1
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Dong Q, Yang YH, Lv XJ, Liu JH, Liu YK. Synthesis of 2,3-Dialkyl-5-hydroxybenzofurans via a One-pot, Three-step Reaction Sequence of 2-Monosubstituted 1,3-Diketones and 1,4-Benzoquinones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7138-7147. [PMID: 38695505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
An economical one-pot, three-step reaction sequence of readily available 2-monosubstituted 1,3-diketones and 1,4-benzoquinones has been explored for the facile access of 2,3-dialkyl-5-hydroxybenzofurans. By using cheap K2CO3 and conc. HCl as the reaction promoters, the reaction occurs smoothly via sequential Michael addition, aromatization, retro-Claisen, deacylation, hemiketalization, and dehydration processes under mild conditions in a practical manner. Additionally, an interesting phenomenon was observed during the derivatization studies, where the dihydroquinoline was converted into tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline products, respectively, via a disproportionation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Huan Yang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Lv
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan-Kai Liu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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2
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Chen M, Li Z, Sun G, Jin S, Hao X, Zhang C, Liu L, Zhang L, Liu H. Theoretical study on the free radical scavenging potency and mechanism of natural coumestans: Roles of substituent, noncovalent interaction and solvent. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 207:113580. [PMID: 36587886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The free radical scavenging potency and mechanisms of seven representative natural coumestans were systematically evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) approach. Thermodynamic feasibility of different mechanisms was assessed by various physio-chemical descriptors involved in the double (2H+/2e‒) radical-trapping processes. Energy diagram and related transition state structures of the reaction between wedelolactone (WEL) and hydroperoxyl radical were constructed to further uncover the radical-trapping details. Results showed that the studied coumestans prefer to scavenge radicals via formal hydrogen atom transfer (fHAT) mechanism in the gas phase and non-polar environment, whereas sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) is favored in polar media. Moreover, the feasibility of second fHAT and SPLET processes was also revealed. Sequential double proton loss double electron transfer (SdPLdET) mechanism represents the preferred pathway in aqueous solution at physiological pH. Our findings highlight the essential role of ortho-dihydroxyl group, noncovalent interaction and solvents on radical-trapping potency. 4'-OH in D-ring was found to be the most favorable site to trap radical for most of the studied coumestans, whereas 3-OH in A-ring for lucernol (LUN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Shuang Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Xiyue Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, China.
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3
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A coumestan and a coumaronochromone from Millettia lasiantha. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Tu Y, Yang Y, Li Y, He C. Naturally occurring coumestans from plants, their biological activities and therapeutic effects on human diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105615. [PMID: 33872808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring coumestans are known as a collection of plant-derived polycyclic aromatic secondary metabolites which are characterized by the presence of an oxygen heterocyclic four-ring system comprising a coumarin moiety and a benzofuran moiety sharing a C˭C bond. Recently, there is an increasing attention in excavating the medicinal potential of coumestans, particularly coumestrol, wedelolactone, psoralidin and glycyrol, in a variety of diseases. This review is a comprehensive inventory of the chemical structures of coumestans isolated from various plant sources during the period of 1956-2020, together with their reported biological activities. 120 molecules were collected and further classified as coumestans containing core skeleton, dimethylpyranocoumestans, furanocoumestans, O-glycosylated coumestans and others, which showed a wide range of pharmacological activities including estrogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoporotic, organ protective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, antioxidant and skin-protective activities. Furthermore, this review focuses on the counteraction of coumestans against bone diseases and organ damages, and the involved molecular mechanisms, which could provide important information to better understand the medicinal values of these compounds. This review is intended to be instructive for the rational design and development of less toxic and more effective drugs with a coumestan scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China.
