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Ren Y, Elkington BG, Henkin JM, Sydara K, Kinghorn AD, Soejarto DD. Bioactive small-molecule constituents of Lao plants. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 15:540-559. [PMID: 35178192 PMCID: PMC8849567 DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2021.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laos has a rich plant diversity, and medicinal plants are used extensively in Lao traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of human diseases. However, only a relatively small number of these plants have been investigated for their major components with potential antitumor, anti-infective, and other types of bioactivities. These species include Asparagus cochinchinensis, Diospyros quaesita, Gongronema napalense, Marsypopetalum modestum, Nauclea orientalis, Rourea minor, Stemona pierrei, and Stemona tuberosa. Thus far, the bioactive compounds isolated from these Lao plants include alkaloids, glycerol esters, phenolic compounds such as lignans and stilbenoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Of these, the norlignan, nyasol (1b), the triterpenes, pyracrenic acid [3β-O-trans-caffeoylbetulinic acid (3)] and betulinic acid (3b), and the dimeric thiopyridine, dipyrithione (5), were found to show both cancer cell cytotoxicity and anti-infective activity. The present review focuses on examples of promising lead compounds isolated from Lao plants, with their possible development as potential therapeutic agents being discussed. It is hoped that this contribution will provide useful information on higher plants growing in Laos to help stimulate future discoveries of potential agents for the treatment of cancer, infections, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Bethany G. Elkington
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Science and Education, Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Joshua M. Henkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Science and Education, Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
- Science and Education, Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, United States
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Elliott E, Chassagne F, Aubouy A, Deharo E, Souvanasy O, Sythamala P, Sydara K, Lamxay V, Manithip C, Torres JA, Bourdy G. Forest Fevers: traditional treatment of malaria in the southern lowlands of Laos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112187. [PMID: 31476439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is still a highly challenging public health issue in southern Lao PDR, with increasing cases of artemisinin resistance and Plasmodium vivax infections which are more complicated to treat. Traditional medicine has a long history of use in Laos, and is primarily practised by traditional village healers, who possess unique bodies of transmitted knowledge focused on herbal prescriptions, including those for the treatment of malaria. Villagers also use plants for healthcare in the home. The aim of the study is to document local fever concepts and use of herbal remedies, and examine whether they may have potential as complementary treatments against malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study took place in Champasak province in the far south of Laos, in primarily lowland areas. First, 35 traditional healers across the 10 districts of the province were interviewed to elicit details about knowledge and treatment of fevers. Second, a household survey was conducted in a village in a malaria-endemic area; 97 households were interviewed on fever incidence, differentiation, treatment-seeking behaviour and knowledge of plant-based remedies for fevers. Plants indicated by both healers and villagers were collected and voucher specimens deposited in the herbarium of the National University of Laos for identification. RESULTS Malaria is a well-known pathology among the healers and villagers of lowland Champasak province; biomedical treatments are preferentially used, but traditional medicine is a popular complementary method, especially in chronic cases with additional symptoms. 30 different fever types were recorded, which were usually named symptomatically, and grouped into 12 categories. Some were described as forms of malaria, which was conceived as a dynamic, changing pathology affecting many body systems. Healers formulate treatments based on symptoms and the person's constitution, and with the intention of creating specific pharmacological actions associated with temperature or flavours. 11 of the healers gave prescriptions for malaria (27 in total), including 47 identified plant species. The most-used plants (4 or more use-reports) were also the most cited in the literature for use against malaria, demonstrating a correspondence between Lao healers and other traditional medical systems. Furthermore, some of these species show promising results for future research, especially Amorphophallus paeniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson and Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don. CONCLUSION Traditional healers are important actors in the treatment of malaria in southern Laos, and herbal remedies should be evaluated further by the use of reverse treatment outcome trials, especially those which may be of use as complementary remedies in treating P. vivax. Initiatives on knowledge transmission, medicinal plant conservation and healthcare integration are also urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - François Chassagne
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, Université de Toulouse, France; Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- UMR 152 Pharmadev, IRD, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Outhay Souvanasy
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Champasak Regional Hospital, Pakse, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Phaiboun Sythamala
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Champasak Regional Hospital, Pakse, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Vichith Lamxay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
| | - Chantanom Manithip
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic
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Henkin JM, Sydara K, Xayvue M, Souliya O, Kinghorn AD, Burdette JE, Chen WL, Elkington BG, Soejarto DD. Revisiting the linkage between ethnomedical use and development of new medicines: A novel plant collection strategy towards the discovery of anticancer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:621-634. [PMID: 29152156 DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2017.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Vietnam-Laos International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) based at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) catalyzed a country-wide network of medicinal plant preserves (MPP) and medicinal biodiversity preserves (MBP) now established in ten provinces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), which are relied upon as protected sources of ethnomedicines for local villagers and traditional healers. In collaboration with the Lao PDR's Institute of Traditional Medicine (ITM), our ongoing P01 Program Project (Ohio State University) examined the anticancer bioprospecting potential for two of the most exhaustively inventoried of these sites: the Bolikhamxay MPP and the Xiengkhouang MBP. Guided by prior voucher specimens sourced from these preserves with an overwhelming emphasis on plants employed in traditional medicine, 201 distinct samples from 96 species were collected along with proper herbarium documentation. Aliquots of these plant samples were extracted in azeotropic ethanol and evaporated to dryness for initial biological evaluation. In six samples from six different species (2.99% of the collected samples, 6.25% of taxa) it was observed that extracts exhibited notable cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. The wisdom behind the utilization of HT-29 cells in this preliminary biological screen is discussed. Furthermore, comparison of screening results based on longstanding considerations and ideological underpinnings of ethnobotanical vs. "random" biodiversity-based collection approaches is detailed herein. The results of this interdisciplinary study support the hypothesis that, by privileging the initial sample set in terms of human safety and pharmacological activity, ethnobotanically driven collection for biological screening efforts can produce leads unprecedented by the strict traditional usages of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Henkin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Mouachanh Xayvue
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - Onevilay Souliya
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane Capital, Lao People's Democratic Republic
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Wei-Lun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Bethany G Elkington
- Science and Education, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA
| | - Djaja D Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Zhang HJ, Rumschlag-Booms E, Guan YF, Wang DY, Liu KL, Li WF, Nguyen VH, Cuong NM, Soejarto DD, Fong HHS, Rong L. Potent Inhibitor of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Strains Identified from the Medicinal Plant Justicia gendarussa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1798-1807. [PMID: 28613071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Justicia gendarussa, a medicinal plant collected in Vietnam, was identified as a potent anti-HIV-1 active lead from the evaluation of over 4500 plant extracts. Bioassay-guided separation of the extracts of the stems and roots of this plant led to the isolation of an anti-HIV arylnaphthalene lignan (ANL) glycoside, patentiflorin A (1). Evaluation of the compound against both the M- and T-tropic HIV-1 isolates showed it to possess a significantly higher inhibition effect than the clinically used anti-HIV drug AZT. Patentiflorin A and two congeners were synthesized, de novo, as an efficient strategy for resupply as well as for further structural modification of the anti-HIV ANL glycosides in the search for drug leads. Subsequently, it was determined that the presence of a quinovopyranosyloxy group in the structure is likely essential to retain the high degree of anti-HIV activity of this type of compounds. Patentiflorin A was further investigated against the HIV-1 gene expression of the R/U5 and U5/gag transcripts, and the data showed that the compound acts as a potential inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcription. Importantly, the compound displayed potent inhibitory activity against drug-resistant HIV-1 isolates of both the nucleotide analogue (AZT) and non-nucleotide analogue (nevaripine). Thus, the ANL glycosides have the potential to be developed as novel anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Emily Rumschlag-Booms
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yi-Fu Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Fei Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Van H Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Djaja D Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Harry H S Fong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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Zhang HJ, Rumschlag-Booms E, Guan YF, Liu KL, Wang DY, Li WF, Nguyen VH, Cuong NM, Soejarto DD, Fong HHS, Rong L. Anti-HIV diphyllin glycosides from Justicia gendarussa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 136:94-100. [PMID: 28110956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In a search for new anti-HIV active leads from over several thousands of plant extracts, we have identified a potent plant lead. The active plant is determined as Justicia gendarussa (Acanthaceae), a medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of injury, arthritis and rheumatism in Asia including China. Our bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the stems and barks of the plant led to the isolation of two anti-HIV compounds, justiprocumins A and B. The compounds are identified as new arylnaphthalide lignans (ANL) glycosides. We further determined that the ANL glycosides are the chemical constituents that contribute to the anti-HIV activity of this plant. Justiprocumin B displayed potent activity against a broad spectrum of HIV strains with IC50 values in the range of 15-21 nM (AZT, IC50 77-95 nM). The compound also displayed potent inhibitory activity against the NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)-resistant isolate (HIV-11617-1) of the analogue (AZT) as well as the NNRTI (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)-resistant isolate (HIV-1N119) of the analogue (nevaripine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Emily Rumschlag-Booms
