1
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Liu L, Ma M, Jiang L, Li Z, Osipov VY, Geng T, Xiao G, Bi H. The reversible piezochromic luminescence behavior of carbon dots under a cycle of loading/unloading pressure. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11327-11335. [PMID: 38804912 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have gained intensive interest owing to their small size, unique structure, excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties and broad applications. In particular, pressure-triggered irreversible piezochromic behavior of fluorescent CDs was previously reported and attributed to the sp2-sp3 transition in the carbon core or aggregation-induced emission under high pressure. Here, we report the reversible piezochromic behavior of microwave-heating synthesized CDs (named M-CDs) using ethylenediamine and aspartic acid as precursors. Under a loading/unloading cycle, the PL intensity of M-CDs decreased continuously with the pressure increasing from 101 kPa up to 20 GPa, and the maximum emission of M-CDs at 101 kPa (λmax = 550 nm) was slightly blue-shifted to 541 nm at 20 GPa, but when the pressure was released from 20 GPa to normal environmental conditions, both the emission wavelength and the PL intensity of M-CDs returned to their initial states at 101 kPa. The control sample was also synthesized using the same precursors but through a hydrothermal method and thus named H-CDs. Both H-CDs and M-CDs have similar particle sizes, morphology and excitation-dependent PL behavior under 101 kPa; however, H-CDs showed a typical piezochromic behavior with the emission blue-shifted from 518 to 491 nm when the pressure was increased from 101 kPa to 0.97 GPa, and then red-shifted from 491 to 530 nm when the pressure was increased up to 10.53 GPa. This irreversible behavior of H-CDs was accompanied by a 2-fold enhancement of their PL intensity after releasing the pressure. The remarkable different behaviors of M-CDs and H-CDs under a loading/unloading cycle are caused by different interior structures of M-CDs and H-CDs due to different synthetic processes, which is worthy of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Menghui Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zijian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Vladimir Yu Osipov
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- International Research and Educational Center for Physics of Nanostructures, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ting Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Guanjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Hong Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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2
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Kong J, Wei Y, Zhou F, Shi L, Zhao S, Wan M, Zhang X. Carbon Quantum Dots: Properties, Preparation, and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2002. [PMID: 38731492 PMCID: PMC11085940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots are a novel form of carbon material. They offer numerous benefits including particle size adjustability, light resistance, ease of functionalization, low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and high-water solubility, as well as their easy accessibility of raw materials. Carbon quantum dots have been widely used in various fields. The preparation methods employed are predominantly top-down methods such as arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical and chemical oxidation, as well as bottom-up methods such as templates, microwave, and hydrothermal techniques. This article provides an overview of the properties, preparation methods, raw materials for preparation, and the heteroatom doping of carbon quantum dots, and it summarizes the applications in related fields, such as optoelectronics, bioimaging, drug delivery, cancer therapy, sensors, and environmental remediation. Finally, currently encountered issues of carbon quantum dots are presented. The latest research progress in synthesis and application, as well as the challenges outlined in this review, can help and encourage future research on carbon quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (Y.W.); (F.Z.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (M.W.)
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3
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Lamba R, Yukta Y, Mondal J, Kumar R, Pani B, Singh B. Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Recent Advancements in Biomedical, Optoelectronics, Sensing, and Catalysis Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2086-2127. [PMID: 38512809 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs), a fascinating carbon-based nanomaterial (typical size 2-10 nm) owing to their superior optical properties, high biocompatibility, and cell penetrability, have tremendous applications in different interdisciplinary fields. Here, in this Review, we first explore the superiority of CNDs over other nanomaterials in the biomedical, optoelectronics, analytical sensing, and photocatalysis domains. Beginning with synthesis, characterization, and purification techniques, we even address fundamental questions surrounding CNDs such as emission origin and excitation-dependent behavior. Then we explore recent advancements in their applications, focusing on biological/biomedical uses like specific organelle bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, biosensing, and photothermal therapy. In optoelectronics, we cover CND-based solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and their role in LEDs and WLEDs. Analytical sensing applications include the detection of metals, hazardous chemicals, and proteins. In catalysis, we examine roles in photocatalysis, CO2 reduction, water splitting, stereospecific synthesis, and pollutant degradation. With this Review, we intend to further spark interest in CNDs and CND-based composites by highlighting their many benefits across a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Lamba
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Yukta Yukta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Jiban Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Balaram Pani
- Department of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110075, India
| | - Bholey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
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4
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Dong X, Liu Y, Adcock AF, Sheriff K, Liang W, Yang L, Sun YP. Carbon-TiO 2 Hybrid Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Inactivation of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2196. [PMID: 38396872 PMCID: PMC10889188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon-semiconductor hybrid quantum dots are classical carbon dots with core carbon nanoparticles doped with a selected nanoscale semiconductor. Specifically, on those with the nanoscale TiO2 doping, denoted as CTiO2-Dots, their synthesis and thorough characterization were reported previously. In this work, the CTiO2-Dots were evaluated for their visible light-activated antibacterial function, with the results showing the effective killing of not only Gram-positive but also the generally more resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The hybrid dots are clearly more potent antibacterial agents than their neat carbon dot counterparts. Mechanistically, the higher antibacterial performance of the CTiO2-Dots is attributed to their superior photoexcited state properties, which are reflected by the observed much brighter fluorescence emissions. Also considered and discussed is the possibility of additional contributions to the antibacterial activities due to the photosensitization of the nanoscale TiO2 by its doped core carbon nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (X.D.); (L.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Audrey F. Adcock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (X.D.); (L.Y.)
