1
|
Hyeon JS, Kim S, Song GH, Moon JH, Park JW, Baughman RH, Kim SJ. High-Performance One-Body Electrochemical Torsional Artificial Muscles Built Using Carbon Nanotubes and Ion-Exchange Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59939-59945. [PMID: 38087433 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical torsional artificial muscles have the potential to replace electric motors in the field of miniaturization. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are some of the best materials for electrochemical torsional artificial muscles due to their remarkable mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity. However, previous studies on CNT torsional muscle utilize only half of the whole potential range for torsional actuation because the actuations in the positive and negative voltage ranges offset each other. Here, we used an ion-exchange polymer, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), which leads to the participation of only positive ions in the actuation of CNT muscles so that the whole potential range can be used for torsional actuation. As a result, PSS-coated CNT muscle can provide 1.9 times higher torsional actuation compared to neat CNT torsional muscle. This PSS-coated CNT muscle not only provides high performance but also facilitates a one-body system for electrochemical torsional actuation. From these advantages, we implement a one-body torsional muscle for the realization of the forward motion of a model boat. This high performance and one-body structure for electrochemical torsional muscles can be used for further applications, such as soft robotics and implantable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sang Hyeon
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Seongjun Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Gyu Hyeon Song
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Seon Jeong Kim
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Center for Self-Powered Actuation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brzobohatý O, Duchaň M, Jákl P, Ježek J, Šiler M, Zemánek P, Simpson SH. Synchronization of spin-driven limit cycle oscillators optically levitated in vacuum. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5441. [PMID: 37673926 PMCID: PMC10482900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We explore, experimentally and theoretically, the emergence of coherent coupled oscillations and synchronization between a pair of non-Hermitian, stochastic, opto-mechanical oscillators, levitated in vacuum. Each oscillator consists of a polystyrene microsphere trapped in a circularly polarized, counter-propagating Gaussian laser beam. Non-conservative, azimuthal forces, deriving from inhomogeneous optical spin, push the micro-particles out of thermodynamic equilibrium. For modest optical powers each particle shows a tendency towards orbital circulation. Initially, their stochastic motion is weakly correlated. As the power is increased, the tendency towards orbital circulation strengthens and the motion of the particles becomes highly correlated. Eventually, centripetal forces overcome optical gradient forces and the oscillators undergo a collective Hopf bifurcation. For laser powers exceeding this threshold, a pair of limit cycles appear, which synchronize due to weak optical and hydrodynamic interactions. In principle, arrays of such Non-Hermitian elements can be arranged, paving the way for opto-mechanical topological materials or, possibly, classical time crystals. In addition, the preparation of synchronized states in levitated optomechanics could lead to new and robust sensors or alternative routes to the entanglement of macroscopic objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oto Brzobohatý
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Duchaň
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jákl
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ježek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šiler
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tognato R, Bronte Ciriza D, Maragò OM, Jones PH. Modelling red blood cell optical trapping by machine learning improved geometrical optics calculations. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:3748-3762. [PMID: 37497516 PMCID: PMC10368044 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Optically trapping red blood cells allows for the exploration of their biophysical properties, which are affected in many diseases. However, because of their nonspherical shape, the numerical calculation of the optical forces is slow, limiting the range of situations that can be explored. Here we train a neural network that improves both the accuracy and the speed of the calculation and we employ it to simulate the motion of a red blood cell under different beam configurations. We found that by fixing two beams and controlling the position of a third, it is possible to control the tilting of the cell. We anticipate this work to be a promising approach to study the trapping of complex shaped and inhomogeneous biological materials, where the possible photodamage imposes restrictions in the beam power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Tognato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - D. Bronte Ciriza
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, I- 98158, Italy
| | - O. M. Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, I- 98158, Italy
| | - P. H. Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hao S, Xie Z, Wang W, Kou J, Wu F. Self-propelled continuous transport of nanoparticles on a wedge-shaped groove track. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4910-4916. [PMID: 36779838 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the directional motion of nanoparticles on the surface is particularly important for human life, but achieving continuous transport is a time-consuming and demanding task. Here, a spontaneous movement of nanoflakes on a wedge-shaped groove track is demonstrated by using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, an optimized track, where one end of the substrate is cut into an angle, is introduced to induce a sustained directional movement. It is shown that the wedge-shaped interface results in a driving force for the nanoflakes to move from the diverging to the converging end, and the angular substrate provides an auxiliary driving force at the junction to maintain continuous transport. A force analysis is carried out in detail to reveal the driving mechanism. Moreover, the sustained transport is sensitive to the surface energy and structural characteristics of the track: the nanoflakes are more likely to move continuously on the track with lower surface energy and a smaller substrate and groove opening angle. The present findings are useful for designing nanodevices to control the movement of nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqian Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zhang Xie
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jianlong Kou
