1
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Jiao Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Du Y, Zhu Y, Ji J, Liu X, Liu K. Effect of the Surface Peak-Valley Features on Droplet Impact Dynamics under Leidenfrost Temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:20773-20782. [PMID: 39291359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the kinetic behavior of droplets impacting microtextured surfaces under a Leidenfrost temperature, employing high-speed photography and picosecond laser micromachining techniques. The investigation focuses on two types of microtextured surfaces with totally different surface peak-valley features: a negatively skewed surface with micropit arrays (Ssk < 0) and a positively skewed surface with micropillar arrays (Ssk > 0). The results indicate that both microtextured surfaces contribute to a higher Leidenfrost temperature compared with the original smooth surface, which is consistent with previous studies. However, it is worth noting that the Leidenfrost points of the micropit and micropillar surfaces showed opposite trends with the microtexture area occupancy. Specifically, the Leidenfrost temperature on micropit surfaces increases with greater micropit area occupancy, while it decreases on micropillar surfaces under similar conditions, which is mainly attributed to the differential impact of area occupancy on droplet heat transfer efficiency. When the microtexture area occupancy is 50%, it is worth noting that the micropit and micropillar surfaces have nearly same roughness (Sa), but the Leidenfrost temperature was notably higher on the micropit surface with negative skewness (Ssk < 0), which was related to differences in vapor flow dynamics. We further find that the Weber number (We) significantly influences the Leidenfrost point, with the droplet impact wall behavior going through the states of film bounce back, ejecting tiny droplets and bounce back, and ultimately droplet breakup as the We increases. The dynamic Leidenfrost point was found to be generally higher than the static point and increases with the We. Finally, we compare the cooling efficiency of these surfaces, and it is found that the micropit surfaces with a negative skewness exhibit superior heat dissipation performance under the same conditions, which proved that the negatively skewed surface may have great potential in high-density heat dissipation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Jiao
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yuhang Guo
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yu Du
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yongqing Zhu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jiawei Ji
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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2
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Wang S, Ok JT, Park S, Elsharafi M, Guo Y. A Simplified Model for the Study of Film-Boiling Droplet Motion on Microscale Ratchets. APPLIED MECHANICS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 5:91-101. [PMID: 39170914 PMCID: PMC11336455 DOI: 10.3390/applmech5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we explore a simplified model based on both analytical and computational methods for the study of film-boiling droplet motion on microscale ratchets. We consider a specific ratchet design with the length periods and depth of ratchets much smaller than the size of the droplet. We conclude based on our modeling that for the ratchet configuration considered in this paper, the conduction within the vapor film is the dominant means of heat transfer in comparison with convection and radiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate a more manageable two-dimensional model in which analytical approaches coupled with computational approaches yield reasonably accurate results in comparison to the actual experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Wang
- McCoy College of Science, Mathematics & Engineering, Midwestern State University, a Member of the Texas Tech University System, Wichita Falls, TX 76308, USA
| | - Jeong Tae Ok
- Electromechanical Engineering Technology, Shawnee State University, 940 Second Street, Portsmouth, OH 45662, USA
| | - Sunggook Park
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3290M Patrick F. Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Mahmoud Elsharafi
- McCoy College of Science, Mathematics & Engineering, Midwestern State University, a Member of the Texas Tech University System, Wichita Falls, TX 76308, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- McCoy College of Science, Mathematics & Engineering, Midwestern State University, a Member of the Texas Tech University System, Wichita Falls, TX 76308, USA
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3
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Hou L, Liu X, Ge X, Hu R, Cui Z, Wang N, Zhao Y. Designing of anisotropic gradient surfaces for directional liquid transport: Fundamentals, construction, and applications. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100508. [PMID: 37753526 PMCID: PMC10518492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological surfaces are capable of transporting liquids in a directional manner without energy consumption. Inspired by nature, constructing asymmetric gradient surfaces to achieve desired droplet transport, such as a liquid diode, brings an incredibly valuable and promising area of research with a wide range of applications. Enabled by advances in nanotechnology and manufacturing techniques, biomimetics has emerged as a promising avenue for engineering various types of anisotropic material system. Over the past few decades, this approach has yielded significant progress in both fundamental understanding and practical applications. Theoretical studies revealed that the heterogeneous composition and topography mainly govern the wetting mechanisms and dynamics behavior of droplets, including the interdisciplinary aspects of materials, chemistry, and physics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various biological surfaces that exhibit anisotropic droplet transport. We discussed the theoretical foundations and mechanisms of droplet motion on designed surfaces and reviewed recent research advances in droplet directional transport on designed plane surfaces and Janus membranes. Such liquid-diode materials yield diverse promising applications, involving droplet collection, liquid separation and delivery, functional textiles, and biomedical applications. We also discuss the recent challenges and ongoing approaches to enhance the functionality and application performance of anisotropic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineer, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinran Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhimin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nü Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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4
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Guo Y, Liu X, Ji J, Wang Z, Hu X, Zhu Y, Zhang T, Tao T, Liu K, Jiao Y. Delayed Leidenfrost Effect of a Cutting Droplet on a Microgrooved Tool Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37390023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulation over the generation of the Leidenfrost phenomenon in liquids is vitally important in a cutting fluid/tool system, with benefits ranging from optimizing the heat transfer efficiency to improving the machining performance. However, realizing the influence mechanism of liquid boiling at various temperatures still faces enormous challenges. Herein, we report a kind of microgrooved tool surface by laser ablation, which could obviously increase both the static and dynamic Leidenfrost point of cutting fluid by adjusting the surface roughness (Sa). The physical mechanism that delays the Leidenfrost effect is primarily due to the ability of the designed microgroove surface to store and release vapor during droplet boiling so that the heated surface requires higher temperatures to generate sufficient vapor to suspend the droplet. We also find six typical impact regimes of cutting fluid under various contact temperatures; it is worth noting that Sa has a great influence on the transform threshold among six impact regimes, and the likelihood that a droplet will enter the Leidenfrost regime decreases with increasing Sa. In addition, the synergistic effect of Sa and tool temperature on the droplet kinetics of cutting droplets is investigated, and the relationship between the maximum rebound height and the dynamic Leidenfrost point is correlated for the first time. Significantly, cooling experiments on the heated microgrooved surface are performed and demonstrate that it is effective to improve the heat dissipation ability of cutting fluid by delaying the Leidenfrost effect on the microgrooved heated surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Guo