| | - Kirkland Sheriff
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Weixiong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; (X.D.); (L.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Hindi SS, Sabir JSM, Dawoud UM, Ismail IM, Asiry KA, Mirdad ZM, Abo-Elyousr KA, Shiboob MH, Gabal MA, Albureikan MOI, Alanazi RA, Ibrahim OHM. Nanocellulose-Based Passivated-Carbon Quantum Dots (P-CQDs) for Antimicrobial Applications: A Practical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2660. [PMID: 37376306 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Passivated-carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs) have been attracting great interest as an antimicrobial therapy tool due to their bright fluorescence, lack of toxicity, eco-friendly nature, simple synthetic schemes, and possession of photocatalytic functions comparable to those present in traditional nanometric semiconductors. Besides synthetic precursors, CQDs can be synthesized from a plethora of natural resources including microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Converting MCC into NCC is performed chemically via the top-down route, while synthesizing CODs from NCC can be performed via the bottom-up route. Due to the good surface charge status with the NCC precursor, we focused in this review on synthesizing CQDs from nanocelluloses (MCC and NCC) since they could become a potential source for fabricating carbon quantum dots that are affected by pyrolysis temperature. There are several P-CQDs synthesized with a wide spectrum of featured properties, namely functionalized carbon quantum dots (F-CQDs) and passivated carbon quantum dots (P-CQDs). There are two different important P-CQDs, namely 2,2'-ethylenedioxy-bis-ethylamine (EDA-CQDs) and 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA-CQDs), that have achieved desirable results in the antiviral therapy field. Since NoV is the most common dangerous cause of nonbacterial, acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, this review deals with NoV in detail. The surficial charge status (SCS) of the P-CQDs plays an important role in their interactions with NoVs. The EDA-CQDs were found to be more effective than EPA-CQDs in inhibiting the NoV binding. This difference may be attributed to their SCS as well as the virus surface. EDA-CQDs with surficial terminal amino (-NH2) groups are positively charged at physiological pH (-NH3+), whereas EPA-CQDs with surficial terminal methyl groups (-CH3) are not charged. Since the NoV particles are negatively charged, they are attracted to the positively charged EDA-CQDs, resulting in enhancing the P-CQDs concentration around the virus particles. The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found to be comparable to the P-CQDs in the non-specific binding with NoV capsid proteins, through complementary charges, π-π stacking, and/or hydrophobic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif S Hindi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal S M Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uthman M Dawoud
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal M Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Asiry
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair M Mirdad
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal A Abo-Elyousr
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Shiboob
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Gabal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Othman I Albureikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan A Alanazi
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer H M Ibrahim
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdullaziz University (KAU), P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Liang W, Sonkar SK, Saini D, Sheriff K, Singh B, Yang L, Wang P, Sun YP. Carbon Dots: Classically Defined versus Organic Hybrids on Shared Properties, Divergences, and Myths. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206680. [PMID: 36932892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots are defined as small carbon nanoparticles with effective surface passivation via organic functionalization. The definition is literally a description of what carbon dots are originally found for the functionalized carbon nanoparticles displaying bright and colorful fluorescence emissions, mirroring those from similarly functionalized defects in carbon nanotubes. In literature more popular than classical carbon dots are the diverse variety of dot samples from "one-pot" carbonization of organic precursors. On the two different kinds of samples from the different synthetic approaches, namely, the classical carbon dots versus those from the carbonization method, highlighted in this article are their shared properties and apparent divergences, including also explorations of the relevant sample structural and mechanistic origins for the shared properties and divergences. Echoing the growing evidence and concerns in the carbon dots research community on the major presence of organic molecular dyes/chromophores in carbonization produced dot samples, demonstrated and discussed in this article are some representative cases of dominating spectroscopic interferences due to the organic dye contamination that have led to unfound claims and erroneous conclusions. Mitigation strategies to address the contamination issues, including especially the use of more vigorous processing conditions in the carbonization synthesis, are proposed and justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India
| | - Kirkland Sheriff
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Buta Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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8
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Mohammadi A, Haghnazari N, Karami C. Green synthesized fluorescent carbon dots from oak apple for detection of efavirenz. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2023; 34:517. [PMID: 38625368 PMCID: PMC9918818 DOI: 10.1007/s10854-023-09929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a facile synthesis of fluorescence carbon dots (CDs) from local oak apple (O-CDs) in the mountainous region of Zagros was performed through hydrothermal treatment. The characterization of O-CDs was carried out by SEM, TEM, FTIR, EDX, Mapping, lain scan, and AFM, respectively. In addition, the fluorescence of CDs was quenched by efavirenz with a linear concentration of 10 to 450 μM, associated with the limit of detection of 3 μM. Subsequently, the CDs were successfully applied for efavirenz probing in blood plasma environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10854-023-09929-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Haghnazari
- Department of Medical Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Mohammadi A, Haghnazari N, Karami C. Nano-probe for determination of phenobarbital of green synthesized fluorescent carbon dots using Scrophularia striata. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2023; 34:251. [PMID: 38625370 PMCID: PMC9873533 DOI: 10.1007/s10854-022-09439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, using a thirsty plant extract and a simple hydrothermal method, a nano-probe was introduced to detect the phenobarbital based on fluorescence. Functional groups, particle size, surface morphology, and types of elements were identified using analysis such as FTIR, TEM, SEM, EDX, respectively. The excitation at 355 nm and emission intensity at 446 nm for nano-probe, the nano-probe shows that various parameters such as pH, temperature, and time were investigated for optimization conditions. After optimizing the factors affecting the sensor's response, a linear range between 0 and 750 µM with a detection limit of 5 µM was obtained. Then, the effect of interfering with other materials was investigated and finally, the ability of this sensor to measure the phenobarbital in real samples has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Haghnazari
- Department of Medical Science, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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10
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Stable Carbon Dots from Microwave-Heated Carbon Nanoparticles Generating Organic Radicals for In Situ Additions. Mol Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/c9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDots) are small carbon nanoparticles with effective surface passivation by organic functionalization. In the reported work, the surface functionalization of preexisting small carbon nanoparticles with N-ethylcarbazole (NEC) was achieved by the NEC radical addition. Due to the major difference in microwave absorption between the carbon nanoparticles and organic species such as NEC, the nanoparticles could be selectively heated via microwave irradiation to enable the hydrogen abstraction in NEC to generate NEC radicals, followed by in situ additions of the radicals to the nanoparticles. The resulting NEC-CDots were characterized by microscopy and spectroscopy techniques including quantitative proton and 13C NMR methods. The optical spectroscopic properties of the dot sample were found to be largely the same as those of CDots from other organic functionalization schemes. The high structural stability of NEC-CDots benefiting from the radical addition functionalization is highlighted and discussed.
