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Mallik S, Chand Pal S, Acharyya S, Verma SP, Mandal A, Guha PK, Das MC, Goswami DK. MOF-Assimilated High-Sensitive Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Rapid Detection of a Chemical Warfare Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37317896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The selective and rapid detection of trace amounts of highly toxic chemical warfare agents has become imperative for efficiently using military and civilian defense. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of inorganic-organic hybrid porous material that could be potential next-generation toxic gas sensors. However, the growth of a MOF thin film for efficiently utilizing the material properties for fabricating electronic devices has been challenging. Herein, we report a new approach to efficiently integrate MOF as a receptor through diffusion-induced ingress into the grain boundaries of the pentacene semiconducting film in the place of the most adaptive chemical functionalization method for sensor fabrication. We used bilayer conducting channel-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) as a sensing platform comprising CPO-27-Ni as the sensing layer, coated on the pentacene layer, showed a strong response toward sensing of diethyl sulfide, which is one of the stimulants of bis (2-chloroethyl) sulfide, a highly toxic sulfur mustard (HD). Using OFET as a sensing platform, these sensors can be a potential candidate for trace amounts of sulfur mustard detection below 10 ppm in real time as wearable devices for onsite uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Mallik
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shyam Chand Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Snehanjan Acharyya
- Advance Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Shiv Prakash Verma
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ajoy Mandal
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Guha
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Advance Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Madhab C Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Goswami
- School of Nano Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Lama S, Subedi S, Ramesh S, Shin K, Lee YJ, Kim JH. Synthesis and Characterization of MnO 2@Cellulose and Polypyrrole-Decorated MnO 2@Cellulose for the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7313. [PMID: 36295378 PMCID: PMC9606964 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have been threatening human civilization and its existence because of their rapid response, toxic, and irreversible nature. The hybrid nanostructured composites were synthesized by the hydrothermal process to detect the dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP), a simulant of G-series nerve agents, especially sarin. Cellulose (CE), manganese oxide cellulose (MnO2@CE), and MnO2@CE/polypyrrole (PPy) exhibited a frequency shift of 0.4, 4.8, and 8.9 Hz, respectively, for a DMMP concentration of 25 ppm in the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). In surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor, they exhibited 187 Hz, 276 Hz, and 78 Hz, respectively. A comparison between CE, MnO2@CE, and MnO2@CE/PPy demonstrated that MnO2@CE/PPy possesses excellent linearity with a coefficient of determination (COD or R2) of 0.992 and 0.9547 in the QCM and SAW sensor. The hybrid composite materials showed a reversible adsorption and desorption phenomenon in the reproducibility test. The response and recovery times indicated that MnO2@CE/PPy showed the shortest response (~23 s) and recovery times (~42 s) in the case of the QCM sensor. Hence, the pristine CE and its nanostructured composites were compared to analyze the sensing performance based on sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, reproducibility, and response and recovery times to detect the simulant of nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeb Lama
- Laboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sumita Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sivalingam Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Kyeongho Shin
- Laboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Lee
- Laboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Intelligent Devices and Thermal Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Fei T, Liu S, Zhang T. The synergistic effects of oxygen vacancy engineering and surface gold decoration on commercial SnO 2 for ppb-level DMMP sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:2703-2717. [PMID: 34774322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The metal oxides-based chemiresitive gas sensors have attracted enormous interest because of their exellent sensing perforamcnes, which have emerged as very promising candidates for gas monitoring. However, from the view of organophosphorus compounds detection, a unique combination of low detection limit and fast respons/recovery rate remainschallenging. Herein, the synersgitic effects of oxygen vacancy engineering and surface gold decoration enabling excellent sensing performances for detection of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP, a typical organophosphorus) is reported. To demonstrate the proof of concept, Au nanoparticles (NPs) decorated oxygen vacancy-enriched SnO2 hybrids (designated as Au-O-SnO2) were designedas sensing materials, where the O-SnO2 samples were fabricated by introduction of oxygen vacancies onto commercial SnO2 through organometallic chemistry-assisted approach using (CH3)2SnCl2 as precursor, followed by deposition of Au NPs by an in-situ reduction