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Ghosh B, Agarwal K. Viewing life without labels under optical microscopes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:559. [PMID: 37231084 PMCID: PMC10212946 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical microscopes today have pushed the limits of speed, quality, and observable space in biological specimens revolutionizing how we view life today. Further, specific labeling of samples for imaging has provided insight into how life functions. This enabled label-based microscopy to percolate and integrate into mainstream life science research. However, the use of labelfree microscopy has been mostly limited, resulting in testing for bio-application but not bio-integration. To enable bio-integration, such microscopes need to be evaluated for their timeliness to answer biological questions uniquely and establish a long-term growth prospect. The article presents key label-free optical microscopes and discusses their integrative potential in life science research for the unperturbed analysis of biological samples.
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2
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Barhum H, McDonnell C, Alon T, Hammad R, Attrash M, Ellenbogen T, Ginzburg P. Organic Kainate Single Crystals for Second-Harmonic and Broadband THz Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8590-8600. [PMID: 36729720 PMCID: PMC9940106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals with unique nonlinear optical properties have been attracting attention owing to their capability to outperform their conventional nonorganic counterparts. Since nonlinear material responses are linked to a crystal's internal microscopic structure, molecular engineering of maximally unharmonic quantum potentials can boost macromolecular susceptibilities. Here, large-scale kainic acid (kainate) single crystals were synthesized, and their linear and nonlinear optical properties were studied in a broad spectral range, spanning the visible to THz spectral regions. The non-centrosymmetric zwitterionic crystallization, molecular structure, and intermolecular arrangement were found to act as additive donor-acceptor domains, enhancing the efficiency of the intrinsic second-order optical nonlinearity of this pure enantiomeric crystal. Molecular simulations and experimental analysis were performed to retrieve the crystals' properties. The crystals were predicted and found to have good transparency in a broad spectral range from the UV to the infrared (0.2-20 μm). Second-harmonic generation was measured for ultrashort pumping wavelengths between 800 and 2400 nm, showing an enhanced response around 600 nm. Broadband THz generation was demonstrated with a detection limited bandwidth of >8 THz along with emission efficiencies comparable to and prevailing those of commercial ZnTe crystals. The broadband nonlinear response and high transparency make kainate crystals extremely attractive for realizing a range of nonlinear optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Barhum
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Triangle
Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara’3007500, Israel
| | - Cormac McDonnell
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Tmiron Alon
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Raheel Hammad
- Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy No 36/P Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana500046, India
| | - Mohammed Attrash
- Schulich
Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- The
Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
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3
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Stanciu SG, Hristu R, Stanciu GA, Tranca DE, Eftimie L, Dumitru A, Costache M, Stenmark HA, Manders H, Cherian A, Tark-Dame M, Manders EMM. Super-resolution re-scan second harmonic generation microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214662119. [PMID: 36375085 PMCID: PMC9704717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214662119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Second harmonic generation microscopy (SHG) is generally acknowledged as a powerful tool for the label-free three-dimensional visualization of tissues and advanced materials, with one of its most popular applications being collagen imaging. Despite the great need, progress in super-resolved SHG imaging lags behind the developments reported over the past years in fluorescence-based optical nanoscopy. In this work, we demonstrate super-resolved re-scan SHG, qualitatively and quantitatively showing on collagenous tissues the available resolution advantage over the diffraction limit. We introduce as well super-resolved re-scan two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, an imaging modality not explored to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Hristu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George A. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denis E. Tranca
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Eftimie
- Pathology Department, Emergency Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Costache
- Department of Pathology, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Harald A. Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Harm Manders
- Confocal.nl BV, Science Park 406, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amit Cherian