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11
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Dutta J, Saikia S, Ahmed SA, Das PK. Influence of size and composition on fluorescence from carbonaceous nanoparticles. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Sousa DA, Ferreira LFV, Fedorov AA, do Rego AMB, Ferraria AM, Cruz AB, Berberan-Santos MN, Prata JV. Luminescent Carbon Dots from Wet Olive Pomace: Structural Insights, Photophysical Properties and Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196768. [PMID: 36235306 PMCID: PMC9573145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials endowed with significant luminescence have been synthesized for the first time from an abundant, highly localized waste, the wet pomace (WP), a semi-solid by-product of industrial olive oil production. Synthetic efforts were undertaken to outshine the photoluminescence (PL) of carbon nanoparticles through a systematic search of the best reaction conditions to convert the waste biomass, mainly consisting in holocellulose, lignin and proteins, into carbon dots (CDs) by hydrothermal carbonization processes. Blue-emitting CDs with high fluorescence quantum yields were obtained. Using a comprehensive set of spectroscopic tools (FTIR, Raman, XPS, and 1H/13C NMR) in combination with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, a rational depiction of WP-CDs structures and their PL properties was reached. WP-CDs show the up-conversion of PL capabilities and negligible cytotoxicity against two mammalian cell lines (L929 and HeLa). Both properties are excellent indicators for their prospective application in biological imaging, biosensing, and dynamic therapies driven by light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo A. Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal
- CQ-VR-Centro de Química-Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís F. V. Ferreira
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexander A. Fedorov
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. B. do Rego
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Ferraria
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adriana B. Cruz
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mário N. Berberan-Santos
- BSIRG-iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José V. Prata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal
- CQ-VR-Centro de Química-Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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13
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Adcock AF, Wang P, Ferguson IS, Obu SC, Sun YP, Yang L. Inactivation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with Light-Activated Carbon Dots and Mechanistic Implications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3158-3166. [PMID: 35797334 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of viral transmission is an important step to address the spread of viral infections. Using the enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a model, this study explored the antiviral functions of the specifically designed and prepared carbon dots (CDots). The CDots were prepared using small carbon nanoparticles with surface functionalization-passivation by oligomeric polyethylenimine (PEI). The results indicated that the PEI-CDots were readily activated by visible light to effectively and efficiently inactivate VSVs under various combinations of experimental conditions (viral titer, dot concentration, and treatment time). The photodynamically induced viral structural protein degradation and genomic RNA degradation were observed, suggesting the mechanistic origins, leading to the inactivation of virus. The results suggested CDots as a class of promising broad-spectrum antiviral agents for disinfection of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey F Adcock
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Isaiah S Ferguson
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Somtochukwu C Obu
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Liju Yang
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
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14
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Durrani S, Zhang J, Yang Z, Pang AP, Zeng J, Sayed SM, Khan A, Zhang Y, Wu FG, Lin F. Plant-derived Ca, N, S-Doped carbon dots for fast universal cell imaging and intracellular Congo red detection. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1202:339672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Chang P, Wu LJ, Yuan X, Yukun B, Dan Y, Wu G, An M, Zhao L. Construction of a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform based on DES-CDs/CoOOH/OPD system for ascorbic acid detection. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform based on deep eutectic solvent-carbon dots (DES-CDs) was constructed to efficiently determine ascorbic acid (AA). The CDs were synthesized by hydrothermal method using green...
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16
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Dong X, Overton CM, Tang Y, Darby JP, Sun YP, Yang L. Visible Light-Activated Carbon Dots for Inhibiting Biofilm Formation and Inactivating Biofilm-Associated Bacterial Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:786077. [PMID: 34869296 PMCID: PMC8637124 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.786077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to address the significant problems of bacterial biofilms found in medical fields and many industries. It explores the potential of classic photoactive carbon dots (CDots), with 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)bis (ethylamine) (EDA) for dot surface functionalization (thus, EDA-CDots) for their inhibitory effect on B. subtilis biofilm formation and the inactivation of B. subtilis cells within established biofilm. The EDA-CDots were synthesized by chemical functionalization of selected small carbon nanoparticles with EDA molecules in amidation reactions. The inhibitory efficacy of CDots with visible light against biofilm formation was dependent significantly on the time point when CDots were added; the earlier the CDots were added, the better the inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation. The evaluation of antibacterial action of light-activated EDA-CDots against planktonic B. subtilis cells versus the cells in biofilm indicate that CDots are highly effective for inactivating planktonic cells but barely inactivate cells in established biofilms. However, when coupling with chelating agents (e.g., EDTA) to target the biofilm architecture by breaking or weakening the EPS protection, much enhanced photoinactivation of biofilm-associated cells by CDots was achieved. The study demonstrates the potential of CDots to prevent the initiation of biofilm formation and to inhibit biofilm growth at an early stage. Strategic combination treatment could enhance the effectiveness of photoinactivation by CDots to biofilm-associated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Yongan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jasmine P Darby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
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17
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Yuan D, Wang P, Yang L, Quimby JL, Sun YP. Carbon "quantum" dots for bioapplications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 247:300-309. [PMID: 34861117 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211057513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon "quantum" dots or carbon dots (CDots) exploit and enhance the intrinsic photoexcited state properties and processes of small carbon nanoparticles via effective nanoparticle surface passivation by chemical functionalization with organic species. The optical properties and photoinduced redox characteristics of CDots are competitive to those of established conventional semiconductor quantum dots and also fullerenes and other carbon nanomaterials. Highlighted here are major advances in the exploration of CDots for their serving as high-performance yet nontoxic fluorescence probes for one- and multi-photon bioimaging in vitro and in vivo, and for their uniquely potent antimicrobial function to inactivate effectively and efficiently some of the toughest bacterial pathogens and viruses under visible/natural or ambient light conditions. Opportunities and challenges in the further development of the CDots platform and related technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jesse L Quimby
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Ai L, Shi R, Yang J, Zhang K, Zhang T, Lu S. Efficient Combination of G-C 3 N 4 and CDs for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance: A Review of Synthesis, Strategies, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007523. [PMID: 33683817 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, heterogeneous photocatalysts have achieved much interest on account of their great potential applications in resolving many tough energy and environmental troubles around the world through an ecologically sustainable way. Heterogeneous nanocomposites composed of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) and carbon dots (CDs) possess broad spectrum absorption, appropriate electronic band structures, rapid carrier mobility, abundant reserves, excellent chemical stability, and facile synthesis methods, which make them promising composite photocatalysts for suitable applications such as photocatalytic solar fuels production and contaminant decomposition. With the rapid development in photocatalysis by hybridization of g-C3 N4 and CDs, a systematic summary and prospection of performance improvement are urgent and meaningful. This review first focuses on various kinds of effectively synthetic methods of composites. Following, the strategies available for enhanced performance, including morphology optimization, spectral absorption improvement, ternary or quaternary composition hybrid, lateral or vertical heterostructures construction, heteroatom doping, and so forth, are fully discussed. Then, the applications mainly in efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, and organic pollutants degradation are systematically demonstrated. Finally, the remaining issues and prospect of further development are proposed as some kind of guidance for powerful combination of g-C3 N4 and CDs with high efficiency to photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ai
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Material and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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19
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Photoactivated Carbon Dots for Inactivation of Foodborne Pathogens Listeria and Salmonella. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0104221. [PMID: 34550755 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01042-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have long been recognized as major challenges for the food industry and repeatedly implicated in food product recalls and outbreaks of foodborne diseases. This study demonstrated the application of a recently discovered class of visible-light-activated carbon-based nanoparticles, namely, carbon dots (CDots), for photodynamic inactivation of foodborne pathogens. The results demonstrated that CDots were highly effective in the photoinactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in suspensions and on stainless steel surfaces. However, it was much less effective for Salmonella cells, but treatments with higher CDot concentrations and longer times were still able to inactivate Salmonella cells. The mechanistic implications of the observed different antibacterial effects on the two types of cells were assessed, and the associated generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the resulting lipid peroxidation, and the leakage of nucleic acid and proteins from the treated cells were analyzed, with the results collectively suggesting CDots as a class of promising photodynamic inactivation agents for foodborne pathogens. IMPORTANCE Foodborne infectious diseases have long been recognized as major challenges in public health. Contaminations of food processing facilities and equipment with foodborne pathogens occur often. There is a critical need for new tools/approaches to control the pathogens and prevent such contaminations in food processing facilities and other settings. This study reports a newly established antimicrobial nanomaterials platform, CDots coupled with visible/natural light, for effective and efficient inactivation of representative foodborne bacterial pathogens. The study will contribute to promoting the practical application of CDots as a new class of promising nanomaterial-based photodynamic inactivation agents for foodborne pathogens.