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yi-Fu Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kang-Lun Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Dong-Ying Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wan-Fei Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Van Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Djaja Doel Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Harry H S Fong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Guan Y, Wang D, Tan GT, Van Hung N, Cuong NM, Pezzuto JM, Fong HHS, Soejarto DD, Zhang H. Litsea Species as Potential Antiviral Plant Sources. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:275-90. [PMID: 27080941 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Litsea verticillata Hance (Lauraceae), a Chinese medicine used to treat swelling caused by injury or by snake bites, was the first plant identified by our National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) project to exhibit anti-HIV activities. From this plant, we discovered a class of 8 novel litseane compounds, prototypic sesquiterpenes, all of which demonstrated anti-HIV activities. In subsequent studies, 26 additional compounds of different structural types were identified. During our continuing investigation of this plant species, we identified two new litseanes, litseaverticillols L and M, and a new sesquiterpene butenolide, litseasesquibutenolide. Litseaverticillols L and M were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, with an IC[Formula: see text] value of 49.6[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. To further determine the antiviral properties of this plant, several relatively abundant isolates, including a litseane compound, two eudesmane sesquiterpenes and three lignans, were evaluated against an additional 21 viral targets. Lignans 8 and 9 were shown to be active against the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), with EC[Formula: see text] values of 22.0[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]) and 16.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M ([Formula: see text]), respectively. Since many antiviral compounds have been discovered in L. verticillata, we further prepared 38 plant extracts made from the different plant parts of 9 additional Litsea species. These extracts were evaluated for their anti-HIV and cytotoxic activities, and four of the extracts, which ranged across three different species, displayed 97-100% inhibitory effects against HIV replication without showing cytotoxicity to a panel of human cell lines at a concentration of 20 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Guan
- * School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,† Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- * School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,† Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ghee T Tan
- ‡ The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., HI 96720-4091, USA
| | - Nguyen Van Hung
- § Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - John M Pezzuto
- ‡ The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., HI 96720-4091, USA
| | - Harry H S Fong
- ∥ Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago IL 60612, USA
| | - Djaja Doel Soejarto
- ∥ Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago IL 60612, USA.,** Science and Education, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Sore Dr., Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- * School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,† Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Zhang HJ, Li WF, Fong HHS, Soejarto DD. Discovery of Bioactive Compounds by the UIC-ICBG Drug Discovery Program in the 18 Years Since 1998. Molecules 2016; 21:E1448. [PMID: 27809237 PMCID: PMC6273581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups (ICBG) Program based at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is a program aimed to address the interdependent issues of inventory and conservation of biodiversity, drug discovery and sustained economic growth in both developing and developed countries. It is an interdisciplinary program involving the extensive synergies and collaborative efforts of botanists, chemists and biologists in the countries of Vietnam, Laos and the USA. The UIC-ICBG drug discovery efforts over the past 18 years have resulted in the collection of a cumulative total of more than 5500 plant samples (representing more than 2000 species), that were evaluated for their potential biological effects against cancer, HIV, bird flu, tuberculosis and malaria. The bioassay-guided fractionation and separation of the bioactive plant leads resulted in the isolation of approximately 300 compounds of varying degrees of structural complexity and/or biological activity. The present paper summarizes the significant drug discovery achievements made by the UIC-ICBG team of multidisciplinary collaborators in the project over the period of 1998-2012 and the projects carried on in the subsequent years by involving the researchers in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Wan-Fei Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Harry H S Fong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Djaja Doel Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Pan W, Liu K, Guan Y, Tan GT, Hung NV, Cuong NM, Soejarto DD, Pezzuto JM, Fong HHS, Zhang H. Bioactive compounds from Vitex leptobotrys. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:663-7. [PMID: 24404757 PMCID: PMC4068261 DOI: 10.1021/np400779v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A new lignan, vitexkarinol (1), as well as a known lignan, neopaulownin (2), a known chalcone, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one (3), two known dehydroflavones, tsugafolin (4) and alpinetin (5), two known dipeptides, aurantiamide and aurantiamide acetate, a known sesquiterpene, vemopolyanthofuran, and five known carotenoid metabolites, vomifoliol, dihydrovomifoliol, dehydrovomifoliol, loliolide, and isololiolide, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Vitex leptobotrys through bioassay-guided fractionation. The chalcone (3) was found to inhibit HIV-1 replication by 77% at 15.9 μM, and the two dehydroflavones (4 and 5) showed weak anti-HIV activity with IC50 values of 118 and 130 μM, respectively, while being devoid of cytotoxicity at 150 μM. A chlorophyll-enriched fraction of V. leptobotrys, containing pheophorbide a, was found to inhibit the