- Confocal.nl BV, Science Park 406, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Li B, Li J, Gan W, Tan Y, Yuan Q. Unveiling the Molecular Dynamics in a Living Cell to the Subcellular Organelle Level Using Second-Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy and Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14146-14152. [PMID: 34648265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been proved to be a powerful method for investigating the structures of biomaterials. SHG spectra were also generally used to probe the adsorption and cross-membrane transport of molecules on lipid bilayers in situ and in real time. In this work, we applied SHG and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) spectra to investigate the dynamics of an amphiphilic ion with an SHG and TPF chromophore, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on the surface of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells and the subcellular structures inside the cells. The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of D289 into the cells and then into the organelles such as mitochondria were revealed. SHG images were also recorded and used to demonstrate their capability of probing molecular dynamics in organelles in K562 cells. This work demonstrated the first SHG investigation of the cross-membrane transport dynamics on the surface of subcellular organelles. It may also shed light on the differentiation of different types of subcellular structures in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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5
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Johnson PB, Karvounis A, Singh HJ, Brereton CJ, Bourdakos KN, Lunn K, Roberts JJW, Davies DE, Muskens OL, Jones MG, Mahajan S. Superresolved polarization-enhanced second-harmonic generation for direct imaging of nanoscale changes in collagen architecture. OPTICA 2021; 8:674-685. [PMID: 34239949 PMCID: PMC8237832 DOI: 10.1364/optica.411325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Superresolution (SR) optical microscopy has allowed the investigation of many biological structures below the diffraction limit; however, most of the techniques are hampered by the need for fluorescent labels. Nonlinear label-free techniques such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) provide structurally specific contrast without the addition of exogenous labels, allowing observation of unperturbed biological systems. We use the photonic nanojet (PNJ) phenomena to achieve SR-SHG. A resolution of ∼ λ / 6 with respect to the fundamental wavelength, that is, a ∼ 2.3 -fold improvement over conventional or diffraction-limited SHG under the same imaging conditions is achieved. Crucially we find that the polarization properties of excitation are maintained in a PNJ. This is observed in experiment and simulations. This may have widespread implications to increase sensitivity by detection of polarization-resolved SHG by observing anisotropy in signals. These new, to the best of our knowledge, findings allowed us to visualize biological SHG-active structures such as collagen at an unprecedented and previously unresolvable spatial scale. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of an array of self-assembled high-index spheres overcomes the issue of a limited field of view for such a method, allowing PNJ-assisted SR-SHG to be used over a large area. Dysregulation of collagen at the nanoscale occurs in many diseases and is an underlying cause in diseases such as lung fibrosis. Here we demonstrate that pSR-SHG allows unprecedented observation of changes at the nanoscale that are invisible by conventional diffraction-limited SHG imaging. The ability to nondestructively image SHG-active biological structures without labels at the nanoscale with a relatively simple optical method heralds the promise of a new tool to understand biological phenomena and drive drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Artemios Karvounis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H. Johnson Singh
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos N. Bourdakos
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kerry Lunn
- Synairgen Research Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | | | - Donna E. Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Otto L. Muskens
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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6
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Sahu SP, Liu Q, Prasad A, Hasan SMA, Liu Q, Rodriguez MXB, Mukhopadhyay O, Burk D, Francis J, Mukhopadhyay S, Fu X, Gartia MR. Characterization of fibrillar collagen isoforms in infarcted mouse hearts using second harmonic generation imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:604-618. [PMID: 33520391 PMCID: PMC7818962 DOI: 10.1364/boe.410347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We utilized collagen specific second harmonic generation (SHG) signatures coupled with correlative immunofluorescence imaging techniques to characterize collagen structural isoforms (type I and type III) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). Tissue samples were imaged over a four week period using SHG, transmitted light microscopy and immunofluorescence imaging using fluorescently-labeled collagen antibodies. The post-mortem cardiac tissue imaging using SHG demonstrated a progressive increase in collagen deposition in the left ventricle (LV) post-MI. We were able to monitor structural morphology and LV remodeling parameters in terms of extent of LV dilation, stiffness and fiber dimensions in the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant P Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Qianglin Liu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Alisha Prasad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Syed Mohammad Abid Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | | | | | - David Burk
- Shared Instrumentation Facility and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Joseph Francis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Supratik Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- LSU AgCenter, School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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7