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5
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A New Arylbenzofuran Derivative from Mentha canadensis. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Tu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Tan L, Han B, Zhang Q, Li Y, He C. Isolation and Identification of Antiarthritic Constituents from Glycine tabacina and Network Pharmacology-Based Prediction of Their Protective Mechanisms against Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10664-10677. [PMID: 32530618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth is an edible medicinal herb for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment in folk medicine. Current phytochemical research on this dried herb led to the isolation of eight new coumestans, named glytabastan A-H (1-8), and twenty-three known compounds 9-31. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The antiarthritic activities of all isolates were evaluated, and the results showed that coumestans 1-6 and 8-10 could inhibit arthritic inflammation in vitro, while coumestans 1, 2, 9, and 10 significantly blocked the osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF) κB ligand (RANKL). Moreover, network pharmacological analysis revealed that the anti-RA effect of G. tabacina involved multitargets, multipathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, and various biological processes such as inflammatory response and cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. These results suggested that this species and its novel coumestans could serve as potential antiarthritic agents for functional food or medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Xuejing Jia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
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7
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Li X, Wang T, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Lin J, Zhao Z, Chen D. Effect and mechanism of wedelolactone as antioxidant-coumestan on OH-treated mesenchymal stem cells. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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8
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Thuy NTT, Lee JE, Yoo HM, Cho N. Antiproliferative Pterocarpans and Coumestans from Lespedeza bicolor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3025-3032. [PMID: 31675225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic purification of a methanol extract of the roots of Lespedeza bicolor led to the isolation of four new pterocarpans (1-4), two new coumestans (6 and 7), two new arylbenzofurans (8 and 9), and the known pterocarpan 1-methoxyerythrabyssin II (5). Their structures were identified using NMR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity assays showed that compounds 1-9 exerted antiproliferative effects on blood cancer cells. Of these compounds, 1 and 6 induced mitochondrial depolarization and induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. These compounds promoted cell death by inducing cell-cycle arrest at the G1 stage, reducing levels of BCL2, and increasing cleavage of PARP-1. These findings indicate that 1 and 6 are possible lead compounds for the treatment of human leukemia cells via intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joo-Eun Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis , Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) , Daejeon 34113 , Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy , Chonnam National University , Gwangju 61186 , Korea
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9
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Liu ZQ. Anti-Oxidant in China: A Thirty-Year Journey. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1005-1024. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-oxidant refers to such a kind of endogenous or exogenous compound that is able to retard or even prohibit in vivo or in vitro oxidation with only small amount being used. The study of anti-oxidants starts nearly 30 years ago, and the research on this topic in China almost begins simultaneously with that in the world. Gratifyingly, contributions on anti-oxidants from China researchers have rapidly increased in the recent decade as anti-oxidants have become a hot topic in biochemistry, pharmacology, food science, chemistry as well as other related disciplines. Anti-oxidants provide a specific viewpoint for clarifying pharmacological effects of Chinese medicinal herbs. For example, as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is found to be a natural anti-oxidant resource. Meanwhile, some signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1) are regarded to play an important role in anti-oxidant responses. These findings provide a substantial basis for understanding the pharmacological behaviors of Chinese medicinal herbs in view of regulating the aforementioned signaling pathways. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by supplementation of anti-oxidant becomes a popularly accepted idea in keeping health and treating diseases. Isolations of antio-xidative ingredients from medicinal herbs and foods lead to set up a large range of anti-oxidative compound libraries, and intake of anti-oxidants from foods may be the most efficient way for supplementing exogenous anti-oxidants. On the other hand, designing anti-oxidants with novel structures motivates organic and medicinal chemists to explore the structure–activity relationship, and then, to find novel structural features with anti-oxidative properties. Therefore, it is reasonable to believe that China researchers will donate more endeavors to obtain more achievements on anti-oxidants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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10
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Song X, Luo X, Sheng J, Li J, Zhu Z, Du Z, Miao H, Yan M, Li M, Zou Y. Copper-catalyzed intramolecular cross dehydrogenative coupling approach to coumestans from 2'-hydroxyl-3-arylcoumarins. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17391-17398. [PMID: 35519854 PMCID: PMC9064580 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01909j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed intramolecular cross dehydrogenative C-O coupling reaction of 2'-hydroxyl-3-arylcoumarins was developed. This protocol provided a facile and efficient strategy for the construction of natural coumestans and derivatives in moderate to high yields. This transformation exhibited good functional group compatibility and was amenable to substrates with free phenolic hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianheng Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Jianheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Zefeng Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Du
