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Opletal G, Barnard AS. Simulating Facet‐Dependent Aggregation and Assembly of Mixtures of Polyhedral Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George Opletal
- CSIRO Data61 Door 34 Village Street Docklands VIC 3008 Australia
| | - Amanda S. Barnard
- School of Computing Australian National University Acton ACT 2601 Australia
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2
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Opletal G, Chang SL, Barnard AS. Simulating facet-dependent aggregation and assembly of distributions of polyhedral nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19870-19879. [PMID: 32975268 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03470c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of diamond nanoparticles were performed to investigate the effects of size polydispersity on three polyhedral shapes chosen to span a diverse space of surface interactions. It was found that the resulting self-assembly was size dependent as the simulations were quenched, with the largest nanoparticles providing a clustered scaffold for subsequent smaller nanoparticle assembly. Additionally, facet-facet interactions were dominated by the {111} surface and the resulting aggregate was dominated by meso-sized porosity for monodisperse systems, broadening to larger diameters for polydisperse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Opletal
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Shery L Chang
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amanda S Barnard
- ANU Research School of Computer Science, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Parker AJ, Barnard AS. Machine learning reveals multiple classes of diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2020; 5:1394-1399. [PMID: 32840548 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Generating samples of nanoparticles with specific properties that allow for structural diversity, rather than requiring structural precision, is a more sustainable prospect for industry, where samples need to be both targeted to specific applications and cost effective. This can be better enabled by defining classes of nanoparticles and characterising the properties of the class as a whole. In this study, we use machine learning to predict the different classes of diamond nanoparticles based entirely on the structural features and explore the populations of these classes in terms of the size, shape, speciation and charge transfer properties. We identify 9 different types of diamond nanoparticles based on their similarity in 17 dimensions and, contrary to conventional wisdom, find that the fraction of sp2 or sp3 hybridized atoms are not strong determinants, and that the classes are only weakly related to size. Each class has been describe in such way as to enable rapid assignment using microanalysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Parker
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
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Wang QS, Gao LN, Zhu XN, Zhang Y, Zhang CN, Xu D, Cui YL. Co-delivery of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin by alginate nanogel particles attenuates the activation of macrophage and enhances the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6239-6255. [PMID: 31534548 PMCID: PMC6735516 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocarrier drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been paid more attention over conventional drug delivery system for cancer therapy. However, the efficacy is hampered by the fast clearance of activated macrophage from the blood circulation system. In this study, glycyrrhizin (GL) was introduced into alginate (ALG) nanogel particles (NGPs) to construct multifunctional delivery vehicle to decrease the fast clearance of activated macrophage and enhance the anticancer efficacy with the combination therapy of GL and doxorubicin (DOX). Methods: We firstly synthesized the GL-ALG NGPs with intermolecular hydrogen bond and ionic bond as the multifunctional delivery vehicle. The immune response and phagocytosis of macrophage on GL-ALG NGPs were investigated on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The pharmacokinetic study of DOX loaded in GL-ALG NGPs was performed in rats. The active targeting effects of GL-ALG NGPs were further studied on hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) and H22 tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the anticancer molecular mechanism of DOX/GL-ALG NGPs was investigated on HepG2 cells in vitro and tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Results: GL-ALG NGPs could not only avoid triggering the immuno-inflammatory responses of macrophages but also decreasing the phagocytosis of macrophage. The bioavailability of DOX was increased about 13.2 times by DOX/GL-ALG NGPs than free DOX in blood. The mice with normal immune functions used in constructing the tumor-bearing mice instead of the nude mouse also indicated the good biocompatibility of NGPs. GL-mediated ALG NGPs exhibited excellent hepatocellular carcinoma targeting effect in vitro and in vivo. The results suggested that the anticancer molecular mechanism of the combination therapy of glycyrrhizin and doxorubicin in ALG NGPs was performed via regulating apoptosis pathway of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 activity, which was also verified in H22 tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: DOX/GL-ALG NGPs could attenuate the activation of macrophage and enhance the therapeutic efficacy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results suggest that the combination therapy would provide a new strategy for liver cancer treatment.