routine. After optimizing Au NPs content in hybrids (1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 7 wt%), O-SnO2 decorated with 5 wt% Au NPs (designated as Au-O-SnO2-5) exhibits excellent DMMP sensing performances, such as, an enhanced recoverable response of 1.67 to 680 ppb DMMP, low detection limit of 4.8 ppb, shortresponse time of 26 s and recoverytime of 32 s, as well as good selectivity, which are much better than that of commercial SnO2 (C-SnO2) and O-SnO2, and Au NPs decorated C-SnO2. Based on the detailed investigation, the enhanced DMMP sensing performances of Au-O-SnO2 hybrids can be mainly ascribed to the synergistic effect of increasing surface active sites induced by oxygen vacancies, the chemical and electronic sensitization of Au NPs. As a result, Au-O-SnO2-5 hybrids display relatively low activation energy of 24.11 kJ/mol for DMMP oxidization, which is lower than that of O-SnO2 (35.54 kJ/mol). Our results provide a feasible method for boosting sensing performances for DMMP detection, paving new way for fabrication of metal oxides-based gas sensors for rapid detection of trace organic compounds with complexed structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Wu H, Yuan Y, Wu Q, Bu X, Hu L, Li X, Wang X, Liu W. A dimethyl methylphonate sensor based on HFIPPH modified SWCNTs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:165505. [PMID: 35008068 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac49c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to meet the requirements of ultra-fast real-time monitoring of sarin simulator with high sensitivity and selectivity, it is of great significance to develop high performance dimethyl methylphonate (DMMP) sensor. Herein, we proposed a DMMP sensor based on p-hexafluoroisopropanol phenyl (HFIPPH) modified self-assembled single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with field effect transistor (FET) structure. The self-assembly method provides a 4 nanometres thick and micron sized SWCNT channel, with high selectivity to DMMP. The proposed SWCNTs-HFIPPH based sensor exhibits remarkably higher response to DMMP than bare SWCNT based gas sensor within only few seconds. The gas sensing response of SWCNTs-HFIPPH based sensor for 1 ppm DMMP is 18.2%, and the response time is about 10 s. What's more, the gas sensor we proposed here shows excellent selectivity and reproducibility, and the limitation of detection is as low as ppb level. The proposed method lays the foundation for miniaturization and integration of DMMP sensors, expecting to develop detection system for practical sarin sensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi'an City, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Yuan
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi'an City, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi'an City, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrui Bu
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi'an City, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Hu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi'an City, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Microelectronics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- The Key Lab of Micro-Nano Electronics and System Integration of Xi'an City, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
- Research Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Zhejiang 311215, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zeng Z, Zeng G, Xiao R, Wang Y, Hu Y, Tang L, Feng C. Sensors for the environmental pollutant detection: Are we already there? Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Zehra N, Kalita A, Malik AH, Barman U, Adil Afroz M, Iyer PK. Conjugated Polymer-Based Electrical Sensor for Ultratrace Vapor-Phase Detection of Nerve Agent Mimics. ACS Sens 2020; 5:191-198. [PMID: 31876402 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the vital need to strengthen the national security emanating from chemical threats, a low-cost, portable ultrasensitive electrical sensor for real-time monitoring of diethylchlorophosphate (DCP) (nerve gas mimic) has been developed. The device consists of a "simple to be fabricated" two-terminal resistor and an electronic combinational circuit for rapid onsite detection of lethal nerve gas vapors with high degree of accuracy in milliseconds. This device is a smart readout electronic model that detects ultratrace DCP vapors by bright visual alerts from light-emitting diode (LED) and loud alarm signal without the need for employing a sophisticated instrument. To obtain high sensitivity and discriminating response, a novel amine-functionalized conjugated polymer (CP) is designed as a sensory channel material for two-terminal sensor. The low-powered poly(3-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine) (PFPDA) fabricated two-terminal electrical sensor is tested at ambient conditions, which shows excellent sensitivity toward nerve gas mimic DCP, with a rapid response in 3 s and a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 5.88 ppb. The amine moiety of PFPDA CP plays a vital role in redox interaction between the semiconductor CP and organophosphates, which ultimately leads to the amplified current signal. The redox interactions occurring among the organophosphate analytes and the amine functional group on the PFPDA backbone provided insights into the mechanism of sensing, which formed the basis of the excellent sensitivity and discriminating ability of this sensor device. The newly designed PFPDA CP-based portable electrical sensor device demonstrates a key contribution in the field of portable electronics for defense safety and environmental monitoring applications.