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Fengmin Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid State Optoelectronic Devices and Zhejiang Institute of Photonelectronics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bai W, Shao M, Zhou J, Zhao Q, Ji F, Zhong MC. An opto-thermal approach for rotating a trapped core-shell magnetic microparticle with patchy shell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:084902. [PMID: 36050094 DOI: 10.1063/5.0092384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to trap and rotate magnetic particles has important applications in biophysical research and optical micromachines. However, it is difficult to achieve the spin rotation of magnetic particles with optical tweezers due to the limit in transferring spin angular momentum of light. Here, we propose a method to obtain controlled spin rotation of a magnetic microparticle by the phoretic torque, which is originated from inhomogeneous heating of the microparticle's surface. The microparticle is trapped and rotated nearby the laser focus center. The rotation frequency is several Hertz and can be controlled by adjusting the laser power. Our work provides a method to the study of optical rotation of microscopic magnetic particles, which will push toward both translational and rotational manipulation of the microparticles simultaneously in a single optical trap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Meng Shao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Min-Cheng Zhong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Šípová-Jungová H, Andrén D, Jones S, Käll M. Nanoscale Inorganic Motors Driven by Light: Principles, Realizations, and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2019; 120:269-287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Šípová-Jungová
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steven Jones
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tracking the rotation of single CdS nanorods during photocatalysis with surface plasmon resonance microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6630-6634. [PMID: 30872472 PMCID: PMC6452698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotational dynamics of anisotropic nanomaterials reveals and regulates their behaviors and functions in diverse fields ranging from nanomotors, biomechanics, and enzymatic catalysis to microrheology. An optical imaging technique that is suitable for all kinds of anisotropic nanoobjects, regardless of its inherent optical property, is thus highly desirable and it is yet to be demonstrated. In the present work, by taking a nonfluorescent and nonplasmonic CdS nanorod as an example, we demonstrate the capability of a recently developed surface plasmon resonance microscopy for determining the orientation of single anisotropic nanomaterials with arbitrary chemical composition and morphology. While rotational dynamics of anisotropic nanoobjects has often been limited in plasmonic and fluorescent nanomaterials, here we demonstrate the capability of a surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) to determine the orientation of all kinds of anisotropic nanomaterials. By taking CdS nanorods as an example, it was found that two-dimensional Fourier transform of the asymmetrical wave-like SPRM image resulted in a peak in its angular spectrum in k space. Consistency between the peak angle and the geometrical orientation of the nanorod was validated by both in situ scanning electron microscope characterizations and theoretical calculations. Real-time monitoring of the rotational dynamics of single CdS nanorods further revealed the accelerated rotation under appropriate reaction conditions for photocatalyzed hydrogen generation. The driving force was attributed to the asymmetric production of hydrogen molecules as a result of inhomogeneous distribution of reactive sites within the nanorod. The present work not only builds the experimental and theoretical connections between the orientation of anisotropic nanomaterials and its SPRM images; the general suitability of SPRM also sheds light on broad types of nonfluorescent and nonplasmonic anisotropic nanoobjects from semiconductors to bacteria and viruses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chiral optical tweezers for optically active particles in the T-matrix formalism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 30631081 PMCID: PMC6328542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling optical tweezers in the T-matrix formalism has been of key importance for accurate and efficient calculations of optical forces and their comparison with experiments. Here we extend this formalism to the modeling of chiral optomechanics and optical tweezers where chiral light is used for optical manipulation and trapping of optically active particles. We first use the Bohren decomposition to deal with the light scattering of chiral light on optically active particles. Thus, we show analytically that all the observables (cross sections, asymmetry parameters) are split into a helicity dependent and independent part and study a practical example of a complex resin particle with inner copper-coated stainless steel helices. Then, we apply this chiral T-matrix framework to optical tweezers where a tightly focused chiral field is used to trap an optically active spherical particle, calculate the chiral behaviour of optical trapping stiffnesses and their size scaling, and extend calculations to chiral nanowires and clusters of astrophysical interest. Such general light scattering framework opens perspectives for modeling optical forces on biological materials where optically active amino acids and carbohydrates are present.
Collapse
|
9
|
Donato MG, Brzobohatý O, Simpson SH, Irrera A, Leonardi AA, Lo Faro MJ, Svak V, Maragò OM, Zemánek P. Optical Trapping, Optical Binding, and Rotational Dynamics of Silicon Nanowires in Counter-Propagating Beams. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:342-352. [PMID: 30525673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires are held and manipulated in controlled optical traps based on counter-propagating beams focused by low numerical aperture lenses. The double-beam configuration compensates light scattering forces enabling an in-depth investigation of the rich dynamics of trapped nanowires that are prone to both optical and hydrodynamic interactions. Several polarization configurations are used, allowing the observation of optical binding with different stable structure as well as the transfer of spin and orbital momentum of light to the trapped silicon nanowires. Accurate modeling based on Brownian dynamics simulations with appropriate optical and hydrodynamic coupling confirms that this rich scenario is crucially dependent on the non-spherical shape of the nanowires. Such an increased level of optical control of multiparticle structure and dynamics open perspectives for nanofluidics and multi-component light-driven nanomachines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Oto Brzobohatý
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Antonio A Leonardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Maria J Lo Faro
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania , Italy
| | - Vojtěch Svak
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina , Italy
| | - Pavel Zemánek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS , Kralovopolska 147 , 61264 Brno , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi P, Du L, Yuan X. Structured spin angular momentum in highly focused cylindrical vector vortex beams for optical manipulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:23449-23459. [PMID: 30184845 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the spin properties of a family of cylindrical vector vortex beams under a focusing condition. The spin-orbit interaction is demonstrated by comparing the energy flow and spin flow density of the focused field to those of the incident field. This spin-orbit interaction is analyzed to construct the desired distribution of spin angular momentum for optical manipulation. The structured spin angular momentum of the focused field can transfer to the optical torque for the non-magnetic absorptive particle. The influences of polarization topological charge, vortex topological charge and wavelength on optical torque in the hot-spot of focused field are summarized for three typical particles. Such results may be exploited in practical optical manipulation, particularly for optically induced rotations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Andrén D, Karpinski P, Käll M. Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30010664 PMCID: PMC6102027 DOI: 10.3791/57947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and artificial nanomotors and may provide new routes towards single cell analysis, studies of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and mechanical actuation of nanoscale systems. A facile way to drive rotation is to use focused circularly polarized laser light in optical tweezers. Using this approach, metallic nanoparticles can be operated as highly efficient scattering-driven rotary motors spinning at unprecedented rotation frequencies in water. In this protocol, we outline the construction and operation of circularly-polarized optical tweezers for nanoparticle rotation and describe the instrumentation needed for recording the Brownian dynamics and Rayleigh scattering of the trapped particle. The rotational motion and the scattering spectra provides independent information on the properties of the nanoparticle and its immediate environment. The experimental platform has proven useful as a nanoscopic gauge of viscosity and local temperature, for tracking morphological changes of nanorods and molecular coatings, and as a transducer and probe of photothermal and thermodynamic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andrén
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology;
| | | | - Mikael Käll
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Amendola V, Pilot R, Frasconi M, Maragò OM, Iatì MA. Surface plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles: a review. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:203002. [PMID: 28426435 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa60f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, plasmon resonance in gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been the subject of intense research efforts. Plasmon physics is intriguing and its precise modelling proved to be challenging. In fact, plasmons are highly responsive to a multitude of factors, either intrinsic to the Au NPs or from the environment, and recently the need emerged for the correction of standard electromagnetic approaches with quantum effects. Applications related to plasmon absorption and scattering in Au NPs are impressively numerous, ranging from sensing to photothermal effects to cell imaging. Also, plasmon-enhanced phenomena are highly interesting for multiple purposes, including, for instance, Raman spectroscopy of nearby analytes, catalysis, or sunlight energy conversion. In addition, plasmon excitation is involved in a series of advanced physical processes such as non-linear optics, optical trapping, magneto-plasmonics, and optical activity. Here, we provide the general overview of the field and the background for appropriate modelling of the physical phenomena. Then, we report on the current state of the art and most recent applications of plasmon resonance in Au NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Amendola
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy. Consorzio INSTM, UdR Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Donato MG, Mazzulla A, Pagliusi P, Magazzù A, Hernandez RJ, Provenzano C, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM, Cipparrone G. Light-induced rotations of chiral birefringent microparticles in optical tweezers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31977. [PMID: 27601200 PMCID: PMC5013277 DOI: 10.1038/srep31977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the rotational dynamics of solid chiral and birefringent microparticles induced by elliptically polarized laser light in optical tweezers. We find that both reflection of left circularly polarized light and residual linear retardance affect the particle dynamics. The degree of ellipticity of laser light needed to induce rotations is found. The experimental results are compared with analytical calculations of the transfer of angular moment from elliptically polarized light to chiral birefringent particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - A Mazzulla
- CNR- Nanotec, UOS Cosenza, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - P Pagliusi
- CNR- Nanotec, UOS Cosenza, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - A Magazzù
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - R J Hernandez
- CNR- Nanotec, UOS Cosenza, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - C Provenzano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - P G Gucciardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - O M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, V. le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - G Cipparrone
- CNR- Nanotec, UOS Cosenza, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Irrera A, Magazzù A, Artoni P, Simpson SH, Hanna S, Jones PH, Priolo F, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Photonic Torque Microscopy of the Nonconservative Force Field for Optically Trapped Silicon Nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4181-8. [PMID: 27280642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We measure, by photonic torque microscopy, the nonconservative rotational motion arising from the transverse components of the radiation pressure on optically trapped, ultrathin silicon nanowires. Unlike spherical particles, we find that nonconservative effects have a significant influence on the nanowire dynamics in the trap. We show that the extreme shape of the trapped nanowires yields a transverse component of the radiation pressure that results in an orbital rotation of the nanowire about the trap axis. We study the resulting motion as a function of optical power and nanowire length, discussing its size-scaling behavior. These shape-dependent nonconservative effects have implications for optical force calibration and optomechanics with levitated nonspherical particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Magazzù
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Artoni
- MATIS CNR-IMM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania , I-95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Stephen H Simpson
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, v.v.i. Czech Academy of Sciences , 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Hanna
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , BS8 1TL Bristol, U.K
| | - Philip H Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , WC1E 6BT London, U.K
| | - Francesco Priolo
- MATIS CNR-IMM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania , I-95123, Catania, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, Università di Catania , I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici , I-98158 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu X, Cheng C, Zhang Y, Lei H, Li B. Dual focused coherent beams for three-dimensional optical trapping and continuous rotation of metallic nanostructures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29449. [PMID: 27386838 PMCID: PMC4937446 DOI: 10.1038/srep29449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles and nanowires are extremely important for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Techniques to optically trap and rotate metallic nanostructures can enable their potential applications. However, because of the destabilizing effects of optical radiation pressure, the optical trapping of large metallic particles in three dimensions is challenging. Additionally, the photothermal issues associated with optical rotation of metallic nanowires have far prevented their practical applications. Here, we utilize dual focused coherent beams to realize three-dimensional (3D) optical trapping of large silver particles. Continuous rotation of silver nanowires with frequencies measured in several hertz is also demonstrated based on interference-induced optical vortices with very low local light intensity. The experiments are interpreted by numerical simulations and calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hongxiang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Baojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim K, Guo J, Liang ZX, Zhu FQ, Fan DL. Man-made rotary nanomotors: a review of recent developments. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10471-90. [PMID: 27152885 PMCID: PMC4873439 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of rotary nanomotors is an essential step towards intelligent nanomachines and nanorobots. In this article, we review the concept, design, working mechanisms, and applications of state-of-the-art rotary nanomotors made from synthetic nanoentities. The rotary nanomotors are categorized according to the energy sources employed to drive the rotary motion, including biochemical, optical, magnetic, and electric fields. The unique advantages and limitations for each type of rotary nanomachines are discussed. The advances of rotary nanomotors is pivotal for realizing dream nanomachines for myriad applications including microfluidics, biodiagnosis, nano-surgery, and biosubstance delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwanoh Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Jianhe Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Z X Liang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - F Q Zhu
- NovaMinds, LLC, 9535 Ketona Cv., Austin, TX 78759, USA
| | - D L Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kuhn S, Asenbaum P, Kosloff A, Sclafani M, Stickler BA, Nimmrichter S, Hornberger K, Cheshnovsky O, Patolsky F, Arndt M. Cavity-Assisted Manipulation of Freely Rotating Silicon Nanorods in High Vacuum. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5604-8. [PMID: 26167662 PMCID: PMC4538454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical control of nanoscale objects has recently developed into a thriving field of research with far-reaching promises for precision measurements, fundamental quantum physics and studies on single-particle thermodynamics. Here, we demonstrate the optical manipulation of silicon nanorods in high vacuum. Initially, we sculpture these particles into a silicon substrate with a tailored geometry to facilitate their launch into high vacuum by laser-induced mechanical cleavage. We manipulate and trace their center-of-mass and rotational motion through the interaction with an intense intracavity field. Our experiments show that the anisotropy of the nanorotors leads to optical forces that are three times stronger than on silicon nanospheres of the same mass. The optical torque experienced by the spinning rods will enable cooling of the rotational motion and torsional optomechanics in a dissipation-free environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kuhn
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Asenbaum
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alon Kosloff
- School
of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michele Sclafani
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Hornberger
- University
of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße
1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ori Cheshnovsky
- School
of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | | | - Markus Arndt
- University
of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, VCQ, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
We demonstrate an optical tweezers using a laser beam on which is imprinted a focusing phase profile generated by a Devil's staircase fractal structure (Cantor set). We show that a beam shaped in this way is capable of stably trapping a variety of micron- and submicron-sized particles and calibrate the optical trap as a function of the control parameters of the fractal structure, and explain the observed variation as arising from radiation pressure exerted by unfocused parts of the beam in the region of the optical trap. Experimental results are complemented by calculation of the structure of the focus in the regime of high numerical aperture.
Collapse
|
19
|
Messina E, Donato MG, Zimbone M, Saija R, Iatì MA, Calcagno L, Fragalà ME, Compagnini G, D'Andrea C, Foti A, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping of silver nanoplatelets. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:8720-8730. [PMID: 25968710 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping of silver nanoplatelets obtained with a simple room temperature chemical synthesis technique is reported. Trap spring constants are measured for platelets with different diameters to investigate the size-scaling behaviour. Experimental data are compared with models of optical forces based on the dipole approximation and on electromagnetic scattering within a T-matrix framework. Finally, we discuss applications of these nanoplatelets for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lehmuskero A, Johansson P, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Tong L, Käll M. Laser trapping of colloidal metal nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2015; 9:3453-3469. [PMID: 25808609 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping using focused laser beams (laser tweezers) has been proven to be extremely useful for contactless manipulation of a variety of small objects, including biological cells, organelles within cells, and a wide range of other dielectric micro- and nano-objects. Colloidal metal nanoparticles have drawn increasing attention in the field of optical trapping because of their unique interactions with electromagnetic radiation, caused by surface plasmon resonance effects, enabling a large number of nano-optical applications of high current interest. Here we try to give a comprehensive overview of the field of laser trapping and manipulation of metal nanoparticles based on results reported in the recent literature. We also discuss and describe the fundamentals of optical forces in the context of plasmonic nanoparticles, including effects of polarization, optical angular momentum, and laser heating effects, as well as the various techniques that have been used to trap and manipulate metal nanoparticles. We conclude by suggesting possible directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Lehmuskero
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Johansson
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- ‡School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- §Quantum Science Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lianming Tong
- ∥Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- ⊥Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Mikael Käll
- †Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ferrari AC, Bonaccorso F, Fal'ko V, Novoselov KS, Roche S, Bøggild P, Borini S, Koppens FHL, Palermo V, Pugno N, Garrido JA, Sordan R, Bianco A, Ballerini L, Prato M, Lidorikis E, Kivioja J, Marinelli C, Ryhänen T, Morpurgo A, Coleman JN, Nicolosi V, Colombo L, Fert A, Garcia-Hernandez M, Bachtold A, Schneider GF, Guinea F, Dekker C, Barbone M, Sun Z, Galiotis C, Grigorenko AN, Konstantatos G, Kis A, Katsnelson M, Vandersypen L, Loiseau A, Morandi V, Neumaier D, Treossi E, Pellegrini V, Polini M, Tredicucci A, Williams GM, Hong BH, Ahn JH, Kim JM, Zirath H, van Wees BJ, van der Zant H, Occhipinti L, Di Matteo A, Kinloch IA, Seyller T, Quesnel E, Feng X, Teo K, Rupesinghe N, Hakonen P, Neil SRT, Tannock Q, Löfwander T, Kinaret J. Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4598-810. [PMID: 25707682 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 983] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Magazzú A, Spadaro D, Donato MG, Sayed R, Messina E, D’Andrea C, Foti A, Fazio B, Iatí MA, Irrera A, Saija R, Gucciardi PG, Maragó OM. Optical tweezers: a non-destructive tool for soft and biomaterial investigations. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-015-0395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
