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Delgado Gómez LM, Torres-Mendoza D, Hernández-Torres K, Ortega HE, Cubilla-Rios L. Identification of Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove-Endophyte Lasiodiplodia iranensis F0619 by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Metabolites 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37623856 PMCID: PMC10456654 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasiodiplodia is a widely distributed fungal genus, frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions where it can cause disease in important crops. It represents a promising source of active secondary metabolites with uses in chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical processes. In this study, the strain Lasiodiplodia iranensis F0619 was isolated from the mangrove Avicennia ger-minans, collected from Sarigua National Park in the Republic of Panama. Fractions of crude extract were analyzed by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS, and five compounds, previously reported from Lasiodiplodia genus were identified, including 11,12-didehydro-7-iso-jasmonic acid (1), 4,5-didehydro-7-iso-jasmonic acid (2), cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro) (3), jasmonate-threonine (4), and abscisic acid (5). We describe and analyze their MS/MS fragmentation patterns to confirm the compounds 'chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth M. Delgado Gómez
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
| | - Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Kathleen Hernández-Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Programa de Maestría en Microbiología Ambiental, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Humberto E. Ortega
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama; (L.M.D.G.); (D.T.-M.); (K.H.-T.); (H.E.O.)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824, Panama
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González Y, Mojica-Flores R, Moreno-Labrador D, Cubilla-Rios L, Rao KSJ, Fernández PL, Larionov OV, Lakey-Beitia J. Polyphenols with Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Curcumin Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043691. [PMID: 36835104 PMCID: PMC9966181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of anti-inflammatory activities of new curcumin derivatives. The thirteen curcumin derivatives were synthesized by Steglich esterification on one or both of the phenolic rings of curcumin with the aim of providing improved anti-inflammatory activity. Monofunctionalized compounds showed better bioactivity than the difunctionalized derivatives in terms of inhibiting IL-6 production, and known compound 2 presented the highest activity. Additionally, this compound showed strong activity against PGE2. Structure-activity relationship studies were carried out for both IL-6 and PGE2, and it was found that the activity of this series of compounds increases when a free hydroxyl group or aromatic ligands are present on the curcumin ring and a linker moiety is absent. Compound 2 remained the highest activity in modulating IL-6 production and showed strong activity against PGE2 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisett González
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Randy Mojica-Flores
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama
| | - Dilan Moreno-Labrador
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02852, Panama
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824-03366, Panama
| | - K. S. Jagannatha Rao
- Center for Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF) Deemed to be University, Vaddeswaram 522 302, India
| | - Patricia L. Fernández
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Oleg V. Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence: (O.V.L.); (J.L.-B.); Tel.: +1-210-458-6050 (O.V.L.); +507-517-0700 (J.L.-B.)
| | - Johant Lakey-Beitia
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02852, Panama
- Center for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, City of Knowledge, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama
- Correspondence: (O.V.L.); (J.L.-B.); Tel.: +1-210-458-6050 (O.V.L.); +507-517-0700 (J.L.-B.)
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Ortega HE, Torres-Mendoza D, Caballero E. Z, Cubilla-Rios L. Structurally Uncommon Secondary Metabolites Derived from Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:570. [PMID: 34356949 PMCID: PMC8308102 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Among microorganisms, endophytic fungi are the least studied, but they have attracted attention due to their high biological diversity and ability to produce novel and bioactive secondary metabolites to protect their host plant against biotic and abiotic stress. These compounds belong to different structural classes, such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polyketides, and steroids, which could present significant biological activities that are useful for pharmacological or medical applications. Recent reviews on endophytic fungi have mainly focused on the production of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we focus on compounds produced by endophytic fungi, reported with uncommon bioactive structures, establishing the neighbor net and diversity of endophytic fungi. The review includes compounds published from January 2015 to December 2020 that were catalogued as unprecedented, rare, uncommon, or possessing novel structural skeletons from more than 39 different genera, with Aspergillus and Penicillium being the most mentioned. They were reported as displaying cytotoxic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, or anti-inflammatory activity. The solid culture, using rice as a carbon source, was the most common medium utilized in the fermentation process when this type of compound was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto E. Ortega
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824, Panama; (H.E.O.); (D.T.-M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824, Panama
| | - Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824, Panama; (H.E.O.); (D.T.-M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824, Panama
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0824, Panama
| | - Zuleima Caballero E.
