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Guo L, Xi B, Lu L. Strategies to enhance production of metabolites in microbial co-culture systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131049. [PMID: 38942211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that microbial synthesis plays an important role in producing high value-added products. However, microbial monoculture generally hampers metabolites production and limits scalability due to the increased metabolic burden on the host strain. In contrast, co-culture is a more flexible approach to improve the environmental adaptability and reduce the overall metabolic burden. The well-defined co-culturing microbial consortia can tap their metabolic potential to obtain yet-to-be discovered and pre-existing metabolites. This review focuses on the use of a co-culture strategy and its underlying mechanisms to enhance the production of products. Notably, the significance of comprehending the microbial interactions, diverse communication modes, genetic information, and modular co-culture involved in co-culture systems were highlighted. Furthermore, it addresses the current challenges and outlines potential future directions for microbial co-culture. This review provides better understanding the diversity and complexity of the interesting interaction and communication to advance the development of co-culture techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Guo
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Liushen Lu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Feng L, Hemu X, Tan NH, Wang Z. OSMAC Strategy: A promising way to explore microbial cyclic peptides. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116175. [PMID: 38377824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites are pivotal for the development of novel drugs. However, conventional culture techniques, have left a vast array of unexpressed biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in microorganisms, hindering the discovery of metabolites with distinct structural features and diverse biological functions. To address this limitation, several innovative strategies have been emerged. The "One Strain Many Compounds" (OSMAC) strategy, which involves altering microbial culture conditions, has proven to be particularly effective in mining numerous novel secondary metabolites for the past few years. Among these, microbial cyclic peptides stand out. These peptides often comprise rare amino acids, unique chemical structures, and remarkable biological function. With the advancement of the OSMAC strategy, a plethora of new cyclic peptides have been identified from diverse microbial genera. This work reviews the progress in mining novel compounds using the OSMAC strategy and the applications of this strategy in discovering 284 microbial cyclic peptides from 63 endophytic strains, aiming to offer insights for the further explorations into novel active cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Li Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xinya Hemu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ning-Hua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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3
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Giurini EF, Godla A, Gupta KH. Redefining bioactive small molecules from microbial metabolites as revolutionary anticancer agents. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:187-206. [PMID: 38200347 PMCID: PMC10874892 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge due to issues such as acquired resistance to conventional therapies and the occurrence of adverse treatment-related toxicities. In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the microbial world in search of novel and effective drugs to combat this devastating disease. Microbial derived secondary metabolites have proven to be a valuable source of biologically active compounds, which exhibit diverse functions and have demonstrated potential as treatments for various human diseases. The exploration of these compounds has provided valuable insights into their mechanisms of action against cancer cells. In-depth studies have been conducted on clinically established microbial metabolites, unraveling their anticancer properties, and shedding light on their therapeutic potential. This review aims to comprehensively examine the anticancer mechanisms of these established microbial metabolites. Additionally, it highlights the emerging therapies derived from these metabolites, offering a glimpse into the immense potential they hold for anticancer drug discovery. Furthermore, this review delves into approved treatments and major drug candidates currently undergoing clinical trials, focusing on specific molecular targets. It also addresses the challenges and issues encountered in the field of anticancer drug research and development. It also presents a comprehensive exposition of the contemporary panorama concerning microbial metabolites serving as a reservoir for anticancer agents, thereby illuminating their auspicious prospects and the prospect of forthcoming strides in the domain of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileena F Giurini
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aishvarya Godla
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kajal H Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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4
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Yurchenko AN, Nesterenko LE, Popov RS, Kirichuk NN, Chausova VE, Chingizova EA, Isaeva MP, Yurchenko EA. The Metabolite Profiling of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM4631 and Its Co-Cultures with Other Marine Fungi. Metabolites 2023; 13:1138. [PMID: 37999234 PMCID: PMC10673247 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631 strain was previously isolated from a Pacific soft coral Sinularia sp. sample and was found to be a source of a number of bioactive secondary metabolites. The aims of this work are the confirmation of this strain' identification based on ITS, BenA, CaM, and RPB2 regions/gene sequences and the investigation of secondary metabolite profiles of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631 culture and its co-cultures with Penicillium hispanicum KMM 4689, Amphichorda sp. KMM 4639, Penicillium sp. KMM 4672, and Asteromyces cruciatus KMM 4696 from the Collection of Marine Microorganisms (PIBOC FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia). Moreover, the DPPH-radical scavenging activity, urease inhibition, and cytotoxicity of joint fungal cultures' extracts on HepG2 cells were tested. The detailed UPLC MS qTOF investigation resulted in the identification and annotation of indolediketopiperazine, quinazoline, and tryptoquivaline-related alkaloids as well as a number of polyketides (totally 20 compounds) in the extract of Aspergillus fumigatus KMM 4631. The metabolite profiles of the co-cultures of A. fumigatus with Penicillium hispanicum, Penicillium sp., and Amphichorda sp. were similar to those of Penicillium hispanicum, Penicillium sp., and Amphichorda sp. monocultures. The metabolite profile of the co-culture of A. fumigatus with Asteromyces cruciatus differed from that of each monoculture and may be more promising for the isolation of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton N. Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (L.E.N.); (R.S.P.); (N.N.K.); (V.E.C.); (E.A.C.); (M.P.I.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ekaterina A. Yurchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100-Letiya Vladivostoka, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (L.E.N.); (R.S.P.); (N.N.K.); (V.E.C.); (E.A.C.); (M.P.I.)