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20
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Dhanush C, Sethuraman MG. Independent hydrothermal synthesis of the undoped, nitrogen, boron and sulphur doped biogenic carbon nanodots and their potential application in the catalytic chemo-reduction of Alizarine yellow R azo dye. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 260:119920. [PMID: 34049009 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research study highlights the catalytic usage of hetero atoms doped and undoped biogenic carbon nano dots (BCNDs) in the reduction of Alizarine yellow R (AYR) dye. Hydrothermal route was followed to synthesize the eco-friendly and fluorescent undoped as well as, N, B & S doped BCNDs from Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) fruit extract. Synthesized BCNDs exhibited good fluorescent and optical properties. From the HR-TEM results, the sizes of the spherically shaped undoped, N, B & S doped BCNDs were found to be 4.75 nm, 4.31 nm, 4.07 nm & 3.96 nm respectively. XRD results highlighted their amorphous nature. Functional groups and elemental percentages were elucidated from the results of FT-IR, EDS and XPS. Graphitic texture of the BCNDs were explained from Raman spectroscopy results and SAED. Thermal stability of BCNDs was evident from the results of TGA analysis. Further, BCNDs were used as green catalyst in the reduction of Alizarine Yellow R (AYR) dye. Langmuir- Hinshelwood mechanism was applied to evaluate the catalytic influence of BCNDs on AYR dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dhanush
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute- Deemed to be University, Gandhigram 624 302, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M G Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute- Deemed to be University, Gandhigram 624 302, Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Highly Fluorescent Carbon Dots as a Potential Fluorescence Probe for Selective Sensing of Ferric Ions in Aqueous Solution. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper’s emphasis is on the development of a fluorescent chemosensor for Fe3+ ions in an aqueous solution, using hydrophilic carbon dots (O-CDs). A simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly one-step hydrothermal synthesis method was used to synthesize fluorescent hydrophilic O-CDs from Oxalis corniculata (Family; Oxalidaceae). The graphitic structure and size distribution of the O-CDs was verified by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies. The resulting O-CDs had a near-spherical shape and an adequate degree of graphitization at the core, with an average diameter of 4.5 nm. X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods revealed the presence of several hydrophilic groups (carbonyl, amine, carboxyl, and hydroxyl, along with nitrogen and oxygen-rich molecules) on the surface of O-CDs. The synthesized hydrophilic O-CDs with excitation wavelength-dependent emission fluorescence characteristics showed a high quantum yield of about 20%. Besides this, the hydrophilic O-CDs exhibited a bright and controllable fluorescence with prolonged stability and photo-stability. These fluorescent hydrophilic O-CDs were used as a nanoprobe for the fluorometric identification of Fe3+ ions in an aqueous solution, with high sensitivity and selectivity. By quenching the blue emission fluorescence of this nanosensor, a highly sensitive Fe3+ ion in the range of 10–50 µM with a minimum detection limit of 0.73 µM was achieved. In addition, the developed nanosensor can be used to sense intracellular Fe3+ ions with high biocompatibility and cellular imaging capacity, and it has a lot of potential in biomedical applications.