replication of HIV-1 by 80% at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Compounds 1 and 3 were further selected to be evaluated against 21 viral targets available at NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Pan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Elkington BG, Sydara K, Newsome A, Hwang CH, Lankin DC, Simmler C, Napolitano JG, Ree R, Graham JG, Gyllenhaal C, Bouamanivong S, Souliya O, Pauli GF, Franzblau SG, Soejarto DD. New finding of an anti-TB compound in the genus Marsypopetalum (Annonaceae) from a traditional herbal remedy of Laos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:903-911. [PMID: 24333958 PMCID: PMC3933013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There is widespread use of traditional herbal remedies in the Lao PDR (Laos). It is common practice to treat many diseases with local plants. This research project documented and analysed some of these traditional remedies used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis (TB). MATERIALS AND METHODS This research was executed by interviewing healers about plants used traditionally to treat the symptoms of TB. Samples of some of the plants were collected, and extracts of 77 species were submitted to various in vitro assays in order to determine the amount of growth inhibition of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb), as opposed to other microbes and mammalian Vero cells. RESULTS Interviews took place with 58 contemporary healers in 5 different provinces about plants currently used, giving a list of 341 plants. Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed on Marsypopetalum modestum (Pierre) B. Xue and R.M.K. Saunders (Annonaceae), leading to the isolation of dipyrithione, an anti-mycobacterial compound isolated for the first time from the genus Marsypopetalum through this research. CONCLUSIONS This research has helped to increase awareness of Laos' rich diversity of medicinal plants and will hopefully provide incentive to preserve the undeveloped forested areas that remain, which still hold a wealth of medical information for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Elkington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA.
| | - Kongmany Sydara
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Laos.
| | - Andrew Newsome
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Chang Hwa Hwang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - David C Lankin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - José G Napolitano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Richard Ree
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA.
| | - James G Graham
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA.
| | - Charlotte Gyllenhaal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | - Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Djaja Djendoel Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, USA.
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Soejarto DD, Gyllenhaal C, Kadushin MR, Southavong B, Sydara K, Bouamanivong S, Xaiveu M, Zhang HJ, Franzblau SG, Tan GT, Pezzuto JM, Riley MC, Elkington BG, Waller DP. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants of Laos toward the discovery of bioactive compounds as potential candidates for pharmaceutical development. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:42-60. [PMID: 22136442 PMCID: PMC3534868 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.619700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT An ethnobotany-based approach in the selection of raw plant materials to study was implemented. OBJECTIVE To acquire raw plant materials using ethnobotanical field interviews as starting point to discover new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants of the Lao People's Democratic Republic. METHODS Using semi-structured field interviews with healers in the Lao PDR, plant samples were collected, extracted, and bio-assayed to detect bioactivity against cancer, HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria. Plant species demonstrating activity were recollected and the extracts subjected to a bioassay-guided isolation protocol to isolate and identify the active compounds. RESULTS Field interviews with 118 healers in 15 of 17 provinces of Lao PDR yielded 753 collections (573 species) with 955 plant samples. Of these 955, 50 extracts demonstrated activity in the anticancer, 10 in the anti-HIV, 30 in the anti-TB, and 52 in the antimalarial assay. Recollection of actives followed by bioassay-guided isolation processes yielded a series of new and known in vitro-active anticancer and antimalarial compounds from 5 species. DISCUSSION Laos has a rich biodiversity, harboring an estimated 8000-11,000 species of plants. In a country highly dependent on traditional medicine for its primary health care, this rich plant diversity serves as a major source of their medication. CONCLUSIONS Ethnobotanical survey has demonstrated the richness of plant-based traditional medicine of Lao PDR, taxonomically and therapeutically. Biological assays of extracts of half of the 955 samples followed by in-depth studies of a number of actives have yielded a series of new bioactive compounds against the diseases of cancer and malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Gyllenhaal C, Kadushin M, Southavong B, Sydara K, Bouamanivong S, Xaiveu M, Xuan L, Hiep N, Hung N, Loc P, Dac L, Bich T, Cuong N, Ly H, Zhang H, Franzblau S, Xie H, Riley M, Elkington B, Nguyen H, Waller D, Ma C, Tamez P, Tan G, Pezzuto J, Soejarto D. Ethnobotanical approach versus random approach in the search for new bioactive compounds: support of a hypothesis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:30-41. [PMID: 22196581 PMCID: PMC3533514 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.634424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whether natural product drug discovery programs should rely on wild plants collected "randomly" from the natural environment, or whether they should also include plants collected on the basis of use in traditional medicine remains an open question. OBJECTIVE This study analyzes whether plants with ethnomedical uses from Vietnam and Laos have a higher hit rate in bioassay testing than plants collected from a national park in Vietnam with the goal of maximizing taxonomic diversity ("random" collection). MATERIALS AND METHODS All plants were extracted and subjected to bioassay in the same laboratories. Results of