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Goh J, De Mel S, Hoppe MM, Mohd Abdul Rashid MB, Zhang XY, Jaynes P, Ka Yan Ng E, Rahmat NDB, Jayalakshmi, Liu CX, Poon L, Chan E, Lee J, Chee YL, Koh LP, Tan LK, Soh TG, Yuen YC, Loi HY, Ng SB, Goh X, Eu D, Loh S, Ng S, Tan D, Cheah DMZ, Pang WL, Huang D, Ong SY, Nagarajan C, Chan JY, Ha JCH, Khoo LP, Somasundaram N, Tang T, Ong CK, Chng WJ, Lim ST, Chow EK, Jeyasekharan AD. An ex vivo platform to guide drug combination treatment in relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn7824. [PMID: 36260690 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although combination therapy is the standard of care for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR-NHL), combination treatment chosen for an individual patient is empirical, and response rates remain poor in individuals with chemotherapy-resistant disease. Here, we evaluate an experimental-analytic method, quadratic phenotypic optimization platform (QPOP), for prediction of patient-specific drug combination efficacy from a limited quantity of biopsied tumor samples. In this prospective study, we enrolled 71 patients with RR-NHL (39 B cell NHL and 32 NK/T cell NHL) with a median of two prior lines of treatment, at two academic hospitals in Singapore from November 2017 to August 2021. Fresh biopsies underwent ex vivo testing using a panel of 12 drugs with known efficacy against NHL to identify effective single and combination treatments. Individualized QPOP reports were generated for 67 of 75 patient samples, with a median turnaround time of 6 days from sample collection to report generation. Doublet drug combinations containing copanlisib or romidepsin were most effective against B cell NHL and NK/T cell NHL samples, respectively. Off-label QPOP-guided therapy offered at physician discretion in the absence of standard options (n = 17) resulted in five complete responses. Among patients with more than two prior lines of therapy, the rates of progressive disease were lower with QPOP-guided treatments than with conventional chemotherapy. Overall, this study shows that the identification of patient-specific drug combinations through ex vivo analysis was achievable for RR-NHL in a clinically applicable time frame. These data provide the basis for a prospective clinical trial evaluating ex vivo-guided combination therapy in RR-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Sanjay De Mel
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Michal M Hoppe
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Xi Yun Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Patrick Jaynes
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Esther Ka Yan Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Jayalakshmi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Clementine Xin Liu
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Limei Poon
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Esther Chan
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Yen Lin Chee
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Liang Piu Koh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lip Kun Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Teck Guan Soh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Yi Ching Yuen
- Department of Pharmacy, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Hoi-Yin Loi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Xueying Goh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Donovan Eu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Stanley Loh
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Sheldon Ng
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Daryl Tan
- Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital, Singapore 329563, Singapore.,Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Daryl Ming Zhe Cheah
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Wan Lu Pang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Dachuan Huang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Shin Yeu Ong
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | | | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Blood Cancer Centre, Singapore 168582, Singapore
| | - Jeslin Chian Hung Ha
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Khoo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Nagavalli Somasundaram
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Tiffany Tang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soon Thye Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Blood Cancer Centre, Singapore 168582, Singapore.,Office of Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Edward K Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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2
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Tan JL, Li F, Yeo JZ, Yong KJ, Bassal MA, Ng GH, Lee MY, Leong CY, Tan HK, Wu CS, Liu BH, Chan HM, Tan ZH, Chan YS, Wang S, Lim ZH, Toh TB, Hooi L, Low KN, Ma S, Kong NR, Stein AJ, Wu Y, Thangavelu MT, Suzuki A, Periyasamy G, Asara JM, Dan YY, Bonney GK, Chow EK, Lu GD, Ng HH, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB, Tam WL, Chai L, Tenen DG. Abstract 1788: A high-throughput chemical genetic screen reveals SALL4-induced metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Transcription factors are important drivers of cancer but the development of therapeutics against these factors has had limited success. We developed a stringent high-throughput chemical genetic screening platform to identify compounds that target oncogenic transcription factor SALL4 dependency in liver cancer. The platform comprises SALL4 low- and high-expressing endogenous and engineered isogenic liver cancer cell lines. Unexpectedly, from screening 21,575 natural product extracts, the top hits were four oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors that selectively reduced SALL4-dependent cell viability. The ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin suppressed SALL4-expressing cancer in lung and liver cancer cell culture models, and in patient-derived xenograft models of liver cancer. Oligomycin also synergized with sorafenib, the standard-of-care targeted therapy in liver cancer, to effectively suppress SALL4-driven tumorigenesis in vivo. When aberrantly expressed in cancer, SALL4 binds ~50% of mitochondrial genes, including many oxidative phosphorylation genes, to predominantly upregulate their expression. SALL4 upregulation also alters the levels of oxidative phosphorylation-related metabolites and functionally increases oxidative phosphorylation activity. Application of our endogenous/isogenic transcription factor-screening platform revealed a therapeutically actionable oxidative phosphorylation vulnerability in SALL4-expressing cancers.