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Jordan T, O'Brien MA, Spatarelu CP, Luke GP. Antibody-Conjugated Barium Titanate Nanoparticles for Cell-Specific Targeting. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2636-2646. [PMID: 35873656 PMCID: PMC9307239 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Barium titanate nanoparticles (BTNPs) are gaining popularity in biomedical research because of their piezoelectricity, nonlinear optical properties, and high biocompatibility. However, the potential of BTNPs is limited by the ability to create stable nanoparticle dispersions in water and physiological media. In this work, we report a method of surface modification of BTNPs based on surface hydroxylation followed by covalent attachment of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers. This polymer coating allows for additional modifications such as fluorescent labeling, surface charge tuning, or directional conjugation of IgG antibodies. We demonstrate the conjugation of anti-EGFR antibodies to the BTNP surface and show efficient molecular targeting of the nanoparticles to A431 cells. Overall, the reported modifications aim to expand the BTNP applications in molecular imaging, cancer therapy, or noninvasive neurostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jordan
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Mikaela A O'Brien
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | | | - Geoffrey P Luke
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States; Translational Engineering in Cancer Research Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, United States
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8
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Barlow AM, Mostaço-Guidolin LB, Osei ET, Booth S, Hackett TL. Super resolution measurement of collagen fibers in biological samples: Validation of a commercial solution for multiphoton microscopy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229278. [PMID: 32059025 PMCID: PMC7021303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful, non-invasive technique to image biological specimens. One current limitation of multiphoton microscopy is resolution as many of the biological molecules and structures investigated by research groups are similar in size or smaller than the diffraction limit. To date, the combination of multiphoton and super-resolution imaging has proved technically challenging for biology focused laboratories to implement. Here we validate that the commercial super-resolution Airyscan detector from ZEISS, which is based on image scanning microscopy, can be integrated under warranty with a pulsed multi-photon laser to enable multiphoton microscopy with super-resolution. We demonstrate its biological application in two different imaging modalities, second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), to measure the fibre thicknesses of collagen and elastin molecules surpassing the diffraction limit by a factor of 1.7±0.3x and 1.4±0.3x respectively, in human heart and lung tissues, and 3-dimensional in vitro models. We show that enhanced resolution and signal-to-noise of SHG using the Airyscan compared to traditional GaAs detectors allows for automated and precise measurement of collagen fibres using texture analysis in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Barlow
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leila B. Mostaço-Guidolin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Emmanuel T. Osei
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven Booth
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Wilhelm MJ, Dai HL. Molecule-Membrane Interactions in Biological Cells Studied with Second Harmonic Light Scattering. Chem Asian J 2019; 15:200-213. [PMID: 31721448 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The nonlinear optical phenomenon second harmonic light scattering (SHS) can be used for detecting molecules at the membrane surfaces of living biological cells. Over the last decade, SHS has been developed for quantitatively monitoring the adsorption and transport of small and medium size molecules (both neutral and ionic) across membranes in living cells. SHS can be operated with both time and spatial resolution and is even capable of isolating molecule-membrane interactions at specific membrane surfaces in multi-membrane cells, such as bacteria. In this review, we discuss select examples from our lab employing time-resolved SHS to study real-time molecular interactions at the plasma membranes of biological cells. We first demonstrate the utility of this method for determining the transport rates at each membrane/interface in a Gram-negative bacterial cell. Next, we show how SHS can be used to characterize the molecular mechanism of the century old Gram stain protocol for classifying bacteria. Additionally, we examine how membrane structures and molecular charge and polarity affect adsorption and transport, as well as how antimicrobial compounds alter bacteria membrane permeability. Finally, we discuss adaptation of SHS as an imaging modality to quantify molecular adsorption and transport in sub-cellular regions of individual living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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10
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Abstract
This study utilized a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based molecular tension sensor and live cell imaging to evaluate the effect of osteocytes, a mechanosensitive bone cell, on the migratory behavior of tumor cells. Two cell lines derived from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transfected with the vinculin tension sensor to quantitatively evaluate the force in focal adhesions of the tumor cell. Tumor cells treated with MLO-A5 osteocyte-conditioned media (CM) decreased the tensile forces in their focal adhesions and decreased their migratory potential. Tumor cells treated with media derived from MLO-A5 cells exposed to fluid flow-driven shear stress (FFCM) increased the tensile forces and increased migratory potential. Focal adhesion tension in tumor cells was also affected by distance from MLO-A5 cells when the two cells were co-cultured, where tumor cells close to MLO-A5 cells exhibited lower tension and decreased cell motility. Overall, this study demonstrates that focal adhesion tension is involved in altered migratory potential of tumor cells, and tumor-osteocyte interactions decrease the tension and motility of tumor cells.