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Institute for Scientific Research and Technology Services (INDICASAT-AIP), Clayton 0843-01103, Panama;
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824, Panama; (H.E.O.); (D.T.-M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City 0824, Panama
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Ortega HE, Torres-Mendoza D, Cubilla-Rios L. Patents on Endophytic Fungi for Agriculture and Bio- and Phytoremediation Applications. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081237. [PMID: 32823804 PMCID: PMC7465599 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant endophytic fungi spend all or part of their lives inside host tissues without causing disease symptoms. They can colonize the plant to protect against predators, pathogens and abiotic stresses generated by drought, salinity, high concentrations of heavy metals, UV radiation and temperature fluctuations. They can also promote plant growth through the biosynthesis of phytohormones and nutrient acquisition. In recent years, the study of endophytic fungi for biological control of plant diseases and pests has been intensified to try to reduce the ecological and public health impacts due the use of chemicals and the emergence of fungicide resistance. In this review, we examine 185 patents related to endophytic fungi (from January 1988 to December 2019) and discuss their applicability for abiotic stress tolerance and growth promotion of plants, as agents for biocontrol of herbivores and plant pathogens and bio- and phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto E. Ortega
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (H.E.O.); (D.T.-M.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama
| | - Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (H.E.O.); (D.T.-M.)
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (H.E.O.); (D.T.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +507-6676-5824
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Torres-Mendoza D, Ortega HE, Cubilla-Rios L. Patents on Endophytic Fungi Related to Secondary Metabolites and Biotransformation Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E58. [PMID: 32370098 PMCID: PMC7344749 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are an important group of microorganisms and one of the least studied. They enhance their host's resistance against abiotic stress, disease, insects, pathogens and mammalian herbivores by producing secondary metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activity. Therefore, they could be an alternative source of secondary metabolites for applications in medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. In this review, we analyzed patents related to the production of secondary metabolites and biotransformation processes through endophytic fungi and their fields of application. We examined 245 patents (224 related to secondary metabolite production and 21 for biotransformation). The most patented fungi in the development of these applications belong to the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Phomopsis genera and cover uses in the biomedicine, agriculture, food, and biotechnology industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (D.T.-M.); (H.E.O.)
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama
| | - Humberto E. Ortega
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (D.T.-M.); (H.E.O.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama 0824, Panama; (D.T.-M.); (H.E.O.)
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Sánchez LA, Capitan Z, Romero LI, Ortega-Barría E, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Bio-Assay Guided Isolation of Germacranes with Anti-Protozoan Activity from Magnolia sororum. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of our search for antiprotozoal agents from terrestrial plants, three new germacranes 1, 2 and 3, together with the well known sesquiterpene lactones parthenolide (4) and costunolide (5), were isolated from Magnolia sororum using bioassay-guided fractionation methods. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compound 5 exhibited activity (IC50 = 9.4 μM) in vitro against the Leishmania mexicana parasite. Additionally, all compounds were also evaluated against Trypanosoma cruzi and Monkey Vero cells without showing much activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Sánchez
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 0824-00159, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Zeuz Capitan
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), National Bureau of Science Technology and Innovation, Clayton, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Luz I. Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), National Bureau of Science Technology and Innovation, Clayton, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Eduardo Ortega-Barría
