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Elawad MA, Elkhalifa MEM, Hamdoon AAE, Salim LHM, Ahmad Z, Ayaz M. Natural products derived steroids as potential anti-leishmanial agents; disease prevalence, underlying mechanisms and future perspectives. Steroids 2023; 193:109196. [PMID: 36764565 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infection caused by protozoan parasites from the genus leishmania and is among the most neglected tropical diseases. It is highly prevalent disease, affecting about 350 million population worldwide. Only limited number of anti-leishmanial agents are approved for clinical use till now and they are associated with side effects and have limited efficacy. Subsequently, natural products based discovery of more safe and effective drugs against leishmania is under scientific consideration. Various studies reported the efficacy of natural products against intracellular and extracellular forms of leishmania species. This work is aimed to evaluate current literature focused on the anti-leihmanial efficacy of steroidal moieties from natural products and their mechanism of action. Compounds including steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phytosterols were found to exhibit considerable anti-leishmanial efficacy. For instance, steroidal saponin, (25R)-spirost-5-en-3b-ol,3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[a-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-glucopyranoside isolated from A. paradoxum has completely eradicated Leishmania major promastigotes at 50 µg mL-1 dose. Spirostanic saponins isolated from Solanum paniculatum L. were effective against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. Turgidosterones isolated from Panicum turgidum exhibited high leishmanicidal potentials against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 of 4.95-8.03 µg mL-1 and even better activity against amastigotes exhibiting an IC50 of 4.50-9.29 µg mL-1. Likewise, racemoside-A from Asparagus racemosus was found effective against an antimonial sensitive (AG83) and antimonial resistant (GE1F8R) strains of the L. donovani. Moreover, steroidal alkaloids including hookerianamide-1, hookerianamide-H, hookerianamide-J, hookerianamide-K, dehydrosarsalignone, vagenine-A, sarcovagine-C, holaphylline, saracodine, holamine, 15-α hydroxyholamine, holacurtin, N-desmethyl holacurtine and elasticine has exhibited time and dose-dependent efficacy against various strains of leishmania. β-sitosterol was found active against multiple strains of leishmania. These compounds mainly exhibit their therapeutic efficacy via liberation of ROS, mitochondrial depolarization, morphological and ultra-structural changes, accumulation of lipid droplets, depletion of non-protein thiols and triggering apoptotic pathways. In conclusion, leishmaniasis is a major health problem in many countries. Plants-derived steroids moieties have reveled efficacy against leishmaniasis and is a source of lead compounds. Further detailed molecular studies are warranted for the discovery of more effective and safe anti-leishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ahmed Elawad
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Modawy Elnour Modawy Elkhalifa
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Alashary Adam Eisa Hamdoon
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Liga Hasan Mohammed Salim
- Public Health Department, Health Sciences College at Lieth, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; University of Khartoum, Faculty of Public and Environmental Health, Sudan.
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Facutly of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Facutly of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan.
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Feng SY, Zhang L, Xiang LL, Li RT, Chen XQ, Yu F, Zhong JD. Anti-influenza activity of compounds isolated from the leaves of Elsholtzia rugulosa and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Ma'mag LK, Zintchem AAA, Théodora KK, Atchadé ADT, Lauve TY, Frédérich M, Bikobo DSN, Pegnyemb DE. Antiplasmodial and antileishmanial inhibitory activity of triterpenes and steroidal alkaloid from the leaves of Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf (Apocynaceae). Fitoterapia 2021; 151:104869. [PMID: 33657429 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of leaves of Funtumia elastica led to the isolation of three undescribed ursane derivatives, funtumic acids A, B and C (1-3), as well as one steroidal alkaloid, elasticine (4) and five other known compounds (5-9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR, MS, IR, UV spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with the literature. The compound 5-hydroxypyridine-3-carboxamide (9) was isolated for the first time from the Apocynaceae family. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiparasitic effects against 3D7 and Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum and promastigotes of Leishmania donovani (MHOM/SD/62/1S). Compounds 1-4 possessed good in vitro antimalarial activities against CQR Dd2 with IC50 values ranging from 4.68 to 5.36 μg/mL and moderate on CQS 3D7. Only compounds 1 and 2 showed leishmanicidal activities with IC50 values ranging between 10.49 and 13.21 μg/mL. In addition, crude extract exhibited potent antiplasmodial (IC50 0.91 and 3.12 μg/mL) and antileishmanial (IC50 3.32 μg/mL) activities, thus demonstrating their potential synergistic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kom Ma'mag
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine (CRPMT), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Auguste Abouem A Zintchem
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher's Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Kopa Kowa Théodora
- Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine (CRPMT), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon; University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Tchokouaha Yamthe Lauve
- Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine (CRPMT), Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Frédérich
- University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Liège, Belgium
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Sordon S, Popłoński J, Tronina T, Huszcza E. Regioselective O-glycosylation of flavonoids by fungi Beauveria bassiana, Absidia coerulea and Absidia glauca. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Caffrey CR, El‐Sakkary N, Mäder P, Krieg R, Becker K, Schlitzer M, Drewry DH, Vennerstrom JL, Grevelding CG. Drug Discovery and Development for Schistosomiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527808656.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nnadi CO, Ebiloma GU, Black JA, Nwodo NJ, Lemgruber L, Schmidt TJ, de Koning HP. Potent Antitrypanosomal Activities of 3-Aminosteroids against African Trypanosomes: Investigation of Cellular Effects and of Cross-Resistance with Existing Drugs. Molecules 2019; 24:E268. [PMID: 30642032 PMCID: PMC6359104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) requires urgent need for safe, potent and affordable drugs and this has necessitated this study. We investigated the trypanocidal activities and mode of action of selected 3-aminosteroids against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The in vitro activity of selected compounds of this series against T. congolense (Savannah-type, IL3000), T. b. brucei (bloodstream trypomastigote, Lister strain 427 wild-type (427WT)) and various multi-drug resistant cell lines was assessed using a resazurin-based cell viability assay. Studies on mode of antitrypanosomal activity of some selected 3-aminosteroids against Tbb 427WT were also carried out. The tested compounds mostly showed moderate-to-low in vitro activities and low selectivity to mammalian cells. Interestingly, a certain aminosteroid, holarrhetine (10, IC50 = 0.045 ± 0.03 µM), was 2 times more potent against T. congolense than the standard veterinary drug, diminazene aceturate, and 10 times more potent than the control trypanocide, pentamidine, and displayed an excellent in vitro selectivity index of 2130 over L6 myoblasts. All multi-drug resistant strains of T. b. brucei tested were not significantly cross-resistant with the purified compounds. The growth pattern of Tbb 427WT on long and limited exposure time revealed gradual but irrecoverable growth arrest at ≥ IC50 concentrations of 3-aminosteroids. Trypanocidal action was not associated with membrane permeabilization of trypanosome cells but instead with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and G₂/M cell cycle arrest which appear to be the result of mitochondrial accumulation of the aminosteroids. These findings provided insights for further development of this new and promising class of trypanocide against African trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles O Nnadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, Pharma Campus Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Godwin U Ebiloma
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Jennifer A Black
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Ngozi J Nwodo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of Münster, Pharma Campus Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
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Mäder P, Rennar GA, Ventura AMP, Grevelding CG, Schlitzer M. Chemotherapy for Fighting Schistosomiasis: Past, Present and Future. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2374-2389. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mäder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Georg A. Rennar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Alejandra M. Peter Ventura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Christoph G. Grevelding
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS; Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen; Schubertstraße 81 35392 Gießen Germany
| | - Martin Schlitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
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Okombo J, Chibale K. Recent updates in the discovery and development of novel antimalarial drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:437-453. [PMID: 30108934 PMCID: PMC6071755 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Though morbidity and mortality due to malaria have declined in the last 15 years, emerging resistance to first-line artemisinin-based antimalarials, absence of efficacious vaccines and limited chemotherapeutic alternatives imperil the consolidation of these gains. As a blueprint to steer future designs of new medicines, malaria drug discovery recently adopted a descriptive proposal for the ideal candidate molecules and drugs likely to successfully progress into the final stages of clinical development. As an audit of recent developments in the chemotherapy of malaria in the last five years, this review captures a landscape of diverse molecules at various stages of drug development and discusses their progress. In brief, we also discuss how omics data on Plasmodium has been extensively leveraged to identify potential vaccine candidates and putative targets of molecules in development and clinical use as well as map loci implicit in their modes of resistance. Future perspective on malaria drug development should involve a reconciliation of some of the challenges of the target candidate profiles (TCPs), specifically TCP3, with the promise of effective anti-hypnozoite medicines. Similarly, with the recent development of a humanized mouse model that can evaluate the prophylactic potential of candidate drugs, we argue for increased effort at identifying more liver-stage molecules, which are often only secondarily prioritized in conventional screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa .
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa .
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit , Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
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PTP1B inhibitors from the seeds of Iris sanguinea and their insulin mimetic activities via AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5076-5081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
In search of antiparasitic agents, we here identify arylmethylamino steroids as potent compounds and characterize more than 60 derivatives. The lead compound 1o is fast acting and highly active against intraerythrocytic stages of chloroquine-sensitive and resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites (IC50 1–5 nM) as well as against gametocytes. In P. berghei-infected mice, oral administration of 1o drastically reduces parasitaemia and cures the animals. Furthermore, 1o efficiently blocks parasite transmission from mice to mosquitoes. The steroid compounds show low cytotoxicity in mammalian cells and do not induce acute toxicity symptoms in mice. Moreover, 1o has a remarkable activity against the blood-feeding trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. The steroid and the hydroxyarylmethylamino moieties are essential for antimalarial activity supporting a chelate-based quinone methide mechanism involving metal or haem bioactivation. This study identifies chemical scaffolds that are rapidly internalized into blood-feeding parasites. Steroid units can facilitate membrane permeation and bioavailability in drugs. Here, using a medicinal chemistry program, Krieg et al. identify an arylmethylamino steroid that kills Plasmodium parasites, likely through a chelate-based quinone methide mechanism, and has activity against Schistosoma mansoni.
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Cheenpracha S, Jitonnom J, Komek M, Ritthiwigrom T, Laphookhieo S. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and molecular docking study of steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena pubescens barks. Steroids 2016; 108:92-8. [PMID: 26850468 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An alkaloidal extract of the bark of Holarrhena pubescens showed several inhibition zones of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, using a bioautographic assay. Activity-guided fractionation afforded three new steroidal alkaloids, mokluangins A-C (1-3), together with three known compounds, antidysentericine (4), holaphyllamine (5), methylholaphyllamine (6). All structures were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Compound 2 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with the MIC value of 16 μg/mL, while compound 3 exhibited moderate selective activity against E. coli with the MIC value of 16 μg/mL. In addition, compounds 1-4 also showed strong AChE inhibiting activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.44 to 23.22 μM. Molecular docking calculations were also performed and the results demonstrated that all compounds can bind at the aromatic gorge of AChE with estimated binding free energies correlated well with the in vitro inhibitory profiles. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions contribute mainly to the binding of the alkaloids where the substituents at C-3 serving as key functional groups for the AChE inhibition. Our results will allow the development of new AChE-inhibitors based on steroidal alkaloid skeleton bearing the cyclic amide moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarot Cheenpracha
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Jitrayut Jitonnom
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Manutchaya Komek
- Division of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Phayao, Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Sutep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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Vieira MN, Winterhalter P, Jerz G. Flavonoids from the flowers of Impatiens glandulifera Royle isolated by high performance countercurrent chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:116-125. [PMID: 26751603 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) is an annual herb from the Himalaya region, currently widespread along European river systems and one of the most important neophyte invading plants in Germany. Exploring the effects of allelopathic plant chemicals is important for the understanding of its ecological impacts in the process of suppression of indigenous plant species. OBJECTIVE To investigate the chemical composition of Impatiens glandulifera flowers (IGFs) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). METHODS The flowers of Impatiens glandulifera were manually separated and extracted with ethanol. LC-ESI-MS/MS was used to characterise the crude extract of IGF. The various flavonoids detected were isolated by HPCCC using of methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile-water (2:2:3, v/v/v). The combination of the data provided by preparative ESI-MS/MS metabolite profiling, LC-ESI-MS/MS, UV-vis and 1D/2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis was used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. RESULTS HPCCC runs led to the direct isolation of pure dihydromyricetin (ampelopsin), eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin) and kaempferol-3-O-6"-malonyl-glucoside, as well as the pre-purification of kaempferol-3-O-rhamno-rhamnosyldiglucoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside), quercetin and kaempferol in a single step. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the flavonoid composition of the species Impatiens glandulifera. The developed protocol was successfully used to isolate the main flavonoids from the crude extract of IGFs. This combined HPCCC and HPLC procedure could be applied to the fast fractionation and recovery of flavonoid derivatives of other plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana N Vieira
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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Saha D, Sharma A. Docking-based screening of natural product database in quest for dual site inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi trypanothione reductase (TcTR). Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Antithrombotic and antidiabetic flavonoid glycosides from the grains of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. hwanggeumchal. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1394-402. [PMID: 24957980 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical study of the grains of S. bicolor, resulting in the isolation of twelve flavonoid glycosides 1-12. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and MS data analyses. All compounds were tested on thrombin time (TT) assay and α-glucosidase assay in order to assess their inhibitory effects on blood coagulation and α-glucosidase enzyme. At the concentration of 500 μg/mL, compounds 3, 4, 7 and 10 possessed the potential effects on blood coagulation with inhibitory percentage of 197, 152, 120 and 158 %, respectively, whereas aspirin, which used as a positive control, indicated 181 and 138 % inhibition at 500 and 375 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 3, 4, 7, 9 and 10 also displayed strong inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase enzyme, with 85.2, 55.7, 43.9, 52.7 and 65.2 % inhibition at 100 μg/mL, respectively, whereas acarbose, as a positive control, possessed only 38.7 % at the same concentration. Taken together, our data suggest that S. bicolor and its flavonoid-enrich extracts could be considered as supplemental and or functional foods having beneficial effects against blood coagulation-induced ischemia, possibly thromboembolism disease, as well as diabetes.
