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Liu J, Liu ZY, Fu Y, Gu YC, Li SW, Zhang HY, Guo YW. Anti-inflammatory Steroids from the South China Sea Sponge Spongia officinalis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400519. [PMID: 38576052 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
One new highly degraded steroid, namely 21-nor-4-ene-chaxine A (1) furnishing a 5/6/5-tricyclic, along with one known related analogue (2), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Spongia officinalis. Their structures including absolute configurations were established by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, TDDFT-ECD calculation, and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. Compound 1 represent the new member of incisterols family with a highly degradation in ring B. In vitro bioassays revealed compound 2 exhibited significant anti-microglial inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in BV-2 microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zi-Yi Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Song-Wei Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China
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2
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Garcia MR, Andrade PB, Lefranc F, Gomes NGM. Marine-Derived Leads as Anticancer Candidates by Disrupting Hypoxic Signaling through Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:143. [PMID: 38667760 PMCID: PMC11051506 DOI: 10.3390/md22040143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inadequate vascularization seen in fast-growing solid tumors gives rise to hypoxic areas, fostering specific changes in gene expression that bolster tumor cell survival and metastasis, ultimately leading to unfavorable clinical prognoses across different cancer types. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) emerge as druggable pivotal players orchestrating tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, thus positioning them as prime targets for cancer treatment. A range of HIF inhibitors, notably natural compounds originating from marine organisms, exhibit encouraging anticancer properties, underscoring their significance as promising therapeutic options. Bioprospection of the marine environment is now a well-settled approach to the discovery and development of anticancer agents that might have their medicinal chemistry developed into clinical candidates. However, despite the massive increase in the number of marine natural products classified as 'anticancer leads,' most of which correspond to general cytotoxic agents, and only a few have been characterized regarding their molecular targets and mechanisms of action. The current review presents a critical analysis of inhibitors of HIF-1 and HIF-2 and hypoxia-selective compounds that have been sourced from marine organisms and that might act as new chemotherapeutic candidates or serve as templates for the development of structurally similar derivatives with improved anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Garcia
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (P.B.A.)
- 1H-TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B. Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (P.B.A.)
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Nelson G. M. Gomes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (P.B.A.)
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3
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Kaliaperumal K, Salendra L, Liu Y, Ju Z, Sahu SK, Elumalai S, Subramanian K, M. Alotaibi N, Alshammari N, Saeed M, Karunakaran R. Isolation of anticancer bioactive secondary metabolites from the sponge-derived endophytic fungi Penicillium sp. and in-silico computational docking approach. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1216928. [PMID: 37849927 PMCID: PMC10577379 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fungus-derived secondary metabolites are fascinating with biomedical potential and chemical diversity. Mining endophytic fungi for drug candidates is an ongoing process in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Endophytic fungal symbionts from terrestrial plants, marine flora, and fauna tend to produce interesting types of secondary metabolites with biomedical importance of anticancer, antiviral, and anti-tuberculosis properties. Methods An organic ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium verruculosum sponge-derived endophytic fungi from Spongia officinalis yielded seven different secondary metabolites which are purified through HPLC. The isolated compounds are of averufin (1), aspergilol-A (2), sulochrin (3), monomethyl sulochrin (4), methyl emodin (5), citreorosein (6), and diorcinol (7). All the seven isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution NMR spectral studies. All isolated compounds', such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis, and antiviral, were subjected to bioactivity screening. Results Out of seven tested compounds, compound (1) exhibits strong anticancer activity toward myeloid leukemia. HL60 cell lines have an IC50 concentration of 1.00μm, which is nearly significant to that of the standard anticancer drug taxol. A virtual computational molecular docking approach of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin binds strongly with the protein target alpha, beta-tubulin (1JFF), with a -10.98 binding score. Consecutive OSIRIS and Lipinski ADME pharmacokinetic validation of averufin with HL60 antigens revealed that averufin has good pharmacokinetic properties such as drug score, solubility, and mutagenic nature. Furthermore, aspergilol-A (2) is the first report on the Penicillium verruculosum fungal strain. Discussion We concluded that averufin (1) isolated from Penicillium verruculosum can be taken for further preliminary clinical trials like animal model in-vivo studies and pharmacodynamic studies. A future prospect of in-vivo anticancer screening of averufin can be validated through the present experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- Unit of Biomaterials Division, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Limbadri Salendra
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Center for Marine Microbes, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiran Ju
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunil Kumar Sahu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sanniyasi Elumalai
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaran Subramanian
- Research Department of Microbiology, Sri Sankara Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nahaa M. Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Alshammari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohini Karunakaran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia
- Centre for Excellence for Biomaterials Science AIMST University, Semeling, Bedong, Malaysia
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Yu HB, Chen HY, Duan S, Zhu YP, Hu B, He Y, Cheng ST, Jiao BH, Liu XY. Bioactive Scalarane-Type Sesterterpenoids from Marine Sources. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200049. [PMID: 35393745 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Scalarane-type sesterterpenoids have received considerable attention in the scientific literature due to their diverse carbon skeletons and various biological activities and pharmacological properties. Among all these derivatives are commonly isolated from marine sponges and are occasionally derived from shell-less mollusks, such as nudibranchs. This review comprehensively discusses the marine-derived natural sources that give rise to these scalarane-type sesterterpenoids, providing the names, their chemical structures, biological properties, with emphasis on anticancer activity and literature references related to these metabolites. A critical summary of the 221 compounds generated from January 2010 up to December 2021 for their potential as anticancer agents is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Bing Yu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Song Duan
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Experimental Teaching Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Si-Tong Cheng
- WLSA Shanghai Academy, Shanghai, 2004333, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiao
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Naval Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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5
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Tai CJ, Ahmed AF, Chao CH, Yen CH, Hwang TL, Chang FR, Huang YM, Sheu JH. The Chemically Highly Diversified Metabolites from the Red Sea Marine Sponge Spongia sp. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040241. [PMID: 35447914 PMCID: PMC9028682 DOI: 10.3390/md20040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A polyoxygenated and halogenated labdane, spongianol (1); a polyoxygenated steroid, 3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-24S-ethylcholest-7-en-6-one (2); a rare seven-membered lactone B ring, (22E,24S)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α-diol-6,5-olide (3); and an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid, (Z)-3-methyl-9-oxodec-2-enoic acid (4) as well as five known compounds, 10-hydroxykahukuene B (5), pacifenol (6), dysidamide (7), 7,7,7-trichloro-3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,4-trichloro-3-methyl-1-oxobu-tylamino)-heptanoic acid methyl ester (8), and the primary metabolite 2’-deoxynucleoside thymidine (9), have been isolated from the Red Sea sponge Spongia sp. The stereoisomer of 3 was discovered in Ganoderma resinaceum, and metabolites 5 and 6, isolated previously from red algae, were characterized unprecedentedly in the sponge. Compounds 7 and 8 have not been found before in the genus Spongia. Compounds 1–9 were also assayed for cytotoxicity as well as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Atallah F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
| | - Yusheng M. Huang
- Department of Marine Recreation, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 880011, Taiwan;
- Tropical Island Sustainable Development Research Center, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Magong 880011, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-H.Y.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-525-2000 (ext. 5030); Fax: +886-7-525-5020
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6
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Lu Y, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hao H, Liang W, Liu J, Huang R. Marine unsaturated fatty acids: structures, bioactivities, biosynthesis and benefits. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35312-35327. [PMID: 35528072 PMCID: PMC9074775 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08119d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are an important category of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids with nutritional properties. These secondary metabolites have been obtained from multitudinous natural resources, including marine organisms. Because of the increasing numerous biological importance of these marine derived molecules, this review covers 147 marine originated UFAs reported from 1978 to 2018. The review will focus on the structural characterizations, biological properties, proposed biosynthetic processes, and healthy benefits mediated by gut microbiota of these marine naturally originated UFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448
| | - Yinning Chen
- Guangdong Polytechnic College 526100 Zhaoqing China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448
| | - Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Longgang No. 2 Vocational School Shenzhen 518104 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang 524023 China +86 7592388240
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China +86 20 8528 3448
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7
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Liang YQ, Liao XJ, Zhao BX, Xu SH. (+)- and (-)-Spongiterpene, a pair of new valerenane sesquiterpene enantiomers from the marine sponge Spongia Sp. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2178-2183. [PMID: 31537113 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1666384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(+)- and (-)-Spongiterpene [(+)-1 and (-)-1], a pair of new valerenane sesquiterpene enantiomers, along with four known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the marine sponge Spongia sp. The structures of (+)-1 and (-)-1 including absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculation and X-ray diffraction. Compounds (+)-1 and (-)-1 were the first examples of valerenane sesquiterpenes isolated from the marine sponges. The cytotoxic activities of (+)-1 and (-)-1 were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qian Liang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Liao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Xin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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8
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Pech-Puch D, Rodríguez J, Cautain B, Sandoval-Castro CA, Jiménez C. Cytotoxic Furanoditerpenes from the Sponge Spongia tubulifera Collected in the Mexican Caribbean. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070416. [PMID: 31315183 PMCID: PMC6669439 DOI: 10.3390/md17070416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new spongian furanoditerpenes, 3β-hydroxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-2-one (1) and 19-dehydroxy-spongian diterpene 17 (2), along with five known terpenes, the spongian furanoditerpenes 9-nor-3-hydroxyspongia-3,13(16),14-trien-2-one (3), 3β,19 dihydroxyspongia-13(16),14-dien-2-one (epispongiadiol) (4) and spongian diterpene 17 (5), the furanoditerpene ambliol C (6), and the sesterterpene scalarin (7), were isolated from the methanolic extract of the sponge Spongia tubulifera, collected in the Mexican Caribbean. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis, high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and comparison of their spectral data with those reported in the literature. Absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum with those calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Compounds 1, 4, and 6 displayed weak cytotoxic activity against different human tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawrin Pech-Puch
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Km. 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Apdo. Postal 4-116, Itzimná Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
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Genomic blueprints of sponge-prokaryote symbiosis are shared by low abundant and cultivatable Alphaproteobacteria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1999. [PMID: 30760820 PMCID: PMC6374434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are early-branching, filter-feeding metazoans that usually host complex microbiomes comprised of several, currently uncultivatable symbiotic lineages. Here, we use a low-carbon based strategy to cultivate low-abundance bacteria from Spongia officinalis. This approach favoured the growth of Alphaproteobacteria strains in the genera Anderseniella, Erythrobacter, Labrenzia, Loktanella, Ruegeria, Sphingorhabdus, Tateyamaria and Pseudovibrio, besides two likely new genera in the Rhodobacteraceae family. Mapping of complete genomes against the metagenomes of S. officinalis, seawater, and sediments confirmed the rare status of all the above-mentioned lineages in the marine realm. Remarkably, this community of low-abundance Alphaproteobacteria possesses several genomic attributes common to dominant, presently uncultivatable sponge symbionts, potentially contributing to host fitness through detoxification mechanisms (e.g. heavy metal and metabolic waste removal, degradation of aromatic compounds), provision of essential vitamins (e.g. B6 and B12 biosynthesis), nutritional exchange (especially regarding the processing of organic sulphur and nitrogen) and chemical defence (e.g. polyketide and terpenoid biosynthesis). None of the studied taxa displayed signs of genome reduction, indicative of obligate mutualism. Instead, versatile nutrient metabolisms along with motility, chemotaxis, and tight-adherence capacities - also known to confer environmental hardiness – were inferred, underlying dual host-associated and free-living life strategies adopted by these diverse sponge-associated Alphaproteobacteria.
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Sun DY, Han GY, Yang NN, Lan LF, Li XW, Guo YW. Racemic trinorsesquiterpenoids from the Beihai sponge Spongia officinalis: structure and biomimetic total synthesis. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01091e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two rare new furan butanolides, sponalisolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the Beihai sponge Spongia officinalis, and fully characterized by extensive spectroscopic analysis and biomimetic total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Guan-Ying Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou 121001
- China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Na-Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Le-Fu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Xu-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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11
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Karimi E, Ramos M, Gonçalves JMS, Xavier JR, Reis MP, Costa R. Comparative Metagenomics Reveals the Distinctive Adaptive Features of the Spongia officinalis Endosymbiotic Consortium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2499. [PMID: 29312205 PMCID: PMC5735121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge of sponge microbiome functioning derives mostly from comparative analyses with bacterioplankton communities. We employed a metagenomics-centered approach to unveil the distinct features of the Spongia officinalis endosymbiotic consortium in the context of its two primary environmental vicinities. Microbial metagenomic DNA samples (n = 10) from sponges, seawater, and sediments were subjected to Hiseq Illumina sequencing (c. 15 million 100 bp reads per sample). Totals of 10,272 InterPro (IPR) predicted protein entries and 784 rRNA gene operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% cut-off) were uncovered from all metagenomes. Despite the large divergence in microbial community assembly between the surveyed biotopes, the S. officinalis symbiotic community shared slightly greater similarity (p < 0.05), in terms of both taxonomy and function, to sediment than to seawater communities. The vast majority of the dominant S. officinalis symbionts (i.e., OTUs), representing several, so-far uncultivable lineages in diverse bacterial phyla, displayed higher residual abundances in sediments than in seawater. CRISPR-Cas proteins and restriction endonucleases presented much higher frequencies (accompanied by lower viral abundances) in sponges than in the environment. However, several genomic features sharply enriched in the sponge specimens, including eukaryotic-like repeat motifs (ankyrins, tetratricopeptides, WD-40, and leucine-rich repeats), and genes encoding for plasmids, sulfatases, polyketide synthases, type IV secretion proteins, and terpene/terpenoid synthases presented, to varying degrees, higher frequencies in sediments than in seawater. In contrast, much higher abundances of motility and chemotaxis genes were found in sediments and seawater than in sponges. Higher cell and surface densities, sponge cell shedding and particle uptake, and putative chemical signaling processes favoring symbiont persistence in particulate matrices all may act as mechanisms underlying the observed degrees of taxonomic connectivity and functional convergence between sponges and sediments. The reduced frequency of motility and chemotaxis genes in the sponge microbiome reinforces the notion of a prevalent mutualistic mode of living inside the host. This study highlights the S. officinalis “endosymbiome” as a distinct consortium of uncultured prokaryotes displaying a likely “sit-and-wait” strategy to nutrient foraging coupled to sophisticated anti-viral defenses, unique natural product biosynthesis, nutrient utilization and detoxification capacities, and both microbe–microbe and host–microbe gene transfer amenability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ramos
- Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Jorge M S Gonçalves
- Fisheries, Biodiversity and Conservation Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana R Xavier
- Department of Biology and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Deep Sea Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Margarida P Reis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Microbial Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.,Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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12
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Furanoterpene Diversity and Variability in the Marine Sponge Spongia officinalis, from Untargeted LC-MS/MS Metabolomic Profiling to Furanolactam Derivatives. Metabolites 2017; 7:metabo7020027. [PMID: 28608848 PMCID: PMC5487998 DOI: 10.3390/metabo7020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean marine sponge Spongia officinalis has been reported as a rich source of secondary metabolites and also as a bioindicator of water quality given its capacity to concentrate trace metals. In this study, we evaluated the chemical diversity within 30 S. officinalis samples collected over three years at two sites differentially impacted by anthropogenic pollutants located near Marseille (South of France). Untargeted liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomic profiling (C18 LC, ESI-Q-TOF MS) combined with XCMS Online data processing and multivariate statistical analysis revealed 297 peaks assigned to at least 86 compounds. The spatio-temporal metabolite variability was mainly attributed to variations in relative content of furanoterpene derivatives. This family was further characterized through LC–MS/MS analyses in positive and negative ion modes combined with molecular networking, together with a comprehensive NMR study of isolated representatives such as demethylfurospongin-4 and furospongin-1. The MS/MS and NMR spectroscopic data led to the identification of a new furanosesterterpene, furofficin (2), as well as two derivatives with a glycinyl lactam moiety, spongialactam A (12a) and B (12b). This study illustrates the potential of untargeted LC–MS metabolomics and molecular networking to discover new natural compounds even in an extensively studied organism such as S. officinalis. It also highlights the effect of anthropogenic pollution on the chemical profiles within the sponge.