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT), National Bureau of Science Technology and Innovation, Clayton, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 0824-00159, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Sousa JPB, Aguilar-Pérez MM, Arnold AE, Rios N, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Cubilla-Rios L. Chemical constituents and their antibacterial activity from the tropical endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. F2934. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1501-8. [PMID: 26991693 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate, characterize and determine the antibacterial activities of compounds produced by the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. F2934, cultivated on malt extract agar. METHODS AND RESULTS The fungus was cultivated aseptically in Petri dishes containing malt extract agar at 25°C for 15 days. Crude extract was obtained from mycelium using ethyl acetate and sonication, and was fractioned using classic chromatography and HPLC. The structures of phomosines and chromanones were established by NMR experiments including HMQC, HMBC and COSY. Their molecular formulas were determined by ESI-TOFMS. We obtained six compounds: (1) 4H-1-benzopyra-4-one-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,8-dimetyl, (2) 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-8-(hydroxylmethyl)-2-methyl, (3) 4H-1-benzopyra-4-one-2,3-dihydro-5-methoxyl-2,8-dimetyl, (4) phomosine A, (5) phomosine D and (6) phomosine C. Isolated compounds 1, 2 and 5 were inactive against 15 micro-organisms, but phomosines A and C were active against diverse Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS A group of new chromanones and known phomosines have been isolated from the genus Diaporthe (Diaporthe sp. F2934). The results obtained confirm the wide chemical diversity produced by endophytic fungi, specifically the genus Diaporthe. In addition, phomosines A and C may be considered as antimicrobial agents that can be used to guide the development of new antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our phylogenetic analysis places Diaporthe sp. F2934 as sister to the Diaporthe cynaroidis clade. Three chromanones were isolated and identified, for the first time, using crude extract obtained from Diaporthe F2934. From this extract phomosines A, C and D were also purified. Regarding Staphylococcus aureus, the inhibition zone diameter (IZD) for phomosine A was 20% higher than the standard drug, vancomycin. When cultivated as described here, Diaporthe sp. F2934 produced new and antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P B Sousa
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - M M Aguilar-Pérez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - A E Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - N Rios
- Department of Microbiology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - P D Coley
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - T A Kursar
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - L Cubilla-Rios
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.,Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
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Julca-Canto M, Aguilar-Pérez MM, Rios N, Sousa JPB, Cubilla-Rios L. Additional new natural products produced by Lentinus strigellus: a biotechnological approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Almeida C, Ortega H, Higginbotham S, Spadafora C, Arnold A, Coley P, Kursar T, Gerwick W, Cubilla-Rios L. Chemical and bioactive natural products from Microthyriaceae sp., an endophytic fungus from a tropical grass. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:58-64. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Almeida
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology; University of Panama; Panama City Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama City Republic of Panama
- Centro de Biodiversidade; Genómica Integrativa e Funcional (BioFIG); Universidade de Lisboa; Faculdade de Ciências; Edifício ICAT/TecLabs; Campus da FCUL; Campo Grande; Lisboa Portugal
| | - H. Ortega
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology; University of Panama; Panama City Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - S. Higginbotham
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - C. Spadafora
- Institute for Advanced Scientific Investigation and High Technology Services; National Secretariat of Science; Technology, and Innovation; City of Knowledge; Panama City Republic of Panama
| | - A.E. Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences; The University of Arizona; Tucson AZ USA
| | - P.D. Coley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama City Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - T.A. Kursar
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama City Republic of Panama
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - W.H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine; Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA USA
| | - L. Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology; University of Panama; Panama City Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panama City Republic of Panama
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Clark KE, Capper A, Togna GD, Paul VJ, Romero LI, Johns T, Cubilla-Rios L, Capson TL. Ecology- and Bioassay-Guided Drug Discovery for Treatments of Tropical Parasitic Disease: 5α,8α-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol Isolated from the Mollusk Dolabrifera dolabrifera Shows Significant Activity against Leishmania donovani. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5α,8α-epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 μM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 μM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Clark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Angela Capper
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
- current address: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- current address: Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 5502, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Luz I. Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824–10835, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Todd L. Capson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: 1743 18th St. NW Washington DC, 20009 USA