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Computational Studies on Sirtuins from Trypanosoma cruzi: Structures, Conformations and Interactions with Phytochemicals. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2689. [PMID: 24551254 PMCID: PMC3923677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The silent-information regulator 2 proteins, otherwise called sirtuins, are currently considered as emerging anti-parasitic targets. Nicotinamide, a pan-sirtuin inhibitor, is known to cause kinetoplast alterations and the arrested growth of T. cruzi, the protozoan responsible for Chagas disease. These observations suggested that sirtuins from this parasite (TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3) could play an important role in the regulation of the parasitic cell cycle. Thus, their inhibition could be exploited for the development of novel anti-trypanosomal compounds. Methods Homology modeling was used to determine the three-dimensional features of the sirtuin TcSir2rp1 from T. cruzi. The apo-form of human SIRT2 and the same structure solved in complex with its co-substrate NAD+ allowed the modeling of TcSir2rp1 in the open and closed conformational states. Molecular docking studies were then carried out. A library composed of fifty natural and diverse compounds that are known to be active against this parasite, was established based on the literature and virtually screened against TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3, which was previously modeled by our group. Results In this study, two conformational states of TcSir2rp1 were described for the first time. The molecular docking results of compounds capable of binding sirtuins proved to be meaningful when the closed conformation of the protein was taken into account for calculations. This specific conformation was then used for the virtual screening of antritrypanosomal phytochemicals against TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3. The calculations identified a limited number of scaffolds extracted from Vismia orientalis, Cussonia zimmermannii, Amomum aculeatum and Anacardium occidentale that potentially interact with both proteins. Conclusions The study provided reliable models for future structure-based drug design projects concerning sirtuins from T. cruzi. Molecular docking studies highlighted not only the advantages of performing in silico interaction studies on their closed conformations but they also suggested the potential mechanism of action of four phytochemicals known for their anti-trypanosomal activity in vitro. T. cruzi is a protozoan pathogen responsible for Chagas disease. Current therapies rely only on a very small number of drugs, most of which are inadequate because of their severe host toxicity or because of their susceptibility to drug-resistance mechanisms. To determine efficient therapeutic alternatives, the identification of new biotargets and detailed knowledge of their structures are essential. Sirtuins from T. cruzi have been recently considered as promising targets for the development of new treatments for Chagas disease. Inhibition of their activity has been shown to significantly interfere with the life cycle of the parasite. T. cruzi possesses genes encoding two sirtuin-like proteins, TcSIR2rp1 and TcSIR2rp3. The structures of these enzymes were theoretically elucidated in this work, which also focused on the impact of their possible conformational states on computational interaction studies. A small library of phytochemicals that are active against the parasite was built and screened against the most meaningful conformations, identifying a restricted number of scaffolds that potentially interact with the modeled proteins. For these hits, a mechanism of action related to interactions with sirtuins was proposed.
