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Liu F, Qiao X, Li Q, Zhou J, Gao J, He F, Wu P, Chen C, Sun W, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Aculeatiols A-G: Lovastatin Derivatives Extracted from Aspergillus aculeatus. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:753-763. [PMID: 38372239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated lovastatin derivatives, including aculeatiols A-G (1-7) and three known compounds (8-10), from Aspergillus aculeatus. Their structures and absolute configurations were experimentally determined by high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses, and the results were corroborated by quantum-chemical calculations. As members of the lovastatin derivatives, aculeatiols A-C (1-3) possess a γ-lactone functional group in the side chain. Compound 6 represents the first example that features an undescribed aromatized heterotetracyclic 6/6/6/6 ring system. Biologically, the lipid-lowering effects of all of these compounds were evaluated by analyzing the free fatty acid-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. In addition, compound 5, which regulated the transcription of genes associated with lipid uptake and synthesis, inhibited the accumulation of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Technical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Topgene Biotechnology Technical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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2
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Chen J, Zheng Q, Zheng Z, Li Y, Liao H, Zhao H, Guo D, Ma Y. Analysis of the differences in the chemical composition of monascus rice and highland barley monascus. Food Funct 2022; 13:7000-7019. [PMID: 35723016 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monascus rice (MR) and highland barley monascus (HBM), the monascus fermented products, are applied in food and medicine to reduce cholesterol and promote digestion. Due to the fermentation substrates, their compositions are different. However, the exact differences have not been reported to date. By UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, multiple components of twenty batches of MR and HBM samples were identified. In total, 100 components were confirmed (e.g., monacolins, pigments, decalin derivatives, amino acids). Then, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to filter the components of MR and HBM. In the PCA model, 88.1% of the total variance was uncovered. The OPLS-DA model showed better discrimination between MR and HBM, and the values of R2X, R2Y, and Q2 were 0.837, 0.996, and 0.956, respectively. Based on the value of the variable importance in projection (VIP) and the result of the t-test, 424 components (VIP > 1, p < 0.05) were acquired. Finally, 11 differential components were selected as the characteristic compounds to discriminate between MR and HBM: the content of 9 monacolins (3-hydroxy-3,5-dihydrodehydromonacolin K, monacolin K, dehydromonacolin K, dehydromonacolin J hydroxy acid, monacophenyl, dihydromonacolin J hydroxy acid, monacolin L, dehydromonacolin J, and monacolin R) in HBM was higher than the content in MR, but the content of 2 pigments (ankaflavin and monascin) was lower in HBM and higher in MR. The findings revealed the similarities and differences in the chemical composition between MR and HBM, which is expected to provide a basis for quality control of HBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenxing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yirou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- National United Engineering Research Center for Tibetan Plateau Microbiology, Tibet, China
| | - Dale Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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3
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Montenegro-Sustaita MM, Jiménez-Vázquez HA, Vargas-Díaz E, Herbert-Pucheta JE, Zepeda-Vallejo LG. Structural Analysis of the Michael-Michael Ring Closure (MIMIRC) Reaction Products. Molecules 2022; 27:2810. [PMID: 35566162 PMCID: PMC9104055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A representative number of decalin and hydrindane derivatives 2a-l were prepared in 11-91% yield by means of a cascade reaction of cyclohexanone/cyclopentanone enolates and methyl acrylate through a Michael-Michael ring closure (MIMIRC) process. The relative stereochemistry of the four stereogenic centers formed in all products was determined by analyzing the vicinal coupling constants from the 1H NMR and X-ray crystallography. Such a stereochemical outcome was corroborated by conformational analysis supported by DFT calculations and simulating the 1H NMR spectra of representative products. All products showed the same relative stereochemistry at C-1 and C-8a, while at C-3 and bridgehead carbon C-4a, configurational changes were observed. The present results provide some insights about the scope and limitations of the triple cascade reaction between cycloalkanone enolates with methyl acrylate. This synthetic protocol is still a simple and very practical alternative to generate decalin and hydrindane derivatives with great structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L. Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas., Alc. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (M.M.M.-S.); (H.A.J.-V.); (E.V.-D.); (J.E.H.-P.)