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22
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Yan R, Guo Z, Chen X, Tang L, Wang M, Miao P. Red-emissive carbon nanodots for highly sensitive ferric(III) ion sensing and intracellular imaging. Analyst 2021; 146:6450-6454. [PMID: 34595488 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferric(III) ions (Fe3+) are one of the most abundant metal ions in environmental and biological systems. The determination of Fe3+ has attracted great attention for healthcare concerns. In this work, we have developed a novel fluorescence method for the sensing and intracellular imaging of Fe3+ based on the prepared red-emissive carbon nanodots. The nanoprobes are synthesized via a microwave method using ammonium fluoride and o-phenylenediamine as carbon precursors, which exhibit excellent optical properties and low toxicity. More importantly, the carbon nanodots show high selectivity towards Fe3+ against other interfering ions. The sensitivity is also high with the limit of detection as low as 0.05 μM. Meanwhile, the carbon nanodots have been successfully used for fluorescence imaging of cells and could be quenched by intracellular Fe3+. These results suggest that the red-emissive carbon nanodots have diverse potential utilities in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhong Yan
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China. .,Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Xifeng Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China. .,Jinan Guokeyigong Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jinan 250103, China
| | | | | | - Peng Miao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China. .,Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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23
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Liang W, Wang P, Meziani MJ, Ge L, Yang L, Patel AK, Morgan SO, Sun YP. On the myth of "red/near-IR carbon quantum dots" from thermal processing of specific colorless organic precursors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4186-4195. [PMID: 36132851 PMCID: PMC9419825 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00286d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots were originally found and reported as surface-passivated small carbon nanoparticles, where the effective surface passivation was the chemical functionalization of the carbon nanoparticles with organic molecules. Understandably, the very broad optical absorptions of carbon dots are largely the same as those intrinsic to the carbon nanoparticles, characterized by progressively decreasing absorptivities from shorter to longer wavelengths. Thus, carbon dots are generally weak absorbers in the red/near-IR and correspondingly weak emitters with low quantum yields. Much effort has been made on enhancing the optical performance of carbon dots in the red/near-IR, but without meaningful success due to the fact that optical absorptivities defined by Mother Nature are in general rather inert to any induced alterations. Nevertheless, there were shockingly casual claims in the literature on the major success in dramatically altering the optical absorption profiles of "carbon dots" by simply manipulating the dot synthesis to produce samples of some prominent optical absorption bands in the red/near-IR. Such claims have found warm receptions in the research field with a desperate need for carbon dots of the same optical performance in the red/near-IR as that in the green and blue. However, by looking closely at the initially reported synthesis and all its copies in subsequent investigations on the "red/near-IR carbon dots", one would find that the "success" of the synthesis by thermal or hydrothermal carbonization processing requires specific precursor mixtures of citric acid with formamide or urea. In the study reported here, the systematic investigation included precursor mixtures of citric acid with not only formamide or urea but also their partially methylated or permethylated derivatives for the carbonization processing under conditions similar to and beyond those commonly used and reported in the literature. Collectively all of the results are consistent only with the conclusion that the origins of the observed red/near-IR optical absorptions in samples from some of the precursor mixtures must be molecular chromophores from thermally induced chemical reactions, nothing to do with any nanoscale carbon entities produced by carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Mohammed J Meziani
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University Maryville Missouri 64468 USA
| | - Lin Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University Durham NC 27707 USA
| | - Amankumar K Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University Maryville Missouri 64468 USA
| | - Sabina O Morgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University Durham NC 27707 USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
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Wu YZ, Shareef U, Xu JP, Xu ZL, Li PP, Li YX, Li P, Gao P, Zhang X, Xu SJ. Carbon quantum dots doped thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane on macroporous ceramic hollow fiber support via one-step interfacial polymerization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jorns M, Pappas D. A Review of Fluorescent Carbon Dots, Their Synthesis, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1448. [PMID: 34070762 PMCID: PMC8228846 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a particularly useful type of fluorescent nanoparticle that demonstrate biocompatibility, resistance to photobleaching, as well as diversity in composition and characteristics amongst the different types available. There are two main morphologies of CDs: Disk-shaped with 1-3 stacked sheets of aromatic carbon rings and quasi-spherical with a core-shell arrangement having crystalline and amorphous properties. They can be synthesized from various potentially environmentally friendly methods including hydrothermal carbonization, microwaving, pyrolysis or combustion, and are then purified via one or more methods. CDs can have either excitation wavelength-dependent or -independent emission with each having their own benefits in microscopic fluorescent imaging. Some CDs have an affinity for a particular cell type, organelle or chemical. This property allows the CDs to be used as sensors in a biological environment and can even provide quantitative information if the quenching or intensity of their fluorescence is dependent on the concentration of the analyte. In addition to fluorescent imaging, CDs can also be used for other applications including drug delivery, quality control, photodynamic therapy, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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26
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Bruno F, Sciortino A, Buscarino G, Soriano ML, Ríos Á, Cannas M, Gelardi F, Messina F, Agnello S. A Comparative Study of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Carbon Nanodots and Their Interaction with Mercury Ions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1265. [PMID: 34065804 PMCID: PMC8151150 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a study of carbon dots produced via bottom-up and top-down routes, carried out through a multi-technique approach based on steady-state fluorescence and absorption, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Our study focuses on a side-to-side comparison of the fundamental structural and optical properties of the two families of fluorescent nanoparticles, and on their interaction pathways with mercury ions, which we use as a probe of surface emissive chromophores. Comparison between the two families of carbon dots, and between carbon dots subjected to different functionalization procedures, readily identifies a few key structural and optical properties apparently common to all types of carbon dots, but also highlights some critical differences in the optical response and in the microscopic mechanism responsible of the fluorescence. The results also provide suggestions on the most likely interaction sites of mercury ions at the surface of carbon dots and reveal details on mercury-induced fluorescence quenching that can be practically exploited to optimize sensing applications of carbon dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bruno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Alice Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Gianpiero Buscarino
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Soriano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA), 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marco Cannas
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Franco Gelardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Messina
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonpietro Agnello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy; (F.B.); (A.S.); (G.B.); (M.C.); (F.G.)