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Singh N, Mishra BB, Bajpai S, Singh RK, Tiwari VK. Natural product based leads to fight against leishmaniasis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:18-45. [PMID: 24355247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing incidence of parasitic resistance against generic pentavalent antimonials, specifically for visceral disease in Indian subcontinent, is a serious issue in Leishmania control. Notwithstanding the two treatment alternatives, that is amphotericin B and miltefosine are being effectively used but their high cost and therapeutic complications limit their use in endemic areas. In the absence of a vaccine candidate, identification, and characterization of novel drugs and targets is a major requirement of leishmanial research. This review describes current drug regimens, putative drug targets, numerous natural products that have shown promising antileishmanial activity alongwith some key issues and strategies for future research to control leishmaniasis worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bhuwan B Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Surabhi Bajpai
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Shin HJ, Lee SY, Kim JS, Lee S, Choi RJ, Chung HS, Kim YS, Kang SS. Sesquiterpenes and other constituents from Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:306-14. [PMID: 22382409 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.60.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Six new germacranolides, zawadskinolides A-F (1-6), and a new eudesmane glucoside, chrysantiloboside (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum, along with thirteen known constituents. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic evidence. Bioassay showed that flavonoids such as apigenin (9), (-)-eriodictyol (10) and nepetin (12), as well as the sesquiterpene lactone, zawadskinolide F (6), inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with IC50 values of 66.15, 132.55, 35.44, and 91.32 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Huang Z, Yang J, She Z, Lin Y. A new isoflavone from the mangrove endophytic fungusFusariumsp. (ZZF60). Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:11-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.529444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Herath W, Khan IA. Microbial metabolism. Part 13. Metabolites of hesperetin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5784-6. [PMID: 21873058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The fungal culture, Mucor ramannianus (ATCC 2628) transformed hesperitin (1) to four metabolites: 4'-methoxy-5,7,8,3'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (8-hydroxyhesperetin) (2), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone (eriodictyol) (3), 4'-methoxy-5,3'-dihydroxyflavanone 7-sulfate (hesperetin 7-sulfate) (4) and 5,7,3'-trihydroxyflavanone 4'-O-α-quinovopyranoside (eriodictyol 4'-O-α-quinovopyranoside) (5). The structures were established by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimal Herath
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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20
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Izumi E, Ueda-Nakamura T, Dias Filho BP, Veiga Júnior VF, Nakamura CV. Natural products and Chagas' disease: a review of plant compounds studied for activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:809-23. [PMID: 21290079 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we review studies that have investigated the activity of plant-derived compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas’ disease. In the last decade, more than 300 species belonging to almost 100 families have been evaluated for activity, and here we describe the compounds isolated; 85 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Izumi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n, 86051-990, Londrina-PR, Brazil
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21
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Gupta S, Pal A, Vyas SP. Drug delivery strategies for therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:371-402. [PMID: 20201740 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most overwhelming type of leishmaniasis associated with the poverty of developing countries and usually mortal if untreated. Most of the conventionally used dosage forms offer us the shortcomings of toxic side effects and emergence of drug resistance. Several efforts have been made to overcome the barriers involved in the treatment of VL. Colloidal carriers extensively represent the drug delivery systems (DDSs) for intracellular localization of antileishmanial compounds in macrophage-rich organs such as liver, spleen and bone marrow. These DDSs offer superior therapeutic efficacy over the conventional treatment in terms of site-specific drug delivery with reduced side effects. However, after 35 years of research in the field, AmBisome (Amphotericin B liposome for injection, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.) is the only DDS used against the VL. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A literature search was performed (for drugs and DDSs against VL) on PubMed and through Google. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review aims to describe the pathophysiology of VL and its current conventional treatment with special reference to DDSs designed against VL. TAKE HOME MESSAGE On reviewing the conventional drugs and DDSs developed against VL, it is concluded that advances in the field of targeted drug delivery can result in more efficient strategies for the therapy of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (PB), India.
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Kuo YJ, Yang YC, Zhang LJ, Wu MD, Kuo LMY, Kuo YC, Hwang SY, Chou CJ, Lee KH, Ho HO, Kuo YH. Flavanone and diphenylpropane glycosides and glycosidic acyl esters from Viscum articulatum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:109-114. [PMID: 20121165 DOI: 10.1021/np9004294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Seven new compounds including three flavanone glycosides, visartisides A-C (1-3), three glycoside acyl esters, visartisides D-F (4-6), and one diphenylpropane glycoside, (4'-hydroxy-2',3',6',3''-tetramethoxy-1,3-diphenylpropane)-4''-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (7), along with four known flavanone glycosides (8-11) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Viscum articulatum. The structure elucidation of 1-7 was based on spectroscopic data analysis. Biological evaluation showed that 1, 2, and 10 exhibited antioxidant activity using a DPPH method and that compounds 1, 3, and 11 were active in a lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Kuo
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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23
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Wright CW. Recent developments in research on terrestrial plants used for the treatment of malaria. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:961-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c002196m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Rational Approaches for Drug Designing Against Leishmaniasis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2208-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Kaur K, Jain M, Kaur T, Jain R. Antimalarials from nature. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3229-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Júnior G, de M. Sousa C, Cavalheiro A, Lago J, Chaves M. Phenolic Derivatives from Fruits ofDipteryx lacuniferaDucke and Evaluation of Their Antiradical Activities. Helv Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200890233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Pan J, Zhang S, Yan L, Tai J, Xiao Q, Zou K, Zhou Y, Wu J. Separation of flavanone enantiomers and flavanone glucoside diastereomers from Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. by capillary electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:117-29. [PMID: 18291407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Revised: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pair of flavanone glucoside diastereomers, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol-5-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1a, 1b), was successfully separated by RP-C(18) high-performance liquid chromatography from Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. Some other compounds, including a pair of flavanone enantiomers, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol (2a, 2b), and a pair of flavanone glucoside diastereomers, (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol-7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside(3a, 3b), were separated by capillary electrophoresis from the same plant. The absolute configurations at C-2 of 1a and 1b were determined based on their circular dichroism spectra. Enzymatic hydrolysis of 1a and 1b by beta-d-glucosidase afforded (2R)- and (2S)-eriodictyol, respectively, which were used as the authentic standards for co-elution to determine the migration order of the enantiomers, 2a and 2b. We also report the first example of identifying the migration order of 2a and 2b and resolving the separation of 3a and 3b by capillary electrophoresis. In addition, 1a was unambiguously characterized for the first time by NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Osorio EJ, Robledo SM, Bastida J. Alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008; 66:113-90. [PMID: 19025098 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(08)00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edison J Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Química-Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, A. A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia.