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4
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Chaudhary V, Katyal P, Poonia AK, Kaur J, Puniya AK, Panwar H. Natural pigment from Monascus: The production and therapeutic significance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:18-38. [PMID: 34569683 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present review highlights the advantages of using natural colorant over the synthetic one. We have discussed the fermentation parameters that can enhance the productivity of Monascus pigment on agricultural wastes. BACKGROUND Food industry is looking for natural colours because these can enhance the esthetic value, attractiveness, and acceptability of food while remaining nontoxic. Many synthetic food colours (Azorubine Carmoisine, quinoline) have been prohibited due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. Increasing consumer awareness towards the food safety has forced the manufacturing industries to look for suitable alternatives. In addition to safety, natural colorants have been found to have nutritional and therapeutic significance. Among the natural colorants, microbial pigments can be considered as a viable option because of scalability, easier production, no seasonal dependence, cheaper raw materials and easier extraction. Fungi such as Monascus have a long history of safety and therefore can be used for production of biopigments. METHOD The present review summarizes the predicted biosynthetic pathways and pigment gene clusters in Monascus purpureus. RESULTS The challenges faced during the pilot-scale production of Monascus biopigment and taming it by us of low-cost agro-industrial substrates for solid state fermentation has been suggested. CONCLUSION Keeping in mind, therapeutic properties of Monascus pigments and their derivatives, they have huge potential for industrial and pharmaceutical application. APPLICATION Though the natural pigments have wide scope in the food industry. However, stabilization of pigment is the greatest challenge and attempts are being made to overcome this by complexion with hydrocolloids or metals and by microencapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Priya Katyal
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Poonia
- Department of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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5
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Zhao B, Zhang Z, Li P, Miao T, Wang L. Synthesis of Spirolactones via a BF 3·Et 2O-Promoted Cascade Annulation of α-Keto Acids and 1,3-Enynes. Org Lett 2021; 23:5698-5702. [PMID: 34264080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel and effective method for the synthesis of spirolactones from readily available α-keto acids and 1,3-enynes is developed via a BF3·Et2O-promoted cascade annulation. This sequential process is conducted at room temperature, and it provides the functionalized spirolactones in good to excellent yield under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.,Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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6
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Chen C, Chen W, Tao H, Yang B, Zhou X, Luo X, Liu Y. Diversified Polyketides and Nitrogenous Compounds from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus
Penicillium steckii
SCSIO
41025. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Mei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510301 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei‐Hao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510301 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hua‐Ming Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
| | - Bin Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou Guangdong 511458 China
| | - Xue‐Feng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510301 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou Guangdong 511458 China
| | - Xiao‐Wei Luo
- Institute of Marine Drugs Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning Guangxi 530200 China
| | - Yong‐Hong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Guangdong 510301 China
- Institute of Marine Drugs Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning Guangxi 530200 China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou Guangdong 511458 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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7
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Guo Q, Lan WJ, Chen LP, Lam CK, Feng GK, Deng R, Zhu XF, Li HJ. Monalbidins A-E, Decalins with Potential Cytotoxic Activities from Marine Derived Fungus Monascus albidus BB3. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100068. [PMID: 33811740 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Five new decalins, monalbidins A-E (1, 2 and 7-9), together with 16 known compounds (3-6 and 10-21), were isolated from the AcOEt extract of marine derived fungus Monascus albidus BB3 cultured in GPY medium. Among the known compounds, 1-hydroxymonacolin L (11), dehydromonacolin J (15), 8-O-acetylmonacolin J (19) and O-acetylmonacolin K (21) were separated from natural sources for the first time. Their structures were determined by comprehensive analysis on the 1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, UV and IR data, and their absolute configurations were assigned by experimental and calculated ECD data, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. Monalbidins C and D (7 and 8), monacolin K methyl ester (13), dehydromonacolin L (14), dehydromonacolin K (16), monacolin K (20) and O-acetylmonacolin K (21) showed moderate cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines SUNE1, HepG2, QGY7701, HCT116 and MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Ping Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chi-Keung Lam
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Gong-Kan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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8
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Zhu B, Qi F, Wu J, Yin G, Hua J, Zhang Q, Qin L. Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1449. [PMID: 31849687 PMCID: PMC6901015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR), a Chinese traditional folk medicine produced by the fermentation of cooked rice kernels with a Monascaceae mold, Monascus purpureus, has long been used to treat blood circulation stasis, indigestion, diarrhea, and limb weakness in East Asian countries. This article provides a systematic review of the traditional uses, chemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of RYR to highlight its future prospects in the field of medicine. The literature reviewed for this article was obtained from the Web of Science, Elsevier, SciFinder, PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, published prior to July 2019. More than 101 chemical constituents have been isolated from RYR, mainly consisting of monacolins, pigments, organic acids, sterols, decalin derivatives, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and other compounds. Crude extracts of RYR, as well as its isolated compounds, possess broad pharmacological properties with hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer, neurocytoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-fatigue, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive activities. However, further studies are needed to characterize its diverse chemical constituents and the toxicological actions of the main bioactive compounds. New pharmacological trials addressing the overlooked traditional uses of RYR, such as in the treatment of indigestion and diarrhea, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Twin-Horse Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Hua