Citation Format: Justin L. Tan, Feng Li, Joanna Z. Yeo, Kol Jia Yong, Mahmoud A. Bassal, Guo Hao Ng, May Yin Lee, Chung Yan Leong, Hong Kee Tan, Chan-Shuo Wu, Bee Hui Liu, Hon Man Chan, Zi Hui Tan, Yun Shen Chan, Siyu Wang, Zhi Han Lim, Tan Boon Toh, Lissa Hooi, Kia Ngee Low, Siming Ma, Nikki R. Kong, Alicia J. Stein, Yue Wu, Matan T. Thangavelu, Atsushi Suzuki, Giridharan Periyasamy, John M. Asara, Yock Young Dan, Glenn K. Bonney, Edward K. Chow, Guo-Dong Lu, Huck Hui Ng, Yoganathan Kanagasundaram, Siew Bee Ng, Wai Leong Tam, Li Chai, Daniel G. Tenen. A high-throughput chemical genetic screen reveals SALL4-induced metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1788.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. Tan
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Feng Li
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Z. Yeo
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kol Jia Yong
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Guo Hao Ng
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Yin Lee
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hong Kee Tan
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan-Shuo Wu
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Hui Liu
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon Man Chan
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Hui Tan
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Shen Chan
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siyu Wang
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi Han Lim
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siming Ma
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Yue Wu
- 4Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yock Young Dan
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Edward K. Chow
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huck Hui Ng
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siew Bee Ng
- 3Bioinformatics Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- 1Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Chai
- 4Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel G. Tenen
- 2Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Ho D, Quake SR, McCabe ERB, Chng WJ, Chow EK, Ding X, Gelb BD, Ginsburg GS, Hassenstab J, Ho CM, Mobley WC, Nolan GP, Rosen ST, Tan P, Yen Y, Zarrinpar A. Enabling Technologies for Personalized and Precision Medicine. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:497-518. [PMID: 31980301 PMCID: PMC7924935 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Individualizing patient treatment is a core objective of the medical field. Reaching this objective has been elusive owing to the complex set of factors contributing to both disease and health; many factors, from genes to proteins, remain unknown in their role in human physiology. Accurately diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disorders requires advances in biomarker discovery, the subsequent development of accurate signatures that correspond with dynamic disease states, as well as therapeutic interventions that can be continuously optimized and modulated for dose and drug selection. This work highlights key breakthroughs in the development of enabling technologies that further the goal of personalized and precision medicine, and remaining challenges that, when addressed, may forge unprecedented capabilities in realizing truly individualized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore; The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, CA, USA; Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward K Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Ginsburg
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University, NC, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Yen
- College of Medical Technology, Center of Cancer Translational Research, Taipei Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation & Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Florida, FL, USA
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4
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Abdulla A, Wang B, Qian F, Kee T, Blasiak A, Ong YH, Hooi L, Parekh F, Soriano R, Olinger GG, Keppo J, Hardesty CL, Chow EK, Ho D, Ding X. Project IDentif.AI: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Rapidly Optimize Combination Therapy Development for Infectious Disease Intervention. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2020; 3:2000034. [PMID: 32838027 PMCID: PMC7235487 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In 2019/2020, the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) resulted in rapid increases in infection rates as well as patient mortality. Treatment options addressing COVID‐19 included drug repurposing, investigational therapies such as remdesivir, and vaccine development. Combination therapy based on drug repurposing is among the most widely pursued of these efforts. Multi‐drug regimens are traditionally designed by selecting drugs based on their mechanism of action. This is followed by dose‐finding to achieve drug synergy. This approach is widely‐used for drug development and repurposing. Realizing synergistic combinations, however, is a substantially different outcome compared to globally optimizing combination therapy, which realizes the best possible treatment outcome by a set of candidate therapies and doses toward a disease indication. To address this challenge, the results of Project IDentif.AI (Identifying Infectious Disease Combination Therapy with Artificial Intelligence) are reported. An AI‐based platform is used to interrogate a massive 12 drug/dose parameter space, rapidly identifying actionable combination therapies that optimally inhibit A549 lung cell infection by vesicular stomatitis virus within three days of project start. Importantly, a sevenfold difference in efficacy is observed between the top‐ranked combination being optimally and sub‐optimally dosed, demonstrating the critical importance of ideal drug and dose identification. This platform is disease indication and disease mechanism‐agnostic, and potentially applicable to the systematic N‐of‐1 and population‐wide design of highly efficacious and tolerable clinical regimens. This work also discusses key factors ranging from healthcare economics to global health policy that may serve to drive the broader deployment of this platform to address COVID‐19 and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Abdulla
