1
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Zhao H, Peramuna T, Ajmal S, Wendt KL, Petrushenko ZM, Premachandra K, Cichewicz RH, Rybenkov VV. Inhibitor of Chromosome Segregation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Fungal Extracts. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1387-1396. [PMID: 38843873 PMCID: PMC11197941 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome segregation is an essential cellular process that has the potential to yield numerous targets for drug development. This pathway is presently underutilized partially due to the difficulties in the development of robust reporter assays suitable for high throughput screening. In bacteria, chromosome segregation is mediated by two partially redundant systems, condensins and ParABS. Based on the synthetic lethality of the two systems, we developed an assay suitable for screening and then screened a library of fungal extracts for potential inhibitors of the ParABS pathway, as judged by their enhanced activity on condensin-deficient cells. We found such activity in extracts of Humicola sp. Fractionation of the extract led to the discovery of four new analogues of sterigmatocystin, one of which, 4-hydroxy-sterigmatocystin (4HS), displayed antibacterial activity. 4HS induced the phenotype typical for parAB mutants including defects in chromosome segregation and cell division. Specifically, bacteria exposed to 4HS produced anucleate cells and were impaired in the assembly of the FtsZ ring. Moreover, 4HS binds to purified ParB in a ParS-modulated manner and inhibits its ParS-dependent CTPase activity. The data describe a small molecule inhibitor of ParB and expand the known spectrum of activities of sterigmatocystin to include bacterial chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Thilini Peramuna
- Natural
Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications
and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Sidra Ajmal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Karen L. Wendt
- Natural
Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications
and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zoya M. Petrushenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Kaushika Premachandra
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Robert H. Cichewicz
- Natural
Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications
and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Valentin V. Rybenkov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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2
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Simons VE, Mándi A, Frank M, van Geelen L, Tran-Cong N, Albrecht D, Coort A, Gebhard C, Kurtán T, Kalscheuer R. Colletodiol derivatives of the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105914. [PMID: 38508500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The OSMAC (one strain many compounds) concept is a cultivation-based approach to increase the diversity of secondary metabolites in microorganisms. In this study, we applied the OSMAC-approach to the endophytic fungus Trichocladium sp. by supplementation of the cultivation medium with 2.5% phenylalanine. This experiment yielded five new compounds, trichocladiol (1), trichocladic acid (2), colletodiolic acid (3), colletolactone (4) and colletolic acid (5), together with five previously described ones (6-10). The structures were elucidated via comprehensive spectroscopic measurements, and the absolute configurations of compound 1 was elucidated by using TDDFT-ECD calculations. For formation of compounds 3-5, a pathway based on colletodiol biosynthesis is proposed. Compound 6 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78 μM as well as a strong cytotoxic effect against the human monocytic cell line THP1 with an IC50 of 0.7 μM. Compound 8 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a MIC of 25 μM and a weak cytotoxic effect against THP1 cells with an IC50 of 42 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor E Simons
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary
| | - Marian Frank
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Lasse van Geelen
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Nam Tran-Cong
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Dorothea Albrecht
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Annika Coort
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christina Gebhard
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen 4002, Hungary
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstrasse 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
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3
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Li W, Chen Z, Li X, Li X, Hui Y, Chen W. The Biosynthesis, Structure Diversity and Bioactivity of Sterigmatocystins and Aflatoxins: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:396. [PMID: 38921382 PMCID: PMC11204465 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins mainly isolated from fungi of the genera Aspergillus. Since the discovery of sterigmatocystins in 1954 and aflatoxins in 1961, many scholars have conducted a series of studies on their structural identification, synthesis and biological activities. Studies have shown that sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins have a wide range of biological activities such as antitumour, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiplasmodial, etc. The sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins had been shown to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. This review attempts to give a comprehensive summary of progress on the chemical structural features, synthesis, and bioactivity of sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins reported from 1954 to April 2024. A total of 72 sterigmatocystins and 20 aflatoxins are presented in this review. This paper reviews the chemical diversity and potential activity and toxicity of sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins, enhances the understanding of sterigmatocystins and aflatoxins that adversely affect humans and animals, and provides ideas for their prevention, research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (W.L.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zhaoxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (W.L.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xize Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (W.L.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (W.L.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yang Hui
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (W.L.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (W.L.); (Z.C.); (X.L.); (X.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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4
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Cao ZQ, Wang GQ, Luo R, Gao YH, Lv JM, Qin SY, Chen GD, Awakawa T, Bao XF, Mei QH, Yao XS, Hu D, Abe I, Gao H. Biosynthesis of Enfumafungin-type Antibiotic Reveals an Unusual Enzymatic Fusion Pattern and Unprecedented C-C Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12723-12733. [PMID: 38654452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Enfumafungin-type antibiotics, represented by enfumafungin and fuscoatroside, belong to a distinct group of triterpenoids derived from fungi. These compounds exhibit significant antifungal properties with ibrexafungerp, a semisynthetic derivative of enfumafungin, recently gaining FDA's approval as the first oral antifungal drug for treating invasive vulvar candidiasis. Enfumafungin-type antibiotics possess a cleaved E-ring with an oxidized carboxyl group and a reduced methyl group at the break site, suggesting unprecedented C-C bond cleavage chemistry involved in their biosynthesis. Here, we show that a 4-gene (fsoA, fsoD, fsoE, fsoF) biosynthetic gene cluster is sufficient to yield fuscoatroside by heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae. Notably, FsoA is an unheard-of terpene cyclase-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme, affording a triterpene glycoside product that relies on enzymatic fusion. FsoE is a P450 enzyme that catalyzes successive oxidation reactions at C19 to facilitate a C-C bond cleavage, producing an oxidized carboxyl group and a reduced methyl group that have never been observed in known P450 enzymes. Our study thus sets the important foundation for the manufacture of enfumafungin-type antibiotics using biosynthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qin Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rui Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yao-Hui Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xue-Feng Bao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing-Hua Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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5
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Katsuta R. Advancement in structure elucidation of natural medium-sized lactones through synthesis and theoretical calculations. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:260-269. [PMID: 38111271 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Medium-sized lactones are an important class of natural products with diverse biological activities. Unlike conventional organic compounds, these molecules exhibit elevated levels of conformational flexibility. This inherent structural feature occasionally exacerbates the complexities associated with determining their conformation, thereby posing challenges in deciphering their stereochemistry or, in certain instances, leading to incorrect structures. This review highlights specific scenarios in which synthetic studies and computational chemistry have assumed pivotal roles in unveiling the structures of lactones, which have previously eluded definitive elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Li XY, Lv JM, Cao ZQ, Wang GQ, Lin FL, Chen GD, Qin SY, Hu D, Gao H, Yao XS. Biosynthetic characterization of the antifungal fernane-type triterpenoid polytolypin for generation of new analogues via combinatorial biosynthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:851-857. [PMID: 36602159 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02158g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fernane-type triterpenoids are a small group of natural products mainly found in plants and fungi with a wide range of biological activities. Polytolypin is a representative fernane-type triterpenoid from fungi and possesses potent antifungal activity. So far, biosynthesis of fungal-derived fernane-type triterpenoids has not been characterized, which hinders the expansion of their structural diversity using biosynthetic approaches. Herein, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of polytolypin and elucidated its biosynthetic pathway through heterologous expression in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1, which involves a new triterpene cyclase for the biosynthesis of the hydrocarbon skeleton motiol, followed by multiple oxidations via three P450 enzymes. Moreover, two new triterpene cyclases for the biosynthesis of two other fernane-type skeletons isomotiol and fernenol were identified from fungi, and were individually co-expressed with the three P450 enzymes involved in polytolypin biosynthesis. These studies led to the generation of 13 fernane-type triterpenoids including eight new compounds, and two of them showed stronger antifungal activity towards Candida albicans FIM709 than polytolypin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhi-Qin Cao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Gao-Qian Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Fu-Long Lin
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. .,Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China. .,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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7
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Liu W, Liu Y, Yang F, Han S, Zhang J, Yang H, Cheng Z, Li Q. Asperflaloids A and B from Aspergillus flavipes DZ-3, an Endophytic Fungus of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Molecules 2021; 26:3514. [PMID: 34207657 PMCID: PMC8228597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus strain DZ-3 was isolated from twigs of the well-known medicinal plant Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and identified as Aspergillus flavipes. Two new alkaloids, named asperflaloids A and B (1 and 2), together with 10 known compounds (3-12) were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the strain. Interestingly, the alkaloids 1-4 with different frameworks are characterized by the presence of the same anthranilic acid residue. The structures were established by detailed analyses of the spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of asperflaloids A and B was resolved by quantum chemistry calculation. All compounds were screened for their inhibitions against α-glucosidase and the antioxidant capacities. The results were that compound 3 had an IC50 value of 750.8 μM toward α-glucosidase, and the phenol compounds 7 and 8 exhibited potent antioxidant capacities with IC50 values 14.4 and 27.1 μM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shouye Han
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongbin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
- Eucommia Ulmoides Cultivation and Utilization of Henan Engineering Laboratory, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (W.L.); (Y.L.); (F.Y.); (S.H.); (J.Z.)
- Eucommia Ulmoides Cultivation and Utilization of Henan Engineering Laboratory, Kaifeng 475004, China
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8
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Natural Products of the Fungal Genus Humicola: Diversity, Biological Activity, and Industrial Importance. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2488-2509. [PMID: 34003333 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal metabolites are worthily taken into account as a pool of synthetically interesting and remarkably important new lead compounds for medical, agricultural, and chemical industries. Humicola species are known to have biotechnological and industrial potentials. Humicola genus (family Chaetomiaceae) is a prosperous fountainhead of unique and structurally diverse metabolites that have various bioactivities. Moreover, Humicola species attract substantial attention for their marked ability to produce thermostable enzymes with biotechnological and industrial importance. This review highlights the published researches on the isolated metabolites from the genus Humicola and their biological activities as well as the industrial importance of Humicola species. In the current review, more than 50 compounds are described and 84 references are cited.
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9
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Bioprospecting for Biomolecules from Different Fungal Communities: An Introduction. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Nguyen HTT, Choi S, Kim S, Lee JH, Park AR, Yu NH, Yoon H, Bae CH, Yeo JH, Choi GJ, Son H, Kim JC. The Hsp90 Inhibitor, Monorden, Is a Promising Lead Compound for the Development of Novel Fungicides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:371. [PMID: 32300352 PMCID: PMC7144829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are great resources for the identification of useful natural products such as antimicrobial agents. In this study, we performed the antifungal screening of various plant endophytic fungi against the dollar spot pathogen Sclerotinia homoeocarpa and finally selected Humicola sp. JS-0112 as a potential biocontrol agent. The bioactive compound produced by the strain JS-0112 was identified as monorden known as an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Monorden exhibited strong antagonistic activity against most tested plant pathogenic fungi particularly against tree pathogens and oomycetes with the minimum inhibitory concentration values less than 2.5 μg mL-1. Extensive in planta assays revealed that monorden effectively suppressed the development of several important plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blight, wheat leaf rust, creeping bentgrass dollar spot, and cucumber damping-off. Especially, it showed much stronger disease control efficacy against cucumber damping-off than a synthetic fungicide chlorothalonil. Subsequent molecular genetic analysis of fission yeast and Fusarium graminearum suggested that Hsp90 is a major inhibitory target of monorden, and sequence variation among fungal Hsp90 is a determinant for the dissimilar monorden sensitivity of fungi. This is the first report dealing with the disease control efficacy and antifungal mechanism of monorden against fungal plant diseases and we believe that monorden can be used as a lead molecule for developing novel fungicides with new action mechanism for the control of plant diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang T. T. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- GPS Screen Team, Drug R&D Institute, Bioneer Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Nan Hee Yu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeokjun Yoon
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Bae
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Joo Hong Yeo
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Gyung Ja Choi
- Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Center for Eco-friendly New Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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11
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Kuhnert E, Li Y, Lan N, Yue Q, Chen L, Cox RJ, An Z, Yokoyama K, Bills GF. Enfumafungin synthase represents a novel lineage of fungal triterpene cyclases. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3325-3342. [PMID: 30051576 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Enfumafungin is a glycosylated fernene-type triterpenoid produced by the fungus Hormonema carpetanum. Its potent antifungal activity, mediated by its interaction with β-1,3-glucan synthase and the fungal cell wall, has led to its development into the semi-synthetic clinical candidate, ibrexafungerp (=SCY-078). We report on the preliminary identification of the enfumafungin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) based on genome sequencing, phylogenetic reconstruction, gene disruption, and cDNA sequencing studies. Enfumafungin synthase (efuA) consists of a terpene cyclase domain (TC) fused to a glycosyltransferase (GT) domain and thus represents a novel multifunctional enzyme. Moreover, the TC domain bears a phylogenetic relationship to bacterial squalene-hopene cyclases (SHC) and includes a typical DXDD motif within the active centre suggesting that efuA evolved from SHCs. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the GT domain indicated that this portion of the fusion gene originated from fungal sterol GTs. Eleven genes flanking efuA are putatively involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, transport and self-resistance of enfumafungin and include an acetyltransferase, three P450 monooxygenases, a dehydrogenase, a desaturase and a reductase. A hypothetical scheme for enfumafungin assembly is proposed in which the E-ring is oxidatively cleaved to yield the four-ring system of enfumafungin. EfuA represents the first member of a widespread lineage of fungal SHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kuhnert
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Leibniz University Hannover, Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Lan
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qun Yue
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Russell J Cox
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute for Organic Chemistry and BMWZ, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenichi Yokoyama
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gerald F Bills
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Diversity of cultivable fungal endophytes in Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke and bioactivity of their secondary metabolites. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195874. [PMID: 29649297 PMCID: PMC5897019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paullinia cupana is associated with a diverse community of pathogenic and endophytic microorganisms. We isolated and identified endophytic fungal communities from the roots and seeds of P. cupana genotypes susceptible and tolerant to anthracnose that grow in two sites of the Brazilian Amazonia forest. We assessed the antibacterial, antitumor and genotoxic activity in vitro of compounds isolated from the strains Trichoderma asperellum (1BDA) and Diaporthe phaseolorum (8S). In concert, we identified eight fungal species not previously reported as endophytes; some fungal species capable of inhibiting pathogen growth; and the production of antibiotics and compounds with bacteriostatic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in both susceptible and multiresistant host strains. The plant genotype, geographic location and specially the organ influenced the composition of P. cupana endophytic fungal community. Together, our findings identify important functional roles of endophytic species found within the microbiome of P. cupana. This hypothesis requires experimental validation to propose management of this microbiome with the objective of promoting plant growth and protection.
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13
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Cao F, Yang Q, Shao CL, Kong CJ, Zheng JJ, Liu YF, Wang CY. Bioactive 7-Oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam and 12-Membered Macrolides from a Gorgonian-Derived Cladosporium sp. Fungus. Mar Drugs 2015. [PMID: 26198234 PMCID: PMC4515610 DOI: 10.3390/md13074171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One new bicyclic lactam, cladosporilactam A (1), and six known 12-membered macrolides (2–7) were isolated from a gorgonian-derived Cladosporium sp. fungus collected from the South China Sea. Their complete structural assignments were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic investigation. Quantum chemistry calculations were used in support of the structural determination of 1. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by calculation of its optical rotation. Cladosporilactam A (1) was the first example of 7-oxabicyclic[6.3.0]lactam obtained from a natural source. Compound 1 exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer HeLa cell line with an IC50 value of 0.76 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qin Yang
- Chinese Center for Chirality, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, and College of Pharmacy Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chui-Jian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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14
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Yuan L, Huang W, Du G, Gao X, Yang H, Hu Q, Ma Y. Isolation of Xanthones from the Fermentation Products of the Endophytic Fungus of Phomopsis amygdali. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Anti-proliferative effects of isosclerone isolated from marine fungus Aspergillus fumigatus in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Ying YM, Zhang LW, Shan WG, Zhan ZJ. Secondary Metabolites of Peyronellaea sp. XW-12, an Endophytic Fungus of Huperzia serrata. Chem Nat Compd 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-014-1063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Yang HY, Gao YH, Niu DY, Yang LY, Gao XM, Du G, Hu QF. Xanthone derivatives from the fermentation products of an endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:189-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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One-step enantioselective synthesis of (4S)-isosclerone through biotranformation of juglone by an endophytic fungus. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Munawar A, Marshall JW, Cox RJ, Bailey AM, Lazarus CM. Isolation and characterisation of a ferrirhodin synthetase gene from the sugarcane pathogen Fusarium sacchari. Chembiochem 2013; 14:388-94. [PMID: 23307607 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
FSN1, a gene isolated from the sugar-cane pathogen Fusarium sacchari, encodes a 4707-residue nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisting of three complete adenylation, thiolation and condensation modules followed by two additional thiolation and condensation domain repeats. This structure is similar to that of ferricrocin synthetase, which makes a siderophore that is involved in intracellular iron storage in other filamentous fungi. Heterologous expression of FSN1 in Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the accumulation of a secreted metabolite that was identified as ferrirhodin. This siderophore was found to be present in both mycelium and culture filtrates of F. sacchari, whereas ferricrocin is found only in the mycelium, thus suggesting that ferricrocin is an intracellular storage siderophore in F. sacchari, whereas ferrirhodin is used for iron acquisition. To our knowledge, this is the first report to characterise a ferrirhodin synthetase gene functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Munawar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
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20
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Masters KS, Bräse S. Xanthones from fungi, lichens, and bacteria: the natural products and their synthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3717-76. [PMID: 22617028 DOI: 10.1021/cr100446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kye-Simeon Masters
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany.
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21
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Evidente A, Superchi S, Cimmino A, Mazzeo G, Mugnai L, Rubiales D, Andolfi A, Villegas-Fernández AM. Regiolone and Isosclerone, Two Enantiomeric Phytotoxic Naphthalenone Pentaketides: Computational Assignment of Absolute Configuration and Its Relationship with Phytotoxic Activity. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Rank C, Nielsen KF, Larsen TO, Varga J, Samson RA, Frisvad JC. Distribution of sterigmatocystin in filamentous fungi. Fungal Biol 2011; 115:406-20. [PMID: 21530923 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last 50y, the carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (ST) has been reported in several phylogenetically and phenotypically different genera: Aschersonia, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Botryotrichum, Chaetomium, Emericella, Eurotium, Farrowia, Fusarium, Humicola, Moelleriella, Monocillium and Podospora. We have reexamined all available strains of the original producers, in addition to ex type and further strains of each species reported to produce ST and the biosynthetically derived aflatoxins. We also screened strains of all available species in Penicillium and Aspergillus for ST and aflatoxin. Six new ST producing fungi were discovered: Aspergillus asperescens, Aspergillus aureolatus, Aspergillus eburneocremeus, Aspergillus protuberus, Aspergillus tardus, and Penicillium inflatum and one new aflatoxin producer: Aspergillus togoensis (=Stilbothamnium togoense). ST was confirmed in 23 Emericella, four Aspergillus, five Chaetomium, one Botryotrichum and one Humicola species grown on a selection of secondary metabolite inducing media, and using multiple detection methods: HPLC-UV/Vis DAD, - HRMS and - MS/MS. The immediate precursor for aflatoxin, O-methylsterigmatocystin was found in Chaetomium cellulolyticum, Chaetomium longicolleum, Chaetomium malaysiense and Chaetomium virescens, but aflatoxin was not detected from any Chaetomium species. In all 55 species, representing more than 11 clades throughout the Pezizomycotina, can be reliably claimed to be ST producers and 13 of these can also produce aflatoxins. It is not known yet whether the ST/aflatoxin pathway has been developed independently 11 times, or is the result of partial horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rank
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Søltofts Plads Building 221, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Abstract
Aflatoxins are decaketide-derived secondary metabolites which are produced by a complex biosynthetic pathway. Aflatoxins are among the economically most important mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits hepatocarcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties, and is frequently referred to as the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen. Acute aflatoxicosis epidemics occur in several parts of Asia and Africa leading to the death of several hundred people. Aflatoxin production has incorrectly been claimed for a long list of Aspergillus species and also for species assigned to other fungal genera. Recent data indicate that aflatoxins are produced by 13 species assigned to three sections of the genus Aspergillus: section Flavi (A. flavus, A. pseudotamarii, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. bombycis, A. parvisclerotigenus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. arachidicola), section Nidulantes (Emericella astellata, E. venezuelensis, E. olivicola) and section Ochraceorosei (A. ochraceoroseus, A. rambellii). Several species claimed to produce aflatoxins have been synonymised with other aflatoxin producers, including A. toxicarius (=A. parasiticus), A. flavus var. columnaris (=A. flavus) or A. zhaoqingensis (=A. nomius). Compounds with related structures include sterigmatocystin, an intermediate of aflatoxin biosynthesis produced by several Aspergilli and species assigned to other genera, and dothistromin produced by a range of non-Aspergillus species. In this review, we wish to give an overview of aflatoxin production including the list of species incorrectly identified as aflatoxin producers, and provide short descriptions of the 'true' aflatoxin producing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Varga
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J. Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Center for Microbial Biotechnology, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R. Samson
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Wang XN, Zhang HJ, Ren DM, Ji M, Yu WT, Lou HX. Lobarialides A-C, Antifungal Triterpenoids from the LichenLobaria kurokawae. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:746-53. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Riatto VB, Pilli RA, Victor MM. Fifteen years of biological and synthetic studies of decarestrictine family. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Deyrup ST, Gloer JB, O'Donnell K, Wicklow DT. Kolokosides A-D: triterpenoid glycosides from a Hawaiian isolate of Xylaria sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2007; 70:378-82. [PMID: 17284074 DOI: 10.1021/np060546k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Four new triterpenoid glycosides, kolokosides A-D (1-4), along with the known compound 19,20-epoxycytochalasin N, were isolated from cultures of a Hawaiian wood-decay fungus (Xylaria sp.). The structures and relative configurations of 1-4 were determined primarily by analysis of NMR data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by application of the exciton chirality method. Compound 1 exhibited activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Deyrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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27
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Frisvad JC, Larsen TO, de Vries R, Meijer M, Houbraken J, Cabañes FJ, Ehrlich K, Samson RA. Secondary metabolite profiling, growth profiles and other tools for species recognition and important Aspergillus mycotoxins. Stud Mycol 2007; 59:31-7. [PMID: 18490955 PMCID: PMC2275202 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2007.59.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species in the genus Aspergillus have been classified primarily based on morphological features. Sequencing of house-hold genes has also been used in Aspergillus taxonomy and phylogeny, while extrolites and physiological features have been used less frequently. Three independent ways of classifying and identifying aspergilli appear to be applicable: Morphology combined with physiology and nutritional features, secondary metabolite profiling and DNA sequencing. These three ways of identifying Aspergillus species often point to the same species. This consensus approach can be used initially, but if consensus is achieved it is recommended to combine at least two of these independent ways of characterising aspergilli in a polyphasic taxonomy. The chemical combination of secondary metabolites and DNA sequence features has not been explored in taxonomy yet, however. Examples of these different taxonomic approaches will be given for Aspergillus section Nigri.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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28
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Elyashberg ME, Blinov KA, Williams AJ, Molodtsov SG, Martin GE. Are Deterministic Expert Systems for Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation Obsolete? J Chem Inf Model 2006; 46:1643-56. [PMID: 16859296 DOI: 10.1021/ci050469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expert systems for spectroscopic molecular structure elucidation have been developed since the mid-1960s. Algorithms associated with the structure generation process within these systems are deterministic; that is, they are based on graph theory and combinatorial analysis. A series of expert systems utilizing 2D NMR spectra have been described in the literature and are capable of determining the molecular structures of large organic molecules including complex natural products. Recently, an opinion was expressed in the literature that these systems would fail when elucidating structures containing more than 30 heavy atoms. A suggestion was put forward that stochastic algorithms for structure generation would be necessary to overcome this shortcoming. In this article, we describe a comprehensive investigation of the capabilities of the deterministic expert system Structure Elucidator. The results of performing the structure elucidation of 250 complex natural products with this program were studied and generalized. The conclusion is that 2D NMR deterministic expert systems are certainly capable of elucidating large structures (up to about 100 heavy atoms) and can deal with the complexities associated with both poor and contradictory spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail E Elyashberg
- Advanced Chemistry Development, Moscow Department, 6 Akademik Bakulev Street, Moscow 117513, Russian Federation
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29