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Clark KE, Capper A, Della Togna G, Paul VJ, Romero LI, Johns T, Cubilla-Rios L, Capson TL. Ecology- and bioassay-guided drug discovery for treatments of tropical parasitic disease: 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxycholest-6-en-3beta-ol isolated from the mollusk Dolabrifera dolabrifera shows significant activity against Leishmania donovani. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1537-1540. [PMID: 24427935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxycholest-6-en-3beta-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 microM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 microM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Clark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
| | - Angela Capper
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Luz I Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824-10835, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Todd L Capson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
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12
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Ortega HE, Graupner PR, Asai Y, Tendyke K, Qiu D, Shen YY, Rios N, Arnold AE, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Mycoleptodiscins A and B, cytotoxic alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus sp. F0194. J Nat Prod 2013; 76:741-744. [PMID: 23560689 DOI: 10.1021/np300792t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two novel reddish-orange alkaloids, mycoleptodiscin A (1) and mycoleptodiscin B (2), were isolated from liquid cultures of the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus sp. that had been isolated from Desmotes incomparabilis in Panama. Elucidation of their structures was accomplished using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR spectroscopic and MS data. These compounds are indole-terpenes with a new skeleton uncommon in nature. Mycoleptodiscin B (2) was active in inhibiting the growth of cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range 0.60-0.78 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto E Ortega
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Science and Technology, University of Panama, Panama
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13
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Martínez-Luis S, Cherigo L, Higginbotham S, Arnold E, Spadafora C, Ibañez A, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Screening and evaluation of antiparasitic and in vitro anticancer activities of Panamanian endophytic fungi. Int Microbiol 2012; 14:95-102. [PMID: 22069153 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many compounds produced by fungi have relevant pharmaceutical applications. The purpose of this study was to collect and isolate endophytic fungi from different regions of Panama and then to test their potential therapeutic activities against Leishmania donovani, Plasmodium falciparum, and Trypanosoma cruzi as well as their anticancer activities in MCF-7 cells. Of the 25 fungal isolates obtained, ten of them had good anti-parasitic potential, showing selective activity against L. donovani; four had significant anti-malarial activity; and three inhibited the growth of T. cruzi. Anticancer activity was demonstrated in four isolates. Of the active isolates, Edenia sp. strain F0755, Xylaria sp. strain F1220, Aspergillus sp. strain F1544, Mycoleptodiscus sp. strain F0194, Phomopsis sp. strain F1566, Pycnoporus sp. strain F0305, and Diaporthe sp. strain F1647 showed the most promise based on their selective bioactivity and lack of toxicity in the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Luis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services, Panama.
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14
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Martínez-Luis S, Cherigo L, Arnold E, Spadafora C, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Antiparasitic and Anticancer Constituents of the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. strain F1544. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the combined goal of finding the best anti-parasitic and anti-cancer activities as well as isolating the bioactive agents and studying their structures and biological properties, we proceeded to perform a small-scale cultivation of Aspergillus sp. strain F1544 using Potato Dextrose, Malt Extract, Czapek Dox and Eight Vegetables media. From the more promising extracts (obtaining using potato dextrose and czapek dox media in large scale) of this fungus, we isolated the five compounds: pseurotin A (1), 14-norpseurotin A (2), FD-838 (3), and pseurotin D (4), and fumoquinone B (5). All compounds showed good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Luis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services, City of Knowledge, PO Box 0843-01103, Panama
| | - Lilia Cherigo
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Panama, Panama City, Apartado 0824-00159, Panama
| | - Elizabeth Arnold
- Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Center for Cellular & Molecular Biology of Diseases, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services, City of Knowledge, PO Box 0843-01103, Panama
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Panama, Panama City, Apartado 0824-00159, Panama
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15