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Yoshimura A, Saeki R, Nakada R, Tomimoto S, Jomori T, Suganuma K, Wakimoto T. Membrane-Vesicle-Mediated Interbacterial Communication Activates Silent Secondary Metabolite Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307304. [PMID: 37449463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Most bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are "silent BGCs" that are expressed poorly or not at all under normal culture conditions. However, silent BGCs, even in part, may be conditionally expressed in response to external stimuli in the original bacterial habitats. The growing knowledge of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) suggests that they could be promising imitators of the exogenous stimulants, especially given their functions as signaling mediators in bacterial cell-to-cell communication. Therefore, we envisioned that MVs added to bacterial cultures could activate diverse silent BGCs. Herein, we employed Burkholderia multivorans MVs, which induced silent metabolites in a wide range of bacteria in Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria phyla. A mechanistic analysis of MV-induced metabolite production in Xenorhabdus innexi suggested that the B. multivorans MVs activate silent metabolite production by inhibiting quorum sensing in X. innexi. In turn, the X. innexi MVs carrying some MV-induced peptides suppressed the growth of B. multivorans, highlighting the interspecies communication between B. multivorans and X. innexi through MV exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Rio Saeki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shota Tomimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takahiro Jomori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1-Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suganuma
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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MacNair CR, Tsai CN, Rutherford ST, Tan MW. Returning to Nature for the Next Generation of Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1267. [PMID: 37627687 PMCID: PMC10451936 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics found in and inspired by nature are life-saving cures for bacterial infections and have enabled modern medicine. However, the rise in resistance necessitates the discovery and development of novel antibiotics and alternative treatment strategies to prevent the return to a pre-antibiotic era. Once again, nature can serve as a source for new therapies in the form of natural product antibiotics and microbiota-based therapies. Screening of soil bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, identified most of the antibiotics used in the clinic today, but the rediscovery of existing molecules prompted a shift away from natural product discovery. Next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics advances have revealed the untapped metabolic potential harbored within the genomes of environmental microbes. In this review, we first highlight current strategies for mining this untapped chemical space, including approaches to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters and in situ culturing methods. Next, we describe how using live microbes in microbiota-based therapies can simultaneously leverage many of the diverse antimicrobial mechanisms found in nature to treat disease and the impressive efficacy of fecal microbiome transplantation and bacterial consortia on infection. Nature-provided antibiotics are some of the most important drugs in human history, and new technologies and approaches show that nature will continue to offer valuable inspiration for the next generation of antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Caressa N. Tsai
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Steven T. Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
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Kiss A, Hariri Akbari F, Marchev A, Papp V, Mirmazloum I. The Cytotoxic Properties of Extreme Fungi's Bioactive Components-An Updated Metabolic and Omics Overview. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1623. [PMID: 37629481 PMCID: PMC10455657 DOI: 10.3390/life13081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are the most diverse living organisms on planet Earth, where their ubiquitous presence in various ecosystems offers vast potential for the research and discovery of new, naturally occurring medicinal products. Concerning human health, cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality. While extensive research is being conducted on treatments and their efficacy in various stages of cancer, finding cytotoxic drugs that target tumor cells with no/less toxicity toward normal tissue is a significant challenge. In addition, traditional cancer treatments continue to suffer from chemical resistance. Fortunately, the cytotoxic properties of several natural products derived from various microorganisms, including fungi, are now well-established. The current review aims to extract and consolidate the findings of various scientific studies that identified fungi-derived bioactive metabolites with antitumor (anticancer) properties. The antitumor secondary metabolites identified from extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi are grouped according to their biological activity and type. It became evident that the significance of these compounds, with their medicinal properties and their potential application in cancer treatment, is tremendous. Furthermore, the utilization of omics tools, analysis, and genome mining technology to identify the novel metabolites for targeted treatments is discussed. Through this review, we tried to accentuate the invaluable importance of fungi grown in extreme environments and the necessity of innovative research in discovering naturally occurring bioactive compounds for the development of novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kiss
- Agro-Food Science Techtransfer and Innovation Centre, Faculty for Agro, Food and Environmental Science, Debrecen University, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Farhad Hariri Akbari
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrey Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Papp
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Iman Mirmazloum
- Department of Plant Physiology and Plant Ecology, Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, Hungary
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Wang L, Jiang Q, Chen S, Wang S, Lu J, Gao X, Zhang D, Jin X. Natural epidithiodiketopiperazine alkaloids as potential anticancer agents: Recent mechanisms of action, structural modification, and synthetic strategies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106642. [PMID: 37276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a grave health crisis that threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide. Because of the drawbacks of the available anticancer drugs, the development of novel and efficient anticancer agents should be encouraged. Epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids with a 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) ring equipped with transannular disulfide or polysulfide bridges or S-methyl moieties constitute a special subclass of fungal natural products. Owing to their privileged sulfur units and intriguing architectural structures, ETP alkaloids exhibit excellent anticancer activities by regulating multiple cancer proteins/signaling pathways, including HIF-1, NF-κB, NOTCH, Wnt, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, or by inducing cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, a series of ETP alkaloid derivatives obtained via structural modification showed more potent anticancer activity than natural ETP alkaloids. To solve supply difficulties from natural resources, the total synthetic routes for several ETP alkaloids have been designed. In this review, we summarized several ETP alkaloids with anticancer properties with particular emphasis on their underlying mechanisms of action, structural modifications, and synthetic strategies, which will offer guidance to design and innovate potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- China Medical University-Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xun Gao
- Jiangsu Institute Marine Resources Development, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Gasparek M, Steel H, Papachristodoulou A. Deciphering mechanisms of production of natural compounds using inducer-producer microbial consortia. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108117. [PMID: 36813010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms produce a wide range of metabolites. Because of their potential antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, or cytostatic properties, such natural molecules are of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry. In nature, these metabolites are often synthesized via secondary metabolic biosynthetic gene clusters that are silent under the typical culturing conditions. Among different techniques used to activate these silent gene clusters, co-culturing of "producer" species with specific "inducer" microbes is a particularly appealing approach due to its simplicity. Although several "inducer-producer" microbial consortia have been reported in the literature and hundreds of different secondary metabolites with attractive biopharmaceutical properties have been described as a result of co-cultivating inducer-producer consortia, less attention has been devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms and possible means of induction for production of secondary metabolites in co-cultures. This lack of understanding of fundamental biological functions and inter-species interactions significantly limits the diversity and yield of valuable compounds using biological engineering tools. In this review, we summarize and categorize the known physiological mechanisms of production of secondary metabolites in inducer-producer consortia, and then discuss approaches that could be exploited to optimize the discovery and production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Gasparek
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Harrison Steel
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
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10
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The Potential Use of Fungal Co-Culture Strategy for Discovery of New Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020464. [PMID: 36838429 PMCID: PMC9965835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and prolific source of secondary metabolites (SMs) with diverse chemical structures and a wide array of biological properties. In the past two decades, however, the number of new fungal SMs by traditional monoculture method had been greatly decreasing. Fortunately, a growing number of studies have shown that co-culture strategy is an effective approach to awakening silent SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungal strains to produce cryptic SMs. To enrich our knowledge of this approach and better exploit fungal biosynthetic potential for new drug discovery, this review comprehensively summarizes all fungal co-culture methods and their derived new SMs as well as bioactivities on the basis of an extensive literature search and data analysis. Future perspective on fungal co-culture study, as well as its interaction mechanism, is supplied.