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Li J, Gu BB, Sun F, Xu JR, Jiao WH, Yu HB, Han BN, Yang F, Zhang XC, Lin HW. Sesquiterpene Quinones/Hydroquinones from the Marine Sponge Spongia pertusa Esper. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:1436-1445. [PMID: 28398051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nine new sesquiterpene quinones/hydroquinones (1-7, 10, and 12), three solvent-generated artifacts (8, 9, and 11), and three known compounds, 5-epi-smenospongine (13), smenospongine (14), and smenospongiadine (15), were isolated from the marine sponge Spongia pertusa Esper. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparison between the calculated and experimental ECD spectra. In the cytotoxicity bioassay, compounds 13-15 exhibited activities against the human cancer cell lines U937, HeLa, and HepG2, with most potent cytotoxicities to U937 cells with IC50 values of 2.8, 1.5, and 0.6 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 6 displayed CDK-2 affinity with a Kd value of 4.8 μM in a surface plasmon resonance assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bin-Bin Gu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian-Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 20025, China
| | - Wei-Hua Jiao
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hao-Bing Yu
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bing-Nan Han
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xi-Chun Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical & Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hou-Wen Lin
- Research Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 200127, China
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14
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Draft Genome Sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. Strain Alg239_V18, an Actinobacterium Retrieved from the Marine Sponge
Spongia
sp. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/3/e01457-16. [PMID: 28104653 PMCID: PMC5255927 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01457-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the draft genome sequence of Microbacterium sp. strain Alg239_V18, an actinobacterium retrieved from the marine sponge Spongia sp. Genome annotation revealed a vast gene repertoire involved in antibiotic and heavy metal-resistance, and a versatile carbohydrate assimilation metabolism with potential for chitin utilization.
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Takada K, Imae Y, Ise Y, Ohtsuka S, Ito A, Okada S, Yoshida M, Matsunaga S. Yakushinamides, Polyoxygenated Fatty Acid Amides That Inhibit HDACs and SIRTs, from the Marine Sponge Theonella swinhoei. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2384-2390. [PMID: 27548648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Yakushinamides A (1) and B (2), prolyl amides of polyoxygenated fatty acids, have been isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei as inhibitors of HDACs and SIRTs. Their planar structures were determined by interpretation of the NMR data of the intact molecules and tandem FABMS data of the methanolysis products. For the assignment of the relative configurations of the three contiguous oxymethine carbons in 1 and 2, Kishi's universal NMR database was applied to the methanolysis products. During the assignments of relative configurations of the isolated 1-hydroxy-3-methyl moiety in 1 and the isolated 1-hydroxy-2-methyl moiety in 2, we found diagnostic NMR features to distinguish each pair of diastereomers. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by a combination of the modified Mosher's method and Marfey's method. Although the modified Mosher's method was successfully applied to the methanolysis product of 1, this method gave an ambiguous result at C-20 when applied to the methanolysis product of 2, even after oxidative cleavage of the C-14 and C-15 bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Imae
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuji Ise
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Nagoya University , Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohtsuka
- Takehara Marine Station, Hiroshima University , Takehara, Hiroshima 725-0024, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Chemical Genomics Reserach Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN , Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okada
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Chemical Genomics Reserach Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN , Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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16
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Máximo P, Ferreira LM, Branco P, Lima P, Lourenço A. The Role of Spongia sp. in the Discovery of Marine Lead Compounds. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E139. [PMID: 27455286 PMCID: PMC4999901 DOI: 10.3390/md14080139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive review on the chemistry of Spongia sp. is here presented, together with the biological activity of the isolated compounds. The compounds are grouped in sesquiterpene quinones, diterpenes, C21 and other linear furanoterpenes, sesterterpenes, sterols (including secosterols), macrolides and miscellaneous compounds. Among other reports we include studies on the intraspecific diversity of a Mediterranean species, compounds isolated from associated sponge and nudibranch and compounds isolated from S. zimocca and the red seaweed Laurentia microcladia. Under biological activity a table of the reported biological activities of the various compounds and the biological screening of extracts are described. The present review covers the literature from 1971 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Máximo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Luísa M Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Paula Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Lima
- Sea4Us-Biotecnologia de Recursos Marinhos, Ltd., 8650-378 Sagres, Portugal.
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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17
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Tan D, Xu M, Xu Z, Wu Y, You J. Several Enantiopure Chiral Building Blocks Derived fromD-Mannose and a Formal Synthesis of Dubiusamine C. CHINESE J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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New marine natural products from sponges (Porifera) of the order Dictyoceratida (2001 to 2012); a promising source for drug discovery, exploration and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:473-491. [PMID: 26802363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new drugs can no longer rely primarily on terrestrial resources, as they have been heavily exploited for over a century. During the last few decades marine sources, particularly sponges, have proven to be a most promising source of new natural products for drug discovery. This review considers the order Dictyoceratida in the Phylum Porifera from which the largest number of new marine natural products have been reported over the period 2001-2012. This paper examines all the sponges from the order Dictyoceratida that were reported as new compounds during the time period in a comprehensive manner. The distinctive physical characteristics and the geographical distribution of the different families are presented. The wide structural diversity of the compounds produced and the variety of biological activities they exhibited is highlighted. As a representative of sponges, insights into this order and avenues for future effective natural product discovery are presented. The research institutions associated with the various studies are also highlighted with the aim of facilitating collaborative relationships, as well as to acknowledge the major international contributors to the discovery of novel sponge metabolites. The order Dictyoceratida is a valuable source of novel chemical structures which will continue to contribute to a new era of drug discovery.