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Devkota KP, Khan MTH, Ranjit R, Lannang AM, Choudhary MI. Tyrosinase inhibitory and antileishmanial constituents from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:321-7. [PMID: 17479420 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701192777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for bioactive natural products from the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla (Trilliaceae) has resulted in the isolation of four known constituents, 1,5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (1), diosgenin-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] (2), diosgenin-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1(Rha) --> 2(Glu))-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1(Ara) --> 4(Glu))]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), and diosgenin-3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1(Rha) --> 2(Glu))-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1(Ara) --> 4(Glu))]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were identified by spectral comparison with the reported data. Compound 1 was isolated for the first time from this genus. The chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts of the plant were found to have mild to moderate inhibitory potentials against the enzyme tyrosinase. Compound 1 showed strong (IC(50) = 0.23 microM), while compounds 2-4 and hydrolyzed product 4a showed mild to moderate (IC(50) = 0.93-36.87 microM) activities against the tyrosinase. Similarly, compounds 2-4 and 4a showed mild to moderate (IC(50) = 1.59-83.72 microg mL(-1)) antileishmanial activities.
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31
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Devkota KP, Choudhary MI, Ranjit R, Sewald N. Structure activity relationship studies on antileishmanial steroidal alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21:292-7. [PMID: 17479416 DOI: 10.1080/14786410701192736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for antileishmanial constituents from the medicinal plant Sarcococca hookeriana (Buxaceae) of Nepalese origin has resulted in the isolation of 17 (1-17) active steroidal alkaloids. Compounds 1, 2, and 10 were subjected to derivatization and five chemically derived derivatives (1a, 2a, 10a, 10b, 10c) were also obtained. All these natural compounds and derivatives were found to have potent to mild antileishmanial properties. The IC(50) values were found to be in the range of 0.20-61.44 microg mL(-1) (IC(50) value of standard drug amphotericin B = 0.12 microg mL(-1)). The structure activity relationship indicated that the varieties of functionalities present in ring A of the steroidal alkaloids were found to play a characteristic role to increase the antileishmanial activity.