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Selegato DM, Castro-Gamboa I. Enhancing chemical and biological diversity by co-cultivation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117559. [PMID: 36819067 PMCID: PMC9928954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural product research, microbial metabolites have tremendous potential to provide new therapeutic agents since extremely diverse chemical structures can be found in the nearly infinite microbial population. Conventionally, these specialized metabolites are screened by single-strain cultures. However, owing to the lack of biotic and abiotic interactions in monocultures, the growth conditions are significantly different from those encountered in a natural environment and result in less diversity and the frequent re-isolation of known compounds. In the last decade, several methods have been developed to eventually understand the physiological conditions under which cryptic microbial genes are activated in an attempt to stimulate their biosynthesis and elicit the production of hitherto unexpressed chemical diversity. Among those, co-cultivation is one of the most efficient ways to induce silenced pathways, mimicking the competitive microbial environment for the production and holistic regulation of metabolites, and has become a golden methodology for metabolome expansion. It does not require previous knowledge of the signaling mechanism and genome nor any special equipment for cultivation and data interpretation. Several reviews have shown the potential of co-cultivation to produce new biologically active leads. However, only a few studies have detailed experimental, analytical, and microbiological strategies for efficiently inducing bioactive molecules by co-culture. Therefore, we reviewed studies applying co-culture to induce secondary metabolite pathways to provide insights into experimental variables compatible with high-throughput analytical procedures. Mixed-fermentation publications from 1978 to 2022 were assessed regarding types of co-culture set-ups, metabolic induction, and interaction effects.
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12
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Wu S, Hu D, Wan X, Zhao J, He Q, Su Z, Cao H. Photocatalytic C-H Disulfuration for the Preparation of Indolizine-3-disulfides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16297-16306. [PMID: 36417299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A photocatalytic C-H disulfuration of indolizines was developed, giving an approach to a wide variety of indolizine-3-disulfides with good yields. Trisulfide dioxides were explored as a high-efficient disulfuration reagent. This disulfuration reaction could be scaled up to grams. Mechanistic studies support a photoinduced pathway involving the generation of indolizine cationic radicals. A bulky alkyl substituent on terminal sulfur of trisulfide dioxide A was necessary for selective formation of disulfide over monosulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Dangzhong Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Xuegui Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Jiaji Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Centre of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Centre, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Biomedical Innovation Platform, Zhongshan 528437, China
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13
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Maithani D, Sharma A, Gangola S, Choudhary P, Bhatt P. Insights into applications and strategies for discovery of microbial bioactive metabolites. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Anderson VM, Wendt KL, Caughron JB, Matlock HP, Rangu N, Najar FZ, Miller AN, Luttenton MR, Cichewicz RH. Assessing Microbial Metabolic and Biological Diversity to Inform Natural Product Library Assembly. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1079-1088. [PMID: 35416663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pressing need for novel chemical matter to support bioactive compound discovery has led natural product researchers to explore a wide range of source organisms and environments. One of the implicit guiding principles behind those efforts is the notion that sampling different environments is critical to accessing unique natural products. This idea was tested by comparing fungi from disparate biomes: aquatic sediments from Lake Michigan (USA) and terrestrial samples taken from the surrounding soils. Matched sets of Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium expansum, and Penicillium oxalicum from the two source environments were compared, revealing modest differences in physiological performance and chemical output. Analysis of LC-MS/MS-derived molecular feature data showed no source-dependent differences in chemical richness. High levels of scaffold homogeneity were also observed with 78-83% of scaffolds shared among the terrestrial and aquatic Penicillium spp. isolates. A comparison of the culturable fungi from the two biomes indicated that certain genera were more strongly associated with aquatic sediments (e.g., Trichoderma, Pseudeurotium, Cladosporium, and Preussia) versus the surrounding terrestrial environment (e.g., Fusarium, Pseudogymnoascus, Humicola, and Acremonium). Taken together, these results suggest that focusing efforts on sampling the microbial resources that are unique to an environment may have a more pronounced effect on enhancing the sought-after natural product diversity needed for chemical discovery and screening collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Anderson
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Karen L Wendt
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - James B Caughron
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Hagan P Matlock
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Nitin Rangu
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Fares Z Najar
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Bioinformatics Core, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Andrew N Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Mark R Luttenton
- R. B. Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, United States
| | - Robert H Cichewicz
- Natural Products Discovery Group, Institute for Natural Products Applications and Research Technologies, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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15
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Koning N, Strand D. A C-H Activation Approach to the Tricyclic Core of Glionitrin A and B. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12329-12341. [PMID: 35449932 PMCID: PMC9016890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of diketopiperazines has been of long-standing interest in both natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Here, we present an operationally convenient and efficient approach to the fused indoline-diketopiperazine tricyclic core of glionitrin A/B and related structures using a Pd-catalyzed C-H activation reaction to form the indoline five-membered ring. Exploratory work aimed at elaborating the tricyclic structures into the corresponding natural products is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
R. Koning
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis,
Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Santos-Aberturas J, Vior NM. Beyond Soil-Dwelling Actinobacteria: Fantastic Antibiotics and Where to Find Them. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:195. [PMID: 35203798 PMCID: PMC8868522 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial secondary metabolites represent an invaluable source of bioactive molecules for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Although screening campaigns for the discovery of new compounds have traditionally been strongly biased towards the study of soil-dwelling Actinobacteria, the current antibiotic resistance and discovery crisis has brought a considerable amount of attention to the study of previously neglected bacterial sources of secondary metabolites. The development and application of new screening, sequencing, genetic manipulation, cultivation and bioinformatic techniques have revealed several other groups of bacteria as producers of striking chemical novelty. Biosynthetic machineries evolved from independent taxonomic origins and under completely different ecological requirements and selective pressures are responsible for these structural innovations. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries related to secondary metabolites from alternative bacterial sources, trying to provide the reader with a broad perspective on how technical novelties have facilitated the access to the bacterial metabolic dark matter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia M. Vior
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR7 4UH, UK
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17
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Iali W, Suleiman RK, El Ali B. Highly Efficient NHC‐Iridium(I) Catalyzed Disulfide Bond Forming Reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Iali
- Chemistry Department King Fahd University of Petroleum& Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum& Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami K. Suleiman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum& Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam El Ali
- Chemistry Department King Fahd University of Petroleum& Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
- Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals King Fahd University of Petroleum& Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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18
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Liu K, Song YF, Gao Y, Luo JQ, Jia YX. NiH-catalyzed dearomative hydroalkylation of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5893-5896. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01650h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A NiH-catalyzed intermolecular dearomative hydroalkylation of indoles has been developed, which assembles an array of structurally diverse C2-alkylated indolines with moderate to excellent yields. This protocol exhibits good functional group...