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19
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Tan DX, Xu ZJ, Chen HJ, Wu Y, You J. Synthesis and Configurations of (-)-Furospongin-1 and (+)-Dihydrofurospongin-2. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Wang B, Wang L, Li Y, Liu Y. Heterocyclic terpenes: linear furano- and pyrroloterpenoids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48040b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review of furano- and pyrroloterpenoids covers the literature, 180 articles in all, published from January 2006 to December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Shajing Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Lishu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yinglei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica/RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou, China
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21
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Homeopathic medicine for acute cough in upper respiratory tract infections and acute bronchitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 27:102-8. [PMID: 23714686 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cough is a frequent symptom associated to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and, although being self-limiting, it might deeply affect the quality of life. Homeopathic products are often employed by patients to treat cough, but the evidence on their efficacy is scarce. Thus, we tested the efficacy of a homeopathic syrup in treating cough arising from URTIs with a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial. Patients were treated with either the homeopathic syrup or a placebo for a week, and recorded cough severity in a diary by means of a verbal category-descriptive score for two weeks. Sputum viscosity was assessed with a viscosimeter before and after 4 days of treatment; patients were also asked to provide a subjective evaluation of viscosity. Eighty patients were randomized to receive placebo (n = 40) or the homeopathic syrup (n = 40). All patients completed the study. In each group cough scores decreased over time, however, after 4 and 7 days of treatment, cough severity was significantly lower in the homeopathic group than in the placebo one (p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). Sputum was collected from 53 patients: in both groups its viscosity significantly decreased after 4 days of treatment (p < 0.001); however, viscosity was significantly lower in the homeopathic group (p = 0.018). Instead, the subjective evaluation did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.059). No adverse events related to any treatment were reported. We concluded that the homeopathic syrup employed in the study was able to effectively reduce cough severity and sputum viscosity, thereby representing a valid remedy for the management of acute cough induced by URTIs.
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2011 for marine natural products, with 870 citations (558 for the period January to December 2011) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1152 for 2011), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Stowe SD, Richards JJ, Tucker AT, Thompson R, Melander C, Cavanagh J. Anti-biofilm compounds derived from marine sponges. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2010-2035. [PMID: 22073007 PMCID: PMC3210616 DOI: 10.3390/md9102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms that are protected by an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. In the biofilm state, bacteria are significantly more resistant to external assault, including attack by antibiotics. In their native environment, bacterial biofilms underpin costly biofouling that wreaks havoc on shipping, utilities, and offshore industry. Within a host environment, they are insensitive to antiseptics and basic host immune responses. It is estimated that up to 80% of all microbial infections are biofilm-based. Biofilm infections of indwelling medical devices are of particular concern, since once the device is colonized, infection is almost impossible to eliminate. Given the prominence of biofilms in infectious diseases, there is a notable effort towards developing small, synthetically available molecules that will modulate bacterial biofilm development and maintenance. Here, we highlight the development of small molecules that inhibit and/or disperse bacterial biofilms specifically through non-microbicidal mechanisms. Importantly, we discuss several sets of compounds derived from marine sponges that we are developing in our labs to address the persistent biofilm problem. We will discuss: discovery/synthesis of natural products and their analogues—including our marine sponge-derived compounds and initial adjuvant activity and toxicological screening of our novel anti-biofilm compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D. Stowe
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.S.); (A.T.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Justin J. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mails: (J.J.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Ashley T. Tucker
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.S.); (A.T.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Richele Thompson
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.S.); (A.T.T.); (R.T.)
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mails: (J.J.R.); (C.M.)
| | - John Cavanagh
- Department of Molecular & Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; E-Mails: (S.D.S.); (A.T.T.); (R.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-919-513-4349; Fax: +1-919-515-2047
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