- Zhongshan WanHan Pharmceutical Co., Ltd Zhongshan 528451 P. R. China
| | - Hui Miao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Meng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Mingkang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- Zhongshan WanHan Pharmceutical Co., Ltd Zhongshan 528451 P. R. China
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11
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Cui HL, Deng HQ, Lei JJ. Metal-free one-pot synthesis of benzofurans with ynones and quinones through aza-Michael/Michael/annulation sequence. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Tang Y, Jiang C, Zhang X, Liu C, Lin J, Wang Y, Du C, Peng X, Li W, Liu Y, Cheng M. Collective Syntheses of 2-(3-Methylbenzofuran-2-yl)phenol-Derived Natural Products by a Cascade [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement/Aromatization Strategy. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11102-11109. [PMID: 28944672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A cascade [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement/aromatization strategy to the synthesis of 2-(3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl)phenol derivatives was developed and applied to the collective syntheses of seven 2-arylbenzofuran-containing natural products, namely glycybenzofuran, glycyuralin E, lespedezol A1, puerariafuran, 7,2',4'-trihydroxy-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid, coumestrol, and 4'-O-methylcoumestrol. Among them, the total syntheses of glycybenzofuran, glycyuralin E, puerariafuran, 7,2',4'-trihydroxy-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid, and 4'-O-methylcoumestrol were reported for the first time. The practicality of this novel strategy in preparation of the key intermediates was demonstrated by performing the reaction on gram scale and by synthesizing a series of natural products with 2-(3-methylbenzofuran-2-yl)phenol scaffolds in a common strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Chongguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Xinhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jingsheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yanshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University , Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China.,Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education , Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.,Institute of Drug Research in Medicine Capital of China , Benxi 117000, P. R. China
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13
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Bayat A, Fattahi A. The free radical scavenging activity of lespedezacoumestan toward ˙OH radical: A quantum chemical and computational kinetics study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bayat
- Department of Chemistry; Sharif University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Alireza Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry; Sharif University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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14
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Ichake SS, Konala A, Kavala V, Kuo CW, Yao CF. Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem C–H Functionalization/Cyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxybenzofuran Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 19:54-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Ichake
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ashok Konala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Veerababurao Kavala
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Wei Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Section 4, Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Chand K, Rajeshwari, Hiremathad A, Singh M, Santos MA, Keri RS. A review on antioxidant potential of bioactive heterocycle benzofuran: Natural and synthetic derivatives. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 69:281-295. [PMID: 28171830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. In this context, oxygen heterocycles exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities due in part to the similarities with many natural and synthetic molecules with known biological activity. Among oxygen containing heterocycles, benzofuran (synthetic and natural isolated) and its derivatives have attracted medicinal chemists and pharmacologists due to their pronounced biological activities and their potential applications as pharmacological agents such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiplatelet, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant properties. There are also an amazing number of approved benzofuran-containing drugs in the market as well as compounds currently going through different clinical phases or registration statuses. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzofurans, their structure activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules in numerous disease conditions. Recently, this scaffold has emerged as a pharmacophore of choice for designing antioxidant drug development as their derivatives have shown excellent results through different mechanism of action. This review focused on the recent development of benzofuran derivatives as antioxidant agents (including natural products) and their antioxidant activities; summarize the structure property, hoping to inspire new and even more creative approaches. Also, this study systematically provides a comprehensive report on current developments in benzofuran-based compounds as antioxidant agents and is also helpful for the researchers working on a substitution pattern around the nucleus, with an aim to help medicinal chemists to develop structure activity relationships (SAR) on these derivatives as antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Chand
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Rajeshwari
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahak Singh
- Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Vaccine Formulation and Research Centre, Hinjwadi, Pune, India
| | - M Amelia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rangappa S Keri
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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16
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Neog K, Borah A, Gogoi P. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation/C–C and C–O Bond Formation Reaction Cascade: Direct Synthesis of Coumestans. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11971-11977. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashmiri Neog
- Applied Organic Chemistry
Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Ashwini Borah
- Applied Organic Chemistry
Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam Jorhat 785006, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry
Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Assam Jorhat 785006, India
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Sheng J, Xu T, Zhang E, Zhang X, Wei W, Zou Y. Synthesis of Coumestrol and Aureol. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2749-2753. [PMID: 27704859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total synthesis of coumestrol (1) and aureol (2) is described. The Perkin condensation of 2-bromo-4-hydroxylphenylacetic acid (6) and o-hydroxybenzaldehydes (7) gave the corresponding 2'-bromo-3-arylcoumarins (9). A copper-catalyzed consecutive hydroxylation and aerobic oxidative coupling of 9 under microwave conditions facilitated the total synthesis of 1 and 2, respectively, with spectroscopic data highly similar to those of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Zhongshan WanYuan New Drug R&D Co., Ltd. , Zhongshan City, 528451, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
- Zhongshan WanYuan New Drug R&D Co., Ltd. , Zhongshan City, 528451, People's Republic of China
| | - Ensheng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou, 510650, People's Republic of China
- Zhongshan WanYuan New Drug R&D Co., Ltd. , Zhongshan City, 528451, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Zhongshan WanYuan New Drug R&D Co., Ltd. , Zhongshan City, 528451, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Zhongshan WanYuan New Drug R&D Co., Ltd. , Zhongshan City, 528451, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Zhongshan WanYuan New Drug R&D Co., Ltd. , Zhongshan City, 528451, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yun SR, Jun JG. Diversity Oriented Synthesis of Natural 2-Arylbenzofuran, Moracin F. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry; Hallym University; Chuncheon 24252 Korea
| | - Jong-Gab Jun
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Applied Chemistry; Hallym University; Chuncheon 24252 Korea
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Xu T, Zhang E, Wang D, Wang Y, Zou Y. Cu-Catalyzed Consecutive Hydroxylation and Aerobic Oxidative Cycloetherification under Microwave Conditions: Entry to 2-Arylbenzofuran-3-carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4313-24. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Xu
- Guangzhou
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ensheng Zhang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Dejian Wang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan Wang
- New
Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zou
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sun University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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21
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Xi GL, Liu ZQ. Coumestan inhibits radical-induced oxidation of DNA: is hydroxyl a necessary functional group? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5636-5642. [PMID: 24911109 DOI: 10.1021/jf500013v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coumestan is a natural tetracycle with a C═C bond shared by a coumarin moiety and a benzofuran moiety. In addition to the function of the hydroxyl group on the antioxidant activity of coumestan, it is worth exploring the influence of the oxygen-abundant scaffold on the antioxidant activity as well. In this work, seven coumestans containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups were synthesized to evaluate the abilities to trap 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS(•+)), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and galvinoxyl radical, respectively, and to inhibit the oxidations of DNA mediated by (•)OH, Cu(2+)/glutathione (GSH), and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH), respectively. It was found that all of the coumestans used herein can quench the aforementioned radicals and can inhibit (•)OH-, Cu(2+)/GSH-, and AAPH-induced oxidations of DNA. In particular, substituent-free coumestan exhibits higher ability to quench DPPH and to inhibit AAPH-induced oxidation of DNA than Trolox. In addition, nonsubstituted coumestan shows a similar ability to inhibit (•)OH- and Cu(2+)/GSH-induced oxidations of DNA relative to that of Trolox. The antioxidant effectiveness of the coumestan can be attributed to the lactone in the coumarin moiety and, therefore, a hydroxyl group may not be a necessary functional group for coumestan to be an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Xi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130021, China
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23
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Rivière C, Pawlus AD, Mérillon JM. Natural stilbenoids: distribution in the plant kingdom and chemotaxonomic interest in Vitaceae. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 29:1317-33. [PMID: 23014926 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20049j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stilbenoids, a family of polyphenols known for the complexity of their structure and for their diverse biological activities, occur with a limited but heterogeneous distribution in the plant kingdom. The most prominent stilbene containing plant family, the Vitaceae, represented by the famous wine producing grape vines Vitis vinifera L., is one of the richest sources of novel stilbenes currently known, together with other families, such as Dipterocarpaceae, Gnetaceae and Fabaceae. This review focuses on the distribution of stilbenes and 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives in the plant kingdom, the chemical structure of stilbenes in the Vitaceae family and their taxonomic implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Rivière
- Université de Bordeaux, Groupe d'Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique (GESVAB), EA 3675, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, CS 50008, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
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Shachan-Tov S, Frimer AA. Novel and Convenient Synthesis of Benzofurans from Dihydrocoumarins. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tao WW, Duan JA, Yang NY, Tang YP, Liu MZ, Qian YF. Antithrombotic phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Fitoterapia 2011; 83:422-5. [PMID: 22197642 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A new coumestan, named glycyrurol, and nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis and literature data, and anticoagulative assay found significant antithrombotic activity of compounds 4, 8 and 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Tao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Zhang DW, Yang Y, Yao F, Yu QY, Dai SJ. Solalyratins A and B, new anti-inflammatory metabolites from Solanum lyratum. J Nat Med 2011; 66:362-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li MJ, Zhang LM, Liu WX, Lu WC. DFT Study on Molecular Structures and ROS Scavenging Mechanisms of Novel Antioxidants fromLespedeza Virgata. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/24/02/173-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Hu ZF, Chen LL, Qi J, Wang YH, Zhang H, Yu BY. Two new benzofuran derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity from Liriope spicata var. prolifera. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:190-2. [PMID: 20837110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Fang Hu
