of all three crystal orientations was observed by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements, and the growth directions reflect the 4-fold rotational symmetry of the substrate surface. In addition the analysis of crystals with {4̅11} and {100} contact planes unveiled that they share a common crystallographic direction which is explained by ledge directed epitaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schwabegger
- Institute of Semiconductor and
Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse
69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Tatjana Djuric
- Institute of Solid State Physics,
Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Sitter
- Institute of Semiconductor and
Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse
69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics,
Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute of Semiconductor and
Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse
69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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10
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Balakrishnan K, Sayyad AS, Myhre G, Mataka S, Pau S. Multi-mode waveguides from ultra-long self-assembled hexagonal faceted microtubules of a benzothiadiazole molecule. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11668-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Djuric T, Hernandez-Sosa G, Schwabegger G, Koini M, Hesser G, Arndt M, Brinkmann M, Sitter H, Simbrunner C, Resel R. Alternately deposited heterostructures of α-sexithiophene–para-hexaphenyl on muscovite mica(001) surfaces: crystallographic structure and morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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