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11
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Rendón-Barraza C, Timpu F, Grange R, Brasselet S. Crystalline heterogeneity in single ferroelectric nanocrystals revealed by polarized nonlinear microscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1670. [PMID: 30737436 PMCID: PMC6368600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric nanocrystals have considerable interest for applications in nanophotonics, optical memories and bio-imaging. Their crystalline nature at the nanoscale remains however poorly known, mostly because structural investigation tools on single nanocrystals are lacking. In this work we apply polarization resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) imaging on isolated Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) nanocrystals to unravel their crystalline nature, exploiting the sensitivity of polarized SHG to local non-centrosymmetry and nanocrystals surface responses. We evidence crystalline heterogeneities in BaTiO3 nanocrystals manifested by a centrosymmetric shell around the tetragonal core of the crystals, corroborating hypotheses from previous ensemble structural investigations. This study shows that in contrast to bulk materials, nanocrystals exhibit a complex composition, which is seen to be reproducible among nanocrystals. P-SHG appears furthermore as a powerful methodology that reports structural behaviors in nanoscale dielectrics materials, at the individual nanoparticle scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rendón-Barraza
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013, Marseille, France.,Ultrafast and Microspectroscopy Laboratories and ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Flavia Timpu
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Grange
- Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Brasselet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, F-13013, Marseille, France.
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12
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Chen SY, Wu HH. Third-harmonic generation modulation achieved through ground-state depletion. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:315-318. [PMID: 30644889 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Without real-state transition, third-harmonic generation (THG) cannot be modulated simply by fluorescence-based methods. However, utilizing the absorption-enhancement property of THG, the modulation of THG intensity has been demonstrated through ground-state depletion (GSD) in this Letter. By suppressing the absorption of materials with GSD, the THG intensity can be reduced due to a decreasing of absorption enhancement. The ability to modulate THG intensity can benefit from applying super-resolution techniques to THG microscopy.
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13
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Yeh CH, Tan CZ, Cheng CHA, Hung JT, Chen SY. Improving resolution of second harmonic generation microscopy via scanning structured illumination. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:6081-6090. [PMID: 31065414 PMCID: PMC6490992 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.006081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM) is a well-known technique for examining the noncentrosymmetric structures in biomedical research. However, without real-state transitions, fluorescence-based superresolution methods cannot be applied. To improve the resolution, fringe-scanning SHGM (FS-SHGM), which combines SHGM with structured illumination based on point-scanning, is introduced in this paper. The scanning path was modulated to generate illumination patterns. For the coherent parts of SHG signals, a mathematical model of image formation and reconstruction was established. Both simulations and experiments showed a resolution improvement factor of ~1.4 in the lateral and 1.56 in the axial directions for chicken tendons and mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Yeh
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Zn Tan
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ching-hsiao Arthur Cheng
- Department of Mathematics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ting Hung
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, 300 Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan
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14
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de Campos RP, Schultz IC, de Andrade Mello P, Davies S, Gasparin MS, Bertoni APS, Buffon A, Wink MR. Cervical cancer stem-like cells: systematic review and identification of reference genes for gene expression. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:139-152. [PMID: 28949053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide. Among many factors, the presence of cancer stem cells, a subpopulation of cells inside the tumor, has been associated with a worse prognosis. Considering the importance of gene expression studies to understand the biology of cervical cancer stem cells (CCSC), this work identifies stable reference genes for cervical cancer cell lines SiHa, HeLa, and ME180 as well as their respective cancer stem-like cells. A literature review was performed to identify validated reference genes currently used to normalize RT-qPCR data in cervical cancer cell lines. Then, cell lines were cultured in regular monolayer or in a condition that favors tumor sphere formation. RT-qPCR was performed using five reference genes: ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TBP. Stability was assessed to validate the selected genes as suitable reference genes. The evaluation validated B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TBP in these experimental conditions. Among them, GAPDH and TBP presented the lowest variability according to the analysis by Normfinder, Bestkeeper, and ΔCq methods, being therefore the most adequate genes to normalize the combination of all samples. These results suggest that B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TBP are suitable reference genes to normalize RT-qPCR data of established cervical cancer cell lines SiHa, HeLa, and ME180 as well as their derived cancer stem-like cells. Indeed, GAPDH and TBP seem to be the most convenient choices for studying gene expression in these cells in monolayers or spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael P de Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Iago C Schultz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paola de Andrade Mello