23
|
Al Balushi AA, Kotnala A, Wheaton S, Gelfand RM, Rajashekara Y, Gordon R. Label-free free-solution nanoaperture optical tweezers for single molecule protein studies. Analyst 2015; 140:4760-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoaperture optical tweezers have enabled studies of single nanoparticles like proteins in label-free, free-solution environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Al Balushi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Abhay Kotnala
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Skyler Wheaton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Ryan M. Gelfand
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Yashaswini Rajashekara
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- University of Victoria
- Victoria
- Canada V8P5C2
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Spadaro D, Iatì MA, Donato MG, Gucciardi PG, Saija R, Cherlakola AR, Scaramuzza S, Amendola V, Maragò OM. Scaling of optical forces on Au–PEG core–shell nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20922f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical trapping of hybrid core–shell gold–polymer particles is studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria A. Iatì
- CNR-IPCF
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici
- Messina
- Italy
| | | | | | - Rosalba Saija
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra
- Università di Messina
- Messina
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liaw JW, Chen YS, Kuo MK. Rotating Au nanorod and nanowire driven by circularly polarized light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:26005-15. [PMID: 25401634 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength-dependent optical torques provided by a circularly polarized (CP) plane wave driving Au nanorod (NR) and nanowire (NW) to rotate constantly were studied theoretically. Using the multiple multipole method, the resultant torque in terms of Maxwell's stress tensor was analyzed. Numerical results show that the optical torque spectrum is in accordance with the absorption spectrum of Au NR/NW. Under the same fluence, the maximum optical torque occurs at the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NR/NW, accompanied by a severe plasmonic heating. The rotation direction of the light-driven NR/NW depends on the handedness of CP light. In contrast, the optical torque exerted on Au NR/NW illuminated by a linearly polarized light is null at LSPR. Due to the plasmonic effect, the optical torque on Au NR/NW by CP light is two orders of magnitude larger than that on a dielectric NR/NW of the same size. The steady-state rotation of NR/NW in water, resulting from the balance of optical torque and viscous torque, was also discussed. Our finding shed some light on manipulating a CP light-driven Au NR/NW as a rotating nanomotor for a variety of applications in optofluidics and biophysics.
Collapse
|
26
|
Donato MG, Hernandez J, Mazzulla A, Provenzano C, Saija R, Sayed R, Vasi S, Magazzù A, Pagliusi P, Bartolino R, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM, Cipparrone G. Polarization-dependent optomechanics mediated by chiral microresonators. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3656. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
27
|
Controllable orientation of single silver nanowire using two fiber probes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3989. [PMID: 24496474 PMCID: PMC3913928 DOI: 10.1038/srep03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a strategy for realizing precise orientation of single silver nanowire using two fiber probes. By launching a laser of 980 nm wavelength into the two fibers, single silver nanowire with a diameter of 600 nm and a length of 6.5 μm suspended in water was trapped and rotated by optical torque resulting from its interaction with optical fields outputted from the fiber probes. Angular orientation of the nanowire was controlled by varying the relative distance between the two fiber probes. The angular stiffness, which refers to the stability of orientation, was estimated to be on the order of 10−19 J/rad2·mW. The experiments were interpreted by theoretical analysis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Merola F, Miccio L, Memmolo P, Di Caprio G, Galli A, Puglisi R, Balduzzi D, Coppola G, Netti P, Ferraro P. Digital holography as a method for 3D imaging and estimating the biovolume of motile cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4512-6. [PMID: 24129638 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50515d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sperm morphology is regarded as a significant prognostic factor for fertilization, as abnormal sperm structure is one of the most common factors in male infertility. Furthermore, obtaining accurate morphological information is an important issue with strong implications in zoo-technical industries, for example to perform sorting of species X from species Y. A challenging step forward would be the availability of a fast, high-throughput and label-free system for the measurement of physical parameters and visualization of the 3D shape of such biological specimens. Here we show a quantitative imaging approach to estimate simply and quickly the biovolume of sperm cells, combining the optical tweezers technique with digital holography, in a single and integrated set-up for a biotechnology assay process on the lab-on-a-chip scale. This approach can open the way for fast and high-throughput analysis in label-free microfluidic based "cytofluorimeters" and prognostic examination based on sperm morphology, thus allowing advancements in reproductive science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Merola
- CNR-INO, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nourhani A, Byun YM, Lammert PE, Borhan A, Crespi VH. Nanomotor mechanisms and motive force distributions from nanorotor trajectories. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:062317. [PMID: 24483454 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.062317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanomotors convert chemical energy into mechanical motion. For a given motor type, the underlying chemical reaction that enables motility is typically well known, but the detailed, quantitative mechanism by which this reaction breaks symmetry and converts chemical energy to mechanical motion is often less clear, since it is difficult experimentally to measure important parameters such as the spatial distribution of chemical species around the nanorotor during operation. Without this information on how motor geometry affects motor function, it is difficult to control and optimize nanomotor behavior. Here we demonstrate how one easily observable characteristic of nanomotor operation-the visible trajectory of a nanorotor-can provide quantitative information about the role of asymmetry in nanomotor operation, as well as insights into the spatial distribution of motive force along the surface of the nanomotor, the motive torques, and the effective diffusional motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nourhani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Young-Moo Byun
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Paul E Lammert
