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Ahmed AF, Dai CF, Kuo YH, Sheu JH. The Invasive Anemone Condylactis sp. of the Coral Reef as a Source of Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Metabolites and Cytotoxic 5,8-Epidioxy Steroids. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030392. [PMID: 36984832 PMCID: PMC10056678 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Condylactis-genus anemones were examined for their proteinaceous poisons over 50 years ago. On the other hand, the current research focuses on isolating and describing the non-proteinaceous secondary metabolites from the invasive Condylactis anemones, which help take advantage of their population outbreak as a new source of chemical candidates and potential drug leads. From an organic extract of Condylactis sp., a 1,2,4-thiadiazole-based alkaloid, identified as 3,5-bis(3-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (1), was found to be a new natural alkaloid despite being previously synthesized. The full assignment of NMR data of compound 1, based on the analysis of 2D NMR correlations, is reported herein for the first time. The proposed biosynthetic precursor thionicotinamide (2) was also isolated for the first time from nature along with nicotinamide (3), uridine (5), hypoxanthine (6), and four 5,8-epidioxysteroids (7–10). A major secondary metabolite (−)-betonicine (4) was isolated from Condylactis sp. and found for the first time in marine invertebrates. The four 5,8-epidioxysteroids, among other metabolites, exhibited cytotoxicity (IC50 3.5–9.0 μg/mL) toward five cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atallah F. Ahmed
- Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Frontier Center for Ocean Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-(67)-5252000 (ext. 5030)
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Cerri F, Saliu F, Maggioni D, Montano S, Seveso D, Lavorano S, Zoia L, Gosetti F, Lasagni M, Orlandi M, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Galli P. Cytotoxic Compounds from Alcyoniidae. An Overview of the Last 30 Years. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020134. [PMID: 35200663 PMCID: PMC8874409 DOI: 10.3390/md20020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The octocoral family Alcyoniidae represents a rich source of bioactive substances with intriguing and unique structural features. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the compounds isolated from Alcyoniidae and displaying potential cytotoxic activity. In order to allow a better comparison among the bioactive compounds, we focused on molecules evaluated in vitro by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, by far the most widely used method to analyze cell proliferation and viability. Specifically, we surveyed the last thirty years of research, finding 153 papers reporting on 344 compounds with proven cytotoxicity. The data were organized in tables to provide a ranking of the most active compounds, to be exploited for the selection of the most promising candidates for further screening and pre-clinical evaluation as anti-cancer agents. Specifically, we found that (22S,24S)-24-methyl-22,25-epoxyfurost-5-ene-3β,20β-diol (16), 3β,11-dihydroxy-24-methylene-9,11-secocholestan-5-en-9-one (23), (24S)-ergostane-3β,5α,6β,25 tetraol (146), sinulerectadione (227), sinulerectol C (229), and cladieunicellin I (277) exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than their respective positive control and that their mechanism of action has not yet been further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cerri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Saliu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0264482813
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Simone Montano
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Davide Seveso
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
| | - Silvia Lavorano
- Costa Edutainment SpA—Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Luca Zoia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Marina Lasagni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
| | | | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences DISAT, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (D.M.); (S.M.); (D.S.); (L.Z.); (F.G.); (M.L.); (M.O.); (P.G.)