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Road, Nanjing 211198, PR China
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Park HY, Kim GB, Kwon YS. Two new dihydrofuranoisoflavanones from the leaves of Lespedeza maximowiczi and their inhibitory effect on the formation of advanced glycation end products. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:1159-63. [PMID: 20803117 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Two new dihydrofuranoisoflavanones, 2',4',5-trihydroxy-[5''-(1,2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano(2'',3'':7,8)]-(3S)-isoflavanone (1) and 2', 4', 5-trihydroxy-[5''-(1,2-dihydroxy-1-methylethyl)-dihydrofurano(2'',3'':7,8)]-(3R)-isoflavanone (2) as well as one already-known compound, (+)-catechin (3), were isolated from an n-BuOH soluble fraction from the leaves of Lespedeza maximowiczi. Spectroscopic data was used to elucidate the structures of compounds 1 and 2. All of the isolates were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity on the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Among these, compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibited inhibitory activity against AGEs formation with IC(50) values of 20.6, 18.4, and 5.6 microM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
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33
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Liu Y, Wang M, Yuan H, Liu Q. Copper(II) Bromide/Boron Trifluoride Etherate-Cocatalyzed Cyclization of Ketene Dithioacetals and p-Quinones: a Mild and General Approach to Polyfunctionalized Benzofurans. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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35
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YE Y, LI XQ, TANG CP. Natural Products Chemistry Research 2008's Progress in China. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(10)60008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Recent advances in the synthesis of (hetero)aryl-substituted heteroarenes via transition metal-catalysed direct (hetero)arylation of heteroarene C–H bonds with aryl halides or pseudohalides, diaryliodonium salts, and potassium aryltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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James CA, Coelho AL, Gevaert M, Forgione P, Snieckus V. Combined directed ortho and remote metalation-Suzuki cross-coupling strategies. Efficient synthesis of heteroaryl-fused benzopyranones from biaryl O-carbamates. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4094-103. [PMID: 19441801 DOI: 10.1021/jo900146d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of heteroaryl dibenzopyranones 9a,b, 10a,b, 11a-c, and 12a-c has been achieved by the LDA-induced migration of heterobiaryl O-carbamates 18, 21, 25, and 30 which, in turn, were prepared in good yield using a combined directed ortho lithiation (DoM)-transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling strategy. An efficient and general route to a wide variety of heterocycles including coumestans 19a,c and the previously unknown isothiocoumestan ring system 22b has been thereby achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint A James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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38
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Nchancho K, Kouam J, Tane P, Kuete V, Watchueng J, Fomum ZT. Coumestan Glycosides from the Stem Bark of Cylicodiscus Gabunensis. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new coumestan glycosides, coumestoside C (1) and coumestoside D (2), were isolated from the stem bark of Cylicodiscus gabunensis Harms. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means and chemical transformations as 9- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-4-(5′-hydroxy-3′-methylbut-2′ E-enyl) coumestan (1) and 9- O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-3- O- prenyl-4-hydroxycoumestan. Coumestoside C exhibited antimicrobial activity against Proteus vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazie Nchancho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Jacques Kouam
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Cameroon
| | - Pierre Tane
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, PO Box 67, Cameroon
| | - Jean Watchueng
- Institut de recherche en Biotechnologie de Montréal, 6100 Avenue Royalmount, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Zacharias T. Fomum
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box 812, Cameroon
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Abstract
Natural stilbenes have been a hot research topic due to their intricate structures and diverse biological activities. Although their molecular backbone consists only of 1,2-diphenylethylene units, stilbenes show an enormous diversity with regard to the different units present, the degree of polymerisation, and the pattern of oligomer construction. From January 1995 to the end of 2008, more than 400 new naturally occurring stilbenes were isolated and identified, and this review focuses on their structural diversity, distribution, and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
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Jung ME, Perez F. Synthesis of 2-substituted 7-hydroxybenzofuran-4-carboxylates via addition of silyl enol ethers to o-benzoquinone esters. Org Lett 2009; 11:2165-7. [PMID: 19371072 PMCID: PMC2784895 DOI: 10.1021/ol900416x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mukaiyama Michael addition of silyl enol ethers 13 to the 1,2-quinone-4-carboxylate 6 (formed in situ by oxidation of the catechol ester 8) afforded the 2-subsituted 7-hydroxybenzofuran-4-carboxylates 14 in fair to good yields. Alkyl and aryl systems work well, but highly electron-rich silyl enol ethers could not be used because of competing oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Hou XL, Yang Z, Yeung KS, Wong HN. Chapter 5.3: Five-Membered Ring Systems: Furans and Benzofurans. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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