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Rocha LG, Almeida JRGS, Macêdo RO, Barbosa-Filho JM. A review of natural products with antileishmanial activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:514-35. [PMID: 16008131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The incidence of the disease has increased since the emergence of AIDS. In the absence of a vaccine, there is an urgent need for effective drugs to replace/supplement those in current use. The plant kingdom is undoubtedly valuable as a source of new medicinal agents. The present work constitutes a review of the literature on plant extracts and chemically defined molecules of natural origin showing antileishmanial activity. The review refers to 101 plants, their families, and geographical distribution, the parts utilized, the type of extract and the organism tested. It also includes 288 compounds isolated from higher plants and microorganisms, classified into appropriate chemical groups. Some aspects of recent antileishmanial-activity-directed research on natural products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59000-000 Natal, RN, Brazil
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Kapoor VK, Kumar K. Recent Advances in the Search for Newer Antimalarial Agents. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2005; 43:189-237. [PMID: 15850826 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(05)43006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Kapoor
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Salem MM, Werbovetz KA. Antiprotozoal compounds from Psorothamnus polydenius. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:108-111. [PMID: 15679330 DOI: 10.1021/np049682k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Psorothamnus polydenius yielded the new chalcone 2,2',4'-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (2), together with six other known compounds, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (1), dalrubone (3), demethoxymatteucinol (4), eriodictyol (5), and photodalrubone (6a and 6b). This is the first report of chalcones in P. polydenius. The extracts and isolated compounds were tested in vitro for their antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei. Chalcones 1 and 2 and dalrubone (3) exhibited leishmanicidal (IC(50) 5.0, 7.5, and 7.5 microg/mL, respectively) and trypanocidal (IC(50) 6.3, 6.8, and 21.6 microg/mL, respectively) properties. Dalrubone (3) displayed 6-fold selectivity for axenic L. donovani parasites over Vero cells. Furthermore, treatment of L. mexicana-preinfected macrophages with chalcones 1 and 2 and dalrubone (3) (12.5, 12.5, and 25 microg/mL, respectively) reduced the number of infected macrophages by at least 96% while posing no toxicity to the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Salem
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Parejo I, Viladomat F, Bastida J, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Burillo J, Codina C. Bioguided isolation and identification of the nonvolatile antioxidant compounds from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) waste. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:1890-1897. [PMID: 15053525 DOI: 10.1021/jf030717g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A bioguided isolation of an aqueous extract of fennel waste led to the isolation of 12 major phenolic compounds. Liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/UV/APCI-MS) combined with spectroscopic methods (NMR) was used for compound identification. Radical scavenging activity was tested using three methods: DPPH*, superoxide nitro-blue tetrazolium hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase, and *OH/luminol chemiluminescence. In addition to products described in the literature, eight antioxidant compounds were isolated and identified for the first time in fennel: 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, rosmarinic acid, eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside. The structures of eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside and quercetin-3-O-glucuronide were completely elucidated by two-dimensional NMR experiments. The isolated compounds exhibited a strong antiradical scavenging activity, which may contribute to the interpretation of the pharmacological effects of fennel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Parejo
- Departament de Productes Naturals, Biologia Vegetal i Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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Jang DS, Park EJ, Hawthorne ME, Vigo JS, Graham JG, Cabieses F, Santarsiero BD, Mesecar AD, Fong HHS, Mehta RG, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Potential cancer chemopreventive constituents of the seeds of Dipteryx odorata (tonka bean). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:583-587. [PMID: 12762787 DOI: 10.1021/np020522n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new cassane diterpene, dipteryxic acid (1), and a new isoflavonolignan, 5-methoxyxanthocercin A (2), as well as four known active compounds, isoliquiritigenin (3), 6,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyaurone (4), sulfuretin (5), and (+/-)-balanophonin (6), and five known inactive compounds, butin, eriodictyol, 7-hydroxychromone, 7,3'-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone, and (-)-lariciresinol, were isolated from an ethyl acetate-soluble extract of the seeds of Dipteryx odorata, using a bioassay based on the induction of quinone reductase (QR) in cultured Hepa 1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells to monitor chromatographic fractionation. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the relative stereochemistry of compound 1. Selected compounds (3-5) were evaluated in a mouse mammary organ culture assay, with isoliquiritigenin (3) found to exhibit 76% inhibition at a dose of 10 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Sik Jang
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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Reyes M, Rosado A, Alvarez YM, Ruiz JA, Agüero J, Vélez H. Synthesis of 3β-Amino-5α-Androstan-17-One from Epiandrosterone. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519803200300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3-Aminosteroids have been obtained starting from 3-hydroxysteroids by tosylation azide formation and reduction to an amine. This method leads to inversion of configuration at position 3. In this work we have developed an alternative way for the synthesis to 3β-amino-5α-androstan-17-one in four steps without inversion of the substituent configuration and with a good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Reyes
- Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200 y 21, Atabey, P.O. Box 16042, Ciudad de la Habana, C.P.11600, Cuba
| | - Anielka Rosado
- Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200 y 21, Atabey, P.O. Box 16042, Ciudad de la Habana, C.P.11600, Cuba
| | - Yoanna Ma. Alvarez
- Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200 y 21, Atabey, P.O. Box 16042, Ciudad de la Habana, C.P.11600, Cuba
| | - José A. Ruiz
- Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200 y 21, Atabey, P.O. Box 16042, Ciudad de la Habana, C.P.11600, Cuba
| | - Juan Agüero
- Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200 y 21, Atabey, P.O. Box 16042, Ciudad de la Habana, C.P.11600, Cuba
| | - Hermán Vélez
- Centro de Química Farmacéutica, Calle 200 y 21, Atabey, P.O. Box 16042, Ciudad de la Habana, C.P.11600, Cuba
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Knight JG, Tchabanenko K. Diastereospecific carbonylation of π-allylpalladium complexes to give 3,6-disubstituted 3,6-dihydro-1H-pyridin-2-ones. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang YJ, Abe T, Tanaka T, Yang CR, Kouno I. Two new acylated flavanone glycosides from the leaves and branches of Phyllanthus emblica. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:841-3. [PMID: 12045344 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new acylated flavanone glycosides, (S)-eriodictyol 7-O-(6"-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (S)-eriodictyol 7-O-(6"-O-galloyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated from the leaves and branches of Phyllanthus emblica together with a new phenolic glycoside, 2-(2-methylbutyryl)phloroglucinol 1-O-(6"-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), as well as 22 known compounds. Their structures were determined by spectral and chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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Dapkevicius A, van Beek TA, Lelyveld GP, van Veldhuizen A, de Groot A, Linssen JPH, Venskutonis R. Isolation and structure elucidation of radical scavengers from Thymus vulgaris leaves. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:892-6. [PMID: 12088434 DOI: 10.1021/np010636j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*) scavenging activity-guided fractionation of a leaf extract of Thymus vulgaris led to the isolation of the radical scavengers rosmarinic acid 1, eriodictyol, taxifolin, luteolin 7-glucuronide, p-cymene 2,3-diol, p-cymene 2,3-diol 6-6'-dimer, carvacrol, thymol, and a new compound, 2. The fractionation was considerably facilitated by using an on-line HPLC detector for radical scavenging activity. In this detector activity is monitored as the disappearance of the color of a postcolumn added stable radical after reacting with radical scavengers in a reaction coil. Compound 2, which consists of rosmarinic and caffeic acid moieties linked via a C-3'-C-8' ' ether bridge, was mainly elucidated by various NMR techniques and CD. Phenylpropanoid trimer 2 was a weaker and stronger radical scavenger than rosmarinic acid 1 in off-line TEAC and DPPH* assays, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airidas Dapkevicius
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Phytochemical Section, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Weniger B, Robledo S, Arango GJ, Deharo E, Aragón R, Muñoz V, Callapa J, Lobstein A, Anton R. Antiprotozoal activities of Colombian plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 78:193-200. [PMID: 11694364 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In our search for therapeutical alternatives for antiprotozoal chemotherapy, we collected a selection of 44 plants from western Colombia upon ethnopharmacological and chemotaxonomic considerations. Polar and apolar extracts of these species were examined for antimalarial activity using in vitro tests with two clones of Plasmodium falciparum. Leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity were determined in vitro using promastigote and amastigote forms of several strains of Leishmania sp. and epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the selected plants, the 15 following species showed good or very good antiprotozoal activity in vitro: Aspidosperma megalocarpon, Campnosperma panamense, Conobea scoparioides, Guarea polymera, Guarea guidonia, Guatteria amplifolia, Huberodendron patinoi, Hygrophila guianensis, Jacaranda caucana, Marila laxiflora, Otoba novogranatensis, Otoba parviflora, Protium amplium, Swinglea glutinosa and Tabernaemontana obliqua. Cytotoxicity was assessed in U-937 cells and the ratio of cytotoxicity to antiprotozoal activity was determined for the active extracts. Ten extracts from eight species showed selectivity indexes > or = 10. Among the extracts that showed leishmanicidal activity, the methylene chloride extract of leaves from C. scoparioides showed a selectivity index in the same range that the one of the Glucantime control. Several of the active leishmanicidal plants are traditionally used against leishmaniasis by the population of the concerned area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weniger
- Unité de Pharmacognosie, UMR ULP/CNRS 7081, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, B.P. 24, F-67401, Cedex, Illkirch, France.
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43
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de Carvalho PB, Ferreira EI. Leishmaniasis phytotherapy. Nature's leadership against an ancient disease. Fitoterapia 2001; 72:599-618. [PMID: 11543959 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of phytotherapy to treat human diseases has its roots in pre-historical times. Despite the modern advances achieved in the field of synthetic chemistry, the most efficient drugs available have their genesis directly or indirectly related with the vegetal kingdom. Indigenous communities have long used plant extracts to treat illnesses. Many of these extracts have shown effective action, with new bioactive compounds being extracted and screened every year. These extracts have also proven to be good sources of therapeutic agents to the treatment of Leishmaniasis. This work highlights some of these agents, while trying to emphasize the importance of plants as a source of new and powerful drugs against this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B de Carvalho
- Pharmacy Department, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 Bloco 13, superior, CEP, 05805-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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