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19
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Koning NR, Sundin AP, Strand D. Total Synthesis of (-)-Glionitrin A and B Enabled by an Asymmetric Oxidative Sulfenylation of Triketopiperazines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21218-21222. [PMID: 34808045 PMCID: PMC8704193 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Asymmetric construction
of dithiodiketopiperazines on otherwise
achiral scaffolds remains a pivotal synthetic challenge encountered
in many biologically significant natural products. Herein, we report
the first total syntheses of (−)-glionitrin A/B and revise
the absolute configurations. Emerging from the study is a novel oxidative
sulfenylation of triketopiperazines that enables asymmetric formation
of dithiodiketopiperazines on sensitive substrates. The concise
route paves the way for further studies on the potent antimicrobial
and antitumor activities of glionitrin A and the intriguing ability
of glionitrin B to inhibit invasive ability of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Koning
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Activation of Secondary Metabolism in Red Soil-Derived Streptomycetes via Co-Culture with Mycolic Acid-Containing Bacteria. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112187. [PMID: 34835313 PMCID: PMC8622677 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has demonstrated a promising capacity of streptomycetes isolated from red soils to produce novel secondary metabolites, most of which, however, remain to be explored. Co-culturing with mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB) has been used successfully in activating the secondary metabolism in Streptomyces. Here, we co-cultured 44 strains of red soil-derived streptomycetes with four MACB of different species in a pairwise manner and analyzed the secondary metabolites. The results revealed that each of the MACB strains induced changes in the metabolite profiles of 35–40 streptomycetes tested, of which 12–14 streptomycetes produced “new” metabolites that were not detected in the pure cultures. Moreover, some of the co-cultures showed additional or enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to the pure cultures, indicating that co-culture may activate the production of bioactive compounds. From the co-culture-induced metabolites, we identified 49 putative new compounds. Taking the co-culture of Streptomyces sp. FXJ1.264 and Mycobacterium sp. HX09-1 as a case, we further explored the underlying mechanism of co-culture activation and found that it most likely relied on direct physical contact between the two living bacteria. Overall, our results verify co-culture with MACB as an effective approach to discover novel natural products from red soil-derived streptomycetes.
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21
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Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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22
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Maizel D, Salinas FM, Solórzano I, Raiger Iustman L, Ferrero MA, Mauas PJD, Alché LE. Study of the Extremely-Tolerant Brevibacterium linens AE038-8 with Antiviral Activity Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:688-695. [PMID: 33399943 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacterium linens AE038-8 is an arsenic hyper-tolerant bacterial strain, previously isolated from well water in Tucumán, Argentina. The aim of this study was to characterize this strain regarding its resistance to different stress factors and to evaluate its antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). We found that B. linens AE038-8 was capable of tolerating high concentrations of heavy metals such as Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II). When grown in the presence of NaCl, it could tolerate up to 3 M in LB25 medium. When cultivated, B. linens released to the supernatants a bioactive principle with antiviral activity against HSV-1 virus regardless growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maizel
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Maximiliano Salinas
- Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Inés Solórzano
- Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Raiger Iustman
- Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y Nanotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Jacobo David Mauas
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Edith Alché
- Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Virología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), C1428ZAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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23
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Alkayyali T, Pope E, Wheatley SK, Cartmell C, Haltli B, Kerr RG, Ahmadi A. Development of a microbe domestication pod (MD Pod) for in situ cultivation of micro-encapsulated marine bacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:1166-1176. [PMID: 33241862 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microbial marine natural products hold significant potential for the discovery of new bioactive therapeutics such as antibiotics. Unfortunately, this discovery is hindered by the inability to culture the majority of microbes using traditional laboratory approaches. While many new methods have been developed to increase cultivability, a high-throughput in situ incubation chamber capable of simultaneously isolating individual microbes while allowing cellular communication has not previously been reported. Development of such a device would expedite the discovery of new microbial taxa and, thus, facilitate access to their associated natural products. In this study, this concept is achieved by the development of a new device termed by the authors as the microbe domestication (MD) Pod. The MD Pod enables single-cell cultivation by isolating marine bacterial cells in agarose microbeads produced using microfluidics, while allowing potential transmission of chemical signals between cells during in situ incubation in a chamber, or "Pod," that is deployed in the environment. The design of the MD Pod was optimized to ensure the use of biocompatible materials, allow for simple assembly in a field setting, and maintain sterility throughout incubation. The encapsulation process was designed to ensure that the viability of marine sediment bacteria was not adversely impacted by the encapsulation process. The process was validated using representative bacteria isolated from temperate marine sediment samples: Marinomonas polaris, Psychrobacter aquimaris, and Bacillus licheniformis. The overall process appeared to promote metabolic activity of most representative species. Thus, microfluidic encapsulation of marine bacteria and subsequent in situ incubation in the MD Pod is expected to accelerate marine natural products discovery by increasing the cultivability of marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tartela Alkayyali
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Emily Pope
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Sydney K Wheatley
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Christopher Cartmell
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Bradley Haltli
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada.,Departments of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, Canada
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24
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Multifarious Elicitors: Invoking Biosynthesis of Various Bioactive Secondary Metabolite in Fungi. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:668-686. [PMID: 33135129 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are considered to be the lifeline treatment for several diseases where their structural complexity makes them a source of potential lead molecules. As a producer of antibiotics, food colorants, enzymes, and nutritious food, fungi are beneficial to humans. Fungi, as a source of novel natural products, draw attention of scientists. However, redundant isolation of metabolite retards the rate of discovery. So, apart from the standard conditions for the production of secondary metabolites, certain induction strategies are used to trigger biosynthetic genes in fungi. Advancement in the computational tools helps in connecting gene clusters and their metabolite production. Therefore, modern analytical tools and the genomic era in hand leads to the identification of manifold of cryptic metabolites. The cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) has become a treasure hunt for new metabolites representing biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and other factors. This review includes the use of chemical inducers/epigenetic modifiers and co-culture (species interaction) techniques to induce these BGCs. Furthermore, it cites a detailed representation of molecules isolated using these strategies. Since the induction occurs on the genomic molecular DNA and histones, this together brings a significant exploration of the biosynthetic pathways.Graphical Abstract.
