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Lisnyak VG, Sherwood TC, Snyder SA. The Development of Reaction Cascades to Synthesize Dimeric Coccinellid Alkaloids. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1610-1622. [PMID: 33646762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the past decade, our group has been intensely interested in achieving the laboratory synthesis of varied members of the coccinellid alkaloid family of natural products. These compounds, produced by varied species of ladybugs throughout the world as defensive agents, include several polycyclic members that can formally be considered as either monomeric or dimeric with architectures that contain between 3 and 7 ring systems along with an array of stereocenters. As a result of their fascinating structures, many groups have achieved syntheses of varied monomeric members using a variety of synthetic strategies and tactics. However, no efforts to synthesize any of the dimeric structures had been reported at the time we began our studies, and only a modest amount of study had been performed as relates to their biosynthesis, with little knowledge of how the larger structures might actually arise in Nature. In this Account, we provide an overview of our general synthetic considerations to achieve a global synthesis of the collection, efforts that have led to date to the formal and total synthesis of 12 different members, 4 at the dimer level. Critical was (1) the identification of a key, common intermediate to enable access to a large number of monomeric substructures in short order, (2) careful thinking as to how the larger structures might arise biosynthetically to fuel building block design, and (3) the development of several reaction cascades that rapidly assembled the majority of their molecular complexity in single-pot operations. Key discoveries in the program include the finding that when efforts to achieve intermolecular dimerizations fail with advanced intermediates, attempts to couple more functionalized fragments earlier and then fold them into the desired structure can be an effective strategy. We also highlight suggestive evidence that a non-natural isomer we originally prepared from one of those cascades may, in fact, be a natural product. And, in particular, we will focus on how two key cascades were developed, as a result of synthetic challenges at varied points in our explorations, which proved capable of forging multiple bonds, rings, and stereocenters in the target structures. One of these includes a designed event that combined 9 different chemical reactions in a single pot and may prove useful for the synthesis of other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G. Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Trevor C. Sherwood
- Research and Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Lisnyak VG, Snyder SA. A Concise, Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of Chilocorine C Fueled by a Reductive Cyclization/Mannich Reaction Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12027-12033. [PMID: 32551575 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Among defensive alkaloids isolated from ladybugs, the heterodimeric member chilocorine C possesses an alluring monomeric unit that combines quinolizidine and indolizidine substructures. Indeed, the overall stereochemical disposition of its ring fusions is distinct from those of related natural products. Herein we show that a carefully orchestrated sequence with several chemoselective transformations, including a designed cascade that accomplishes nine distinct chemical reactions in one-pot, can smoothly forge that domain and ultimately enable a 15-step, 11-pot enantiospecific synthesis of the natural product. Mechanistic studies, density functional theory calculations, and the delineation of several other unsuccessful approaches highlight its unique elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Zhang S, Greenhalgh MD, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Tandem sequential catalytic enantioselective synthesis of highly-functionalised tetrahydroindolizine derivatives. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3885-3892. [PMID: 34122857 PMCID: PMC8152628 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of novel tetrahydroindolizine derivatives is reported through a one-pot tandem sequential process. The application of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid in combination with either a trifluoromethyl enone or an α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated ester in an enantioselective Michael addition–lactonisation process, followed by in situ ring-opening and cyclisation, led to a range of 24 tetrahydroindolizine derivatives containing three stereocentres in up to >95 : 5 dr and >99 : 1 er. The isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroindolizine derivatives containing three stereocentres is reported through a one-pot tandem sequential process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews North Haugh St Andrews KY16 9ST UK