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ali Borhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vincent H Crespi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maragò OM, Jones PH, Gucciardi PG, Volpe G, Ferrari AC. Optical trapping and manipulation of nanostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:807-19. [PMID: 24202536 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical trapping and manipulation of micrometre-sized particles was first reported in 1970. Since then, it has been successfully implemented in two size ranges: the subnanometre scale, where light-matter mechanical coupling enables cooling of atoms, ions and molecules, and the micrometre scale, where the momentum transfer resulting from light scattering allows manipulation of microscopic objects such as cells. But it has been difficult to apply these techniques to the intermediate - nanoscale - range that includes structures such as quantum dots, nanowires, nanotubes, graphene and two-dimensional crystals, all of crucial importance for nanomaterials-based applications. Recently, however, several new approaches have been developed and demonstrated for trapping plasmonic nanoparticles, semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanostructures. Here we review the state-of-the-art in optical trapping at the nanoscale, with an emphasis on some of the most promising advances, such as controlled manipulation and assembly of individual and multiple nanostructures, force measurement with femtonewton resolution, and biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio M Maragò
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lehmuskero A, Ogier R, Gschneidtner T, Johansson P, Käll M. Ultrafast spinning of gold nanoparticles in water using circularly polarized light. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3129-34. [PMID: 23777484 DOI: 10.1021/nl4010817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the position and movement of small objects with light is an appealing way to manipulate delicate samples, such as living cells or nanoparticles. It is well-known that optical gradient and radiation pressure forces caused by a focused laser beam enables trapping and manipulation of objects with strength that is dependent on the particle's optical properties. Furthermore, by utilizing transfer of photon spin angular momentum, it is also possible to set objects into rotational motion simply by targeting them with a beam of circularly polarized light. Here we show that this effect can set ∼200 nm radii gold particles trapped in water in 2D by a laser tweezers into rotation at frequencies that reach several kilohertz, much higher than any previously reported light driven rotation of a microscopic object. We derive a theory for the fluctuations in light scattering from a rotating particle, and we argue that the high rotation frequencies observed experimentally is the combined result of favorable optical particle properties and a low local viscosity due to substantial heating of the particles surface layer. The high rotation speed suggests possible applications in nanofluidics, optical sensing, and microtooling of soft matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Lehmuskero
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang DS, Wei SC, Liao SC, Lin CW. Gold nanorods as probes in two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: emerging applications and potential artifacts. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:882-9. [PMID: 23749499 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the highly efficient two-photon fluorescence of gold nanorods and very short fluorescence lifetime compared with the rotational correlation time, the rotation and diffusion of a single gold nanorod can be easily observed by two-photon fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TP-FCS). This property, along with the previous successful use as a contrast agent in two-photon fluorescence imaging, suggests a potential application in TP-FCS as well. Although the FCS measurement becomes highly efficient with gold nanorods as probes, the amplitude and temporal decay of the measured correlation functions depend critically on excitation power. Here, we investigate various photophysical processes of gold nanorods to determine the cause of such a sensitive power dependency. This understanding provides a basis for choosing appropriate FCS models to recover reasonable physical parameters. Although the correlation function amplitude G(0) is 32 times lower when the excitation power increases from 20 µW to 1.12 mW, the application of a saturation-modified FCS model yields very good fit to each data set and the fitted concentration of 0.64 nM is comparable to the 0.7 nM given by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurement. The FCS assay appears to be an efficient method for the quantification of gold nanorods when correctly interpreted. However, even with the saturation considered in the fitting model, the fitted rotational and translational diffusion rates are getting faster as the power increases. This indicates that other effects such as photothermal effects may raise the local temperature, and thus increasing the rotational and translational diffusion rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Shin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ren M, Huang J, Cai H, Tsai JM, Zhou J, Liu Z, Suo Z, Liu AQ. Nano-optomechanical actuator and pull-back instability. ACS NANO 2013; 7:1676-1681. [PMID: 23351034 DOI: 10.1021/nn3056687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the nonlinear behavior of a nano-optomechanical actuator, consisting of a free-standing arc in a ring resonator that is coupled to a bus waveguide through evanescent waves. The arc deflects when a control light of a fixed wavelength and optical power is pumped into the bus waveguide, while the amount of deflection is monitored by measuring the transmission spectrum of a broadband probe light. This nanoactuator achieves a maximal deflection of 43.1 nm, with a resolution of 0.28 nm. The optical force is a nonlinear function of the deflection of the arc, leading to pull-back instability when the control light is red-tuned. This instability is studied by a combination of experiment and modeling. Potential applications of the nanoactuator include bio-nanomotor, optical switches, and optomechanical memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ren
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Twombly CW, Evans JS, Smalyukh II. Optical manipulation of self-aligned graphene flakes in liquid crystals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:1324-1334. [PMID: 23389026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.001324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene recently emerged as a new two-dimensional material platform with unique optical, thermal and electronic properties. Single- or few-atom-thick graphene flakes can potentially be utilized to form structured bulk composites that further enrich these properties and enable a broad range of new applications. Here we describe optical manipulation of self-aligned colloidal graphene flakes in thermotropic liquid crystals of nematic and cholesteric types. Three-dimensional rotational and translational manipulation of graphene flakes by means of holographic optical tweezers allows for non-contact spatial patterning of graphene, control of liquid crystal defects, and low-power optical realignment of the liquid crystal director using these flakes. Potential applications include optically- and electrically-controlled reconfigurable liquid crystalline dispersions of spontaneously aligning colloidal graphene flakes and new electro-optic devices with graphene-based interconnected transparent electrodes at surfaces and in the bulk of liquid crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Twombly
- Department of Physics and Liquid Crystal Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yan Z, Sweet J, Jureller JE, Guffey MJ, Pelton M, Scherer NF. Controlling the position and orientation of single silver nanowires on a surface using structured optical fields. ACS NANO 2012; 6:8144-8155. [PMID: 22900883 DOI: 10.1021/nn302795j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate controlled trapping and manipulation of single silver (Ag) nanowires in two dimensions at a surface using structured light fields generated with a spatial light modulator. The Ag nanowires are attracted toward the regions of maximal optical intensity along the surface when the trapping laser light is linearly polarized and are repelled toward the minima of optical intensity when the light is circularly polarized. For linearly polarized light, stably trapped nanowires are oriented perpendicular to the polarization direction due to a torque induced by an asymmetrical response of the nanowire to the electric field. The attractive interactions with linearly polarized trapping laser light, which is at 800 nm for all measurements, enable stable trapping and translation of Ag nanowires in the antinodes of optical gratings and in zero-order Bessel beams. Trapped nanowires can be positioned and oriented on a transparent dielectric substrate, making possible the nonmechanical assembly of plasmonic nanostructures for particular functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Yan
- The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Do J, Schreiber R, Lutich AA, Liedl T, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Feldmann J. Design and optical trapping of a biocompatible propeller-like nanoscale hybrid. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5008-13. [PMID: 22924473 PMCID: PMC3816274 DOI: 10.1021/nl302775e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Designing nanoscale objects with the potential to perform externally controlled motion in biological environments is one of the most sought-after objectives in nanotechnology. Different types of chemically and physically powered motors have been prepared at the macro- and microscale. However, the preparation of nanoscale objects with a complex morphology, and the potential for light-driven motion has remained elusive to date. Here, we go a step forward by designing a nanoscale hybrid with a propeller-resembling shape, which can be controlled by focused light under biological conditions. Our hybrid, hereafter "Au@DNA-origami", consists of a spherical gold nanoparticle with self-assembled, biocompatible, two-dimensional (2D) DNA sheets on its surface. As a first step toward the potential utilization of these nanoscale objects as light-driven assemblies in biological environments, we show that they can be optically trapped, and hence translated and deposited on-demand, and that under realistic trapping conditions the thermally induced dehybridization of the DNA sheets can be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwon Do
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Schreiber
- Molecular Self-Assembly and Nanoengineering Group and CeNS, Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Lutich
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Liedl
- Molecular Self-Assembly and Nanoengineering Group and CeNS, Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Rodríguez-Fernández
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding Author (J.R.F.); (J.F.)
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Photonics and Optoelectronics Group, Physics Department and CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Corresponding Author (J.R.F.); (J.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Donato MG, Vasi S, Sayed R, Jones PH, Bonaccorso F, Ferrari AC, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping of nanotubes with cylindrical vector beams. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3381-3383. [PMID: 23381264 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use laser beams with radial and azimuthal polarization to optically trap carbon nanotubes. We measure force constants and trap parameters as a function of power showing improved axial trapping efficiency with respect to linearly polarized beams. The analysis of the thermal fluctuations highlights a significant change in the optical trapping potential when using cylindrical vector beams. This enables the use of polarization states to shape optical traps according to the particle geometry, as well as paving the way to nanoprobe-based photonic force microscopy with increased performance compared to a standard linearly polarized configuration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Donato
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Trojek J, Chvátal L, Zemánek P. Optical alignment and confinement of an ellipsoidal nanorod in optical tweezers: a theoretical study. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2012; 29:1224-1236. [PMID: 22751387 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.29.001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Within the Rayleigh approximation, we investigate the behavior of an individual ellipsoidal metal nanorod that is optically confined in three dimensions using a single focused laser beam. We focus on the description of the optical torque and optical force acting upon the nanorod placed into a linearly polarized Gaussian beam (scalar description of the electric field) or a strongly focused beam (vector field description). The study comprises the influence of the trapping laser wavelength, the angular aperture of focusing optics, the orientation of the ellipsoidal nanorod, and the aspect ratio of its principal axes. The results reveal a significantly different behavior of the nanorod if the trapping wavelength is longer or shorter than the wavelength corresponding to the longitudinal plasmon resonance mode. Published experimental observations are compared with our theoretical predictions with satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Trojek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Head CR, Kammann E, Zanella M, Manna L, Lagoudakis PG. Spinning nanorods--active optical manipulation of semiconductor nanorods using polarised light. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3693-3697. [PMID: 22618689 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this letter we show how a single beam optical trap offers the means for three-dimensional manipulation of semiconductor nanorods in solution. Furthermore rotation of the direction of the electric field provides control over the orientation of the nanorods, which is shown by polarisation analysis of two photon induced fluorescence. Statistics over tens of trapped agglomerates reveal a correlation between the measured degree of polarisation (DLP) and the size of the agglomerate which was determined by the escape frequency and the intensity of the emitted fluorescence. We estimate that we have trapped agglomerates with a volume of close to 10 times the volume of a single nanorod, which exhibited DLPs as high as 52%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Robin Head
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cao Y, Stilgoe AB, Chen L, Nieminen TA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Equilibrium orientations and positions of non-spherical particles in optical traps. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:12987-12996. [PMID: 22714326 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.012987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic simulation is a powerful tool to observe the behavior of arbitrary shaped particles trapped in a focused laser beam. Here we develop a method to find equilibrium positions and orientations using dynamic simulation. This general method is applied to micro- and nano-cylinders as a demonstration of its predictive power. Orientation landscapes for particles trapped with beams of differing polarisation are presented. The torque efficiency of micro-cylinders at equilibrium in a plane is also calculated as a function of tilt angle. This systematic investigation elucidates in both the function and properties of micro- and nano-cylinders trapped in optical tweezers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongyin Cao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Donato MG, Monaca MA, Faggio G, Stefano LD, Jones PH, Gucciardi PG, Maragò OM. Optical trapping of porous silicon nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:505704. [PMID: 22108540 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/50/505704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles obtained by ball-milling of a 50% porosity silicon layer have been optically trapped when dispersed in a water-surfactant environment. We measured the optical force constants using linearly and radially polarized trapping beams finding a reshaping of the optical potential and an enhanced axial spring constant for the latter. These measurements open perspectives for the control and handling of silicon nanoparticles as labeling agents in biological analysis and fluorescence imaging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Donato