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Samuel Davies
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Manuela S Gasparin
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana P S Bertoni
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Laboratório de Análises Bioquímicas e Citológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Akhtari K, Hassanzadeh K, Fakhraei B, Akhtari G. Topological Analysis and Frequency Dependent Hyperpolarizability Calculations of FDDNP: a DFT Study. CHEMISTRY JOURNAL OF MOLDOVA 2016. [DOI: 10.19261/cjm.2016.11(2).04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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16
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Liu J, Irudayaraj JMK. Non-fluorescent quantification of single mRNA with transient absorption microscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19242-19248. [PMID: 27883134 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule detection is confounded by the background signals from the biological environment, such as autofluorescence, Rayleigh scattering, or turbidity in cells and tissues. In this article, we report on the utilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an orthogonal probe for non-fluorescence detection of single molecules with a transient absorption microscopy (TAM). The developed system and concepts were validated by quantitative evaluation of human epidermal receptor 2 (Her2) mRNA in cancer cells and tissues at single copy sensitivity. Results from TAM suggest that the average number of Her2 copies in SK-BR-3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells is 203.19 ± 80.48, and 11.29 ± 4.47, respectively. Furthermore, TAM offers excellent signal-to-noise ratio in detecting mRNA in clinical tissues, indicating a significantly higher expression of Her2 genes in breast cancer tissues than that of normal tissues. Our single cell quantification TAM strategy was validated with a fluorescence in situ hybridization approach. Our demonstration shows that TAM has the potential to provide a new dimension in biomarker quantification at single molecule sensitivity in turbid biological environments providing a strong basis for clinical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. and Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA. and Biochemical Spatio-Temporal NetWork Resource (BioSNTR), State of South Dakota, USA
| | - Joseph M K Irudayaraj
- Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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17
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Cui Y, Liu J, Irudayaraj J. Beyond quantification: in situ analysis of transcriptome and pre-mRNA alternative splicing at the nanoscale. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27813271 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In situ analysis offers a venue for dissecting the complex transcriptome in its natural context to tap into cellular processes that could explain the phenotypic physiology and pathology yet to be understood. Over the past decades, enormous progress has been made to improve the resolution, sensitivity, and specificity of single-cell technologies. The continued efforts in RNA research not only facilitates mechanistic studies of molecular biology but also provides state-of-the-art strategies for diagnostic purposes. The implementation of novel bio-imaging platforms has yielded valuable information for inspecting gene expression, mapping regulatory networks, and classifying cell types. In this article, we discuss the merits and technical challenges in single-molecule in situ RNA profiling. Advanced in situ hybridization methodologies developed for a variety of detection modalities are reviewed. Considering the fact that in mammalian cells the number of protein products immensely exceeds that of the actual coding genes due to pre-mRNA alternative splicing, tools capable of elucidating this process in intact cells are highlighted. To conclude, we point out future directions for in situ transcriptome analysis and expect a plethora of opportunities and discoveries in this field. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1443. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1443 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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18
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Superresolved multiphoton microscopy with spatial frequency-modulated imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:6605-10. [PMID: 27231219 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602811113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superresolved far-field microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating the structure of objects with resolution well below the diffraction limit of light. Nearly all superresolution imaging techniques reported to date rely on real energy states of fluorescent molecules to circumvent the diffraction limit, preventing superresolved imaging with contrast mechanisms that occur via virtual energy states, including harmonic generation (HG). We report a superresolution technique based on spatial frequency-modulated imaging (SPIFI) that permits superresolved nonlinear microscopy with any contrast mechanism and with single-pixel detection. We show multimodal superresolved images with two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) from biological and inorganic media. Multiphoton SPIFI (MP-SPIFI) provides spatial resolution up to 2η below the diffraction limit, where η is the highest power of the nonlinear intensity response. MP-SPIFI can be used to provide enhanced resolution in optically thin media and may provide a solution for superresolved imaging deep in scattering media.