- Advanced Technologies Network Center, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 18/A, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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27
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He Z, Liu S, Zhang C, Fan L, Zhang J, Chen Q, Sun Y, He L, Wang Z, Zhang K. Coal based carbon dots: Recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic Technology Appliance School of Mechanical Engineering Tongling University Tongling Anhui 244061 China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Liyuan Fan
- College of Science & Engineering James Cook University 1 James Cook Drive Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Yudie Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Lifang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Zhicai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
| | - Kui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan Anhui 243032 China
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Carbon dots – Separative techniques: Tools-objective towards green analytical nanometrology focused on bioanalysis. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhou C, Li H, Liu Y, Wang K. Design and Synthesis of Dual-Responsive Carbon Nanodots Loaded with Cisplatin for Targeted Therapy of Lung Cancer Therapy and Nursing Care. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sekar A, Yadav R, Kannaiyan P, Munuswamy-Ramanujam G. Evaluation of biopolymer-derived carbon dots as cancer diagnostic biomarkers for human monocyte cell lines ( THP-1). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:31. [PMID: 33457165 PMCID: PMC7782767 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dots (C-dots) were fabricated from Anogeissus latifolia (Gum ghatti) gum extract using direct microwave pyrolysis method. The C-dots are fine-tuned concerning three parameters, viz., NaOH addition (presence and absence), microwave power, and irradiation time. C-dots optical properties were investigated through UV-visible (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman Spectroscopy, physiochemical properties of synthesized C-dots were inspected. The average size of C-dots was estimated to be 4.8 ± 2 nm and is amorphous. These C-dots displayed high solubility in an aqueous medium due to oxygen functionality, and showed good fluorescence stability to high-ionic concentration and varied pH. The fluorescence spectra outcomes specified that C-dots exhibited excitation-dependent emission behavior. Furthermore, the C-dots biological function was tested for cell biocompatibility and bioimaging. The cytotoxicity studies were performed on Vero cell lines and compared with THP-1 human monocyte cell lines at different concentrations. The results revealed good biocompatibility app. 80 and 90% for Vero and THP-1 cell lines even after 24 h incubation with the C-dots. Finally, by employing C-dots as the fluorescent tool, THP-1 cells were imaged successfully via a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anithadevi Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, affiliated to University of Madras, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 059 India
| | - Rakhi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, affiliated to University of Madras, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 059 India
| | - Pandian Kannaiyan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 025 India
| | - Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam
- Molecular Biology and Immunobiology Division, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM-IST, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603 203 India
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31
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Dong X, Edmondson R, Yang F, Tang Y, Wang P, Sun YP, Yang L. Carbon dots for effective photodynamic inactivation of virus. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33944-33954. [PMID: 35519058 PMCID: PMC9056736 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiviral function of carbon dots (CDots) with visible light exposure was evaluated, for which the model bacteriophages MS2 as a surrogate of small RNA viruses were used. The results show clearly that the visible light-activated CDots are highly effective in diminishing the infectivity of MS2 in both low and high titer samples to the host E. coli cells, and the antiviral effects are dot concentration- and treatment time-dependent. The action of CDots apparently causes no significant damage to the structural integrity and morphology of the MS2 phage or the breakdown of the capsid proteins, but does result in the protein carbonylation (a commonly used indicator for protein oxidation) and the degradation of viral genomic RNA. Mechanistically the results may be understood in the framework of photodynamic effects that are associated with the unique excited state properties and processes of CDots. Opportunities for potentially broad applications of CDots coupled with visible/natural light in the prevention and control of viral transmission and spread are highlighted and discussed. The antiviral function of carbon dots (CDots) with visible light exposure was evaluated, for which the model bacteriophages MS2 as a surrogate of small RNA viruses were used.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University Durham NC 27707 USA +1-919-530-6705 +1-919-530-6704
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA +1-864-656-5026
| | - Yongan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University Durham NC 27707 USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA +1-864-656-5026
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA +1-864-656-5026
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University Durham NC 27707 USA +1-919-530-6705 +1-919-530-6704
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Li N, Meng T, Ma L, Zhang H, Yao J, Xu M, Li CM, Jiang J. Curtailing Carbon Usage with Addition of Functionalized NiFe 2O 4 Quantum Dots: Toward More Practical S Cathodes for Li-S Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:145. [PMID: 34138150 PMCID: PMC7770776 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Smart combination of manifold carbonaceous materials with admirable functionalities (like full of pores/functional groups, high specific surface area) is still a mainstream/preferential way to address knotty issues of polysulfides dissolution/shuttling and poor electrical conductivity for S-based cathodes. However, extensive use of conductive carbon fillers in cell designs/technology would induce electrolytic overconsumption and thereby shelve high-energy-density promise of Li-S cells. To cut down carbon usage, we propose the incorporation of multi-functionalized NiFe2O4 quantum dots (QDs) as affordable additive substitutes. The total carbon content can be greatly curtailed from 26% (in traditional S/C cathodes) to a low/commercial mass ratio (~ 5%). Particularly, note that NiFe2O4 QDs additives own superb chemisorption interactions with soluble Li2Sn molecules and proper catalytic features facilitating polysulfide phase conversions and can also strengthen charge-transfer capability/redox kinetics of overall cathode systems. Benefiting from these intrinsic properties, such hybrid cathodes demonstrate prominent rate behaviors (decent capacity retention with ~ 526 mAh g-1 even at 5 A g-1) and stable cyclic performance in LiNO3-free electrolytes (only ~ 0.08% capacity decay per cycle in 500 cycles at 0.2 A g-1). This work may arouse tremendous research interest in seeking other alternative QDs and offer an economical/more applicable methodology to construct low-carbon-content electrodes for practical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Meng
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Ma
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaJia Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Maowen Xu
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Ming Li
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, and Chongqing Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Clean Energies of Technologies, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Bajpai VK, Khan I, Shukla S, Kang SM, Aziz F, Tripathi KM, Saini D, Cho HJ, Su Heo N, Sonkar SK, Chen L, Suk Huh Y, Han YK. Multifunctional N-P-doped carbon dots for regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in B16F10 melanoma cancer cells and in vitro imaging applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:7841-7856. [PMID: 32685024 PMCID: PMC7359102 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The present study reports the multifunctional anticancer activity against B16F10 melanoma cancer cells and the bioimaging ability of fluorescent nitrogen-phosphorous-doped carbon dots (NPCDs). Methods: The NPCDs were synthesized using a single-step, thermal treatment and were characterized by TEM, XPS, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR analysis. The anticancer efficacy of NPCDs was confirmed by using cell viability assay, morphological evaluation, fluorescent live-dead cell assay, mitochondrial potential assay, ROS production, RT-PCR, western-blot analysis, siRNA transfection, and cellular bioimaging ability. Results: The NPCDs inhibited the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cancer cells after 24 h of treatment and induced apoptosis, as confirmed by the presence of fragmented nuclei, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. The NPCDs treatment further elevated the levels of pro-apoptotic factors and down-regulated the level of Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) that weakened the mitochondrial membrane, and activated proteases such as caspases. Treatment with NPCDs also resulted in dose-dependent cell cycle arrest, as indicated by reduced cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2, -4, and -6 protein levels and an enhanced level of p21. More importantly, the NPCDs induced the activation of autophagy by upregulating the protein expression levels of LC3-II and ATG-5 (autophagy-related-5) and by downregulating p62 level, validated by knockdown of ATG-5. Additionally, owing to their excellent luminescence property, these NPCDs were also applicable in cellular bioimaging, as evidenced by the microscopic fluorescence imaging of B16F10 melanoma cells. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conclude that our newly synthesized NPCDs induced cell cycle arrest, autophagy, and apoptosis in B16F10 melanoma cells and presented good cellular bioimaging capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana 131028, India