- IPCF-CNR, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F Stagno d'Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Irrera A, Artoni P, Saija R, Gucciardi PG, Iatì MA, Borghese F, Denti P, Iacona F, Priolo F, Maragò OM. Size-scaling in optical trapping of silicon nanowires. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4879-4884. [PMID: 21967286 DOI: 10.1021/nl202733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate size-scaling in optical trapping of ultrathin silicon nanowires showing how length regulates their Brownian dynamics, optical forces, and torques. Force and torque constants are measured on nanowires of different lengths through correlation function analysis of their tracking signals. Results are compared with a full electromagnetic theory of optical trapping developed in the transition matrix framework, finding good agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Irrera
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158 Messina, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guffey MJ, Miller RL, Gray SK, Scherer NF. Plasmon-driven selective deposition of au bipyramidal nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:4058-4066. [PMID: 21902194 DOI: 10.1021/nl201020g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the plasmon-selective and driven deposition of (bipyramidal) Au nanoparticles on transparent substrates (glass coverslips) utilizing total internal reflection (TIR) illumination. Near-IR laser light undergoing TIR at a glass-water interface causes colloidal Au bipyramids to irreversibly deposit onto the glass surface. We demonstrate that the deposition process has particle (i.e., shape) selectivity that is associated with resonant plasmon excitation. Specifically, the deposition is selective for the bipyramids over spheroidal particles that are also present in solution due to the former's surface plasmon resonance in the near-IR region. Our measurements, finite difference time domain simulations, and the results of an analytical model show that the optical (i.e., scattering and gradient) forces that act on the particles are large and cause the observed acceleration and directed motion of the bipyramids. These directional forces play a major role in the spatial pattern of particle deposition that is observed. In addition, the resonant photothermal heating of the Au bipyramids causes an irreversible loss in colloidal stability, thus allowing them to adhere to the surface. Structural (i.e., scanning electron microscopy) characterization of the deposited bipyramids reveals a slight reduction in aspect ratio relative to the ensemble, consistent with the proposed (heating) mechanism. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of the plasmon-selective deposition of metal nanoparticles from a heterogeneous mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason J Guffey
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago , 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Messina E, Cavallaro E, Cacciola A, Iatì MA, Gucciardi PG, Borghese F, Denti P, Saija R, Compagnini G, Meneghetti M, Amendola V, Maragò OM. Plasmon-enhanced optical trapping of gold nanoaggregates with selected optical properties. ACS NANO 2011; 5:905-913. [PMID: 21207989 DOI: 10.1021/nn102101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We show how light forces can be used to trap gold nanoaggregates of selected structure and optical properties obtained by laser ablation in liquid. We measure the optical trapping forces on nanoaggregates with an average size range 20-750 nm, revealing how the plasmon-enhanced fields play a crucial role in the trapping of metal clusters featuring different extinction properties. Force constants of the order of 10 pN/nmW are detected, the highest measured on a metal nanostructure. Finally, by extending the transition matrix formalism of light scattering theory to the optical trapping of metal nanoaggregates, we show how the plasmon resonances and the fractal structure arising from aggregation are responsible for the increased forces and wider trapping size range with respect to individual metal nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Messina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Maragó OM, Bonaccorso F, Saija R, Privitera G, Gucciardi PG, Iatì MA, Calogero G, Jones PH, Borghese F, Denti P, Nicolosi V, Ferrari AC. Brownian motion of graphene. ACS NANO 2010; 4:7515-7523. [PMID: 21133432 DOI: 10.1021/nn1018126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brownian motion is a manifestation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of statistical mechanics. It regulates systems in physics, biology, chemistry, and finance. We use graphene as prototype material to unravel the consequences of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in two dimensions, by studying the Brownian motion of optically trapped graphene flakes. These orient orthogonal to the light polarization, due to the optical constants anisotropy. We explain the flake dynamics in the optical trap and measure force and torque constants from the correlation functions of the tracking signals, as well as comparing experiments with a full electromagnetic theory of optical trapping. The understanding of optical trapping of two-dimensional nanostructures gained through our Brownian motion analysis paves the way to light-controlled manipulation and all-optical sorting of biological membranes and anisotropic macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio M Maragó
- CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, I-98158 Messina, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tong L, Miljković VD, Käll M. Alignment, rotation, and spinning of single plasmonic nanoparticles and nanowires using polarization dependent optical forces. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:268-73. [PMID: 20030391 DOI: 10.1021/nl9034434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate optical alignment and rotation of individual plasmonic nanostructures with lengths from tens of nanometers to several micrometers using a single beam of linearly polarized near-infrared laser light. Silver nanorods and dimers of gold nanoparticles align parallel to the laser polarization because of the high long-axis dipole polarizability. Silver nanowires, in contrast, spontaneously turn perpendicular to the incident polarization and predominantly attach at the wire ends, in agreement with electrodynamics simulations. Wires, rods, and dimers all rotate if the incident polarization is turned. In the case of nanowires, we demonstrate spinning at an angular frequency of approximately 1 Hz due to transfer of spin angular momentum from circularly polarized light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Tong
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|