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Colorimetric determination of nine metal ions based on the de-aggregation of papain-functionalized gold nanoparticles and using three chelating agents. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:854. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-4028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Zhou W, Guan H, Sun K, Xing Y, Zhang J. FeOOH/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites with an Islands-in-Sea Structure toward Combined Photothermal/Chemodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2708-2714. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Haidi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kaiyao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuxin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Road, Chongqing 400044, China
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Idros N, Chu D. Triple-Indicator-Based Multidimensional Colorimetric Sensing Platform for Heavy Metal Ion Detections. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1756-1764. [PMID: 30193067 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are highly toxic at trace levels and their pollution has shown great threat to the environment and public health worldwide where current detection methods require expensive instrumentation and laborious operation, which can only be accomplished in centralized laboratories. Herein, we report a low-cost, paper-based microfluidic analytical device (μPAD) for facile, portable, and disposable monitoring of mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, copper, and iron ions. Triple indicators or ligands that contain ions or molecules are preloaded on the μPADs and upon addition of a metal ion, the colorimetric indicators will elicit color changes observed by the naked eyes. The color features were quantitatively analyzed in a three-dimensional space of red, green, and blue or the RGB-space using digital imaging and color calibration techniques. The sensing platform offers higher accuracy for cross references, and is capable of simultaneous detection and discrimination of different metal ions in even real water samples. It demonstrates great potential for semiquantitative and even qualitative analysis with a sensitivity below the safe limit concentrations, and a controlled error range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhayati Idros
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Lot 106, 108 & 110, Tingkat 1, Block A, Taman Pertiwi Indah, Jalan Kangar-Alor Setar, Seriab, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Daping Chu
- Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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Han H, Cho S. Ex Situ Fabrication of Polypyrrole-Coated Core-Shell Nanoparticles for High-Performance Coin Cell Supercapacitor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E726. [PMID: 30223476 PMCID: PMC6164064 DOI: 10.3390/nano8090726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silica-conducting polymer (SiO₂-CP) has the advantages of high electrical conductivity, structural stability, and the facile formation of thin-film. This work deals with the preparation and optimization of polypyrrole (PPy)-encapsulated silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) using an ex situ method. The SiO₂-PPy core-shell NPs prepared by the ex situ method are well dispersed in water and facilitate the mass production of thin-film electrodes with improved electrical and electrochemical performances using a simple solution process. As-prepared SiO₂-PPy core-shell NPs with different particle sizes were applied to electrode materials for two-electrode supercapacitors based on coin cell batteries. It was confirmed that the areal capacitance (73.1 mF/cm²), volumetric capacitance (243.5 F/cm³), and cycling stability (88.9% after 5000 cycles) of the coin cell employing the ex situ core-shell was superior to that of the conventional core-shell (4.2 mF/cm², 14.2 mF/cm³, and 82.2%). Considering these facts, the ex situ method provides a facile way to produce highly-conductive thin-film electrodes with enhanced electrical and electrochemical properties for the coin cell supercapacitor application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoseong Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
| | - Sunghun Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.
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12
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Recent development in hybrid conducting polymers: Synthesis, applications and future prospects. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Qiao L, Qian S, Wang Y, Yan S, Lin H. Carbon‐Dots‐Based Lab‐On‐a‐Nanoparticle Approach for the Detection and Differentiation of Antibiotics. Chemistry 2018; 24:4703-4709. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li'na Qiao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Sihua Qian
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Yan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE)Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
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Park SJ, Park CS, Yoon H. Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E155. [PMID: 30970834 PMCID: PMC6432045 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Joo Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea.
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea.
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea.