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Molinar E, Rios N, Spadafora C, Arnold AE, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Coibanoles, a new class of meroterpenoids produced by Pycnoporus sanguineus.. Tetrahedron Lett 2012; 53:919-922. [PMID: 25177062 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Three new terpenoids of mixed biosynthetic origin were isolated from the culture filtrate of the endophytic fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. We have named these tricyclic and tetracyclic metabolites 'coibanoles A-C' in reference to Coiba Island and Coiba National Park, Panamá, from which the plant and endophyte were collected. The extract was inactive to the human parasites Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum at a test concentration of 10 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Molinar
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panamá, Panama
| | - Nivia Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panamá, Panama
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Institute for Advanced Scientific Investigation and High Technology Services, National Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Innovation, City of Knowledge, Panama
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Phyllis D Coley
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, Panamá
| | - Thomas A Kursar
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, Panamá
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panamá, Panama ; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, Panamá
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Martínez-Luis S, Cherigo L, Arnold E, Spadafora C, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Antiparasitic and anticancer constituents of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. strain F1544. Nat Prod Commun 2012; 7:165-168. [PMID: 22474943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the combined goal of finding the best anti-parasitic and anti-cancer activities as well as isolating the bioactive agents and studying their structures and biological properties, we proceeded to perform a small-scale cultivation of Aspergillus sp. strain F1544 using Potato Dextrose, Malt Extract, Czapek Dox and Eight Vegetables media. From the more promising extracts (obtaining using potato dextrose and czapek dox media in large scale) of this fungus, we isolated the five compounds: pseurotin A (1), 14-norpseurotin A (2), FD-838 (3), and pseurotin D (4), and fumoquinone B (5). All compounds showed good antileishmanial and moderate anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Luis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Institute for Advanced Scientific Research and High Technology Services, City of Knowledge, PO Box 0843-01103, Panama
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17
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Prado A, Ledezma J, Cubilla-Rios L, Bede JC, Windsor DM. Two Genera of Aulacoscelinae Beetles Reflexively Bleed Azoxyglycosides Found in Their Host Cycads. J Chem Ecol 2011; 37:736-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-011-9977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Moreno E, Varughese T, Spadafora C, Arnold AE, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Chemical Constituents of the New Endophytic Fungus Mycosphaerella sp. nov. and Their Anti-parasitic Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a new endophytic fungus, Mycosphaerella sp. nov. strain F2140, associated with the foliage of the plant Psychotria horizontalis (Rubiaceae) in Panama, resulted in the isolation of cercosporin (1) and a new cercosporin analog (3) as the major components. The structures of minor compounds in the extract were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis as 2-(2-butyl)-6-ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1, 5-dione (4), 3-(2-butyl)-6-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone (5), and an isomer of 5 (6). To study the influence of the hydroxy groups on the antiparasitic activity of cercosporin, compound 1 was acetylated to obtain derivative 2. The isolated compounds 1-6 were tested in vitro to determine their antiparasitic activity against the causal agents of malaria ( Plasmodium falciparum), leishmaniasis ( Leishmania donovani), and Chagas disease ( Trypanosoma cruzi). Cytotoxicity and potential anticancer activity of these compounds were evaluated using mammalian Vero cells and MCF7 cancer cell lines, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed high potency against L. donovani (IC50 0.46 and 0.64 μM), T. cruzi (IC50 1.08 and 0.78 μM), P. falciparum (IC50 1.03 and 2.99 μM), and MCF7 cancer cell lines (IC50 4.68 and 3.56 μM). Compounds 3-6 were not active in these assays at a concentration of 10 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eufemio Moreno
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Titto Varughese
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Institute for Advanced Scientific Investigation and High Technology Services, National Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Innovation, City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama
| | | | - Phyllis D. Coley
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas A. Kursar
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