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jiawei Ji
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhaochang Wang
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xidong Hu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yongqing Zhu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tongtong Tao
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yunlong Jiao
- Institute of Tribology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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5
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Wang X, Xu B, Guo S, Zhao Y, Chen Z. Droplet impacting dynamics: Recent progress and future aspects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 317:102919. [PMID: 37216871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Droplet impact behaviours are widely applied in a variety of domains including self-cleaning, painting and coating, corrosion of turbine blades and aircraft, separation and oil repellency, anti-icing, heat transfer and droplet electricity generation, etc. The wetting behaviours and impact dynamics of droplets on solid and liquid surfaces involve complex solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interfacial interactions. The modulation of droplet dynamics by means of specific surface morphology and hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterns, which in turn can be derived to related applications, is one of the current promising interests in the interfacial effect modulating droplet dynamics. This review provides a detailed overview of several scientific aspects of droplet impact behaviours and heat transfer processes influenced by multiple factors. Firstly, the essential wetting theory and the fundamental parameters of impinging droplets are introduced. Secondly, the effects of different parameters on the dynamic behaviours and heat transfer of impinging droplet are discussed. Finally, the potential applications are listed. Existing concerns and challenges are summarized and future perspectives are provided to address poorly understood and conflicting issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenqian Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Solar Energy Science and Technology, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China.
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6
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Li A, Li H, Lyu S, Zhao Z, Xue L, Li Z, Li K, Li M, Sun C, Song Y. Tailoring vapor film beneath a Leidenfrost drop. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2646. [PMID: 37156802 PMCID: PMC10167315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For a drop on a very hot solid surface, a vapor film will form beneath the drop, which has been discovered by Leidenfrost in 1756. The vapor escaping from the Leidenfrost film causes uncontrollable flows, and actuates the drop to move around. Recently, although numerous strategies have been used to regulate the Leidenfrost vapor, the understanding of surface chemistry for modulating the phase-change vapor dynamics remains incomplete. Here, we report how to rectify vapor by "cutting" the Leidenfrost film using chemically heterogeneous surfaces. We demonstrate that the segmented film cut by a Z-shaped pattern can spin a drop, since the superhydrophilic region directly contacts the drop and vaporizes the water, while a vapor film is formed on the superhydrophobic surrounding to jet vapor and reduce heat transfer. Furthermore, we reveal the general principle between the pattern symmetry design and the drop dynamics. This finding provides new insights into the Leidenfrost dynamics modulation, and opens a promising avenue for vapor-driven miniature devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huizeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Sijia Lyu
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luanluan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Center for Combustion Energy, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yanlin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China.
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7
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Lee J, Mohraz A, Won Y. Enhanced Capillary Wicking through Hierarchically Porous Constructs Derived from Bijel Templates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14063-14072. [PMID: 36342818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Liquid capillarity through porous media can be enhanced by a rational design of hierarchically porous constructs that suggest sufficiently large liquid pathways from an upper-level hierarchy as well as capillary pressure enabled by a lower hierarchy. Here, we demonstrate a material design strategy utilizing a new class of self-assembled soft materials, called bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels), to produce hierarchically porous copper, which enables the unique combination of unprecedented control over both macropores and mesopores in a regular, uniform, and continuous arrangement. The dynamic droplet topologies on the hierarchically copper pores prove the significant enhancement in liquid capillarity compared to homogeneous porous structures. The role of nanoscale morphology in liquid infiltration is further investigated through environmental scanning electron microscopy, in which wetting through the mesopores occurs at the beginning, followed by liquid transport through macropores. This understanding on capillary wicking will allow us to design better hierarchically porous media that can address performance breakthroughs in interfacial applications, ranging from battery electrodes, cell delivery in biomedical devices, to capillary-fed thermal management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggyu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Ali Mohraz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Yoonjin Won
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
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8
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Du Y, Wu T, Li XL, Zhou WL, Ding C, Yang YQ, Wei JG, Lu X, Xie H, Qu JP. Efficient fabrication of tilt micro/nanopillars on polypropylene surface with robust superhydrophobicity for directional water droplet rebound. iScience 2022; 25:105107. [PMID: 36204271 PMCID: PMC9529960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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9