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15
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Chandran GT, Li X, Ogata A, Penner RM. Electrically Transduced Sensors Based on Nanomaterials (2012-2016). Anal Chem 2016; 89:249-275. [PMID: 27936611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girija Thesma Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Alana Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Reginald M Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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16
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Gopalan A, Muthuchamy N, Komathi S, Lee KP. A novel multicomponent redox polymer nanobead based high performance non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 84:53-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Leng Y, Qian S, Wang Y, Lu C, Ji X, Lu Z, Lin H. Single-indicator-based Multidimensional Sensing: Detection and Identification of Heavy Metal Ions and Understanding the Foundations from Experiment to Simulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25354. [PMID: 27146105 PMCID: PMC4857083 DOI: 10.1038/srep25354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional sensing offers advantages in accuracy, diversity and capability for the simultaneous detection and discrimination of multiple analytes, however, the previous reports usually require complicated synthesis/fabrication process and/or need a variety of techniques (or instruments) to acquire signals. Therefore, to take full advantages of this concept, simple designs are highly desirable. Herein, a novel concept is conceived to construct multidimensional sensing platforms based on a single indicator that has capability of showing diverse color/fluorescence responses with the addition of different analytes. Through extracting hidden information from these responses, such as red, green and blue (RGB) alterations, a triple-channel-based multidimensional sensing platform could consequently be fabricated, and the RGB alterations are further applicable to standard statistical methods. As a proof-of-concept study, a triple-channel sensing platform is fabricated solely using dithizone with assistance of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for hyperchromicity and sensitization, which demonstrates superior capabilities in detection and identification of ten common heavy metal ions at their standard concentrations of wastewater-discharge of China. Moreover, this sensing platform exhibits promising applications in semi-quantitative and even quantitative analysis individuals of these heavy metal ions with high sensitivity as well. Finally, density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the foundations for this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Leng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Sihua Qian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ji
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Zhiwen Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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18
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Tuning SnO 2 architectures with unitary or composite microstructure for the application of gas sensors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 462:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Lee JS, Kim SG, Cho S, Jang J. Porous palladium coated conducting polymer nanoparticles for ultrasensitive hydrogen sensors. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:20665-20673. [PMID: 26598964 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen, a clean-burning fuel, is of key importance to various industrial applications, including fuel cells and in the aerospace and automotive industries. However, hydrogen gas is odorless, colorless, and highly flammable; thus appropriate safety protocol implementation and monitoring are essential. Highly sensitive hydrogen leak detection and surveillance sensor systems are needed; additionally, the ability to maintain uniformity through repetitive hydrogen sensing is becoming increasingly important. In this report, we detail the fabrication of porous palladium coated conducting polymer (3-carboxylate polypyrrole) nanoparticles (Pd@CPPys) to detect hydrogen gas. The Pd@CPPys are produced by means of facile alkyl functionalization and chemical reduction of a pristine 3-carboxylate polypyrrole nanoparticle-contained palladium precursor (PdCl(2)) solution. The resulting Pd@CPPy-based sensor electrode exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity (0.1 ppm) and stability toward hydrogen gas at room temperature due to the palladium sensing layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seop Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
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20
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Pan L, Sun S, Zhang A, Jiang K, Zhang L, Dong C, Huang Q, Wu A, Lin H. Truly Fluorescent Excitation-Dependent Carbon Dots and Their Applications in Multicolor Cellular Imaging and Multidimensional Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7782-7. [PMID: 26487302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Truly fluorescent excitation-dependent carbon dots are prepared, and the relationship between their chemical composition and fluorescent emission is discussed. Furthermore, potential applications of the as-prepared carbon dots to multicolor bio-labeling and multidimodal sensing are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Aidi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing Materials of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
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21
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Chen Y, Liu B, Liu Q, Wang J, Li Z, Jing X, Liu L. Coaxial CoMoO4 nanowire arrays with chemically integrated conductive coating for high-performance flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15159-15167. [PMID: 26257017 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02961a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors have offered promising applications as novel energy storage devices based on their merits, such as small size, low cost, light weight and high wearability for high-performance portable electronics. However, one major challenge to make flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors depends on the improvement of electrode materials with higher electrical conductivity properties and longer cycling stability. In this article, we put forward a simple strategy to in situ synthesize 1D CoMoO4 nanowires (NWs), using highly conductive CC and an electrically conductive PPy wrapping layer on CoMoO4 NW arrays for high performance electrode materials. The results show that the CoMoO4/PPy hybrid NW electrode exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of ca. 1.34 F cm(-2) at a current density of 2 mA cm(-2), which is remarkably better than the corresponding values for a pure CoMoO4 NW electrode of 0.7 F cm(-2). An excellent cycling performance of nanocomposites of up to 95.2% (ca. 1.12 F cm(-2)) is achieved after 2000 cycles compared to pristine CoMoO4 NWs. In addition, we fabricate flexible all-solid-state ASC which can be cycled reversibly in the voltage range of 0-1.7 V, and exhibits a maximum energy density of 104.7 W h kg(-1) (3.522 mW h cm(-3)), demonstrating great potential for practical applications in flexible energy storage electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P.R. China.