- Institute for Personalized Medicine School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Boqian Wang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
| | - Feng Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology Human Phenome Institute School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Theodore Kee
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) National University of Singapore Singapore 117456 Singapore.,The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM) Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 11756 Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering NUS Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore
| | - Agata Blasiak
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) National University of Singapore Singapore 117456 Singapore.,The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM) Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 11756 Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering NUS Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore
| | - Yoong Hun Ong
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) National University of Singapore Singapore 117456 Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore
| | | | | | - Gene G Olinger
- Global Health Surveillance and Diagnostic Division MRIGlobal Gaithersburg MD 20878 USA.,Boston University School of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases Boston MA 02118 USA
| | - Jussi Keppo
- NUS Business School and Institute of Operations Research and Analytics National University of Singapore Singapore 119245 Singapore
| | - Chris L Hardesty
- KPMG Global Health and Life Sciences Centre of Excellence Singapore 048581 Singapore
| | - Edward K Chow
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) National University of Singapore Singapore 117456 Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Singapore 117599 Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117600 Singapore
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1) National University of Singapore Singapore 117456 Singapore.,The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM) Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 11756 Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering NUS Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117583 Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117600 Singapore
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200030 China
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5
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Tan JL, Li F, Yeo JZ, Yong KJ, Bassal MA, Ng GH, Lee MY, Leong CY, Tan HK, Wu CS, Liu BH, Chan TH, Tan ZH, Chan YS, Wang S, Lim ZH, Toh TB, Hooi L, Low KN, Ma S, Kong NR, Stein AJ, Wu Y, Thangavelu MT, Suzuki A, Periyasamy G, Asara JM, Dan YY, Bonney GK, Chow EK, Lu GD, Ng HH, Kanagasundaram Y, Ng SB, Tam WL, Tenen DG, Chai L. New High-Throughput Screening Identifies Compounds That Reduce Viability Specifically in Liver Cancer Cells That Express High Levels of SALL4 by Inhibiting Oxidative Phosphorylation. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:1615-1629.e17. [PMID: 31446059 PMCID: PMC7309153 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Some oncogenes encode transcription factors, but few drugs have been successfully developed to block their activity specifically in cancer cells. The transcription factor SALL4 is aberrantly expressed in solid tumor and leukemia cells. We developed a screen to identify compounds that reduce the viability of liver cancer cells that express high levels of SALL4, and we investigated their mechanisms. METHODS We developed a stringent high-throughput screening platform comprising unmodified SNU-387 and SNU-398 liver cancer cell lines and SNU-387 cell lines engineered to express low and high levels of SALL4. We screened 1597 pharmacologically active small molecules and 21,575 natural product extracts from plant, bacteria, and fungal sources for those that selectively reduce the viability of cells with high levels of SALL4 (SALL4hi cells). We compared gene expression patterns of SALL4hi cells vs SALL4-knockdown cells using RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses. Xenograft tumors were grown in NOD/SCID gamma mice from SALL4hi SNU-398 or HCC26.1 cells or from SALL4lo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells; mice were given injections of identified compounds or sorafenib, and the effects on tumor growth were measured. RESULTS Our screening identified 1 small molecule (PI-103) and 4 natural compound analogues (oligomycin, efrapeptin, antimycin, and leucinostatin) that selectively reduced viability of SALL4hi cells. We performed validation studies, and 4 of these compounds were found to inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase inhibitor oligomycin reduced the viability of SALL4hi hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines with minimal effects on SALL4lo cells. Oligomycin also reduced the growth of xenograft tumors grown from SALL4hi SNU-398 or HCC26.1 cells to a greater extent than sorafenib, but oligomycin had little effect on tumors grown from SALL4lo PDX cells. Oligomycin was not toxic to mice. Analyses of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data showed that SALL4 binds approximately 50% of mitochondrial genes, including many oxidative phosphorylation genes, to activate their transcription. In comparing SALL4hi and SALL4-knockdown cells, we found SALL4 to increase oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen consumption rate, mitochondrial membrane potential, and use of oxidative phosphorylation-related metabolites to generate ATP. CONCLUSIONS In a screening for compounds that reduce the viability of cells that express high levels of the transcription factor SALL4, we identified inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, which slowed the growth of xenograft tumors from SALL4hi cells in mice. SALL4 activates the transcription of genes that regulate oxidative phosphorylation to increase oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP generation in cancer cells. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation might be used for the treatment of liver tumors with high levels of SALL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Feng Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Z Yeo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kol Jia Yong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Bassal