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Cai Z, Wang B, Liu S, Li H, Luo S, Dong Z, Wang Y. Enhancing Boiling Heat Transfer on a Superheated Surface by Surfactant-Laden Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10375-10384. [PMID: 35980332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boiling, one of the most common phase-change heat transfer methods, is widely used in nuclear power plants, spacecraft, integrated circuits, and other situations, where rapid and efficient heat transfer is crucial. However, boiling heat transfer is efficient only in a specific surface temperature range when a droplet impacts a superheated surface. Here, we enhance the boiling heat transfer and extend this temperature range by adding a tiny amount of surfactant. We find that surfactants can weaken the Kelvin effect of boiling bubbles, and thus reduce the onset of boiling driven temperature and significantly enhance the maximum vaporization rate of the droplet effectively. In particular, different from previous studies, we find that the surfactants at lower concentrations can increase the Leidenfrost temperature of the droplets. All the above effects jointly expand the temperature range of effective boiling heat transfer. This study sheds new light on the role of surfactants in the boiling process and offers a new medium to promote heat-transfer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Haofei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kim K, Park K, Nam H, Kim GH, Hong SK, Kim S, Woo H, Yoon S, Kim JH, Lim G. Fabrication of Oblique Submicron-Scale Structures Using Synchrotron Hard X-ray Lithography. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071045. [PMID: 33810563 PMCID: PMC8037242 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oblique submicron-scale structures are used in various aspects of research, such as the directional characteristics of dry adhesives and wettability. Although deposition, etching, and lithography techniques are applied to fabricate oblique submicron-scale structures, these approaches have the problem of the controllability or throughput of the structures. Here, we propose a simple X-ray-lithography method, which can control the oblique angle of submicron-scale structures with areas on the centimeter scale. An X-ray mask was fabricated by gold film deposition on slanted structures. Using this mask, oblique ZEP520A photoresist structures with slopes of 20° and 10° and widths of 510 nm and 345 nm were fabricated by oblique X-ray exposure, and the possibility of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molding was also confirmed. In addition, through double exposure with submicron- and micron-scale X-ray masks, dotted-line patterns were produced as an example of multiscale patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Kyungjin Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea;
| | - Hyoryung Nam
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea;
| | - Geon Hwee Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1, Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28644, Korea;
| | - Seong Kyung Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Hyeonsu Woo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seungbin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jong Hyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Geunbae Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea; (K.K.); (S.K.H.); (S.K.); (H.W.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (G.L.)
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11
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Yi P, Thurgood P, Nguyen N, Abdelwahab H, Petersen P, Gilliam C, Ghorbani K, Pirogova E, Tang SY, Khoshmanesh K. Oscillation and self-propulsion of Leidenfrost droplets enclosed in cylindrical cavities. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8854-8860. [PMID: 33026037 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01153c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leidenfrost droplets can be considered as soft engines capable of directly transforming heat into mechanical energy. Despite remarkable advancements in understanding the propulsion of Leidenfrost droplets on asymmetric structures, the complex dynamics of droplets in enclosed structures is not fully understood. To address this fundamental gap, we investigated the dynamics of Leidenfrost droplets restricted by metal disks. The disk alters the accumulation and release of the vapour generated by the droplet, and substantially changes its dynamic characteristics. Our experiments reveal the formation of oscillating multi-lobed structures when restricting the droplet within a disk. In comparison, patterning offset radial grooves on the surface of the disk rectifies the vapour flow and facilitates the self-propulsion of the droplet along the edge of the disk. Our work offers opportunities for developing soft and short-living actuators, which can operate at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyshar Yi
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Haneen Abdelwahab
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Phred Petersen
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher Gilliam
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Kamran Ghorbani
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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12
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Dai H, Dong Z, Jiang L. Directional liquid dynamics of interfaces with superwettability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb5528. [PMID: 32917681 PMCID: PMC11206479 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural creatures use their surface structures to control directional liquid dynamics for survival. Learning from nature, artificial superwetting materials have triggered technological revolutions in many disciplines. To improve controllability, researchers have attempted to use external fields, such as thermal, light, magnetic, and electric fields, to assist or achieve controllable liquid dynamics. Emerging directional liquid transport applications have prosperously advanced in recent years but still present some challenges. This review discusses and summarizes the field of directional liquid dynamics on natural creatures and artificial surfaces with superwettabilities and ventures to propose several potential strategies to construct directional liquid transport systems for fog collection, 3D printing, energy devices, separation, soft machine, and sensor devices, which are useful for driving liquid transport or motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101407, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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13
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Liu C, Legchenkova I, Han L, Ge W, Lv C, Feng S, Bormashenko E, Liu Y. Directional Droplet Transport Mediated by Circular Groove Arrays. Part I: Experimental Findings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9608-9615. [PMID: 32787135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of liquid droplets is crucial for various applications including water harvesting, anti-icing, and condensation heat transfer. Here, bouncing of water droplets with patterned superhydrophobic surfaces composed of circular equidistant grooves was studied. The directional transport of droplets toward the pole of the grooves was observed. The impact of the Weber number, initial polar distance r, and geometrical parameters of the surface on the directional droplet bouncing was experimentally explored. The nature of bouncing was switched when the Weber numbers exceeded We ≅ 20-25. The rebouncing height was slightly dependent on the initial polar coordinate of the impact point for a fixed We, whereas it grew for We > 20. The weak dependence of the droplet spreading time on the Weber number was close to the dependence predicted by the Hertz bouncing, thus evidencing the negligible influence of viscosity in the process. Change in the scaling exponent describing the dependence of the normalized spreading time on the Weber number was registered for We ≅ 25. The universal dependence of the offset distance ΔL of the droplets on the Weber number ΔL/D0 ∼ We1.5 was established. The normalized offset distance decreased with the normalized initial polar distance as ΔL/D0 ∼ (r/S)-1, where D0 and S are the droplet diameter and groove width, respectively. This research may yield more insights into droplet bouncing on patterned surfaces and offer more options in directed droplet transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Irina Legchenkova
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Libao Han
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenna Ge
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Cunjing Lv
