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Moghazy MA. Leidenfrost green synthesis method for MoO 3 and WO 3 nanorods preparation: characterization and methylene blue adsorption ability. BMC Chem 2023; 17:5. [PMID: 36793122 PMCID: PMC9933396 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a critical issue due to its impact on humans and other organisms. An important demand nowadays is the need for a green method to synthesize nanoparticles to remove pollutants. Therefore, this study focuses for the first time on synthesizing the MoO3 and WO3 nanorods using the green and self-assembled Leidenfrost method. The XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR analyses were used to characterize the yield powder. The XRD results emphasize the formation of WO3 and MoO3 in nanoscale with crystallite sizes 46.28 and 53.05 nm and surface area 2.67 and 24.72 m2 g-1, respectively. A comparative study uses synthetic nanorods as adsorbents to adsorb methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. A batch adsorption experiment was performed to investigate the effects of adsorbent doses, shaking time, solution pH and dye concentration to remove MB dye. The results demonstrate that the optimal removal was achieved at pH 2 and 10 with 99% for WO3 and MoO3, respectively. The experimental isothermal data follow Langmuir for both adsorbents with a maximum adsorption capacity of 102.37 and 151.41 mg g-1 for WO3 and MoO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A. Moghazy
- grid.417764.70000 0004 4699 3028Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials Lab., Aswan University, Aswan, 81528 Egypt
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Saneie N, Kulkarni V, Fezzaa K, Patankar NA, Anand S. Boiling Transitions During Droplet Contact on Superheated Nano/Micro-Structured Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:15774-15783. [PMID: 35343695 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating surface topography is one of the most promising strategies for increasing the efficiency of numerous industrial processes involving droplet contact with superheated surfaces. In such scenarios, the droplets may immediately boil upon contact, splash and boil, or could levitate on their own vapor in the Leidenfrost state. In this work, we report the outcomes of water droplets coming in gentle contact with designed nano/microtextured surfaces at a wide range of temperatures as observed using high-speed optical and X-ray imaging. We report a paradoxical increase in the Leidenfrost temperature (TLFP) as the texture spacing is reduced below a critical value (∼10 μm) that represents a minima in TLFP. Although droplets on such textured solids appear to boil upon contact, our studies suggest that their behavior is dominated by hydrodynamic instabilities implying that the increase in TLFP may not necessarily lead to enhanced heat transfer. On such surfaces, the droplets display a new regime characterized by splashing accompanied by a vapor jet penetrating through the droplets before they transition to the Leidenfrost state. We provide a comprehensive map of boiling behavior of droplets over a wide range of texture spacings that may have significant implications toward applications such as electronics cooling, spray cooling, nuclear reactor safety, and containment of fire calamities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Saneie
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Varun Kulkarni
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Kamel Fezzaa
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 United States
| | - Neelesh A Patankar
- Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Sushant Anand
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Fedick PW, Iyer K, Wei Z, Avramova L, Capek GO, Cooks RG. Screening of the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization in High-Throughput and in Leidenfrost Droplet Experiments. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2144-2151. [PMID: 31392703 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki cross-coupling is a widely performed reaction, typically using metal catalysts under heated conditions. Acceleration of the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction has been previously explored in microdroplets using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Building upon previous work, presented here is the use of a high-throughput DESI-MS screening system to identify optimal reaction conditions. Multiple reagents, bases, and stoichiometries were screened using the automated system at rates that approach 10,000 reaction mixture systems per hour. The DESI-MS system utilizes reaction acceleration in microdroplets to allow rapid screening. The results of screening of an array of reaction mixtures using this technique are presented as product ion images via standard MS imaging software, facilitating quick readout. Instructive comparisons are provided with another method of generating droplets for reaction acceleration-the Leidenfrost technique. Acceleration factors greater than 200 were measured for brominated substrates, paralleling the DESI-MS results. Acceleration factors dropped to near unity with highly substituted pyridines, attributable to a steric effect. The reaction proceeded in the absence of a base in Leidenfrost droplets although no product formation was seen without base in the bulk or in the DESI-MS screening experiments. These differences between Leidenfrost chemistry and the bulk and in droplets formed in high-throughput DESI are tentatively attributed to extremes of pH associated with the surfaces of Leidenfrost droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W Fedick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Research Department, Chemistry Division, United States Navy-Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), China Lake, CA, 93555, USA