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Moreno E, Varughese T, Spadafora C, Arnold AE, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Chemical constituents of the new endophytic fungus Mycosphaerella sp. nov. and their anti-parasitic activity. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:835-840. [PMID: 21815421 PMCID: PMC3375898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a new endophytic fungus, Mycosphaerella sp. nov. strain F2140, associated with the foliage of the plant Psychotria horizontalis (Rubiaceae) in Panama, resulted in the isolation of cercosporin (1) and a new cercosporin analog (3) as the major components. The structures of minor compounds in the extract were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis as 2-(2-butyl)-6-ethyl-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohex-2-ene-1,5-dione (4), 3-(2-butyl)-6-ethyl-5-hydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone (5), and an isomer of 5 (6). To study the influence of the hydroxy groups on the anti-parasitic activity of cercosporin, compound 1 was acetylated to obtain derivative 2. The isolated compounds 1- 6 were tested in vitro to determine their anti-parasitic activity against the causal agents of malaria (Plasmodium falciparum), leishmaniasis (Leishmania donovani), and Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi). Cytotoxicity and potential anticancer activity of these compounds were evaluated using mammalian Vero cells and MCF7 cancer cell lines, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed high potency against L. donovani (IC50 0.46 and 0.64 microM), T. cruzi (IC50 1.08 and 0.78 microM), P. falciparum (IC50 1.03 and 2.99 microM), and MCF7 cancer cell lines (IC50 4.68 and 3.56 microM). Compounds 3-6 were not active in these assays at a concentration of 10 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eufemio Moreno
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Titto Varughese
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Institute for Advanced Scientific Investigation and High Technology Services, National Secretariat of Science, Technology, and Innovation, City of Knowledge, Republic of Panama
| | | | | | | | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Republic of Panama
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Parker IM, López I, Petersen JJ, Anaya N, Cubilla-Rios L, Potter D. Domestication Syndrome in Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainito L.): Fruit and Seed Characteristics. Econ Bot 2010; 64:161-175. [PMID: 20543881 PMCID: PMC2882042 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-010-9121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Domestication Syndrome in Caimito (Chrysophyllum cainitoL.): Fruit and Seed Characteristics: The process of domestication is understudied and poorly known for many tropical fruit tree crops. The star apple or caimito tree (Chrysophyllum cainito L., Sapotaceae) is cultivated throughout the New World tropics for its edible fruits. We studied this species in central Panama, where it grows wild in tropical moist forests and is also commonly cultivated in backyard gardens. Using fruits collected over two harvest seasons, we tested the hypothesis that cultivated individuals of C. cainito show distinctive fruit and seed characteristics associated with domestication relative to wild types. We found that cultivated fruits were significantly and substantially larger and allocated more to pulp and less to exocarp than wild fruits. The pulp of cultivated fruits was less acidic; also, the pulp had lower concentrations of phenolics and higher concentrations of sugar. The seeds were larger and more numerous and were less defended with phenolics in cultivated than in wild fruits. Discriminant Analysis showed that, among the many significant differences, fruit size and sugar concentration drove the great majority of the variance distinguishing wild from cultivated classes. Variance of pulp phenolics among individuals was significantly higher among wild trees than among cultivated trees, while variance of fruit mass and seed number was significantly higher among cultivated trees. Most traits showed strong correlations between years. Overall, we found a clear signature of a domestication syndrome in the fruits of cultivated caimito in Panama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
| | - Isis López
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | | | - Natalia Anaya
- Laboratorio de Bioorganica Tropical, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorganica Tropical, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Daniel Potter
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA USA
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Martínez-Luis S, Della-Togna G, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Antileishmanial constituents of the Panamanian endophytic fungus Edenia sp. J Nat Prod 2008; 71:2011-4. [PMID: 19007286 PMCID: PMC2774465 DOI: 10.1021/np800472q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-directed fractionation of extracts from the fermentation broth and mycelium of the fungus Edenia sp. led tothe isolation of five antileishmanial compounds, preussomerin EG1 (1), palmarumycin CP2 (2), palmarumycin CP17 (3), palmarumycin CP18 (4), and CJ-12,371 (5). Compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products, and this is only the second report of compound 1. The structures of compounds 1-5 were established by spectroscopic analyses (HRMS and NMR). All metabolites caused significant inhibition of the growth of Leishmania donoVani in the amastigote form, with IC50 values of 0.12, 3.93, 1.34, 0.62, and 8.40 microM, respectively. Compounds 1-5 were inactive when tested against Plasmodium falciparum or Trypanasoma cruzi at a concentration of 10 microg/mL, indicating that they have selective activity against Leishmania parasites. Compounds 1-5 showed weak cytotoxicity to Vero cells (IC50 of 9, 162, 174, 152, and 150 microM, respectively); however, the therapeutic window of these compounds is quite significant with 75, 41, 130, 245, and 18 times (respectively) more antileishmanial activity than cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: (507) 6676 5824. Fax:(507) 264 4450.