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guo Hao Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - May Yin Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chung Yan Leong
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hong Kee Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chan-Shuo Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Hui Liu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim H Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Hui Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Shen Chan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Siyu Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Zhi Han Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kia Ngee Low
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Siming Ma
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nikki R Kong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia J Stein
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Matan T Thangavelu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Division of Organogenesis and Regeneration, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Giridharan Periyasamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Glenn K Bonney
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Surgical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Edward K Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China; Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention and Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education of China, Nanning, China
| | - Huck Hui Ng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Siew Bee Ng
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Li Chai
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mitragotri S, Anderson DG, Chen X, Chow EK, Ho D, Kabanov AV, Karp JM, Kataoka K, Mirkin CA, Petrosko SH, Shi J, Stevens MM, Sun S, Teoh S, Venkatraman SS, Xia Y, Wang S, Gu Z, Xu C. Accelerating the Translation of Nanomaterials in Biomedicine. ACS Nano 2015; 9:6644-54. [PMID: 26115196 PMCID: PMC5227554 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to their size and tailorable physicochemical properties, nanomaterials are an emerging class of structures utilized in biomedical applications. There are now many prominent examples of nanomaterials being used to improve human health, in areas ranging from imaging and diagnostics to therapeutics and regenerative medicine. An overview of these examples reveals several common areas of synergy and future challenges. This Nano Focus discusses the current status and future potential of promising nanomaterials and their translation from the laboratory to the clinic, by highlighting a handful of successful examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mitragotri
- Center for Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Address correspondence to: , ,
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Edward K. Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077
| | - Dean Ho
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Departments of Materials Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Sarah Hurst Petrosko
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Laboratory for Nanoengineering & Drug Delivery, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sweehin Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Subbu S. Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shutao Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Address correspondence to: , ,
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Address correspondence to: , ,
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7
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8
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Moore LK, Chow EK, Osawa E, Bishop JM, Ho D. Diamond-lipid hybrids enhance chemotherapeutic tolerance and mediate tumor regression. Adv Mater 2013; 25:3532-41. [PMID: 23584895 PMCID: PMC3872062 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanodiamond-lipid hybrid particles (NDLPs) harness the potent interaction between the nanodiamond (ND)-surface and small molecules, while providing a mechanism for cell-targeted imaging and therapy of triple negative breast cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted NDLPs are highly biocompatible particles that provide cell-specific imaging, promote tumor retention of ND-complexes, prevent epirubicin toxicities and mediate regression of triple negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K. Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Edward K. Chow
- George Williams Hooper Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Eiji Osawa
- NanoCarbon Research Institute Shinshu University Ueda, Nagano, Japan
| | - J. Michael Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology George Williams Hooper Foundation University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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Zhang XQ, Lam R, Xu X, Chow EK, Kim HJ, Ho D. Multimodal nanodiamond drug delivery carriers for selective targeting, imaging, and enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy. Adv Mater 2011; 23:4770-5. [PMID: 21932280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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11