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22
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Lee JS, Oh J, Jun J, Jang J. Wireless Hydrogen Smart Sensor Based on Pt/Graphene-Immobilized Radio-Frequency Identification Tag. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7783-90. [PMID: 26060881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen, a clean-burning fuel, is of key importance to various industrial applications, including fuel cells and the aerospace and automotive industries. However, hydrogen gas is odorless, colorless, and highly flammable; thus, appropriate safety protocol implementation and monitoring are essential. Highly sensitive hydrogen-gas leak detection and surveillance systems are needed; additionally, the ability to monitor large areas (e.g., cities) via wireless networks is becoming increasingly important. In this report, we introduce a radio frequency identification (RFID)-based wireless smart-sensor system, composed of a Pt-decorated reduced graphene oxide (Pt_rGO)-immobilized RFID sensor tag and an RFID-reader antenna-connected network analyzer to detect hydrogen gas. The Pt_rGOs, produced using a simple chemical reduction process, were immobilized on an antenna pattern in the sensor tag through spin coating. The resulting Pt_rGO-based RFID sensor tag exhibited a high sensitivity to hydrogen gas at unprecedentedly low concentrations (1 ppm), with wireless communication between the sensor tag and RFID-reader antenna. The wireless sensor tag demonstrated flexibility and a long lifetime due to the strong immobilization of Pt_rGOs on the substrate and battery-independent operation during hydrogen sensing, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seop Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU) , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jungkyun Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU) , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Jun
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU) , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU) , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Lee JS, Oh J, Kim SG, Jang J. Highly Sensitive and Selective Field-Effect-Transistor NonEnzyme Dopamine Sensors Based on Pt/Conducting Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2399-2406. [PMID: 25604239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), as one of catecholamine family of neurotransmitters, is crucially important in humans owing to various critical effects on biometric system such as brine circuitry, neuronal plasticity, organization of stress responses, and control of cardiovascular and renal organizations. Abnormal level of dopamine in the central nervous system causes several neurological diseases, e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and attention deficit hybperactivity disorder (ADHD)/attention deficit disorder (ADD). In this report, we suggest the fabrication of nonenzyme field effect transistor (FET) sensor composed of immobilized Pt particle decorated conducting-polymer (3-carboxylate polypyrrole) nanoparticles (Pt_CPPy) to detect dopamine. The hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) are produced by means of facile chemical reduction of pristine CPPyNP-contained Pt precursor (PtCl4 ) solution. The Pt_CPPys are then immobilized on an amine-functionalized (-NH2 ) interdigitated-array electrode substrate, through the formation of covalent bonds with amine groups (-CONH). The resulting Pt_CPPy-based FET sensors exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity toward DA at unprecedentedly low concentrations (100 × 10(-15) m) and among interfering biomolecules, respectively. Additionally, due to the covalent bonding involved in the immobilization process, a longer lifetime is expected for the FET sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Seop Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jungkyun Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Sung Gun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jyongsik Jang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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24
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Xie J, Jiang J, Davoodi P, Srinivasan MP, Wang CH. Electrohydrodynamic atomization: A two-decade effort to produce and process micro-/nanoparticulate materials. Chem Eng Sci 2015; 125:32-57. [PMID: 25684778 PMCID: PMC4322784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA), also called electrospray technique, has been studied for more than one century. However, since 1990s it has begun to be used to produce and process micro-/nanostructured materials. Owing to the simplicity and flexibility in EHDA experimental setup, it has been successfully employed to generate particulate materials with controllable compositions, structures, sizes, morphologies, and shapes. EHDA has also been used to deposit micro- and nanoparticulate materials on surfaces in a well-controlled manner. All these attributes make EHDA a fascinating tool for preparing and assembling a wide range of micro- and nanostructured materials