| | - Sung-Min Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Faisal Aziz
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Kumud Malika Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam 531035, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Hye-Jin Cho
- Reliability Assessment Center for Chemical Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Heo
- Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumit K. Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Gunture, Dalal C, Kaushik J, Garg AK, Sonkar SK. Pollutant-Soot-Based Nontoxic Water-Soluble Onion-like Nanocarbons for Cell Imaging and Selective Sensing of Toxic Cr(VI). ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3906-3913. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gunture
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Chumki Dalal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Jaidev Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Anjali Kumari Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, India
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Chen J, Shan Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Liu R. P-type laser-doped WSe 2/MoTe 2 van der Waals heterostructure photodetector. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:295201. [PMID: 32268302 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab87cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials are being studied extensively for their prospective applications in photodetectors. As the pristine WSe2/MoTe2 heterostructure is a type I (straddling gap) structure, it cannot be used as a photovoltaic device theoretically, although both WSe2 and MoTe2 have excellent photoelectric properties. The Fermi level of p-doped WSe2 is close to its valence band. The p-doped WSe2/MoTe2 heterostructure can perform as a photovoltaic device because a built-in electric field appears at the interface between MoTe2 and p-doped WSe2. Here, a 633 nm laser was used for scanning the surface of WSe2 in order to obtain the p-doped WSe2. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical measurements verified that p-type doping in WSe2 is produced through laser treatment. The p-type doping in WSe2 includes substoichiometric WOx and nonstoichiometric WSex. A photovoltaic device using p-doped WSe2 and MoTe2 was successfully fabricated. The band structure, light-matter reactions, and carrier-transport in the p-doped WSe2/MoTe2 heterojunction were analyzed. The results showed that this photodetector has an on/off ratio of ≈104, dark current of ≈1 pA, and response time of 72 μs under the illumination of 633 nm laser at zero bias (V ds = 0 V). The proposed p-doping method may provide a new approach to improve the performance of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China. These authors contributed equally to this work
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36
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Prabakaran E, Pillay K. Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent N-CDs/ZnONPs nanocomposite for latent fingerprint detection by using powder brushing method. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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37
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Cao S, Le AN, Chen A, Zhong M. Scalable synthesis of fluorescent organic nanodots by block copolymer templating. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Cao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringYale University New Haven Connecticut 06511
| | - An N. Le
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringYale University New Haven Connecticut 06511
| | - Aihua Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringYale University New Haven Connecticut 06511
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38
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Dong X, Liang W, Meziani MJ, Sun YP, Yang L. Carbon Dots as Potent Antimicrobial Agents. Theranostics 2020; 10:671-686. [PMID: 31903144 PMCID: PMC6929978 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDots) have emerged to represent a highly promising new platform for visible/natural light-activated microbicidal agents. In this article, the syntheses, structures, and properties of CDots are highlighted, representative studies on their activities against bacteria, fungi, and viruses reviewed, and the related mechanistic insights discussed. Also highlighted and discussed are the excellent opportunities for potentially extremely broad applications of this new platform, including theranostics uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Weixiong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Mohammed J. Meziani
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, Missouri 64468, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Pirsaheb M, Moradi S, Shahlaei M, Farhadian N. Fenton-like removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution using iron-containing carbon dot nanocatalysts. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04014b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron-containing carbon dot nano-catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally and the Fenton-like reaction catalysed by Fe/CD was able to efficiently remove tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Research Centre for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)
- Health Institute
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Centre
- Health Technology Institute
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Centre
- Health Technology Institute
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
| | - Negin Farhadian
- Research Centre for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)
- Health Institute
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
- Kermanshah
- Iran
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40
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Awati A, Maimaiti H, Xu B, Wang S. A comparative study on the preparation methods and properties of coal‐based fluorescent carbon nanoparticles. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abuduheiremu Awati
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
| | - Halidan Maimaiti
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
| | - Bo Xu
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
| | - Shixin Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Industry Xinjiang University, Urumqi China
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41
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Aggarwal R, Anand SR, Saini D, Singh R, Sonker AK, Sonkar SK. Surface-passivated, soluble and non-toxic graphene nano-sheets for the selective sensing of toxic Cr(vi) and Hg(ii) metal ions and as a blue fluorescent ink. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4481-4491. [PMID: 36134401 PMCID: PMC9419804 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00377k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-toxic amine-functionalized soluble graphene nano-sheets (f-GNS) were synthesized by using an old and well-known simple organic procedure. The f-GNS exhibited enhanced optical properties, such as strong blue fluorescence emission with a high value of quantum yield (∼13%). The O,O'-bis-(2-aminopropyl) polypropylene glycol-block-polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol 800 as block polymeric amine (BPA)-passivized surface of f-GNS exhibited high aqueous solubility and excitation-dependent fluorescence emission behavior with a strong photo-stability performance. These f-GNS were tested for the significant selective sensing of toxic metal ions Cr(vi) and Hg(ii) from various tested toxic metal ions. The sensing experiment was supported by cyclic voltammetry analysis. The dual metal ion sensing method based on fluorescence showed the limit of detection (LOD) of ∼56 nM for Cr(vi) and ∼45 nM for Hg(ii) through a fluorescence quenching process. f-GNS were found to be non-toxic when tested over Escherichia coli (E.coli) cells. Additionally, the strong blue emission properties of f-GNS enabled their use as a suitable blue fluorescent ink under UV light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur-302017 India
| | - Satyesh Raj Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur-302017 India
| | - Deepika Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur-302017 India
| | - Ravindra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharani Shri Jaya Government Post-Graduate College Bharatpur Rajasthan-321001 India
| | - Amit Kumar Sonker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Bio-nanotechnology Gachon University Gyeonggi-do South Korea
| | - Sumit Kumar Sonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur-302017 India
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43
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Li-Destri G, Fichera L, Zammataro A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G, Tuccitto N. Self-assembled carbon nanoparticles as messengers for artificial chemical communication. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14203-14209. [PMID: 31271403 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, supramolecular carbon nanoparticle aggregates were obtained via covalent functionalization of the shell of nanoparticles with triazine and subsequent hydrogen bonding reticulation upon the addition of naphthalene diimide. The resulting reticulated nanoparticles maintained the optical properties required for artificial chemical communication but exhibited a reduced diffusion coefficient, enabling sharper and more intense molecular bit capabilities when employed as chemical messengers. As a result, they are ideal candidates for the transport of information along extended fluid paths. We believe that our results represent a further step towards the understanding and optimization of all the experimental parameters affecting the information transfer efficiency in artificial chemical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li-Destri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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44