| | - Kiran Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Larisa Avramova
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Grace O Capek
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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El-Nagar GA, Delikaya Ö, Lauermann I, Roth C. Platinum Nanostructure Tailoring for Fuel Cell Applications Using Levitated Water Droplets as Green Chemical Reactors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:22398-22407. [PMID: 31150204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring of nanostructured materials with well-controlled morphologies and their integration into valuable applications in a facile, cheap, and green way remain a key challenge. Herein, platinum nanoparticles as well as Pt-polymer nanocomposites with unique shapes, including flower-, needle-, porous-, and worm-like structures, were synthesized and simultaneously deposited on a three-dimensional carbon substrate and carbon nanofibers in one step using a levitated, overheated water drop as a green, rotating chemical reactor. Sprinkling of a metal aqueous solution on a hot surface results in its sudden evaporation and creates an overheated zone along with the water self-ionization (i.e., charge separation) at the hot interface. These generated Leidenfrost conditions are believed to induce a series of chemical reactions involving the used solvent and counterions, resulting in the nanoparticles formation. Besides, the in situ generated basic conditions in the vicinity of the liquid-vapor interface due to the loss of hydronium ions into the vapor layer could also play a role in the mechanism of the nanoparticles formation, e.g., by discharging. The as-prepared Pt nanostructures exhibited a superior catalytic activity and stability toward the desired direct formic acid oxidation (essential anodic reaction in fuel cells) into CO2 without generating CO poisoning intermediates compared to the state-of-the-art commercial PtC electrode. The addressed nanotailoring technique is believed to be a promising, inexpensive, and scalable way for the sustainable manufacture of well-designed nanomaterials for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gumaa A El-Nagar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , 12613 Cairo , Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Öznur Delikaya
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Iver Lauermann
- PvcomB , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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Kruse C, Somanas I, Anderson T, Wilson C, Zuhlke C, Alexander D, Gogos G, Ndao S. Self‑propelled droplets on heated surfaces with angled self‑assembled micro/nanostructures. Microfluid Nanofluidics 2015; 18:1417-1424. [PMID: 30410430 PMCID: PMC6219395 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-014-1540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Directional and ratchet-like functionalized surfaces can induce liquid transport without the use of an external force. In this paper, we investigate the motion of liquid droplets near the Leidenfrost temperature on functionalized self-assembled asymmetric microstructured surfaces. The surfaces, which have angled microstructures, display unidirectional properties. The surfaces are fabricated on stainless steel through the use of a femtosecond laser-assisted process. Through this process, mound-like microstructures are formed through a combination of material ablation, fluid flow, and material redeposition. In order to achieve the asymmetry of the microstructures, the femtosecond laser is directed at an angle with respect to the sample surface. Two surfaces with microstructures angled at 45° and 10° with respect to the surface normal were fabricated. Droplet experiments were carried out with deionized water and a leveled hot plate to characterize the directional and self-propelling properties of the surfaces. It was found that the droplet motion direction is opposite of that for a surface with conventional ratchet microstructures reported in the literature. The new finding could not be explained by the widely accepted mechanism of asymmetric vapor flow. A new mechanism for a self-propelled droplet on asymmetric three-dimensional self-assembled microstructured surfaces is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Kruse
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Isra Somanas
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Troy Anderson
- Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Chris Wilson
- Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Craig Zuhlke
- Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dennis Alexander
- Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - George Gogos
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sidy Ndao
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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