- MaRHE Centre (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll 12030, Maldives
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Bamisile BS, Akutse KS, Siddiqui JA, Xu Y. Model Application of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Alternatives to Chemical Pesticides: Prospects, Challenges, and Insights for Next-Generation Sustainable Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:741804. [PMID: 34659310 PMCID: PMC8514871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.741804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the control of pests and diseases of cultivated plants using natural and biological measures has drawn increasing attention in the quest to reduce the level of dependence on chemical products for agricultural production. The use of living organisms, predators, parasitoids, and microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi, has proven to be a viable and sustainable pest management technique. Among the aforementioned, fungi, most importantly the insect-pathogenic species, have been in use for more than 150years. These include the most popular strains belonging to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium, Isaria, Hirsutella, and Lecanicillium. Their application is usually through an inundative approach, which inherently involves exposure of the fungal spores to unfavorable humidity, temperature, and solar radiation conditions. These abiotic factors reduce the persistence and efficacy of these insect-pathogenic fungi. Despite these limitations, over 170 strains have been formulated as mycopesticides and are available for commercial use. In the last few decades, numerous studies have suggested that these species of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) offer far more benefits and have broader ecological functions than hitherto presumed. For instance, aside from their roles as insect killers, it has been well established that they also colonize various host plants and, hence, provide other benefits including plant pathogen antagonism and plant growth promotion and serve as sources of novel bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites, etc. In this light, the potential of EPF as alternatives or perhaps as supplements to chemical pesticides in plant protection is discussed in this review. The paper highlights the numerous benefits associated with endophytic fungal entomopathogen and host plant associations, the mechanisms involved in mediating plant defense against pests and pathogens, and the general limitations to the use of EPF in plant protection. A deeper understanding of these plant host-fungus-insect relationships could help unveil the hidden potentials of fungal endophytes, which would consequently increase the level of acceptance and adoption by users as an integral part of pest management programs and as a suitable alternative to chemical inputs toward sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Potential of Two Steroids from the Indonesian Soft Coral Sinularia polydactila. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.109432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Soft corals of the genus Sinularia are well recognized as a rich source of steroidal compounds. These constituents have been reported as possessing antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities. Objectives: This study was designed to isolate and elucidate antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the soft coral Sinularia polydactila. Methods: Structure elucidation of steroids was determined based on spectroscopic data through 1D and 2D NMR analyses and mass spectrometry, with the results compared to data in the literature. Antibacterial activity was determined using four human bacterial pathogens, namely B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), and E. coli (ATCC 25922). Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the human colon cancer cell HCT 116 and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). Results: Two steroids (Compounds 1 - 2) were isolated from the Indonesian soft coral Sinularia polydactila. (22R,23R,24R)-22,23-methylene-24-methylcholest-6-en-5α,8α-epidioxy-3β-ol (1) and 5α,8α-Epidioxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-6,22-dien-3α-ol (2) showed moderate activity against colon carcinoma cancer HCT 116 at the concentrations of 24.8 and 27.3 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality assay with the concentrations of 57.1 and 121.3 3 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2 showed moderate activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis at the 250 μg/mL concentration. Conclusions: Two steroids isolated from soft coral Sinularia polydactila were found to possess moderate cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.
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Li J, Huan XJ, Wu MJ, Chen ZH, Chen B, Miao ZH, Guo YW, Li XW. Chemical constituents from the South China sea soft coral Sinularia humilis. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:3324-3330. [PMID: 33356576 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1855645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new diterpenoid with an unusual capnosane skeleton, sinuhumilol A (1), alone with twelve known diverse compounds (2-13), were isolated from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia humilis. Their structures and stereochemistry were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations, and/or by the comparison of the spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature. In bioassay, compound 11 exhibited interesting specific cytotoxicity against the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 with IC50 value of 12.5 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Ermolenko EV, Imbs AB, Gloriozova TA, Poroikov VV, Sikorskaya TV, Dembitsky VM. Chemical Diversity of Soft Coral Steroids and Their Pharmacological Activities. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E613. [PMID: 33276570 PMCID: PMC7761492 DOI: 10.3390/md18120613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to the chemical diversity of steroids produced by soft corals and their determined and potential activities. There are about 200 steroids that belong to different types of steroids such as secosteroids, spirosteroids, epoxy- and peroxy-steroids, steroid glycosides, halogenated steroids, polyoxygenated steroids and steroids containing sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms. Of greatest interest is the pharmacological activity of these steroids. More than 40 steroids exhibit antitumor and related activity with a confidence level of over 90 percent. A group of 32 steroids shows anti-hypercholesterolemic activity with over 90 percent confidence. Ten steroids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity and 20 steroids can be classified as respiratory analeptic drugs. Several steroids exhibit rather rare and very specific activities. Steroids exhibit anti-osteoporotic properties and can be used to treat osteoporosis, as well as have strong anti-eczemic and anti-psoriatic properties and antispasmodic properties. Thus, this review is probably the first and exclusive to present the known as well as the potential pharmacological activities of 200 marine steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Ermolenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Andrey B. Imbs
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Tatyana A. Gloriozova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Vladimir V. