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Dembitsky VM. Bioactive Steroids Bearing Oxirane Ring. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2237. [PMID: 37626733 PMCID: PMC10452232 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids, with a particular focus on compounds containing an oxirane ring. These natural compounds are derived from fungi, fungal endophytes, as well as extracts of plants, algae, and marine invertebrates. To evaluate their biological activity, an extensive examination of refereed literature sources was conducted, including in vivo and in vitro studies and the utilization of the QSAR method. Notable properties observed among these compounds include strong anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiproliferative, anti-hypercholesterolemic, antiparkinsonian, diuretic, anti-eczematic, anti-psoriatic, and various other activities. Throughout this review, 3D graphs illustrating the activity of individual steroids are presented, accompanied by images of selected terrestrial or marine organisms. Furthermore, this review provides explanations for specific types of biological activity associated with these compounds. The data presented in this review are of scientific interest to the academic community and carry practical implications in the fields of pharmacology and medicine. By analyzing the biological activity and structural diversity of steroids and related isoprenoid lipids, this review offers valuable insights that contribute to both theoretical understanding and applied research. This review draws upon data from various authors to compile information on the biological activity of natural steroids containing an oxirane ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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2
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Zhao L, Zhang LL, Miao XX, Li JX, Lin HW, Jiao WH. New NF-κB Inhibitory Steroids from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara Collected from the South China Sea. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100578. [PMID: 34499797 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the marine sponge Dysidea avara, collected from the South China Sea, yielded 13 steroids, including nine new (1-9) and four known (10-13) ones. The new structures were elucidated as (3S,14R)-3,14-dihydroxycholesta-5,8-dien-7-one (1), (22E,24R)-7α-ethoxy-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22-dien-3β-ol (2), 3β-hydroxy-7α-ethoxy-5α,6α-epoxy-8(14)-cholestene (3), 3β,5α-dihydroxy-6α-ethoxychofesta-7,9(11)-diene (4), 3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-ethoxycholest-7-ene (5), (22E,24R)-24-ethoxy-3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-ethoxyergosta-7,22-diene (6), (22E)-3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-ethoxycholesta-7,22-diene (7), 24-ethoxy-3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-ethoxycholest-7-ene (8 and 9), by extensive spectroscopic analyses, such as HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by comparison the experimental ECD spectra with the calculated ones. Among the 13 metabolites, compounds 1, 4, 11, 12, and 13 showed NF-κB inhibitory activities in human HER-293 cells with IC50 values of 6.4, 18.7, 8.1, 9.6, and 7.5 μM, respectively. Preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis unveiled that the conjugated ketones or unsaturated double bonds might be the functional groups for the five active steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xian-Xian Miao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jia-Xin Li
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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Zhu XC, Huang GL, Mei RQ, Wang B, Sun XP, Luo YP, Xu J, Zheng CJ. One new α, β-unsaturated 7-ketone sterol from the mangrove-derived fungus Phomopsis sp.MGF222. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:3970-3976. [PMID: 32290694 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1752210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new α,β-unsaturated 7-ketone sterol, 5β,6β-epoxy-3β, 15α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-7-one (1), along with five known sterone derivatives, 5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one (2), 5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one (3), 3β,9α,15α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-10(5→4)-abeo-ergosta-6,8(14),22-trien-5-one (4), 3,15-dihydroxyl-(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,8(14),22-trien-7-one (5) and (22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3,15-dione (6) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Phomopsis sp. MGF222. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of literature. Compound 2 showed weak antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tenuis with the MIC value of 28.2 (±0.52) μM. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC value of 14.6 (±0.47) μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Qing Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ping Sun
- College of pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Ping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Juan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
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4
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Trinh TTV, Truong BN, Longeon A, Doan TMH, Deville A, Chau VM, Pham VC, Bourguet-Kondracki ML. New 9α-Hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxyhydroxysterols from the Vietnamese Marine Sponge Ircinia echinata. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110424. [PMID: 30388820 PMCID: PMC6267468 DOI: 10.3390/md16110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the Vietnamese marine sponge Ircinia echinata led to the isolation of six new 9α-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxysterols: 5α,6α-epoxycholesta-7,22(E)-dien-3β,9α-diol (1), 5α,6α-epoxycholesta-7,24(28)-dien-3β,9α-diol (2), (24R)-5α,6α-epoxy-24-ethyl-cholesta-7-en-3β,9α-diol (3), 5α,6α-epoxycholesta-7-en-3β,9α-diol (4), (24S)-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-7,22-dien-3β,9α-diol (5), and (24R)-5α,6α-epoxy-24-methyl-cholesta-7-en-3β,9α-diol (6) along with the known 5α-6α-epoxysterols: 5α,6α-epoxystigmasta-7-en-3β-ol (7), 5α,6α-epoxystigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (8), and 5α,6α-epoxyergosta-7-en-3β-ol (9). Their structures and their configurations were established on the basis of high resolution mass spectra and extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and by comparison with the literature. Their cytotoxic activity, evaluated against three human cancer cell lines, MCF-7, Hep-G2 and LU-1, revealed that only compounds 3 and 4 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity and compound 3 showed a selective inhibition towards the MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thanh Van Trinh
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry of the Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay 8424, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Bich Ngan Truong
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry of the Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay 8424, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Arlette Longeon
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Thi Mai Huong Doan
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry of the Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay 8424, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Alexandre Deville
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Van Minh Chau
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry of the Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay 8424, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Advanced Center for Bioorganic Chemistry of the Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay 8424, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
- Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France.
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Abdel-Razek AS, Hamed A, Frese M, Sewald N, Shaaban M. Penicisteroid C: New polyoxygenated steroid produced by co-culturing of Streptomyces piomogenus with Aspergillus niger. Steroids 2018; 138:21-25. [PMID: 29902496 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Penicisteroid C, a new polyoxygenated steroid was isolated from co-cultivation of Streptomyces piomogenus AS63D and Aspergillus niger using solid-state fermentation on rice medium. Additional diverse eleven known metabolites were identified: Fumigaclavine C, fumiquinazoline C, physcion, methylsulochrin, methyllinoleate, glycerol linoleate, cerebroside A, thymine, adenine, thymidine and adenosine. The structure of penicisteroid C was determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic activities of the microbial extract and penicisteroid C were reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abdel-Razek
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelaaty Hamed
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany; Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St. 33, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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6
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Dembitsky VM, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV. Naturally occurring marine α,β-epoxy steroids: Origin and biological activities. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201800025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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AN X, FENG BM, CHEN G, CHEN SF, WANG HF, PEI YH. Isolation and identification of two new compounds from marine-derived fungus Acremonium fusidioides RZ01. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:934-938. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Habbu P, Warad V, Shastri R, Madagundi S, Kulkarni VH. Antimicrobial metabolites from marine microorganisms. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:101-116. [PMID: 26968676 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecological niches have recently been described as "particularly promising" sources for search of new antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms. Marine organisms are excellent sources for many industrial products, but they are partly explored. Over 30 000 compounds have been isolated from marine sources. Bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria obtained from various marine sources secret several industrially useful bioactive compounds, possessing antibacterial, antifungal, and antimycobacterial activities. Sustainable cultivation methods for promising marine organisms and biotechnological processes for selected compounds can be developed, along with the establishment of biosensors for monitoring the target compounds. The semisynthetic modifications of marine-based bioactive compounds produce their new derivatives, structural analogs and mimetics that could serve as novel lead compounds against resistant pathogens. The present review focuses on promising antimicrobial compounds isolated from marine microbes from 1991-2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Habbu
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vijayanand Warad
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Sridevi College of Pharmacy, Mangalore 575006, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Shastri
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Smita Madagundi
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatrao H Kulkarni
- Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology, SET's College of Pharmacy, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
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Shen WY, Bai R, Wang AR, He JY, Wang H, Zhang Y, Zhao XF, Dong JY. Two new polyhydroxysterols produced by Fusarium solani, an endophytic fungus from Chloranthus multistachys. Nat Prod Res 2016; 30:2173-82. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1154052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Y. Shen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou Teachers College, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
| | - R. Bai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - A. R. Wang
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - J. Y. He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - H. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - X. F Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - J. Y. Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Li W, Yang X, Yang Y, Qin S, Li Q, Zhao L, Ding Z. A new natural nucleotide and other antibacterial metabolites from an endophytic Nocardia sp. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:132-6. [PMID: 25271990 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.964713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nine compounds were isolated from Nocardia sp. YIM 64630, and their structures were elucidated as 5'-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyuridine (1), 22E,24R-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8(14),22-diene-3β,7α-diol (2), 22E,24R-5α,6α-epoxyergosta-8,22-diene-3β,7α-diol (3), 22E,24R-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (4), 5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (5), 4',5,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (6), 2,4,4'-trihydroxy-deoxybenzoin (7), methyl [4-hydroxyphenyl]acetate (8) and daidzein by extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 was isolated from natural resources for the first time. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of compounds 1-8 were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- a School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University , Kunming 650091 , P.R. China
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Marine sponge derived natural products between 2001 and 2010: trends and opportunities for discovery of bioactives. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4539-77. [PMID: 25196730 PMCID: PMC4145330 DOI: 10.3390/md12084539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges belonging to the phylum Porifera (Metazoa), evolutionarily the oldest animals are the single best source of marine natural products. The present review presents a comprehensive overview of the source, taxonomy, country of origin or geographical position, chemical class, and biological activity of sponge-derived new natural products discovered between 2001 and 2010. The data has been analyzed with a view to gaining an outlook on the future trends and opportunities in the search for new compounds and their sources from marine sponges.
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12
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Abstract
Over the past twenty years, our research group has been studying the chemical constituents of mushrooms. From nineteen species, namely, Amanita virgineoides Bas (Amanitaceae), Daedaleopsis tricolor (Bull.: Fr.) Bond. et Sing. (Polyporaceae), Grifola frondosa (Fr.) S. F. Gray (Polyporaceae), Hericium erinaceum (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. (Hericiaceae), Hypsizigus marmoreus (Peck) Bigelow (Tricholomataceae), Lactarius piperatus (Scop.: Fr.) S. F. Gray (Russulaceae), Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing. (Pleurotaceae), Lyophyllyum connatum (Schum.: Fr.) Sing. (Tricholomataceae), Naematoloma sublateritium (Fr.) Karst. (Strophariaceae), Ompharia lapidescens Schroeter (Polyporaceae), Panellus serotinus (Pers.: Fr.) Kuhn. (Tricholomataceae), Pholiota nameko (T. Ito) S. Ito et Imai in Imai (Strophariaceae), Pleurotus eringii (DC.: Fr.) Quel. (Pleurotaceae), Polyporus umbellatus Fries (Polyporaceae), Russula delica Fr. (Russulaceae), Russula sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. (Russulaceae), Sarcodon aspratus (Berk.) S. Ito (Thelephoraceae), Tricholoma matsutake (S. Ito et Imai) Sing. (Tricholomataceae), and Tricholoma portentosum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholomataceae), we isolated eight new sesquiterpenoids, six new meroterpenoids, three new triterpenoids, and twenty eight new sterols. In this review, structural features of these new compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Yaoita
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
- Department of Molecular Structural Analysis, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Masao Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Structural Analysis, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Koichi Machida
- Pharmaceutical Education Center, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
- Department of Molecular Structural Analysis, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
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Clark KE, Capper A, Togna GD, Paul VJ, Romero LI, Johns T, Cubilla-Rios L, Capson TL. Ecology- and Bioassay-Guided Drug Discovery for Treatments of Tropical Parasitic Disease: 5α,8α-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol Isolated from the Mollusk Dolabrifera dolabrifera Shows Significant Activity against Leishmania donovani. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5α,8α-epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 μM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 μM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Clark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Angela Capper
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
- current address: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- current address: Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 5502, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Luz I. Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824–10835, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Todd L. Capson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: 1743 18th St. NW Washington DC, 20009 USA
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14
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Liu TF, Lu X, Tang H, Zhang MM, Wang P, Sun P, Liu ZY, Wang ZL, Li L, Rui YC, Li TJ, Zhang W. 3β,5α,6β-Oxygenated sterols from the South China Sea gorgonian Muriceopsis flavida and their tumor cell growth inhibitory activity and apoptosis-inducing function. Steroids 2013; 78:108-14. [PMID: 23123740 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three new polyhydroxysterols, named muriflasteroids A-C (1-3) were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian Muriceopsis flavida, together with sixteen known analogs, cholest-3β,5α,6β-triol,3β-acetate (4), 5α-methoxycholest-3β,6β-diol (5), (22E)-cholest-22-en-3β,5α,6β-triol (6), cholest-3β,5α,6β-triol (7), (22E)-24-norcholest-22-en-3β,5α,6β-triol (8), (22E,24S)-ergost-22-en-3β,5α,6β-triol (9), ergost-24(28)-en-3β,5α,6β-triol (10), (22E)-cholest-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (11), cholest-7-en-3β,5α,6β-triol (12), (22E)-24-norcholest-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (13), ergost-7,24(28)-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (14), (22E,24R)-ergost-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (15), (22E)-cholest-22-en-1β,3β,5α,6β-tetrol (16), (22E)-24-norcholest-22-en-1β,3β,5α,6β-tetrol (17), cholest-1β,3β,5α,6β-tetrol (18), and (24ξ)-ergost-1β,3β,5α,6β-tetrol (19). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis in combination with comparison of reported data. All the compounds are reported for the first time from the animal. In the bioassay in vitro, these compounds exhibited different levels of growth inhibition activity against A549 and MG63 cell lines. In particular, compound 18 displayed a considerable activity, being similar as that of positive control adriamycin. An annexin V analysis indicated that compounds 7 and 18 can significantly induce apoptosis in A549 cell, and compound 7 is more potent in the induction of apoptosis. Preliminary structure-activity analysis suggests that the acetylation on 3-OH and appearance of Δ⁷ may decrease the activity while substitution of 1-OH and the nature of side chain may also play an important role in the activity. Methylation of 5-OH contributed a little to the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Fang Liu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo-He Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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16
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Wang S, Zhang L, Liu LY, Dong ZJ, Li ZH, Liu JK. Six novel steroids from culture of basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2012; 2:240-244. [PMCID: PMC4131608 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-012-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the culture of basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii led to the isolation of a novel compound 3β,9α,15α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-10(5→4)-abeo-ergosta-6,8(14),22-trien-5-one (1) with a new 5/7/6/5 ring system of ergosterol skeleton. In addition, five new steroids, 5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one (2), 5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one (3), 5α,6α-epoxy-3β,9α,15α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-7-one (4), 15α-acetoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), 15β-methoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (6), along with four known ergosterols (7–10), were obtained. All structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. New compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines, only compound 4 was found to exhibit a favorable cytotoxicity profile toward all tested tumor cell lines. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Liang-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ze-Jun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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17
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A Sterol and Spiroditerpenoids from a Penicillium sp. Isolated from a Deep Sea Sediment Sample. Mar Drugs 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/md10020497 pmid: 224128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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Li Y, Ye D, Shao Z, Cui C, Che Y. A sterol and spiroditerpenoids from a Penicillium sp. isolated from a deep sea sediment sample. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:497-508. [PMID: 22412815 PMCID: PMC3297011 DOI: 10.3390/md10020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new polyoxygenated sterol, sterolic acid (1), three new breviane spiroditerpenoids, breviones I–K (2–4), and the known breviones (5–8), were isolated from the crude extract of a Penicillium sp. obtained from a deep sea sediment sample that was collected at a depth of 5115 m. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated primarily by NMR experiments, and 1 was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were deduced by comparison of their CD spectra with those of the model compounds. Compounds 2 and 5 showed significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, which is comparable to the positive control cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China;
| | - Dezan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, The Third Institute of Oceanography, The State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; (D.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, The Third Institute of Oceanography, The State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China; (D.Y.); (Z.S.)
| | - Chengbin Cui
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China;
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-10-82618785 (Y.C.); Fax: +86-10-82618785 (Y.C.)
| | - Yongsheng Che
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China;
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-10-82618785 (Y.C.); Fax: +86-10-82618785 (Y.C.)
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19
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Essack M, Bajic VB, Archer JA. Recently confirmed apoptosis-inducing lead compounds isolated from marine sponge of potential relevance in cancer treatment. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1580-1606. [PMID: 22131960 PMCID: PMC3225937 DOI: 10.3390/md9091580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intense efforts to develop non-cytotoxic anticancer treatments, effective agents are still not available. Therefore, novel apoptosis-inducing drug leads that may be developed into effective targeted cancer therapies are of interest to the cancer research community. Targeted cancer therapies affect specific aberrant apoptotic pathways that characterize different cancer types and, for this reason, it is a more desirable type of therapy than chemotherapy or radiotherapy, as it is less harmful to normal cells. In this regard, marine sponge derived metabolites that induce apoptosis continue to be a promising source of new drug leads for cancer treatments. A PubMed query from 01/01/2005 to 31/01/2011 combined with hand-curation of the retrieved articles allowed for the identification of 39 recently confirmed apoptosis-inducing anticancer lead compounds isolated from the marine sponge that are selectively discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John A.C. Archer
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +966-544-700-701; Fax: +966-(2)-802-0127
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20
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Penicisteroids A and B, antifungal and cytotoxic polyoxygenated steroids from the marine alga-derived endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum QEN-24S. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2894-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Xu L, Korade Z, Porter NA. Oxysterols from free radical chain oxidation of 7-dehydrocholesterol: product and mechanistic studies. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:2222-32. [PMID: 20121089 DOI: 10.1021/ja9080265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Free radical chain oxidation of highly oxidizable 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), initiated by 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), was carried out at 37 degrees C in benzene for 24 h. Fifteen oxysterols derived from 7-DHC were isolated and characterized with 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A mechanism that involves abstraction of hydrogen atoms at C-9 and/or C-14 is proposed to account for the formation of all of the oxysterols and the reaction progress profile. In either the H-9 or H-14 mechanism, a pentadienyl radical intermediate is formed after abstraction of H-9 or H-14 by a peroxyl radical. This step is followed by the well-precedented transformations observed in peroxidation reactions of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as oxygen addition, peroxyl radical 5-exo cyclization, and S(H)i carbon radical attack on the peroxide bond. The mechanism for peroxidation of 7-DHC also accounts for the formation of numerous oxysterol natural products isolated from fungal species, marine sponges, and cactaceous species. In a cell viability test, the oxysterol mixture from 7-DHC peroxidation was found to be cytotoxic to Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells in the micromolar concentration range. We propose that the high reactivity of 7-DHC and the oxysterols generated from its peroxidation may play important roles in the pathogenesis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, all of these being metabolic disorders characterized by an elevated level of 7-DHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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22
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Xu L, Davis TA, Porter NA. Rate constants for peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sterols in solution and in liposomes. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 131:13037-44. [PMID: 19705847 DOI: 10.1021/ja9029076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rate constants for autoxidation propagation of several unsaturated lipids in benzene solution at 37 degrees C and in phosphatidylcholine liposomes were determined by a linoleate radical clock. This radical clock is based on competition between hydrogen atom abstraction by an intermediate peroxyl radical derived from linoleic acid that leads to a trans,cis-conjugated hydroxyoctadecadienoic product and beta-fragmentation of the same peroxyl that gives the trans,trans-product hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Rate constants determined by this approach in solution relative to linoleic acid (k(p) = 62 M(-1) s(-1)) were: arachidonic acid (k(p) = 197 +/- 13 M(-1) s(-1)), eicosapentaenoic acid (k(p) = 249 +/- 16 M(-1) s(-1)), docosahexaenoic acid (k(p) = 334 +/- 37 M(-1) s(-1)), cholesterol (k(p)= 11 +/- 2 M(-1) s(-1)), and 7-dehydrocholesterol (k(p)= 2260 +/- 40 M(-1) s(-1)). Free radical oxidations of multilamellar and unilamellar liposomes of various mixtures of glycerophosphatidylcholine molecular species were also carried out. In some experiments, cholesterol or 7-dehydrocholesterol was incorporated into the lipid mixture undergoing oxidation. A phosphatidylcholine bearing a linoleate ester at sn-2 was a component of each liposome peroxidation reaction and the ratio of trans,cis/trans,trans (t,c/t,t)-conjugated diene oxidation products formed from this phospholipid was determined for each oxidation reaction. This t,c/t,t-product ratio from linoleate was used to "clock" liposome constituents as hydrogen atom donors in the lipid bilayer. Application of this lipid bilayer radical clock gives relative autoxidation propagation rate constants of arachidonate (20:4), eicosapentaenoate (20:5), docosahexaenoate (22:6), and 7-dehydrocholesterol to be 115 +/- 7, 145 +/- 8, 172 +/- 13, and 832 +/- 86, respectively, a reactivity trend that parallels the one in solution. We also conclude from the liposome oxidations that linoleate peroxyl radicals at different positions on the eighteen-carbon chain (at C-9 and C-13) have different kinetic properties. This is in contrast to the results of solution oxidations of linoleate in which the C-9 and C-13 peroxyl radicals have similar reactivities. We suggest that peroxyl radical beta-scission depends on solvent polarity and the polarity of the local environment of peroxyl radicals in liposomal oxidations depends on the position of the peroxyl radical on the 18-carbon chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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23
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Mayer AMS, Gustafson KR. Marine pharmacology in 2005-2006: antitumour and cytotoxic compounds. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:2357-87. [PMID: 18701274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Revised: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During 2005 and 2006, marine pharmacology research directed towards the discovery and development of novel antitumour agents was reported in 171 peer-reviewed articles. The purpose of this article is to present a structured review of the antitumour and cytotoxic properties of 136 marine natural products, many of which are novel compounds that belong to diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. The organisms yielding these bioactive marine compounds included invertebrate animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Antitumour pharmacological studies were conducted with 42 structurally defined marine natural products in a number of experimental and clinical models which further defined their mechanisms of action. Particularly potent in vitro cytotoxicity data generated with murine and human tumour cell lines were reported for 94 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. Noteworthy is the fact that marine anticancer research was sustained by a global collaborative effort, involving researchers from Australia, Belgium, Benin, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Panama, the Philippines, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA). Finally, this 2005-2006 overview of the marine pharmacology literature highlights the fact that the discovery of novel marine antitumour agents continued at the same active pace as during 1998-2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Blunt JW, Copp BR, Hu WP, Munro MHG, Northcote PT, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:35-94. [PMID: 18250897 DOI: 10.1039/b701534h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2006 for marine natural products, with 758 citations (534 for the period January to December 2006) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, cnidaria, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (779 for 2006), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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