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Barnard AS. Predicting the impact of structural diversity on the performance of nanodiamond drug carriers. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8893-8910. [PMID: 29737997 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds) are unique among carbon nanomaterials, and are quickly establishing a niché in the biomedical application domain. Nanodiamonds are non-toxic, amenable to economically viable mass production, and can be interfaced with a variety of functional moieties. However, developmental challenges arise due to the chemical complexity and structural diversity inherent in nanodiamond samples. Nanodiamonds present a narrow, but significant, distribution of sizes, a dizzying array of possible shapes, and a complicated surface containing aliphatic and aromatic carbon. In the past these facts have been cast as hindrances, stalling development until perfectly monodispersed samples could be achieved. Current research has moved in a different direction, exploring ways that the polydispersivity of nanodiamond samples can be used as a new degree of engineering freedom, and understanding the impact our limited synthetic control really has upon structure/property relationships. In this review a series of computational and statistical studies will be summarised and reviewed, to characterise the relationship between chemical complexity, structural diversity and the reactive performance of nanodiamond drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Barnard
- Data61 CSIRO, Door 34 Goods Shed Village St, Docklands, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Barnard AS. Heterogeneous PEGylation of diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:70-74. [PMID: 27910975 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coating the surfaces of inorganic nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an important step in the development of many nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The efficiency with which drug molecules can be loaded on to nanoparticle surfaces is contingent on the concentration, distribution and stability of the PEG coating. In this study the distribution and relative stability of PEG on diamond nanoparticles is predicted, for clean and passivated surface structures, in 3D. This is an ideal exemplar, since PEGylated diamond nanoparticles are already being trialed as carriers for doxorubicin (DOX). The results show that PEGylation is favorable near the {100} facets regardless of surface reconstructions or pre-treatment, but pre-treatment is required to increase the probability of stable and homogeneous PEGylation on other facets.
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7
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Sun B, Barnard AS. Impact of speciation on the electron charge transfer properties of nanodiamond drug carriers. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14264-14270. [PMID: 27404991 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03068h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unpassivated diamond nanoparticles (bucky-diamonds) exhibit a unique surface reconstruction involving graphitization of certain crystal facets, giving rise to hybrid core-shell particles containing both aromatic and aliphatic carbon. Considerable effort is directed toward eliminating the aromatic shell, but persistent graphitization of subsequent subsurface-layers makes perdurable purification a challenge. In this study we use some simple statistical methods, in combination with electronic structure simulations, to predict the impact of different fractions of aromatic and aliphatic carbon on the charge transfer properties of the ensembles of bucky-diamonds. By predicting quality factors for a variety of cases, we find that perfect purification is not necessary to preserve selectivity, and there is a clear motivation for purifying samples to improve the sensitivity of charge transfer reactions. This may prove useful in designing drug delivery systems where the release of (selected) drugs needs to be sensitive to specific conditions at the point of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Sun
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Zhang Z, Maji S, da Fonseca Antunes AB, De Rycke R, Hoogenboom R, De Geest BG. Salt-Driven Deposition of Thermoresponsive Polymer-Coated Metal Nanoparticles on Solid Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Samarendra Maji
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Riet De Rycke
- Inflammation Research Centre, VIB, Ghent
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; 9052 Gent Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Zhang Z, Maji S, da Fonseca Antunes AB, De Rycke R, Hoogenboom R, De Geest BG. Salt-Driven Deposition of Thermoresponsive Polymer-Coated Metal Nanoparticles on Solid Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7086-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Samarendra Maji
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Riet De Rycke
- Inflammation Research Centre, VIB, Ghent
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; 9052 Gent Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Ghent University; Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
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10
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Lai L, Barnard AS. Site-dependent atomic and molecular affinities of hydrocarbons, amines and thiols on diamond nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7899-7905. [PMID: 26659270 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Like many of the useful nanomaterials being produced on the industrial scale, the surface of diamond nanoparticles includes a complicated mixture of various atomic and molecular adsorbates, attaching to the facets following synthesis. Some of these adsorbates may be functional, and adsorption is encouraged to promote applications in biotechnology and nanomedicine, but others are purely adventurous and must be removed prior to use. In order to devise more effective treatments it is advantageous to know the relative strength of the interactions of the adsorbates with the surface, and ideally how abundant they are likely to be under different conditions. In this paper we use a series of explicit electronic structure simulations to map the distribution of small hydrocarbons, amines and thiols on a 2.9 nm diamond nanoparticle, with atomic level resolution, in 3-D. We find a clear relationship between surface reconstructions, facet orientation, and the distribution of the different adsorbates; with a greater concentration expected on the (100) and (110) facets, particularly when the supersaturation in the reservoir is high. Adsorption on the (111) facets is highly unlikely, suggesting that controlled graphitization may be a useful stage in the cleaning and treatment of nanodiamonds, prior to the deliberate coating with functional adsorbates needed for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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11