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19
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Schmidt C, Riporto J, Uldry A, Rogov A, Mugnier Y, Dantec RL, Wolf JP, Bonacina L. Multi-Order Investigation of the Nonlinear Susceptibility Tensors of Individual Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25415. [PMID: 27140074 PMCID: PMC4853726 DOI: 10.1038/srep25415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We use Hyper Rayleigh Scattering and polarization resolved multiphoton microscopy to investigate simultaneously the second and third-order nonlinear response of Potassium Niobate and Bismuth Ferrite harmonic nanoparticles. We first derive the second-to-third harmonic intensity ratio for colloidal ensembles and estimate the average third-order efficiency of these two materials. Successively, we explore the orientation dependent tensorial response of individual nanoparticles fixed on a substrate. The multi-order polarization resolved emission curves are globally fitted with an analytical model to retrieve individual elements of susceptibility tensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schmidt
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, 22 chemin de Pinchat, Carouge, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Aline Uldry
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, 22 chemin de Pinchat, Carouge, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrii Rogov
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, 22 chemin de Pinchat, Carouge, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, 22 chemin de Pinchat, Carouge, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Université de Genève, GAP-Biophotonics, 22 chemin de Pinchat, Carouge, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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20
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Li J, Qiu J, Guo W, Wang S, Ma B, Mou X, Tanes M, Jiang H, Liu H. Cellular internalization of LiNbO3 nanocrystals for second harmonic imaging and the effects on stem cell differentiation. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7416-7422. [PMID: 27001708 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00785f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Second harmonic generation (SHG) nanocrystals have recently been reported to label cancer cells and other functional cell lines due to their unique double-frequency property. In this paper, we report for the first time the use of lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) nanocrystals as SHG labels for imaging stem cells. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were labeled with LN nanocrystals in order to study the cellular internalization of the nanocrystals and the influence on stem cell differentiation. The results showed that LN nanocrystals were endocytosed by the rMSCs and the distribution of the internalized nanoparticles demonstrated a high consistency with the orientation of the actin filaments. Besides, LN-labeled rMSCs showed a concentration-dependent viability. Most importantly, rMSCs labeled with 50 μg per mL of LN nanocrystals retained their ability to differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. The results prove that LN nanocrystals can be used as a cytocompatible, near-infrared (NIR) light driven cell label for long-term imaging, without hindering stem cell differentiation. This work will promote the use of LN nanocrystals to broader applications like deep-tissue tracking, remote drug delivery and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Weibo Guo
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Baojin Ma
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoning Mou
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Michael Tanes
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Huaidong Jiang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China. and Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), 100083, P. R. China.
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21
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Mor FM, Sienkiewicz A, Magrez A, Forró L, Jeney S. Single potassium niobate nano/microsized particles as local mechano-optical Brownian probes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6810-6819. [PMID: 26956197 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite alkaline niobates, due to their strong nonlinear optical properties, including birefringence and the capability to produce second-harmonic generation (SHG) signals, attract a lot of attention as potential candidates for applications as local nano/microsized mechano-optical probes. Here, we report on an implementation of photonic force microscopy (PFM) to explore the Brownian motion and optical trappability of monocrystalline potassium niobate (KNbO3) nano/microsized particles having sizes within the range of 50 to 750 nm. In particular, we exploit the anisotropic translational diffusive regime of the Brownian motion to quantify thermal fluctuations and optical forces of singly-trapped KNbO3 particles within the optical trapping volume of a PFM microscope. We also show that, under near-infrared (NIR) excitation of the highly focused laser beam of the PFM microscope, a single optically-trapped KNbO3 particle reveals a strong SHG signal manifested by a narrow peak (λ(em) = 532 nm) at half the excitation wavelength (λ(ex) = 1064 nm). Moreover, we demonstrate that the thus induced SHG emission can be used as a local light source that is capable of optically exciting molecules of an organic dye, Rose Bengal (RB), which adhere to the particle surface, through the mechanism of luminescence energy transfer (LET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio M Mor
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. and ADSresonances, CH-1028 Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Magrez
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - László Forró
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sylvia Jeney
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter (LPMC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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22
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Cui Y, Wang X, Ren W, Liu J, Irudayaraj J. Optical Clearing Delivers Ultrasensitive Hyperspectral Dark-Field Imaging for Single-Cell Evaluation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:3132-43. [PMID: 26895095 PMCID: PMC5338466 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A single-cell optical clearing methodology is developed and demonstrated in hyperspectral dark-field microscopy (HSDFM) and imaging of plasmonic nanoprobes. Our strategy relies on a combination of delipidation and refractive index (RI) matching with highly biocompatible and affordable agents. Before applying the RI-matching solution, the delipidation step by using a mild solvent effectively eliminates those high-density, lipid-enriched granular structures which emit strong scattering. Upon treatment, the background scattering from cellular organelles could be repressed to a negligible level while the scattering signals from plasmonic nanomaterials increase, leading to a significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). With this method established, the versatility and applicability of HSDFM are greatly enhanced. In our demonstration, quantitative mapping of the dimerization-activated receptor kinase HER2 is achieved in a single cancer cell by a nonfluorescent approach. High-resolution imaging for oncogenic mRNAs, namely ER, PR, and HER2, is performed with single labeling. More importantly, in situ multiplex detection of mRNA and protein is made possible by HSDFM since it overcomes the difficulties of complex staining and signal imbalance suffered by the conventional optical imaging. Last, we show that with optical clearing, characterization of intracellularly grown gold particulates is accomplished at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Taken together, the uniqueness of optical clearing and HSDFM is expected to open ample avenues for single-cell studies and biomedical engineering.