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25
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Liang L, Wang G, Haltli B, Marchbank DH, Stryhn H, Correa H, Kerr RG. Metabolomic Comparison and Assessment of Co-cultivation and a Heat-Killed Inducer Strategy in Activation of Cryptic Biosynthetic Pathways. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2696-2705. [PMID: 32869646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Co-cultivation has been used as a promising tool to turn on or up-regulate cryptic biosynthetic pathways for microbial natural product discovery. Recently, a modified culturing strategy similar to co-cultivation was investigated, where heat-killed inducer cultures were supplemented to the culture medium of producer fermentations to induce cryptic pathways. In the present study, the repeatability and effectiveness of both methods in turning on cryptic biosynthetic pathways were unbiasedly assessed using UHPLC-HRESIMS-based metabolomics analysis. Both induction methods had good repeatability, and they resulted in very different induced metabolites from the tested producers. Co-cultivation generated more induced mass features than the heat-killed inducer cultures, while both methods resulted in the induction of mass features not observed using the other induction method. As examples, pathways leading to two new natural products, N-carbamoyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzamide (1) and carbazoquinocin G (5), were induced and up-regulated through co-culturing a producer Streptomyces sp. RKND-216 with inducers Alteromonas sp. RKMC-009 and M. smegmatis ATCC 120515, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Guanqiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Bradley Haltli
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Douglas H Marchbank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Hebelin Correa
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown C1A 4P3, Canada
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26
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Wang D, Gao Y, Tong Y, Xiong M, Liang X, Zhu H, Pan Y. Unsymmetrical Disulfides Synthesis
via
Cs
2
CO
3
‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dungai Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanji Gao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunli Tong
- Zhejiang East Asia Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Mingteng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
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27
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Wilson ZE, Brimble MA. Molecules derived from the extremes of life: a decade later. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:24-82. [PMID: 32672280 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: Early 2008 until the end of 2019Microorganisms which survive (extreme-tolerant) or even prefer (extremophilic) living at the limits of pH, temperature, salinity and pressure found on earth have proven to be a rich source of novel structures. In this update we summarise the wide variety of new molecules which have been isolated from extremophilic and extreme-tolerant microorganisms since our original 2009 review, highlighting the range of bioactivities these molecules have been reported to possess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Wilson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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28
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Wang D, Liang X, Xiong M, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Pan Y. Synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides via PPh 3-mediated reductive coupling of thiophenols with sulfonyl chlorides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4447-4451. [PMID: 32469364 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00804d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A facile and rapid synthesis of unsymmetrical aryl disulfides using PPh3-mediated reductive coupling of thiophenols with aryl sulfonyl chlorides was described. Good functional group tolerance and scalability were achieved in this strategy. More importantly, the approach enables the introduction of sulfonyl chlorides into the synthesis of asymmetric organic disulfides under catalyst- and base-free conditions. Using this method, unsymmetrical aromatic disulfides could be prepared from inexpensive and readily available starting materials in moderate to excellent isolated yields, through a nucleophilic substitution pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dungai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Mingteng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Heping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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29
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von Hertwig AM, Iamanaka BT, Amorim Neto DP, Rezende JBD, Martins LM, Taniwaki MH, Nascimento MS. Interaction of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus with Salmonella spp. isolated from peanuts. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 328:108666. [PMID: 32454365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the main microorganisms of concern in peanuts, due to aflatoxin contamination, several Salmonella outbreaks from this product have been reported over the last ten decades. Thus, it is important to understand the relationship between microorganisms to predict, manage and estimate the diversity in the peanut supply chain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate aflatoxin production during the co-cultivation of Aspergillus section Flavi and Salmonella both isolated from peanuts. Three strains of A. section Flavi: A. flavus producing aflatoxin B, A. flavus non-producing aflatoxin and A. parasiticus producing aflatoxin B and G were co-cultivated with seven serotypes of Salmonella of which six were isolated from the peanut supply chain (S. Muenster, S. Miami, S. Glostrup, S. Javiana, S. Oranienburg and S. Yoruba) and one was S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028. First of all, each Salmonella strain was inoculated by pour plate (ca. 5 log cfu/mL) in PDA (potato dextrose agar). Then, each pre-cultured fungus was inoculated in the center of the petri dish. The plates were incubated at 30 °C and the fungal colony diameter was measured once a day for 7 days. As a control each Aspergillus strain was cultivated in the absence of Salmonella culture. All three strains of Aspergillus with absence of Salmonella (control) reached the maximum colony diameter and their growth rate was influenced when co-cultivated (p < 0.05) with all Salmonella serotypes tested. The maximum inhibition in the colony diameter was 20% for A. flavus aflatoxin B producer and A. parasiticus, and 18% for A. flavus non- aflatoxin producer when cultivated with Salmonella. However, no significant difference (p < 0.05) in reduction of colony diameter was observed among the Salmonella serotypes. Aflatoxin production was determined previously, by using the agar plug technique on thin layer chromatography (TLC). The production of aflatoxin G by A. parasiticus in co-cultivation with Salmonella was not observed. On the other hand, A. flavus preserved their characteristics of aflatoxin B production. The quantification of aflatoxin reduction by Salmonella interaction was evaluated using HPLC method. There was a maximum reduction of aflatoxin production of 88.7% and 72.9% in A. flavus and A. parasiticus, respectively, when cultivated with Salmonella. These results indicate that some serotypes of Salmonella may interfere with aflatoxin production and fungal growth of A. flavus and A. parasiticus in the peanut supply chain.
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Bhattarai K, Bastola R, Baral B. Antibiotic drug discovery: Challenges and perspectives in the light of emerging antibiotic resistance. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2020; 105:229-292. [PMID: 32560788 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amid a rising threat of antimicrobial resistance in a global scenario, our huge investments and high-throughput technologies injected for rejuvenating the key therapeutic scaffolds to suppress these rising superbugs has been diminishing severely. This has grasped world-wide attention, with increased consideration being given to the discovery of new chemical entities. Research has now proven that the relatively tiny and simpler microbes possess enhanced capability of generating novel and diverse chemical constituents with huge therapeutic leads. The usage of these beneficial organisms could help in producing new chemical scaffolds that govern the power to suppress the spread of obnoxious superbugs. Here in this review, we have explicitly focused on several appealing strategies employed for the generation of new chemical scaffolds. Also, efforts on providing novel insights on some of the unresolved questions in the production of metabolites, metabolic profiling and also the serendipity of getting "hit molecules" have been rigorously discussed. However, we are highly aware that biosynthetic pathway of different classes of secondary metabolites and their biosynthetic route is a vast topic, thus we have avoided discussion on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshab Bhattarai
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Center for Natural and Applied Sciences (CENAS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rina Bastola
- Spinal Cord Injury Association-Nepal (SCIAN), Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bikash Baral
- Spinal Cord Injury Association-Nepal (SCIAN), Pokhara, Nepal.