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Fichera L, Li-Destri G, Ruffino R, Messina GML, Tuccitto N. Reactive nanomessengers for artificial chemical communication. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16223-16229. [PMID: 31298236 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Artificial chemical communication is an emerging field of study driven by the need of exchanging information in delicate environments where standard procedures based on electromagnetic waves cannot be used. A non-synchronized artificial chemical communication system, based on a new modulation technique, namely reaction shift keying (RSK), is presented. The RSK implies that the quenchers are injected into the transmitter, the chemical messenger reacts and a chemically modified messenger travels towards the receiver. Encoding of "0" is obtained by means of the emission of a messenger that reaches the receiver once chemically modified. To encode the value "1", the messenger is not subjected to chemical reaction. Fluorescent carbon nanoparticle molecular messengers that exploit the reaction with Cu(ii) ions for signal modulation were synthesized. A prototypal RSK modulated chemical communication system is developed, from simulations of the communication platform to an operating prototypal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fichera
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li-Destri
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ruffino
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazia Maria Lucia Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Tuccitto
- Laboratory for Molecular Surfaces and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Hybrid carbon dots platform enabling opportunities for desired optical properties and redox characteristics by-design. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhu Z, Li Q, Li P, Xun X, Zheng L, Ning D, Su M. Surface charge controlled nucleoli selective staining with nanoscale carbon dots. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216230. [PMID: 31150413 PMCID: PMC6544201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelle selective imaging can reveal structural and functional characters of cells undergoing external stimuli, and is considered critical in revealing biological fundamentals, designing targeted delivery system, and screening potential drugs and therapeutics. This paper describes the nucleoli targeting ability of nanoscale carbon dots (including nanodiamond) that are hydrothermally made with controlled surface charges. The surface charges of carbon dots are controlled in the range of -17.9 to -2.84 mV by changing the molar ratio of two precursors, citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). All carbon dots samples show strong fluorescence under wide excitation wavelength, and samples with both negative and positve charges show strong fluorescent contrast from stained nucleoli. The nucleoli selective imaging of live cell has been confirmed with Hoechst staining and nucleoli specific staining (SYTO RNA-select green), and is explained as surface charge heterogeneity on carbon dots. Carbon dots with both negative and positive charges have better ability to penetrate cell and nucleus membranes, and the charge heterogeneity helps carbon dots to bind preferentially to nucleoli, where the electrostatic environment is favored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qingxuan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Xun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, and Chinese Academy of Science, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, and Chinese Academy of Science, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Ning
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, and Chinese Academy of Science, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, and Chinese Academy of Science, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Yan GH, Song ZM, Liu YY, Su Q, Liang W, Cao A, Sun YP, Wang H. Effects of carbon dots surface functionalities on cellular behaviors - Mechanistic exploration for opportunities in manipulating uptake and translocation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:48-57. [PMID: 31121381 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDots) for their excellent optical and other properties have been widely pursued for potential biomedical applications, in which a more comprehensive understanding on the cellular behaviors and mechanisms of CDots is required. For such a purpose, two kinds of CDots with surface passivation by 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA-CDots) and oligomeric polyethylenimine (PEI-CDots) were selected for evaluations on their uptakes by human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells at three cell cycle phases (G0/G1, S and G2/M), and on their different internalization pathways and translocations in cells. The results show that HeLa cells could internalize both CDots by different pathways, with an overall slightly higher internalization efficiency for PEI-CDots. The presence of serum in culture media could have major effects, significantly enhancing the cellular uptake of EPA-CDots, yet markedly inhibiting that of PEI-CDots. The HeLa cells at different cell cycle phases have different behaviors in taking up the CDots, which are also affected by the different dot surface moieties and serum in culture media. Mechanistic implications of the results and the opportunities associated with an improved understanding on the cellular behaviors of CDots for potentially the manipulation and control of their cellular uptakes and translocations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Hua Yan
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zheng-Mei Song
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weixiong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Aoneng Cao
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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48
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Preparation and electrochemical characterization of carbon dots/polyaniline composite materials. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abu Rabe DI, Al Awak MM, Yang F, Okonjo PA, Dong X, Teisl LR, Wang P, Tang Y, Pan N, Sun YP, Yang L. The dominant role of surface functionalization in carbon dots' photo-activated antibacterial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2655-2665. [PMID: 31118606 PMCID: PMC6499447 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s200493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbon dots (CDots) have recently been demonstrated their effective visible light-activated antimicrobial activities toward bacteria. This study was to evaluate and understand the roles of the surface functionalities in governing the antimicrobial activity of CDots. Methods: Using the laboratory model bacteria Bacillus subtilis, the photo-activated antimicrobial activities of three groups of CDots with specifically selected different surface functionalization moieties were evaluated and compared. The first group consisting of CDots with surface functionalization by 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EDA) vs. 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA), was evaluated to determine the effect of different terminal groups/charges on their photo-activated antibacterial activities. The second group consisting of CDots functionalized with oligomeric polyethylenimine (PEI) and those prepared by the carbonization of PEI - citric acid mixture, was to evaluate the effects of dot surface charges vs. fluorescent quantum yields on their antimicrobial activities. The third group consisting of CDots functionalized with PEI of 1,200 vs. 600 in average molecular weight was evaluated for the effect of molecular weight of surface passivation molecular on their antimicrobial activities. Results: The results indicated the EDA-CDots in the first group was more effective and was attributed to the positive charges from the protonation of the amino groups (-NH2) being more favorable to interactions with bacterial cells. The evaluation of the second group CDots suggested the same surface charge effect dominating the antibacterial performance over the fluorescent quantum yields. The evaluation of the third group CDots functionalized with PEI of 1,200 vs. 600 in average molecular weight, indicated the latter was significantly more effective. Conclusions: The results from this study highlighted the dominant role of surface functionalities in governing CDots' light activated antimicrobial activity and should have significant implications to the further design and development of CDots as a new class of visible light-activated antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina I Abu Rabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA
| | - Mohamad M Al Awak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC29634, USA
| | - Peter A Okonjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA
| | - Xiuli Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA
| | - Lindsay R Teisl
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC29634, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC29634, USA
| | - Yongan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA
| | - Nengyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC29634, USA
| | - Ya-Ping Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC29634, USA
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC27707, USA
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50
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Su Q, Wei X, Mao J, Yang X. Carbon nanopowder directed synthesis of carbon dots for sensing multiple targets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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