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23
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Wang S, Zhao X, Qian J, He S. Polyelectrolyte coated BaTiO3 nanoparticles for second harmonic generation imaging-guided photodynamic therapy with improved stability and enhanced cellular uptake. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05289d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel BaTiO3 nanoparticle-based platform for second harmonic generation imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Sailing He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentations
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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24
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Wang X, Cui Y, Irudayaraj J. Single-Cell Quantification of Cytosine Modifications by Hyperspectral Dark-Field Imaging. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11924-32. [PMID: 26505210 PMCID: PMC4766098 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications on DNA, especially on cytosine, play a critical role in regulating gene expression and genome stability. It is known that the levels of different cytosine derivatives are highly dynamic and are regulated by a variety of factors that act on the chromatin. Here we report an optical methodology based on hyperspectral dark-field imaging (HSDFI) using plasmonic nanoprobes to quantify the recently identified cytosine modifications on DNA in single cells. Gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with specific antibodies were used as contrast-generating agents due to their strong local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties. With this powerful platform we have revealed the spatial distribution and quantity of 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) at the different stages in cell cycle and demonstrated that 5caC was a stably inherited epigenetic mark. We have also shown that the regional density of 5caC on a single chromosome can be mapped due to the spectral sensitivity of the nanoprobes in relation to the interparticle distance. Notably, HSDFI enables an efficient removal of the scattering noises from nonspecifically aggregated nanoprobes, to improve accuracy in the quantification of different cytosine modifications in single cells. Further, by separating the LSPR fingerprints of AuNPs and AgNPs, multiplex detection of two cytosine modifications was also performed. Our results demonstrate HSDFI as a versatile platform for spatial and spectroscopic characterization of plasmonic nanoprobe-labeled nuclear targets at the single-cell level for quantitative epigenetic screening.
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25
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Liu J, Damayanti NP, Cho IH, Polar Y, Badve S, Irudayaraj JMK. Single-cell screening and quantification of transcripts in cancer tissues by second-harmonic generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:096016. [PMID: 26405822 PMCID: PMC4688913 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.096016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based single molecule techniques to interrogate gene expression in tissues present a very low signal-to-noise ratio due to the strong autofluorescence and other background signals from tissue sections. This report presents a background-free method using second-harmonic generation (SHG) nanocrystals as probes to quantify the messenger RNA (mRNA) of human epidermal growth receptor 2 (Her2) at single molecule resolution in specific phenotypes at single-cell resolution directly in tissues. Coherent SHG emission from individual barium titanium oxide (BTO) nanoprobes was demonstrated, allowing for a stable signal beyond the autofluorescence window. Her2 surface marker and Her2 mRNA were specifically labeled with BTO probes, and Her2 mRNA was quantified at single copy sensitivity in Her2 expressing phenotypes directly in cancer tissues. Our approach provides the first proof of concept of a cross-platform strategy to probe tissues at single-cell resolution in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
| | - Nur P. Damayanti
- Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Il-Hoon Cho
- Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Eulji University, College of Health Science, Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Seongnam 461–713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesim Polar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Sunil Badve
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Joseph M. K. Irudayaraj
- Purdue University, Bindley Bioscience Center and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Agriculture and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph M. K. Irudayaraj, E-mail:
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