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shile Feng
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Edward Bormashenko
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Yahua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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14
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Liu C, Sun K, Lu C, Su J, Han L, Wang Z, Liu Y. One-step process for dual-scale ratchets with enhanced mobility of Leidenfrost droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 569:229-234. [PMID: 32113020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Droplet depositing onto hot surfaces above the so-called Leidenfrost temperature will float on a cushion of its own vapor. The vapor flow below the drop could be rectified by asymmetric surface textures, resulting the self-propelled droplet motion. Asymmetric structures like ratchets are used to rectify Leidenfrost droplet movement. Hence, it is possible to enhance the droplet mobility using surfaces with combined asymmetric macro/micro-structures. EXPERIMENTS Continuous scale-like microcraters stacked end-to-end were fabricated on steel surfaces by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The crater orientation always vectored towards the machining direction (MD), which oriented the droplet motion. Further, by integrating micro and macro-ratchets, dual-scale ratchets were constructed by one-step process using WEDM. The travelling velocities of Leidenfrost droplets on dual-scale and traditional single-scale ratchets were compared and the enhanced mechanism on dual-scale ratchets was analyzed. FINDINGS One-step process was developed to fabricate transport platforms for Leidenfrost droplets, that continuous scale-like microcraters formed simultaneously on the macroratchets. The highest droplet travelling velocity was achieved compared to previous research. Further study shows that the enhanced drop mobility is attributed to the dual-scale roughness which endows a larger propelling force. This finding presents a high-efficiency method to fabricate transport platforms for Leidenfrost droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chenguang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junpeng Su
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Libao Han
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non-traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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15
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Liu M, Li J, Zhou X, Li J, Feng S, Cheng Y, Wang S, Wang Z. Inhibiting Random Droplet Motion on Hot Surfaces by Engineering Symmetry-Breaking Janus-Mushroom Structure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907999. [PMID: 32078203 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating impacting droplets onto a localized hotspot and inducing them to remain in a preferential heat transfer mode is essential for efficient thermal management such as spray cooling. Conventionally, droplets impacting on hot surfaces can randomly bounce off without becoming fully evaporated, resulting in low heat transfer efficiency. Although the directional and guided transport of impacting droplets to a preferential location can be achieved through the introduction of a structural gradient, the manifestation of such a motion requires the meticulous control of the spatial location where the droplet is released. Here, a novel surface consisting of regularly patterned posts with Janus-mushroom structure (JMS) is designed, in which the sidewalls of the individual posts are decorated with straight and curved morphologies. It is revealed that such structural symmetry-breaking in the individual posts leads to directional liquid penetration and vapor flow toward the straight sidewall, and also reduces the work of adhesion, altogether triggering collective and preferential droplet transport at a high temperature. By surrounding a conventional surface with JMS endowed with favorable directionality, it is possible to concentrate small impacting droplets preferentially onto a localized hotspot to achieve enhanced cooling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shile Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yaqi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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16
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Li J, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Hao C, Zhao F, Li M, Tang H, Ye W, Wang Z. Rectification of Mobile Leidenfrost Droplets by Planar Ratchets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1901751. [PMID: 31231945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The self-transportation of mobile Leidenfrost droplets with well-defined direction and velocity on millimetric ratchets is one of the most representative and spectacular phenomena in droplet dynamics. Despite extensive progress in the ability to control the spatiotemporal propagation of droplets, it remains elusive how the individual ratchet units, as well as the interactions within their arrays, are translated into the collective droplet dynamics. Here, simple planar ratchets characterized by uniform height normal to the surface are designed. It is revealed that on planar ratchets, the transport dynamics of Leidenfrost droplets is dependent not only on individual units, but also on the elegant coordination within their arrays dictated by their topography. The design of planar ratchets enriches the fundamental understanding of how the surface topography is translated into dynamic and collective droplet transport behaviors, and also imparts higher applicability in microelectromechanical system based fluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chonglei Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fuwang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Minfei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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17
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Lu Y, Shen Y, Tao J, Wu Z, Chen H, Jia Z, Xu Y, Xie X. Droplet Directional Movement on the Homogeneously Structured Superhydrophobic Surface with the Gradient Non-Wettability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:880-888. [PMID: 31939676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface with the gradient non-wettability intensely appeals to researchers because of its academic significance and applications for directional droplet movement. Herein, we developed a homogeneous structure superhydrophobic surface with the gradient non-wettability by a combination strategy of chemical etching and vapor diffusion modification. As a consequence, the as-prepared surface exhibits a remarkable gradient characteristic of water repellency, and the water contact angle is mainly located within the range of 162 ± 0.5 to 149 ± 0.4°. Meanwhile, the sliding angle also exhibits a corresponding change from 3 to 11°. On this basis, the gradient characteristic of non-wettability induces the distinguishing droplet adhesion on the surface, that is, from 19 μN for the most hydrophobic end to 57 μN for the opposite one. Because of the difference of the water adhesion force, droplets on the as-prepared surface can well roll alongside a specific direction (i.e., gradient direction of non-wettability). In terms of dynamic impact droplets, they can rapidly rebound off the sample surface with the short contact time of 12.8 ms, and the finally fallen droplets mainly deviate toward weaker regions because of water repellency. To analyze this phenomenon, it is found that the asymmetric mechanic behavior is mainly caused by the unbalanced retraction force between the both ends of the impact droplet. This work provides a novel strategy to construct the homogeneous structure superhydrophobic surface with the gradient non-wettability for the applications in the droplet movement control or transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Shen
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Tao