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Shim SH, Swenson DC, Gloer JB, Dowd PF, Wicklow DT. Penifulvin A: A Sesquiterpenoid-Derived Metabolite Containing a Novel Dioxa[5,5,5,6]fenestrane Ring System from a Fungicolous Isolate of Penicillium griseofulvum. Org Lett 2006; 8:1225-8. [PMID: 16524309 DOI: 10.1021/ol060107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] Penifulvin A (1), a new fungal metabolite with a previously undescribed ring system, has been isolated from cultures of an isolate of Penicillium griseofulvum (NRRL 35584) obtained from a white mycelial growth on a dead hardwood branch collected in a Hawaiian forest. The structure was assigned by analysis of NMR data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Penifulvin A (1) shows significant activity in dietary assays against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Shim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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30
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Frisvad JC, Thrane U, Samson RA, Pitt JI. Important mycotoxins and the fungi which produce them. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 571:3-31. [PMID: 16408591 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-28391-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
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31
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Frisvad JC, Skouboe P, Samson RA. Taxonomic comparison of three different groups of aflatoxin producers and a new efficient producer of aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin and 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin, Aspergillus rambellii sp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 28:442-53. [PMID: 16094871 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2005.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B, has been reported from members of three different groups of Aspergilli (4) Aspergillus flavus, A. flavus var. parvisclerotigenus, A. parasiticus, A. toxicarius, A. nomius, A. pseudotamarii, A. zhaoqingensis, A. bombycis and from the ascomycete genus Petromyces (Aspergillus section Flavi), (2) Emericella astellata and E. venezuelensis from the ascomycete genus Emericella (Aspergillus section Nidulantes) and (3) Aspergillus ochraceoroseus from a new section proposed here: Aspergillus section Ochraceorosei. We here describe a new species, A. rambellii referable to Ochraceorosei, that accumulates very large amounts of sterigmatocystin, 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1, but not any of the other known extrolites produced by members of Aspergillus section Flavi or Nidulantes. G type aflatoxins were only found in some of the species in Aspergillus section Flavi, while the B type aflatoxins are common in all three groups. Based on the cladistic analysis of nucleotide sequences of ITS1 and 2 and 5.8S, it appears that type G aflatoxin producers are paraphyletic and that section Ochraceorosei is a sister group to the sections Flavi, Circumdati and Cervini, with Emericella species being an outgroup to these sister groups. All aflatoxin producing members of section Flavi produce kojic acid and most species, except A. bombycis and A. pseudotamarii, produce aspergillic acid. Species in Flavi, that produce B type aflatoxins, but not G type aflatoxins, often produced cyclopiazonic acid. No strain was found which produce both G type aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid. It was confirmed that some strains of A. flavus var. columnaris produce aflatoxin B2, but this extrolite was not detected in the ex type strain of that variety. A. flavus var. parvisclerotigenus is raised to species level based on the specific combination of small sclerotia, profile of extrolites and rDNA sequence differences. A. zhaoqingensis is regarded as a synonym of A. nomius, while A. toxicarius resembles A. parasiticus but differs with at least three base pair differences. At least 10 Aspergillus species can be recognized which are able to biosynthesize aflatoxins, and they are placed in three very different clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Frisvad
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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32
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, lanostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, quassinoids, lupanes, oleannes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins. The literature from January to December 2002 is reviewed and 221 references are used.
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Che Y, Gloer JB, Wicklow DT. Curvicollides A−C: New Polyketide-Derived Lactones from a Sclerotium-Colonizing Isolate of Podospora curvicolla (NRRL 25778). Org Lett 2004; 6:1249-52. [PMID: 15070309 DOI: 10.1021/ol0498186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Curvicollides A-C (1-3) have been obtained from cultures of an isolate of Podospora curvicolla (NRRL 25778) that colonized a sclerotium of Aspergillus flavus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of one- and two-dimensional NMR data. The lead compound (1) showed antifungal activity against A. flavus and Fusarium verticillioides. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Che
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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