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Barnard AS. Challenges in modelling nanoparticles for drug delivery. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:023002. [PMID: 26682622 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/2/023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been significant advances in the fields of theoretical condensed matter and computational physics, when confronted with the complexity and diversity of nanoparticles available in conventional laboratories a number of modeling challenges remain. These challenges are generally shared among application domains, but the impacts of the limitations and approximations we make to overcome them (or circumvent them) can be more significant one area than another. In the case of nanoparticles for drug delivery applications some immediate challenges include the incompatibility of length-scales, our ability to model weak interactions and solvation, the complexity of the thermochemical environment surrounding the nanoparticles, and the role of polydispersivity in determining properties and performance. Some of these challenges can be met with existing technologies, others with emerging technologies including the data-driven sciences; some others require new methods to be developed. In this article we will briefly review some simple methods and techniques that can be applied to these (and other) challenges, and demonstrate some results using nanodiamond-based drug delivery platforms as an exemplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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12
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Barnard AS, Per MC. Size and shape dependent deprotonation potential and proton affinity of nanodiamond. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:445702. [PMID: 25302774 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/44/445702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many important reactions in biology and medicine involve proton abstraction and transfer, and it is integral to applications such as drug delivery. Unlike electrons, which are quantum mechanically delocalized, protons are instantaneously localized on specific residues in these reactions, which can be a distinct advantage. However, the introduction of nanoparticles, such as non-toxic nanodiamonds, to this field complicates matters, as the number of possible sites increases as the inverse radius of the particle. In this paper we present > 10(4) simulations that map the size- and shape-dependence of the deprotonation potential and proton affinity of nanodiamonds in the range 1.8-2.7 nm in average diameter. We find that while the average deprotonation potential and proton affinities decrease with size, the site-specific values are inhomogeneous over the surface of the particles, exhibiting strong shape-dependence. The proton affinity is strongly facet-dependent, whereas the deprotonation potential is edge/corner-dependent, which creates a type of spatial hysteresis in the transfer of protons to and from the nanodiamond, and provides new opportunities for selective functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Barnard
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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13
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Lai L, Barnard AS. Anisotropic adsorption and distribution of immobilized carboxyl on nanodiamond. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14185-14189. [PMID: 25340582 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05363j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Stable and predictable functionalization of nanodiamond with carboxyl is an important first step in loading these materials with therapeutic agents, and the conjugation with proteins, cytochrome, antigen, and DNA. By creating a map of the adsorption strength of COOH, OH, O and H with atomic level resolution across the entire surface of an experimentally realistic nanodiamond, we have shown how the distribution is highly anisotropic, and depends on surface reconstructions, facet orientation, and ultimately the shape. This provides useful insights into how the structure of nanodiamond impacts the formation of COOH surface monolayers, and suggests that efforts to separate nanodiamonds by shape would be highly beneficial in the development of drug delivery vehicles targeted to specific treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lai
- CSIRO Virtual Nanoscience Laboratory, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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14
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Impact of Nanomaterials on Health and Environment. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-012-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Smith AH, Robinson EM, Zhang XQ, Chow EK, Lin Y, Osawa E, Xi J, Ho D. Triggered release of therapeutic antibodies from nanodiamond complexes. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2844-8. [PMID: 21617824 PMCID: PMC8189670 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed that detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) can serve as efficient, biocompatible, and versatile drug delivery platforms. Consequently, further investigations exploring additional therapeutic applications are warranted. Current limitations associated with the non-specific nature of intravenous drugs limit the potential of certain pharmacological agents. One such treatment that could benefit from a stable delivery platform is antibody (Ab) therapy. Determination of Ab adsorption and desorption to a ND surface was subsequently examined using the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) antibody as a model therapeutic. ND-Ab complexes were found to be stable in water through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM, with no Ab released after ten days. Released Abs were detected in extreme pH solutions (3.5), DMEM (+) serum with pH levels ranging from 4 to 10.5, and inorganic saline solutions. Preserved activity of Abs released in DMEM (+) serum was confirmed using an ELISA. These results suggest ND-Ab complexes are synthesized and stabilized in water and are triggered to release active Abs upon exposure to physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne H Smith