which have been exploited for use in pharmaceutics, food, and healthcare to name a few. Our goal is to review this field, which allows scientists and engineers to learn about the EHDA technique and how it might be used to create, process, and assemble micro-/nanoparticulate materials with unique and intriguing properties. We begin with a brief introduction to the mechanism and setup of EHDA technique. We then discuss issues critical to successful application of EHDA technique, including control of composition, size, shape, morphology, structure of particulate materials and their assembly. We also illustrate a few of the many potential applications of particulate materials, especially in the area of drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Next, we review the simulation and modeling of Taylor cone-jet formation for a single and co-axial nozzle. The mathematical modeling of particle transport and deposition is presented to provide a deeper understanding of the effective parameters in the preparation, collection and pattering processes. We conclude this article with a discussion on perspectives and future possibilities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Pooya Davoodi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - M. P. Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585
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25
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Shin DH, Lee JS, Jun J, Kim SG, Jang J. Detection of hazardous gas using multidemensional porous iron oxide nanorods-decorated carbon nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:1746-1751. [PMID: 25569462 DOI: 10.1021/am507314t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional porous iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanorods-decorated carbon nanoparticles (MPFCNPs) were fabricated using a dual-nozzle electrospray, thermal stirring, and heat treatment. Polypyrrole (PPy) NPs with FeOOH nanorods were synthesized by electrospraying Fe(3+) ions, which were adsorbed on the PPy NP surface; the adsorbed Fe(3+) ions reacted with NaOH to create FeOOH nuclei, and then followed thermal stirring grow nanorods without aggregation. MPFCNPs were fabricated through heat treatment, with the porous structure created in the Fe2O3 nanorods by hydroxyl group decomposition. The size of the MPFCNPs and the length of the porous Fe2O3 nanorods were controlled by the PPy NP template and concentration of initiator solution, respectively. The MPFCNPs were then utilized as a chemical sensor transducer for NO2 gas detection at room temperature. The response of the MFPCNP sensor was highly sensitive, displaying a minimum detectable level of 1 ppm; this detection level is lower than that of organic-inorganic hybrid sensors. Moreover, sensitivity also improved with decreasing the diameter of MPFCNPs and increasing Fe2O3 nanorod length. The enhanced sensitivity was attributed to the larger surface area presented by the particle size and the porous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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26
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Wang L, Huang H, Xiao S, Cai D, Liu Y, Liu B, Wang D, Wang C, Li H, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang T. Enhanced sensitivity and stability of room-temperature NH₃ sensors using core-shell CeO₂ nanoparticles@cross-linked PANI with p-n heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14131-40. [PMID: 25036558 DOI: 10.1021/am503286h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a room-temperature NH3 gas sensor with high response and great long-term stability, including CeO2 NPs conformally coated by cross-linked PANI hydrogel. Such core-shell nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization with different weight ratios of CeO2 NPs and aniline. At room temperature, the nanohybrids showed enhanced response (6.5 to 50 ppm of NH3), which could be attributed to p-n junctions formed by the intimate contact between these two materials. Moreover, the stability was discussed in terms of phytic acid working as a gelator, which helped the PANI sheath accommodate itself and enhance the mechanical strength and chemical stability of the sensors by avoiding "swelling effect" in high relative humidity. The sensors maintained its sensing characteristic (response of ca. 6.5 to 50 ppm of NH3) in 15 days. Herein, the obtained results could help to accelerate the development of ammonia gas sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University , Xiamen, China
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27
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Govindhan M, Adhikari BR, Chen A. Nanomaterials-based electrochemical detection of chemical contaminants. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10399h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring and food safety applications are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aicheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Lakehead University
- Thunder Bay, Canada
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