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites , 30# Puzhu South Rd. , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Chen
- Department of Materials Chemistry , Qiuzhen School, Huzhou University , 759# East 2nd Road , Huzhou 313000 , P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Jia
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Yangjiangshan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- College of Materials Science and Technology , Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 29# Yudao Street , Nanjing 210016 , P. R. China
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18
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Masigol M, Fattahi N, Barua N, Lokitz BS, Retterer ST, Platt TG, Hansen RR. Identification of Critical Surface Parameters Driving Lectin-Mediated Capture of Bacteria from Solution. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2852-2863. [PMID: 31150217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-functional interfaces are useful for isolation of bacteria from solution because they are low-cost and allow nondestructive, reversible capture. This study provides a systematic investigation of physical and chemical surface parameters that influence bacteria capture over lectin-functionalized polymer interfaces and then applies these findings to construct surfaces with significantly enhanced bacteria capture. The designer block copolymer poly(glycidyl methacrylate)- block-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) was used as a lectin attachment layer, and lectin coupling into the polymer film through azlactone-lectin coupling reactions was first characterized. Here, experimental parameters including polymer areal chain density, lectin molecular weight, and lectin coupling buffer were systematically varied to identify parameters driving highest azlactone conversions and corresponding lectin surface densities. To introduce physical nanostructures into the attachment layer, nanopillar arrays (NPAs) of varied heights (300 and 2100 nm) were then used to provide an underlying surface template for the functional polymer layer. Capture of Escherichia coli on lectin-polymer surfaces coated over both flat and NPA surfaces was then investigated. For flat polymer interfaces, bacteria were detected on the surface after incubation at a solution concentration of 103 cfu/mL, and a corresponding detection limit of 1.7 × 103 cfu/mL was quantified. This detection limit was 1 order of magnitude lower than control lectin surfaces functionalized with standard, carbodiimide coupling chemistry. NPA surfaces containing 300 nm tall pillars further improved the detection limit to 2.1 × 102 cfu/mL, but also reduced the viability of captured cells. Finally, to investigate the impact of cell surface parameters on capture, we used Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells genetically modified to allow manipulation of exopolysaccharide adhesin production levels. Statistical analysis of surface capture levels revealed that lectin surface density was the primary factor driving capture, as opposed to exopolysaccharide adhesin expression. These findings emphasize the critical importance of the synthetic interface and the development of surfaces that combine high lectin densities with tailored physical features to drive high levels of capture. These insights will aid in design of biofunctional interfaces with physicochemical surface properties favorable for capture and isolation of bacteria cells from solutions.
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19
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Li J, Li J, Sun J, Feng S, Wang Z. Biological and Engineered Topological Droplet Rectifiers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806501. [PMID: 30697833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The power of the directional and spontaneous transport of liquid droplets is revealed through ubiquitous biological processes and numerous practical applications, where droplets are rectified to achieve preferential functions. Despite extensive progress, the fundamental understanding and the ability to exploit new strategies to rectify droplet transport remain elusive. Here, the latest progress in the fundamental understanding as well as the development of engineered droplet rectifiers that impart superior performance in a wide variety of working conditions, ranging from low temperature, ambient temperature, to high temperature, is discussed. For the first time, a phase diagram is formulated that naturally connects the droplet dynamics, including droplet formation modes, length scales, and phase states, with environmental conditions. Parallel approaches are then taken to discuss the basic physical mechanisms underlying biological droplet rectifiers, and a variety of strategies and manufacturing routes for the development of robust artificial droplet rectifiers. Finally, perspectives on how to create novel man-made rectifiers with functionalities beyond natural counterparts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shile Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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20
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Wang Y, Wang R, Zhou Y, Huang Z, Wang J, Jiang L. Directional Droplet Propulsion on Gradient Boron Nitride Nanosheet Grid Surface Lubricated with a Vapor Film below the Leidenfrost Temperature. ACS NANO 2018; 12:11995-12003. [PMID: 30457835 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlled propulsion of liquid droplets on a solid surface offers important applications in various fields, including fog harvesting, heat transfer, microfluidics, and microdevice technologies. The propulsion of the liquid droplet is realized only if the driven force exceeds the resistance force. Sometimes the directional propulsion of droplets only takes place at the Leidenfrost state to achieve enough lubrication for a vapor cushion. The thick vapor cushions levitate liquid droplets to reduce resistance force. However, it is still challenging to reduce the vapor cushion thickness and simultaneously realize the directional droplet's motion, especially below the Leidenfrost temperature. Here, a structurally hydrophobic boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) grid surface was constructed with a two-direction topographical gradient, i. e., the perpendicular altitude gradient and the horizontal density gradient. The polar nature of the B-N bonds results in intrinsic hydrophilicity of the boron nitride layer, which increases the Leidenfrost point and facilitates wetting even at high temperature. Much thinner vapor-lubricating layers are competent in the droplet's directional motion below the Leidenfrost temperature of the BNNS grid surface because the air gap trapped within boron nitride nanosheet grids acts as a part of the lubrication layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Jiangxi University of Science and Technology , Ganzhou , Jiangxi 341000 , China
| | - Ruixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Zhenguo Huang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2500 , Australia
| | - Jingming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , China
- Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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21
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Self-propulsion of Leidenfrost Drops between Non-Parallel Structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12018. [PMID: 28931942 PMCID: PMC5607289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explored self-propulsion of a Leidenfrost drop between non-parallel structures. A theoretical model was first developed to determine conditions for liquid drops to start moving away from the corner of two non-parallel plates. These conditions were then simplified for the case of a Leidenfrost drop. Furthermore, ejection speeds and travel distances of Leidenfrost drops were derived using a scaling law. Subsequently, the theoretical models were validated by experiments. Finally, three new devices have been developed to manipulate Leidenfrost drops in different ways.