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Abstract
Over a long period of time, humans have explored many natural resources looking for remedies of various ailments. Traditional medicines have played an intrinsic role in human life for thousands of years, with people depending on medicinal plants and their products as dietary supplements as well as using them therapeutically for treatment of chronic disorders, such as cancer, malaria, diabetes, arthritis, inflammation, and liver and cardiac disorders. However, plant resources are not sufficient for treatment of recently emerging diseases. In addition, the seasonal availability and other political factors put constrains on some rare plant species. The actual breakthrough in drug discovery came concurrently with the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium notatum in 1929. This discovery dramatically changed the research of natural products and positioned microbial natural products as one of the most important clues in drug discovery due to availability, variability, great biodiversity, unique structures, and the bioactivities produced. The number of commercially available therapeutically active compounds from microbial sources to date exceeds those discovered from other sources. In this review, we introduce a short history of microbial drug discovery as well as certain features and recent research approaches, specifying the microbial origin, their featured molecules, and the diversity of the producing species. Moreover, we discuss some bioactivities as well as new approaches and trends in research in this field.
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Wang Q, Zhang K, Wang W, Zhang G, Zhu T, Che Q, Gu Q, Li D. Amphiepicoccins A-J: Epipolythiodioxopiperazines from the Fish-Gill-Derived Fungus Epicoccum nigrum HDN17-88. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:524-531. [PMID: 31975590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten new epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs), namely, amphiepicoccins A-J (1-10), were isolated from the fish-gill-derived fungus Epicoccum nigrum HDN17-88. Their structures were deduced from extensive spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Amphiepicoccin A (1) which contains an aromatic indole motif is unprecedented among the epicoccin type of ETPs. Compounds 1, 3, and 6 displayed anti-HSV-2 activities, with IC50 values of 70, 64, and 29 μM, respectively (acyclovir as positive control with an IC50 value of 31 μM), while 5 and 6 also revealed inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 13 and 25 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijin Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao , 266237 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang C, Too HP. Strategies for the Biosynthesis of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals in Microbes from Renewable Feedstock. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4613-4621. [PMID: 32048953 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200212121047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Abundant and renewable biomaterials serve as ideal substrates for the sustainable production of various chemicals, including natural products (e.g., pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals). For decades, researchers have been focusing on how to engineer microorganisms and developing effective fermentation processes to overproduce these molecules from biomaterials. Despite many laboratory achievements, it remains a challenge to transform some of these into successful industrial applications. RESULTS Here, we review recent progress in strategies and applications in metabolic engineering for the production of natural products. Modular engineering methods, such as a multidimensional heuristic process markedly improve efficiencies in the optimization of long and complex biosynthetic pathways. Dynamic pathway regulation realizes autonomous adjustment and can redirect metabolic carbon fluxes to avoid the accumulation of toxic intermediate metabolites. Microbial co-cultivation bolsters the identification and overproduction of natural products by introducing competition or cooperation of different species. Efflux engineering is applied to reduce product toxicity or to overcome storage limitation and thus improves product titers and productivities. CONCLUSION Without dispute, many of the innovative methods and strategies developed are gradually catalyzing this transformation from the laboratory into the industry in the biosynthesis of natural products. Sometimes, it is necessary to combine two or more strategies to acquire additive or synergistic benefits. As such, we foresee a bright future of the biosynthesis of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals in microbes from renewable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congqiang Zhang
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Heng-Phon Too
- Biotransformation Innovation Platform (BioTrans), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Ibrar M, Ullah MW, Manan S, Farooq U, Rafiq M, Hasan F. Fungi from the extremes of life: an untapped treasure for bioactive compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2777-2801. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Arora D, Gupta P, Jaglan S, Roullier C, Grovel O, Bertrand S. Expanding the chemical diversity through microorganisms co-culture: Current status and outlook. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107521. [PMID: 31953204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are considered as a cornerstone for the generation of bioactive leads in drug discovery programs. However, one of the major limitations of NP drug discovery program is "rediscovery" of known compounds, thereby hindering the rate of drug discovery efficiency. Therefore, in recent years, to overcome these limitations, a great deal of attention has been drawn towards understanding the role of microorganisms' co-culture in inducing novel chemical entities. Such induction could be related to activation of genes which might be silent or expressed at very low levels (below detection limit) in pure-strain cultures under normal laboratory conditions. In this review, chemical diversity of compounds isolated from microbial co-cultures, is discussed. For this purpose, chemodiversity has been represented as a chemical-structure network based on the "Tanimoto Structural Similarity Index". This highlights the huge structural diversity induced by microbial co-culture. In addition, the current trends in microbial co-culture research are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges (1 - induction monitoring, 2 - reproducibility, 3 - growth time effect and 4 - up-scaling for isolation purposes) are discussed. The information in this review will support researchers to design microbial co-culture strategies for future research efforts. In addition, guidelines for co-culture induction reporting are also provided to strengthen future reporting in this NP field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Arora
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Prasoon Gupta
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Catherine Roullier
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Olivier Grovel
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | - Samuel Bertrand
- Groupe Mer, Molécules, Santé-EA 2160, Faculté des Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Université de Nantes, 9 rue Bias, BP 53508, F-44035 Nantes Cedex 01, France.
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Mullis MM, Rambo IM, Baker BJ, Reese BK. Diversity, Ecology, and Prevalence of Antimicrobials in Nature. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2518. [PMID: 31803148 PMCID: PMC6869823 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms possess a variety of survival mechanisms, including the production of antimicrobials that function to kill and/or inhibit the growth of competing microorganisms. Studies of antimicrobial production have largely been driven by the medical community in response to the rise in antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and have involved isolated pure cultures under artificial laboratory conditions neglecting the important ecological roles of these compounds. The search for new natural products has extended to biofilms, soil, oceans, coral reefs, and shallow coastal sediments; however, the marine deep subsurface biosphere may be an untapped repository for novel antimicrobial discovery. Uniquely, prokaryotic survival in energy-limited extreme environments force microbial populations to either adapt their metabolism to outcompete or produce novel antimicrobials that inhibit competition. For example, subsurface sediments could yield novel antimicrobial genes, while at the same time answering important ecological questions about the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Mullis
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Ian M. Rambo
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Brett J. Baker
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, United States
| | - Brandi Kiel Reese
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
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Su YS, Cheng MJ, Wu MD, Hsieh SY, Chai CY, Kwan AL. Study of the Low Polar Constituents from the Endophytic Fungus Annulohypoxylon ilanense. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Advances in microbial culturing conditions to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters for novel metabolite production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 46:1381-1400. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) produced by bacteria and fungi are often used as therapeutic agents due to their complex structures and wide range of bioactivities. Enzymes that build NPs are encoded by co-localized biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and genome sequencing has recently revealed that many BGCs are “silent” under standard laboratory conditions. There are numerous methods used to activate “silent” BGCs that rely either upon altering culture conditions or genetic modification. In this review, we discuss several recent microbial cultivation methods that have been used to expand the scope of NPs accessible in the laboratory. These approaches are divided into three categories: addition of a physical scaffold, addition of small molecule elicitors, and co-cultivation with another microbe.
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39
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Zhang C, Straight PD. Antibiotic discovery through microbial interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 51:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Lin RJ, Chan HY, Hsieh SY, Chang HS, Lin CL, Chen JJ. Chemcial Constituents of the Fungus Biscogniauxia cylindrospora. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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41
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Hautbergue T, Jamin EL, Debrauwer L, Puel O, Oswald IP. From genomics to metabolomics, moving toward an integrated strategy for the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:147-173. [PMID: 29384544 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fungal secondary metabolites are defined by bioactive properties that ensure adaptation of the fungus to its environment. Although some of these natural products are promising sources of new lead compounds especially for the pharmaceutical industry, others pose risks to human and animal health. The identification of secondary metabolites is critical to assessing both the utility and risks of these compounds. Since fungi present biological specificities different from other microorganisms, this review covers the different strategies specifically used in fungal studies to perform this critical identification. Strategies focused on the direct detection of the secondary metabolites are firstly reported. Particularly, advances in high-throughput untargeted metabolomics have led to the generation of large datasets whose exploitation and interpretation generally require bioinformatics tools. Then, the genome-based methods used to study the entire fungal metabolic potential are reported. Transcriptomic and proteomic tools used in the discovery of fungal secondary metabolites are presented as links between genomic methods and metabolomic experiments. Finally, the influence of the culture environment on the synthesis of secondary metabolites by fungi is highlighted as a major factor to consider in research on fungal secondary metabolites. Through this review, we seek to emphasize that the discovery of natural products should integrate all of these valuable tools. Attention is also drawn to emerging technologies that will certainly revolutionize fungal research and to the use of computational tools that are necessary but whose results should be interpreted carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hautbergue
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, F-31027 Toulouse, France.
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42
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Yu G, Sun Z, Peng J, Zhu M, Che Q, Zhang G, Zhu T, Gu Q, Li D. Secondary Metabolites Produced by Combined Culture of Penicillium crustosum and a Xylaria sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2013-2017. [PMID: 31265288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four new alkyl aromatics, penixylarins A-D (1-4), along with the known biogenetically related 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(12-hydroxyheptadecyl)benzene (5) and 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(12-sulfoxyheptadecyl)benzene (6), were isolated from a mixed culture of the Antarctic deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium crustosum PRB-2 and the mangrove-derived fungus Xylaria sp. HDN13-249. UPLC-MS data and an analysis of structural features showed that compounds 1 and 2 were produced by collaboration of the two fungi, while compounds 3-6 could be produced by Xylaria sp. HDN13-249 alone, but in noticeably increased quantities by cocultivation. Compounds 2, 3, 5, and 6 showed antibacterial activity against a panel of strains, and compound 3 possessed potential antituberculosis effects (MIC = 6.25 μM against Mycobacterium phlei).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences , Qingdao 266071 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guojian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
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Snaddon TN, Scaggs TD, Pearson CM, Fyfe JWB. A Modular Construction of Epidithiodiketopiperazines. Org Lett 2019; 21:4873-4877. [PMID: 31184903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) possess remarkably diverse biological activities and have attracted significant synthetic attention. The preparation of analogues is actively pursued; however, they are structurally challenging, and more direct and modular methods for their synthesis are desirable. To this end, the utility of a bifunctional triketopiperazine building block for the straightforward synthesis of ETPs is reported. A modular strategy consisting of enolate alkylation followed by site-selective nucleophile addition enables the concise synthesis of (±)-hyalodendrin and a range of analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Snaddon
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Toya D Scaggs
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Colin M Pearson
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - James W B Fyfe
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
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Zhao YL, Fei XH, Tang YQ, Xu PF, Yang FF, He B, Fu XZ, Yang YY, Zhou M, Mao YH, Dong YX, Li C. Organocatalytic Asymmetric α-Sulfenylation of 2-Substituted Indolin-3-ones: A Strategy for the Synthesis of Chiral 2,2-Disubstituted Indole-3-ones with S- and N-Containing Heteroquaternary Carbon Stereocenter. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8168-8176. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hai Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Qin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Hu Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, P. R. China
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Zhao P, Xue Y, Li J, Li X, Zu X, Zhao Z, Quan C, Gao W, Feng S. Non-lipopeptide fungi-derived peptide antibiotics developed since 2000. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:651-673. [PMID: 31020454 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) are the smallest cyclopeptides and their basic structure includes a six-membered piperazine nucleus. Typical peptides lack a special functional group in the oligopeptide nucleus. Both are produced by at least 35 representative genera of fungi, and possess huge potential as pharmaceutical drugs and biocontrol agents. To date, only cyclosporin A has been developed into a commercial product. This review summarises 186 fungi-derived compounds reported since 2000. Antibiotic (antibacterial, antifungal, synergistic antifungal, antiviral, antimycobacterial, antimalarial, antileishmanial, insecticidal, antitrypanosomal, nematicidal and antimicroalgal) activities are discussed for 107 of them, including 66 DKPs (14 epipolythiodioxopiperazines, 20 polysulphide bridge-free thiodiketopiperazines, and 32 sulphur-free prenylated indole DKPs), 15 highly N-methylated, and 26 non-highly N-methylated typical peptides. Structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action, and research methods are covered in detail. Additionally, biosynthases of tardioxopiperazines and neoechinulins are highlighted. These compounds have attracted considerable interest within the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Zhao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yun Xue