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Chow EK, Zhang XQ, Chen M, Lam R, Robinson E, Huang H, Schaffer D, Osawa E, Goga A, Ho D. Nanodiamond therapeutic delivery agents mediate enhanced chemoresistant tumor treatment. Sci Transl Med 2011; 3:73ra21. [PMID: 21389265 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing chemotherapeutic efficiency through improved drug delivery would facilitate treatment of chemoresistant cancers, such as recurrent mammary tumors and liver cancer. One way to improve drug delivery is through the use of nanodiamond (ND) therapies, which are both scalable and biocompatible. Here, we examined the efficacy of an ND-conjugated chemotherapeutic in mouse models of liver and mammary cancer. A complex (NDX) of ND and doxorubicin (Dox) overcame drug efflux and significantly increased apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition beyond conventional Dox treatment in both murine liver tumor and mammary carcinoma models. Unmodified Dox treatment represents the clinical standard for most cancer treatment regimens, and NDX had significantly decreased toxicity in vivo compared to standard Dox treatment. Thus, ND-conjugated chemotherapy represents a promising, biocompatible strategy for overcoming chemoresistance and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Chow
- George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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12
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Smith AH, Robinson EM, Zhang XQ, Chow EK, Lin Y, Osawa E, Xi J, Ho D. Triggered release of therapeutic antibodies from nanodiamond complexes. Nanoscale 2011; 3:2844-8. [PMID: 21617824 PMCID: PMC8189670 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports have revealed that detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) can serve as efficient, biocompatible, and versatile drug delivery platforms. Consequently, further investigations exploring additional therapeutic applications are warranted. Current limitations associated with the non-specific nature of intravenous drugs limit the potential of certain pharmacological agents. One such treatment that could benefit from a stable delivery platform is antibody (Ab) therapy. Determination of Ab adsorption and desorption to a ND surface was subsequently examined using the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) antibody as a model therapeutic. ND-Ab complexes were found to be stable in water through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM, with no Ab released after ten days. Released Abs were detected in extreme pH solutions (3.5), DMEM (+) serum with pH levels ranging from 4 to 10.5, and inorganic saline solutions. Preserved activity of Abs released in DMEM (+) serum was confirmed using an ELISA. These results suggest ND-Ab complexes are synthesized and stabilized in water and are triggered to release active Abs upon exposure to physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne H Smith
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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13
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Ghaffari AA, Chow EK, Iyer SS, Deng JC, Cheng G. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid suppresses acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity independent of type I interferons and toll-like receptor 3. Hepatology 2011; 53:2042-52. [PMID: 21433044 PMCID: PMC3103596 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Viral infections are often linked to altered drug metabolism in patients; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we describe a mechanism by which activation of antiviral responses by the synthetic double-stranded RNA ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), leads to decreased acetaminophen (APAP) metabolism and hepatotoxicity. PolyI:C administration down-regulates expression of retinoic X receptor-α (RXRα) as well as its heterodimeric partner pregnane X receptor (PXR) in mice. This down-regulation results in suppression of downstream cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in conversion of APAP to its toxic metabolite. Although the effects of polyI:C on drug metabolism are often attributed to interferon production, we report that polyI:C can decrease APAP metabolism in the absence of the type I interferon receptor. Furthermore, we demonstrate that polyI:C can attenuate APAP metabolism through both its membrane-bound receptor, Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as well as cytoplasmic receptors. CONCLUSION This is the first study to illustrate that in vivo administration of polyI:C affects drug metabolism independent of type I interferon production or in the absence of TLR3 through crosstalk between nuclear receptors and antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir A. Ghaffari
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Edward K. Chow
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Shankar S. Iyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jane C. Deng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
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14
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Shahangian A, Chow EK, Tian X, Kang JR, Ghaffari A, Liu SY, Belperio JA, Cheng G, Deng JC. Type I IFNs mediate development of postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:1910-20. [PMID: 19487810 DOI: 10.1172/jci35412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza-related complications continue to be a major cause of mortality worldwide. Due to unclear mechanisms, a substantial number of influenza-related deaths result from bacterial superinfections, particularly secondary pneumococcal pneumonia. Here, we report what we believe to be a novel mechanism by which influenza-induced type I IFNs sensitize hosts to secondary bacterial infections. Influenza-infected mice deficient for type I IFN-alpha/beta receptor signaling (Ifnar-/- mice) had improved survival and clearance of secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection from the lungs and blood, as compared with similarly infected wild-type animals. The less effective response in wild-type mice seemed to be attributable to impaired production of neutrophil chemoattractants KC (also known as Cxcl1) and Mip2 (also known as Cxcl2) following secondary challenge with S. pneumoniae. This resulted in inadequate neutrophil responses during the early phase of host defense against secondary bacterial infection. Indeed, influenza-infected wild-type mice cleared secondary pneumococcal pneumonia after pulmonary administration of exogenous KC and Mip2, whereas neutralization of Cxcr2, the common receptor for KC and Mip2, reversed the protective phenotype observed in Ifnar-/- mice. These data may underscore the importance of the type I IFN inhibitory pathway on CXC chemokine production. Collectively, these findings highlight what we believe to be a novel mechanism by which the antiviral response to influenza sensitizes hosts to secondary bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Shahangian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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15
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Chow EK, Castrillo A, Shahangian A, Pei L, O'Connell RM, Modlin RL, Tontonoz P, Cheng G. A role for IRF3-dependent RXRalpha repression in hepatotoxicity associated with viral infections. J Exp Med 2006; 203:2589-602. [PMID: 17074929 PMCID: PMC2118146 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and antiviral responses have been linked to several metabolic diseases, including Reye's syndrome, which is aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity in the context of a viral infection. We identify an interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent but type I interferon-independent pathway that strongly inhibits the expression of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and suppresses the induction of its downstream target genes, including those involved in hepatic detoxification. Activation of IRF3 by viral infection in vivo greatly enhances bile acid- and aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results provide a critical link between the innate immune response and host metabolism, identifying IRF3-mediated down-regulation of RXRalpha as a molecular mechanism for pathogen-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Chow
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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16
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Chow EK, O'Connell RM, Schilling S, Wang XF, Fu XY, Cheng G. TLR agonists regulate PDGF-B production and cell proliferation through TGF-beta/type I IFN crosstalk. EMBO J 2005; 24:4071-81. [PMID: 16308570 PMCID: PMC1356307 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and type I interferon (IFN) autocrine/paracrine loops are recognized as key mediators of signaling cascades that control a variety of cellular functions. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists utilize these two autocrine/paracrine loops to differentially regulate the induction of PDGF-B, a growth factor implicated in a number of diseases ranging from tumor metastasis to glomerulonephritis. We demonstrate that CpG-specific induction of PDGF-B requires activation of Smads through TGFbeta1 autocrine/paracrine signaling. In contrast, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid strongly represses CpG's as well as its own intrinsic ability to induce PDGF-B mRNA through type I IFN-mediated induction of Smad7, a negative regulator of Smad3/4. Furthermore, we have shown that this crosstalk mechanism translates into similar regulation of mesangial cell proliferation. Thus, our results demonstrate the importance of crosstalk between TGF-beta and type I IFNs in determining the specificity of TLR-mediated gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Chow
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan M O'Connell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Schilling
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xin-Yuan Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Tel.: +1 310 825 8896; Fax: +1 310 206 5553; E-mail:
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17
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Perry AK, Chow EK, Goodnough JB, Yeh WC, Cheng G. Differential requirement for TANK-binding kinase-1 in type I interferon responses to toll-like receptor activation and viral infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 199:1651-8. [PMID: 15210743 PMCID: PMC2212814 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1) and the inducible IκB kinase (IKK-i) have been shown recently to activate interferon (IFN) regulatory factor-3 (IRF3), the primary transcription factor regulating induction of type I IFNs. Here, we have compared the role and specificity of TBK1 in the type I IFN response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyI:C, and viral challenge by examining IRF3 nuclear translocation, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 phosphorylation, and induction of IFN-regulated genes. The LPS and polyI:C-induced IFN responses were abolished and delayed, respectively, in macrophages from mice with a targeted disruption of the TBK1 gene. When challenged with Sendai virus, the IFN response was normal in TBK1−/− macrophages, but defective in TBK1−/− embryonic fibroblasts. Although both TBK1 and IKK-i are expressed in macrophages, only TBK1 but not IKK-i was detected in embryonic fibroblasts by Northern blotting analysis. Furthermore, the IFN response in TBK1−/− embryonic fibroblasts can be restored by reconstitution with wild-type IKK-i but not a mutant IKK-i lacking kinase activity. Thus, our studies suggest that TBK1 plays an important role in the Toll-like receptor–mediated IFN response and is redundant with IKK-i in the response of certain cell types to viral infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Interferon Regulatory Factor-3
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/immunology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Transcription Factors/physiology