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Jiménez-Romero C, Torres-Mendoza D, Ureña González LD, Ortega-Barría E, McPhail KL, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Hydroxyalkenylresorcinols from Stylogyne turbacensis. J Nat Prod 2007; 70:1249-52. [PMID: 17629327 DOI: 10.1021/np070081d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds, 5-(11'(S)-hydroxy-8'-heptadecenyl)resorcinol (3) and 5-(12'(S)-hydroxy-8',14'-heptadecadienyl)resorcinol (4), were isolated from the leaves of Stylogyne turbacensis together with the known analogue metabolites 1 and 2. Compounds 3 and 4 showed the strongest activity in the leishmania assay, 7 and 3 microM, respectively, while compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed moderate activity against a drug-resistant strain of Trypanosoma cruzi with IC(50) values of 30, 25, and 22 microM, respectively. Additional testing in MCF-7 and NCI-H460 was performed for compounds 3 and 4. The structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated using NMR, MS, and other spectroscopic data. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds 3 and 4 was also investigated using the Mosher ester approach. Peracetylated derivatives of these four metabolites were produced and their activities determined in the Trypanosoma cruzi assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Romero
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, Apartado 0824-10835, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Torres-Mendoza D, González J, Ortega-Barría E, Heller MV, Capson TL, McPhail K, Gerwick WH, Cubilla-Rios L. Weakly antimalarial flavonol arabinofuranosides from Calycolpus warszewiczianus. J Nat Prod 2006; 69:826-8. [PMID: 16724851 DOI: 10.1021/np050484i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new flavonol arabinosides (2-4) were isolated from the young leaves of Calycolpus warszewiczianus. The structures were determined as myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-3' '-acetylarabinofuranoside (2), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-3' ',5' '-diacetylarabinofuranoside (3), and 5-galloylquercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (4). Molecular structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy in combination with IR and MS data. Two known compounds, myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (1) and (-)-epi-catechin (5), were also isolated. The compounds were tested in vitro against a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania mexicana, and Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. Compound 4 demonstrated weak activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum (14.5 microM), whereas none of the compounds demonstrated activity against L. mexicana and T. cruzi at the concentrations of 40 and 50 microg/mL, respectively, and no cytotoxicity was detected against mammalian cells below 100 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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Torres-Mendoza D, Ureña González LD, Ortega-Barría E, Coley PD, Kursar TA, Capson TL, McPhail K, Cubilla-Rios L. Novel cassane and cleistanthane diterpenes from Myrospermum frutescens: absolute stereochemistry of the cassane diterpene series. J Nat Prod 2004; 67:1711-1715. [PMID: 15497945 DOI: 10.1021/np049890c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Four new diterpenes (1-4) were isolated from the leaves of Myrospermum frutescens as minor constituents. Chagresnol (1), 6beta,18-diacetoxycassan-13,15-diene (2), and chagreslactone (3) possess cassane skeletons, while chagresnone (4) exhibits a cleistanthane skeleton. Molecular structures and their relative stereochemistries were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy in combination with UV, IR, and MS spectral data. Although compound 2 was previously reported as a synthetic product, we report its first isolation as a natural product. Derivative products (10-13) were obtained to test their activities against Chagas's disease. In addition, the absolute stereochemistry of the previously isolated cassane diterpene 5 from M. frutescens is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Tropical Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural, Exact Sciences and Technology, Apartado 0824-10835, University of Panama, Panama City, Republic of Panama
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