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Jinghua Li
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xin Li
- Life Science College, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zhanqin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Chunshan Quan
- Department of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Weina Gao
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuxiao Feng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Martín JF, Liras P. Harnessing microbiota interactions to produce bioactive metabolites: communication signals and receptor proteins. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 48:8-16. [PMID: 30933876 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous microbial communities live in soil, aquatic habitats, plants, and animal bodies. Microbial genome sequences have revealed that thousands of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are present in different bacteria and filamentous fungi. Many of these BGCs are not expressed in pure cultures in the laboratory. However, a large part of these silent clusters is expressed in nature when complex microbial populations are studied. The encoding specialized metabolites are frequently produced at very low concentrations but still they serve as communication signals that produce important biochemical and differentiation effects on other microorganisms of the consortium. Many specialized metabolites acting as communication signals have been identified, including autoinducers, intergeneric, and interkingdom cues. These signals trigger expression of silent BGCs in other microorganisms, thus providing new compounds with interesting biological and pharmacological activities. Examples of interactions between different bacteria or between bacteria and fungi are described here. Finally, the relevance of the human microbiota and the production in vivo of specialized metabolites of medical interest is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Martín
- Department of Molecular Biology, Section Microbiology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Paloma Liras
- Department of Molecular Biology, Section Microbiology, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
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47
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Akone SH, Pham CD, Chen H, Ola ARB, Ntie-Kang F, Proksch P. Epigenetic modification, co-culture and genomic methods for natural product discovery. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fungi and bacteria are encountered in many habitats where they live in complex communities interacting with one another mainly by producing secondary metabolites, which are organic compounds that are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. These organisms appear as a promising source for the discovery of novel bioactive natural products that may find their application in medicine. However, the production of secondary metabolites by those organisms when cultured axenically is limited as only a subset of biosynthetic genes is expressed under standard laboratory conditions leading to the search of new methods for the activation of the silent genes including epigenetic modification and co-cultivation. Biosynthetic gene clusters which produce secondary metabolites are known to be present in a heterochromatin state in which the transcription of constitutive genes is usually regulated by epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. Therefore, small-molecule epigenetic modifiers which promote changes in the structure of chromatin could control the expression of silent genes and may be rationally employed for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Co-cultivation, which is also known as mixed-fermentation, usually implies two or more microorganisms in the same medium in which the resulting competition is known to enhance the production of constitutively present compounds and/or to lead to the induction of cryptic metabolites that were not detected in axenic cultures of the considered axenic microorganism. Genomic strategies could help to identify biosynthetic gene clusters in fungal genomes and link them to their products by the means of novel algorithms as well as integrative pan-genomic approaches. Despite that all these techniques are still in their infancy, they appear as promising sources for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This chapter presents recent ecological techniques for the discovery of new secondary metabolites that might find application in medicine.
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Liang L, Sproule A, Haltli B, Marchbank DH, Berrué F, Overy DP, McQuillan K, Lanteigne M, Duncan N, Correa H, Kerr RG. Discovery of a New Natural Product and a Deactivation of a Quorum Sensing System by Culturing a "Producer" Bacterium With a Heat-Killed "Inducer" Culture. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3351. [PMID: 30705672 PMCID: PMC6344404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe a modified bacterial culture methodology as a tool to discover new natural products via supplementing actinomycete fermentation media with autoclaved cultures of “inducer” microbes. Using seven actinomycetes and four inducer microbes, we detected 28 metabolites that were induced in UHPLC-HRESIMS-based analysis of bacterial fermentations. Metabolomic analysis indicated that each inducer elicited a unique response from the actinomycetes and that some chemical responses were specific to each inducer-producer combination. Among these 28 metabolites, hydrazidomycin D, a new hydrazide-containing natural product was isolated from the pair Streptomyces sp. RKBH-B178 and Mycobacterium smegmatis. This result validated the effectiveness of the strategy in discovering new natural products. From the same set of induced metabolites, an in-depth investigation of a fermentation of Streptomyces sp. RKBH-B178 and autoclaved Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the discovery of a glucuronidated analog of the pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS). We demonstrated that RKBH-B178 is able to biotransform the P. aeruginosa quorum sensing molecules, 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), and PQS to form PQS-GlcA. Further, PQS-GlcA was shown to have poor binding affinity to PqsR, the innate receptor of HHQ and PQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Amanda Sproule
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Brad Haltli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Douglas H Marchbank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Fabrice Berrué
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - David P Overy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Martin Lanteigne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Noelle Duncan
- Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Nautilus Biosciences Croda, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Schmieder SS, Stanley CE, Rzepiela A, van Swaay D, Sabotič J, Nørrelykke SF, deMello AJ, Aebi M, Künzler M. Bidirectional Propagation of Signals and Nutrients in Fungal Networks via Specialized Hyphae. Curr Biol 2019; 29:217-228.e4. [PMID: 30612903 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular distribution of nutrients and coordination of responses to internal and external cues via endogenous signaling molecules are hallmarks of multicellular organisms. Vegetative mycelia of multicellular fungi are syncytial networks of interconnected hyphae resulting from hyphal tip growth, branching, and fusion. Such mycelia can reach considerable dimensions and, thus, different parts can be exposed to quite different environmental conditions. Our knowledge about the mechanisms by which fungal mycelia can adjust nutrient gradients or coordinate their defense response to fungivores is scarce, in part due to limitations in technologies currently available for examining different parts of a mycelium over longer time periods at the microscopic level. Here, we combined a tailor-made microfluidic platform with time-lapse fluorescence microscopy to visualize the dynamic response of the vegetative mycelium of a basidiomycete to two different stimuli. The microfluidic platform allows simultaneous monitoring at both the colony and single-hypha level. We followed the dynamics of the distribution of a locally administered nutrient analog and the defense response to spatially confined predation by a fungivorous nematode. Although both responses of the mycelium were constrained locally, we observed long-distance propagation for both the nutrient analog and defense response in a subset of hyphae. This propagation along hyphae occurred in both acropetal and basipetal directions and, intriguingly, the direction was found to alternate every 3 hr in an individual hypha. These results suggest that multicellular fungi have, as of yet, undescribed mechanisms to coordinate the distribution of nutrients and their behavioral response upon attack by fungivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie S Schmieder
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claire E Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Rzepiela
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk van Swaay
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon F Nørrelykke
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Aebi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Künzler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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