- Virus Diseases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, 8-240 Factor Bldg., 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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18
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Doyle SE, O'Connell RM, Miranda GA, Vaidya SA, Chow EK, Liu PT, Suzuki S, Suzuki N, Modlin RL, Yeh WC, Lane TF, Cheng G. Toll-like receptors induce a phagocytic gene program through p38. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 199:81-90. [PMID: 14699082 PMCID: PMC1887723 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20031237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and phagocytosis are hallmarks of macrophage-mediated innate immune responses to bacterial infection. However, the relationship between these two processes is not well established. Our data indicate that TLR ligands specifically promote bacterial phagocytosis, in both murine and human cells, through induction of a phagocytic gene program. Importantly, TLR-induced phagocytosis of bacteria was found to be reliant on myeloid differentiation factor 88–dependent signaling through interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase-4 and p38 leading to the up-regulation of scavenger receptors. Interestingly, individual TLRs promote phagocytosis to varying degrees with TLR9 being the strongest and TLR3 being the weakest inducer of this process. We also demonstrate that TLR ligands not only amplify the percentage of phagocytes uptaking Escherichia coli, but also increase the number of bacteria phagocytosed by individual macrophages. Taken together, our data describe an evolutionarily conserved mechanism by which TLRs can specifically promote phagocytic clearance of bacteria during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Doyle
- Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California-Los Angeles, 8-240 Factor Building, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Doyle SE, O'Connell R, Vaidya SA, Chow EK, Yee K, Cheng G. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates a more potent antiviral response than Toll-like receptor 4. J Immunol 2003; 170:3565-71. [PMID: 12646618 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.7.3565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described an IFN regulatory factor 3-mediated antiviral gene program that is induced by both Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR4 ligands. In our current study, we show that activation of IFN/viral response gene expression in primary macrophage cells is stronger and prolonged with TLR3 stimulation compared with that of TLR4. Our data also reveal that the cytoplasmic tails of both TLR3 and TLR4 can directly interact with myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). However, although Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain-containing adaptor protein/MyD88 adaptor-like is able to associate with TLR4, we were unable to detect any interaction between Toll/IL-1 receptor homology domain-containing adaptor protein/MyD88 adaptor-like and TLR3. By using quantitative real-time PCR assays, we found that TLR3 expression is inducible by both TLR3 and TLR4 ligands, while TLR4 expression is not inducible by these same stimuli. Furthermore, using cells derived from mice deficient in the IFN-alphabetaR, we show that both TLR3 and TLR4 require IFN-beta autocrine/paracrine feedback to induce TLR3 expression and activate/enhance genes required for antiviral activity. More specifically, a subset of antiviral genes is initially induced independent of IFN-beta, yet the cytokine further enhances expression at later time points. This was in contrast to a second set of genes (including TLR3) that is induced only after IFN-beta production. Taken together, our data argue that, despite both TLR3 and TLR4 being able to use IFN-beta to activate/enhance antiviral gene expression, TLR3 uses multiple mechanisms to enhance and sustain the antiviral response more strongly than TLR4.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Antiviral Agents/genetics
- Antiviral Agents/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Gammaherpesvirinae/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/metabolism
- Interferon-beta/biosynthesis
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Interferon-beta/physiology
- Ligands
- Membrane Glycoproteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta
- Receptors, Cell Surface/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cell Surface/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Interferon/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/physiology
- STAT1 Transcription Factor
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 3
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Doyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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20
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Abstract
We report a case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage where the left upper and lower pulmonary veins drain into a separate posterior left atrial (LA) chamber before continuing as a vertical ascending vein. The vertical vein then joins the left innominate vein, which eventually drains into a normal right-sided superior vena cava. There was no fenestration or communication between this posterior chamber and the true LA. The true LA contained the fossa ovale and LA appendage. The right upper and lower pulmonary veins drain normally into the true LA. To our knowledge, this is the first case where the left upper and lower pulmonary veins drain into a separate posterior LA chamber before continuing into a vertical vein. The diagnosis was initially made with transesophageal echocardiography and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The patient later underwent successful corrective operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiok C Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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