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Zheng X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Alkylenecyclo‐butanols with Alkynes and (
E
)‐2‐Nitroethenylbenzene through C(sp
2
)—C(sp
3
) Bond Cleavage. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
| | - Guozhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 China
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10
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Patel S. Functional food red yeast rice (RYR) for metabolic syndrome amelioration: a review on pros and cons. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:87. [PMID: 27038957 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR), the fermentation product of mold Monascus purpureus has been an integral part of Oriental food and traditional Chinese medicine, long before the discovery of their medicinal roles. With the identification of bioactive components as polyketide pigments (statins), and unsaturated fatty acids, RYR has gained a nutraceutical status. Hypercholesterolemic effect of this fermented compound has been validated and monacolin K has been recognized as the pivotal component in cholesterol alleviation. Functional similarity with commercial drug lovastatin sans the side effects has catapulted its popularity in other parts of the world as well. Apart from the hypotensive role, ameliorative benefits of RYR as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer and osteogenic agent have emerged, fueling intense research on it. Mechanistic studies have revealed their interaction with functional agents like coenzyme Q10, astaxanthin, vitamin D, folic acid, policosanol, and berberine. On the other hand, concurrence of mycotoxin citrinin and variable content of statin has marred its integration in mainstream medication. In this disputable scenario, evaluation of the scopes and lacunae to overcome seems to contribute to an eminent area of healthcare. Red yeast rice (RYR), the rice-based fermentation product of mold Monascus purpureus is a functional food. Its bioactive component monacolin K acts like synthetic drug lovastatin, without the severe side effects of the latter. RYR has been validated to lower cholesterol, control high blood pressure; confer anti-flammation, hypoglycaemic, anticancer and osteogenic properties. However, dose inconsistency and co-occurrence of toxin citrinin hampers its dietary supplementation prospect. Further research might facilitate development of RYR as a nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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11
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Cicero AFG, Morbini M, Parini A, Urso R, Rosticci M, Grandi E, Borghi C. Effect of red yeast rice combined with antioxidants on lipid pattern, hs-CRP level, and endothelial function in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2016; 12:281-6. [PMID: 26966368 PMCID: PMC4770063 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s91817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to test, through a crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, if a short-term treatment with 10 mg monacolins combined with antioxidants could improve lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and endothelial function in a small cohort of moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Thus, 25 healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects were consecutively enrolled and, after 4 weeks of stabilization diet, were randomized to the sequence placebo followed by a washout, monacolins or monacolins followed by a washout, placebo, with each period being 4 weeks long. At each study step, a complete lipid pattern, safety parameters, hs-CRP, and endothelial function have been measured. When compared to the placebo phase, during monacolin treatment, patients experienced a more favorable percentage change in total cholesterol (TC) (TC after monacolin treatment, −18.35%; TC after placebo treatment, −5.39%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (LDL after monacolin treatment, −22.36%; LDL after placebo treatment, −1.38%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (non-HDL after monacolin treatment, −22.83%; non-HDL after placebo treatment: −7.15%), hs-CRP (hs-CRP after monacolin treatment: −2.33%; hs-CRP after placebo treatment, 2.11%), and endothelial function (pulse volume displacement after monacolin treatment, 18.59%; pulse volume displacement after placebo treatment, −6.69%). No significant difference was observed with regard to triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and safety parameters. On the basis of our data, we could demonstrate that a 10 mg monacolin nutraceutical treatment appears to safely reduce cholesterolemia, hs-CRP, and markers of vascular remodeling in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. These results need to be confirmed in larger patient samples and in studies with longer duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martino Morbini
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Parini
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urso
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Li G, Kusari S, Spiteller M. Natural products containing 'decalin' motif in microorganisms. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 31:1175-201. [PMID: 24984916 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are well-known producers of a wide variety of bioactive compounds that are utilized not only for their primary metabolism but also for other purposes such as defense, detoxification, or communication with other micro- and macro-organisms. Natural products containing a 'decalin ring' occur often in microorganisms. They exhibit diverse and remarkable biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer and immunosuppressive activities, to name a few. This review surveys the natural decalin-type compounds that have been isolated from microorganisms, with emphasis on both chemical and biological implications. Total syntheses of some important decalin moiety-containing natural products are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str.6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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Cicero AF, Derosa G, Parini A, Maffioli P, D’Addato S, Reggi A, Giovannini M, Borghi C. Red yeast rice improves lipid pattern, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and vascular remodeling parameters in moderately hypercholesterolemic Italian subjects. Nutr Res 2013; 33:622-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Zhu L, Han QB, Ho A, Hsiao WL, Jiang ZH. Characterization and simultaneous determination of immunosuppressive decalins in red yeast rice by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1303:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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