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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16
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Power KA, Fitzgerald KT, Gallagher WM. Examination of cell–host–biomaterial interactions via high-throughput technologies: A re-appraisal. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6667-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Theogarajan L, Li H, Busse K, Desai S, Kressler J, Scholz C. Self-assembly of ABA triblock copolymers based on functionalized polydimethylsiloxane and polymethyloxazoline. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Parylene-Encapsulated Copolymeric Membranes as Localized and Sustained Drug Delivery Platforms. Ann Biomed Eng 2009; 37:2003-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Huang H, Chen M, Bruno P, Lam R, Robinson E, Gruen D, Ho D. Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Thin Films Functionalized with Therapeutically Active Collagen Networks. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:2966-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9004086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houjin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Mark Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Paola Bruno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Robert Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Erik Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Dieter Gruen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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20
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Zhuang Y, Lin J, Wang L, Zhang L. Self-Assembly Behavior of AB/AC Diblock Copolymer Mixtures in Dilute Solution. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:1906-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liquan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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21
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Pierstorff E, Lam R, Ho D. Nanoscale architectural tuning of parylene patch devices to control therapeutic release rates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:445104. [PMID: 21832721 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/44/445104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The advent of therapeutic functionalized implant coatings has significantly impacted the medical device field by enabling prolonged device functionality for enhanced patient treatment. Incorporation of drug release from a stable, biocompatible surface is instrumental in decreasing systemic application of toxic therapeutics and increasing the lifespan of implants by the incorporation of antibiotics and anti-inflammatories. In this study, we have developed a parylene C-based device for controlled release of Doxorubicin, an anti-cancer chemotherapy and definitive read-out for preserved drug functionality, and further characterized the parylene deposition condition-dependent tunability of drug release. Drug release is controlled by the deposition of a layer of 20-200 nm thick parylene over the drug layer. This places a porous layer above the Doxorubicin, limiting drug elution based on drug accessibility to solvent and the solvent used. An increase in the thickness of the porous top layer prolongs the elution of active drug from the device from, in the conditions tested, the order of 10 min to the order of 2 d in water and from the order of 10 min to no elution in PBS. Thus, the controlled release of an anti-cancer therapeutic has been achieved via scalably fabricated, parylene C-encapsulated drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Pierstorff
- Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Robert R McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Shin E, Chen M, Daram S, Samuel S, Gupta S, Robinson E, Pierstorff E, Ho D. Dynamic Cellular Adhesion Mediated by Copolymeric Nanofilm Substrates. JALA (CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA.) 2008; 13:206-214. [PMID: 25892972 PMCID: PMC4400669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are finding increased potential in biological and medical research due to their innate alternating hydrophilic and hydrophilic blocks/segments which can be used to package therapeutics, or coat a broad array of biological interfaces. Some studies are already directed towards utilizing these copolymers' ability to form micelles or vesicles to develop novel methods of drug delivery to prevent inflammation or pro-cancer activity. Our study, however, aims to investigate the more fundamental cell-block copolymer interaction for use in protective nanofilms to prevent bio-fouling of non-tissue based implantable devices. Block copolymers could potentially fill the demand for biologically inert, highly functionalizable biomaterials desirable for this type of application. Two such polymers used in our study include PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA triblock copolymer and PEO/PMMA diblock copolymer. Each block copolymer possesses hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks that enable it to mimic the cell lipid membrane. So far we have shown that triblock copolymer is capable of inhibiting the accumulation of murine macrophages onto glass substrates. Preliminary evidence has suggested that the triblock copolymer has anti-adsorptive as well as non-inflammatory capabilities during short incubation periods (7 days) in vitro. While the diblock copolymer displays minimal anti-adsorptive activities, nanofilms comprised of a mixture of the two copolymers were able to significantly reduce macrophage accumulation onto glass substrates. The disparate behavior seen by macrophages on the different materials may be due to specific inherent properties such as preference for hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic surfaces and/or rough vs. smooth nano-textures. Furthermore, the specific end groups of the two polymers may exhibit varying capacities to resisting non-specific protein adsorption. Continued investigation outlining the physical and chemical properties desirable for an anti-adsorptive nano-film coating will serve as a basis upon which to design durable implant-tissue interfaces that can react to various external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Mark Chen