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Lisnyak VG, Lynch-Colameta T, Snyder SA. Mannich-type Reactions of Cyclic Nitrones: Effective Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperidine-containing Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15162-15166. [PMID: 30276949 PMCID: PMC7199385 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Even though there are dozens of biologically active 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted piperidines, only a limited number of approaches exist for their synthesis. Herein is described two Mannich-type additions to nitrones, one using β-ketoacids under catalyst-free conditions and another using methyl ketones in the presence of chiral thioureas, which can generate a broad array of such 2-substituted materials, as well as other ring variants, in the form of β-N-hydroxy-aminoketones. Both processes have broad scope, with the latter providing products with high enantioselectivity (up to 98 %). The combination of these methods, along with other critical steps, has enabled 8-step total syntheses of the 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids (-)-lobeline and (-)-sedinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tessa Lynch-Colameta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Lisnyak VG, Lynch‐Colameta T, Snyder SA. Mannich‐type Reactions of Cyclic Nitrones: Effective Methods for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Piperidine‐containing Alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav G. Lisnyak
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Tessa Lynch‐Colameta
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
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Kamath A, Fabritius CH, Philouze C, Delair P. A new approach to the 8b-azaacenaphthylene ring system. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9834-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01013f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the 8b-azaacenaphthylene ring system is described featuring several stereoselective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Kamath
- SERCO
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- ICMG FR-2607
- CNRS
| | | | - Christian Philouze
- MUST
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- ICMG FR-2607
- CNRS
| | - Philippe Delair
- SERCO
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- ICMG FR-2607
- CNRS
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Sherwood T, Trotta AH, Snyder SA. A strategy for complex dimer formation when biomimicry fails: total synthesis of ten coccinellid alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:9743-53. [PMID: 24959981 PMCID: PMC4105056 DOI: 10.1021/ja5045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although dimeric natural products can often be synthesized in the laboratory by directly merging advanced monomers, these approaches sometimes fail, leading instead to non-natural architectures via incorrect unions. Such a situation arose during our studies of the coccinellid alkaloids, when attempts to directly dimerize Nature's presumed monomeric precursors in a putative biomimetic sequence afforded only a non-natural analogue through improper regiocontrol. Herein, we outline a unique strategy for dimer formation that obviates these difficulties, one which rapidly constructs the coccinellid dimers psylloborine A and isopsylloborine A through a terminating sequence of two reaction cascades that generate five bonds, five rings, and four stereocenters. In addition, a common synthetic intermediate is identified which allows for the rapid, asymmetric formal or complete total syntheses of eight monomeric members of the class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor
C. Sherwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Adam H. Trotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Scott A. Snyder
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Liu Y, Hu HY, Zhang Y, Hu HW, Xu JH. Synthesis of 1,2-annulated and 1,2-unsubstituted pyrrolo[2,1,5-de]quinolizin-5-ones (cycl[3.3.2]azin-5-ones) via [3+2] cycloadditions of 1-oxoquinolizinium ylides with cyclic alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:4921-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00299b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen YM, Grampp G, Leesakul N, Hu HW, Xu JH. Synthesis and Emitting Properties of the Blue-Light Fluorophores Indolizino[3,4,5-ab]isoindole Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Laurent P, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Pasteels JM. Chilocorine D, a novel heptacyclic alkaloid from a coccinellid beetle (Chilocorus renipustulatus). Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laurent P, Braekman JC, Daloze D, Pasteels JM. In vitro production of adaline and coccinelline, two defensive alkaloids from ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2002; 32:1017-1023. [PMID: 12213238 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(02)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In vitro experiments using [1-(14)C] and [2-(14)C]acetate were devised to study the biosynthesis of the defensive coccinellid alkaloids adaline and coccinelline in Adalia 2-punctata and Coccinella 7-punctata, respectively. The labelled alkaloids obtained in these experiments had a specific activity about ten times higher than that of the samples obtained in feeding experiments. This in vitro assay has enabled us to demonstrate that these two alkaloids are most likely biosynthesised through a fatty acid rather than a polyketide pathway, that glutamine is the preferred source of the nitrogen atom and that alkaloid biosynthesis takes place in the insect fat body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laurent
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Free University of Brussels, CP 160/07, Av. F. D. Roosevelt, 50-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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