assays of plant collections and plant parts (samples) were scored as active or inactive based on whether any extracts had a positive result in a bioassay. Contingency tables were analyzed using χ(2) statistics. RESULTS Random collections had a higher hit rate than ethnomedical collections, but for samples, ethnomedical plants were more likely to be active. Ethnomedical collections and samples had higher hit rates for tuberculosis, while samples, but not collections, had a higher hit rate for malaria. Little evidence was found to support an advantage for ethnomedical plants in HIV, chemoprevention and cancer bioassays. Plants whose ethnomedical uses directly correlated to a bioassay did not have a significantly higher hit rate than random plants. DISCUSSION Plants with ethnomedical uses generally had a higher rate of activity in some drug discovery bioassays, but the assays did not directly confirm specific uses. CONCLUSIONS Ethnomedical uses may contribute to a higher rate of activity in drug discovery screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Gyllenhaal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M.R. Kadushin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Botany Department, Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B. Southavong
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - K. Sydara
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - S. Bouamanivong
- National Herbarium of Laos, National Science Council, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - M. Xaiveu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - L.T. Xuan
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N.T. Hiep
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N.V. Hung
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - P.K. Loc
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - L.X. Dac
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - T.Q. Bich
- Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam
| | - N.M. Cuong
- Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam
| | - H.M. Ly
- National Institute of Health and Epidemics, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - H.J. Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S.G. Franzblau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H. Xie
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL, USA
| | - M.C. Riley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B.G. Elkington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H.T. Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D.P. Waller
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C.Y. Ma
- U.S. Pharmacopoeia, Twinbrook Parkway Rockville, MD, USA
| | - P. Tamez
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - G.T. Tan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - J.M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - D.D. Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Botany Department, Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA
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Truong NB, Pham CV, Doan HTM, Nguyen HV, Nguyen CM, Nguyen HT, Zhang HJ, Fong HHS, Franzblau SG, Soejarto DD, Chau MV. Antituberculosis cycloartane triterpenoids from Radermachera boniana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1318-22. [PMID: 21469696 PMCID: PMC3703769 DOI: 10.1021/np200022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new triterpenoids, bonianic acids A (1) and B (2) and 3-O-acetyluncaric acid (3), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Radermachera boniana, together with six known compounds, ursolic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), 3-epi-oleanolic acid (6), 3α-O-acetyl-α-boswellic acid (7), ergosterol peroxide (8), and β-sitostenone (9). Ergosterol peroxide (8) and bonianic acids A (1) and B (2) exhibited significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan B. Truong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong V. Pham
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong T. M. Doan
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung V. Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hiep T. Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hong-jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | - Harry H. S. Fong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | - Djaja D. Soejarto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | - Minh V. Chau
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Elkington BG, Southavong B, Sydara K, Souliya O, Vanthanouvong M, Nettavong K, Thammachack B, Pak DH, Riley MC, Franzblau SG, Soejarto DD. Biological evaluation of plants of Laos used in the treatment of tuberculosis in Lao traditional medicine. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2009; 47:26-33. [PMID: 21479105 PMCID: PMC3071617 DOI: 10.1080/13880200802398002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis has existed in Southeast Asia for thousands of years. Many traditional treatments involve herbal remedies. Over time, these traditional treatments have had the chance to become refined based on efficacy and safety. It was therefore hypothesized that plants that were used in the past and are still used today to treat symptoms associated with tuberculosis are more likely to contain anti-tubercular compounds than plants that have not been used continuously. To try to deduce which plants were used in Laos in the past, a collection of palm leaf manuscripts was studied and a list of plants used to treat symptoms associated with tuberculosis was compiled. Interviews were then conducted with contemporary healers to see if the same plants are still being used today. Plants that were found in the manuscripts and/or are presently used by healers were collected, extracted and were evaluated in an anti-tubercular assay. This paper presents the methods used to identify and collect plants used to treat symptoms indicative of tuberculosis, and the results of anti-TB assays to test for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Elkington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
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Ma CY, Musoke S, Tan G, Sydara K, Bouamanivong S, Southavong B, Soejarto D, Fong H, Zhang HJ. Study of Antimalarial Activity of Chemical Constituents fromDiospyros quaesita. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:2442-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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