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22
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Binks BP. Colloidal Particles at a Range of Fluid-Fluid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6947-6963. [PMID: 28478672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of solid particles residing at fluid-fluid interfaces has become an established area in surface and colloid science recently, experiencing a renaissance since around 2000. Particles at interfaces arise in many industrial products and processes such as antifoam formulations, crude oil emulsions, aerated foodstuffs, and flotation. Although they act in many ways like traditional surfactant molecules, they offer distinct advantages also, and the area is now multidisciplinary, involving research in the fundamental science and potential applications. In this Feature Article, the flavor of some of this interest is given on the basis of recent work from our own group and includes the behavior of particles at oil-water, air-water, oil-oil, air-oil, and water-water interfaces. The materials capable of being prepared by assembling various kinds of particles at fluid interfaces include particle-stabilized emulsions, particle-stabilized aqueous and oil foams, dry liquids, liquid marbles, and powdered emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P Binks
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
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23
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Mrinal M, Wang X, Luo C. Self-Rotation-Induced Propulsion of a Leidenfrost Drop on a Ratchet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6307-6313. [PMID: 28582621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A Leidenfrost drop is capable of self-propelling on a ratchet, which consists of asymmetric teeth. In this work, the corresponding movements were first experimentally investigated. Because the detected motion could not be interpreted using existing propulsive mechanisms, a new propulsive mechanism was then developed, followed by force analysis using a scaling law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjarik Mrinal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington , 500 W. First Street, Woolf Hall 226, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington , 500 W. First Street, Woolf Hall 226, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington , 500 W. First Street, Woolf Hall 226, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Cao M, Jin X, Peng Y, Yu C, Li K, Liu K, Jiang L. Unidirectional Wetting Properties on Multi-Bioinspired Magnetocontrollable Slippery Microcilia. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606869. [PMID: 28401597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, a smart fluid-controlled surface is designed, via the rational integration of the unique properties of three natural examples, i.e., the unidirectional wetting behaviors of butterfly's wing, liquid-infused "slippery" surface of the pitcher plant, and the motile microcilia of micro-organisms. Anisotropic wettability, lubricated surfaces, and magnetoresponsive microstructures are assembled into one unified system. The as-prepared surface covered by tilted microcilia achieves significant unidirectional droplet adhesion and sliding. Regulating by external magnet field, the directionality of ferromagnetic microcilia can be synergistically switched, which facilitates a continuous and omnidirectional-controllable water delivery. This work opens an avenue for applications of anisotropic wetting surfaces, such as complex-flow distribution and liquid delivery, and extend the design approach of multi-bioinspiration integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyuan Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xu Jin
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Cunming Yu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kan Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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25
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Zhong L, Guo Z. Effect of surface topography and wettability on the Leidenfrost effect. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6219-6236. [PMID: 28470271 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01845b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When deposited on a superheated surface, a droplet can be levitated by its own vapour layer, a phenomenon that is referred to as the Leidenfrost effect. This dynamic effect has attracted interest for many potential applications, such as cooling, drag reduction and drop transport. A lot of effort has been paid to this mechanism over the past two and half centuries. Herein, we not only review the classical theories but also present the most recent theoretical advances in understanding the Leidenfrost effect. We first review the basic theories of the Leidenfrost effect, which mainly focuses on the relationship between the drop shape, vapour layer and lifetime. Then, the shift in the Leidenfrost point realized by fabricating special surface textures is introduced and the mechanisms behind this are analyzed. Furthermore, we present the reasons for the droplet transport in both classical Leidenfrost and pseudo-Leidenfrost regimes. Finally, the promising breakthroughs of the Leidenfrost effect are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieshuang Zhong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Nano-inspired smart interfaces: fluidic interactivity and its impact on heat transfer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45323. [PMID: 28345613 PMCID: PMC5366894 DOI: 10.1038/srep45323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interface-inspired convection is a key heat transfer scheme for hot spot cooling and thermal energy transfer. An unavoidable trade-off of the convective heat transfer is pressure loss caused by fluidic resistance on an interface. To overcome this limitation, we uncover that nano-inspired interfaces can trigger a peculiar fluidic interactivity, which can pursue all the two sides of the coin: heat transfer and fluidic friction. We demonstrate the validity of a quasi-fin effect of Si-based nanostructures based on conductive capability of heat dissipation valid under the interactivity with fluidic viscous sublayer. The exclusive fluid-interface friction is achieved when the height of the nanostructures is much less than the thickness of the viscous sublayers in the turbulent regime. The strategic nanostructures show an enhancement of heat transfer coefficients in the wall jet region by more than 21% without any significant macroscale pressure loss under single-phase impinging jet. Nanostructures guaranteeing fluid access via an equivalent vacancy larger than the diffusive path length of viscid flow lead to local heat transfer enhancement of more than 13% at a stagnation point. Functional nanostructures will give shape to possible breakthroughs in heat transfer and its optimization can be pursued for engineered systems.