- Depts. of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Shiva Daram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Siby Samuel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Suraj Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Erik Robinson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Erik Pierstorff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
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Pierstorff E, Krucoff M, Ho D. Apoptosis induction and attenuation of inflammatory gene expression in murine macrophages via multitherapeutic nanomembranes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:265103. [PMID: 21828672 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/26/265103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The realization of optimized therapeutic delivery is impaired by the challenge of localized drug activity and by the dangers of systemic cytotoxicity which often contribute to patient treatment complications. Here we demonstrate the block copolymer-mediated deposition and release of multiple therapeutics which include an LXRα/β agonist 3-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-4-phenyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (LXRa) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) at the air-water interface via Langmuir-Blodgett deposition, as well as copolymer-mediated potent drug elution toward the Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The resultant copolymer-therapeutic hybrid serves as a localized platform that can be functionalized with virtually any drug due to the integrated hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of the polymer structure. In addition, the sequestering function of the copolymer to anchor the drugs to implant surfaces can enhance delivery specificity when compared to systemic drug administration. Confirmation of drug functionality was confirmed via suppression of the interleukin 6 (Il-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) inflammatory cytokines (LXRa), as well as DNA fragmentation analysis (Dox). Furthermore, the fragmentation assays and gene expression analysis demonstrated the innate biocompatibility of the copolymeric material at the gene expression level via the confirmed absence of material-induced apoptosis and a lack of inflammatory gene expression. This modality enables layer-by-layer control of agonist and chemotherapeutic functionalization at the nanoscale for the localization of drug dosage, while simultaneously utilizing the copolymer platform as an anchoring mechanism for drug sequestering, all with an innate material thickness of 4 nm per layer, which is orders of magnitude thinner than existing commercial technologies. Furthermore, these studies comprehensively confirmed the potential translational applicability of copolymeric nanomaterials as localized multitherapeutic thin film platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Pierstorff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert R McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Robert R McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Hammond PT. Enabling nanoscience: from computation to experimental assay tools. ACS NANO 2008; 2:811-812. [PMID: 19206475 DOI: 10.1021/nn800262n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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Pierstorff E, Ho D. Nanomembrane-driven co-elution and integration of active chemotherapeutic and anti-inflammatory agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3:425-33. [PMID: 19337411 PMCID: PMC2636579 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s4035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of therapeutic drugs from the surface of implantable devices is instrumental for the reduction of medical costs and toxicity associated with systemic administration. In this study we demonstrate the triblock copolymer-mediated deposition and release of multiple therapeutics from a single thin film at the air-water interface via Langmuir-Blodgett deposition. The dual drug elution of dexamethasone (Dex) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) from the thin film is measured by response in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The integrated hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of the polymer structure allows for the creation of hybrids of the copolymer and the hydrophobic Dex and the hydrophilic Dox. Confirmation of drug release and functionality was demonstrated via suppression of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) inflammatory cytokines (Dex), as well as TUNEL staining and DNA fragmentation analysis (Dox). The inherent biocompatibility of the copolymeric material is further demonstrated by the lack of inflammation and apoptosis induction in cells grown on the copolymer films. Thus a layer-by-layer anchored deposition of an anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic functionalized copolymer film is able to localize drug dosage to the surface of a medical device, all with an innate material thickness of 4 nm per layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Pierstorff
- Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Robert R McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science
| | - Dean Ho
- Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Robert R McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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