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27
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Farokhnia N, Sajadi SM, Irajizad P, Ghasemi H. Decoupled Hierarchical Structures for Suppression of Leidenfrost Phenomenon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2541-2550. [PMID: 28221808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermal management of high temperature systems through cooling droplets is limited by the existence of the Leidenfrost point (LFP), at which the formation of a continuous vapor film between a hot solid and a cooling droplet diminishes the heat transfer rate. This limit results in a bottleneck for the advancement of the wide spectrum of systems including high-temperature power generation, electronics/photonics, reactors, and spacecraft. Despite a long time effort on development of surfaces for suppression of this phenomenon, this limit has only shifted to higher temperatures, but still exists. Here, we report a new multiscale decoupled hierarchical structure that suppress the Leidenfrost state and provide efficient heat dissipation at high temperatures. The architecture of these structures is composed of a nanomembrane assembled on top of a deep micropillar structure. This architecture allows to independently tune the involved forces and to suppress LFP. Once a cooling droplet contacts these surfaces, by rerouting the path of vapor flow, the cooling droplet remains attached to the hot solid substrates even at high temperatures (up to 570 °C) for heat dissipation with no existence of Leidenfrost phenomenon. These new surfaces offer unprecedented heat dissipation capacity at high temperatures (2 orders of magnitude higher than the other state-of-the-art surfaces). We envision that these surfaces open a new avenue in thermal management of high-temperature systems through spray cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Farokhnia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, United States
| | - Seyed Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, United States
| | - Peyman Irajizad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, United States
| | - Hadi Ghasemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston , 4726 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-4006, United States
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28
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Shang W, Deng S, Feng S, Xing Y, Hou Y, Zheng Y. One-step fabricated wettable gradient surface for controlled directional underwater oil-droplet transport. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28710g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled self-propelling of the underwater oil droplet is achieved by a one-step anodic oxidation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Siyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shile Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yongping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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29
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Xing Y, Wang S, Feng S, Shang W, Deng S, Wang L, Hou Y, Zheng Y. Controlled transportation of droplets and higher fog collection efficiency on a multi-scale and multi-gradient copper wire. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05534j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Via a one-step gradient anodic oxidation, copper wire with a multi-scale structure and a multi-gradient was fabricated and controlled self-propelling of droplet was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shile Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Siyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yongping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Environment
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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30
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Li D, Feng S, Xing Y, Deng S, Zhou H, Zheng Y. Directional bouncing of droplets on oblique two-tier conical structures. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The directional bouncing of droplets occurs on oblique two-tier conical structures, and the horizontal displacement is related to the oblique angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Shile Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Siyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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31
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Musin A, Grynyov R, Frenkel M, Bormashenko E. Self-propulsion of a metallic superoleophobic micro-boat. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 479:182-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Li J, Hou Y, Liu Y, Hao C, Li M, Chaudhury MK, Yao S, Wang Z. Directional transport of high-temperature Janus droplets mediated by structural topography. NATURE PHYSICS 2016; 12:606-612. [DOI: 10.1038/nphys3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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33
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Hao C, Liu Y, Chen X, Li J, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Bioinspired Interfacial Materials with Enhanced Drop Mobility: From Fundamentals to Multifunctional Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1825-1839. [PMID: 26865317 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioinspired interfacial materials with enhanced drop mobility that mimic the innate functionalities of nature will have a significant impact on the energy, environment and global healthcare. Despite extensive progress, state of the art interfacial materials have not reached the level of maturity sufficient for industrial applications in terms of scalability, stability, and reliability. These are complicated by their operating environments and lack of facile approaches to control the local structural texture and chemical composition at multiple length scales. The recent advances in the fundamental understanding are reviewed, as well as practical applications of bioinspired interfacial materials, with an emphasis on the drop bouncing and coalescence-induced jumping behaviors. Perspectives on how to catalyze new discoveries and to foster technological adoption to move this exciting area forward are also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglei Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yahua Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
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34
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Wettability and Coalescence of Cu Droplets Subjected to Two-Wall Confinement. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15190. [PMID: 26459952 PMCID: PMC4602311 DOI: 10.1038/srep15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling droplet dynamics via wettability or movement at the nanoscale is a significant goal of nanotechnology. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we study the wettability and spontaneous coalescence of Cu droplets confined in two carbon walls. We first focus on one drop in the two-wall confinement to reveal confinement effects on wettability and detaching behavior of metallic droplets. Results show that Cu droplets finally display three states: non-detachment, semi-detachment and full detachment, depending on the height of confined space. The contact angle ranges from 125° to 177°, and the contact area radius ranges from 12 to ~80 Å. The moving time of the detached droplet in the full detachment state shows a linear relationship with the height of confined space. Further investigations into two drops subjected to confinement show that the droplets, initially distant from each other, spontaneously coalesce into a larger droplet by detachment. The coalescing time and final position of the merged droplet are precisely controlled by tailoring surface structures of the carbon walls, the height of the confined space or a combination of these approaches. These findings could provide an effective method to control the droplet dynamics by confinement.
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35
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Horne JE, Lavrik NV, Terrones H, Fuentes-Cabrera M. Extrapolating Dynamic Leidenfrost Principles to Metallic Nanodroplets on Asymmetrically Textured Surfaces. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11769. [PMID: 26123648 PMCID: PMC4485316 DOI: 10.1038/srep11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to enhance our knowledge on how to control the movement of metallic nanodroplets, here we have used classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate whether Cu nanostructures deposited on nanopillared substrates can be made to jump at desired angles. We find that such control is possible, especially for Cu nanostructures that are symmetric; for asymmetric nanostructures, however, control is more uncertain. The work presented here borrows ideas from two seemingly different fields, metallic droplets and water droplets in the dynamic Leidenfrost regime. Despite the differences in the respective systems, we find common ground in their behavior on nanostructured surfaces. Due to this, we suggest that the ongoing research in Leidenfrost droplets is a fertile area for scientists working on metallic nanodroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Horne
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics &Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, 12180 NY, USA
| | - Nickolay V Lavrik
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics &Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, 12180 NY, USA
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- 1] Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA [2] Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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36
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Charlton JJ, Lavrik N, Bradshaw JA, Sepaniak MJ. Wicking nanopillar arrays with dual roughness for selective transport and fluorescence measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:17894-17901. [PMID: 25247442 DOI: 10.1021/am504604j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanopillars are important building elements for innovative nanoscale systems with unique optical, wetting, and chemical separation functionalities. However, technologies for creating expansive pillars arrays on the submicron scale are often complex and with practical time, cost, and method limitations. Herein we demonstrate the rapid fabrication of nanopillar arrays using the thermal dewetting of Pt films with thicknesses in the range from 5 to 19 nm followed by anisotropic reactive ion etching (RIE) of the substrate materials. A second level of roughness on the sub-30 nm scale is added by overcoating the silicon nanopillars with a conformal layer of porous silicon oxide (PSO) using room temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). This technique produced environmentally conscious, economically feasible, expansive nanopillar arrays with a production pathway scalable to industrial demands. The arrays were systematically analyzed for size, density, and variability of the pillar dimensions. We show that these stochastic arrays exhibit rapid wicking of various fluids and, when functionalized with a physiosorbed layer of silicone oil, act as a superhydrophobic surface. We also demonstrate high brightness fluorescence and selective transport of model dye compounds on surfaces of the implemented nanopillar arrays with two-tier roughness. The demonstrated combination of functionalities creates a platform with attributes inherently important for advanced separations and chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Charlton
- The University of Tennessee Knoxville , Department of Chemistry, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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37
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Liu C, Ju J, Ma J, Zheng Y, Jiang L. Directional drop transport achieved on high-temperature anisotropic wetting surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:6086-6091. [PMID: 25066230 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of ambient-temperature superhydrophilic tilting silicon nanowires (TSNWs) exhibit an anisotropic wetting performance at high temperature and a deposited drop moves directionally on this surface. A vapor film forming beneath the drop after spreading reduces the surface friction and the heat transfer efficiency between the drop and the surface, so the drop moves with a constant speed and little mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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38
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Agapov RL, Boreyko JB, Briggs DP, Srijanto BR, Retterer ST, Collier CP, Lavrik NV. Length scale of Leidenfrost ratchet switches droplet directionality. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:9293-9. [PMID: 24986190 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of tilted pillars with characteristic heights spanning from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers were created using wafer level processing and used as Leidenfrost ratchets to control droplet directionality. Dynamic Leidenfrost droplets on the ratchets with nanoscale features were found to move in the direction of the pillar tilt while the opposite directionality was observed on the microscale ratchets. This remarkable switch in the droplet directionality can be explained by varying contributions from the two distinct mechanisms controlling droplet motion on Leidenfrost ratchets with nanoscale and microscale features. In particular, asymmetric wettability of dynamic Leidenfrost droplets upon initial impact appears to be the dominant mechanism determining their directionality on tilted nanoscale pillar arrays. By contrast, asymmetric wetting does not provide a strong enough driving force compared to the forces induced by asymmetric vapour flow on arrays of much taller tilted microscale pillars. Furthermore, asymmetric wetting plays a role only in the dynamic Leidenfrost regime, for instance when droplets repeatedly jump after their initial impact. The point of crossover between the two mechanisms coincides with the pillar heights comparable to the values of the thinnest vapor layers still capable of cushioning Leidenfrost droplets upon their initial impact. The proposed model of the length scale dependent interplay between the two mechanisms points to the previously unexplored ability to bias movement of dynamic Leidenfrost droplets and even switch their directionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Agapov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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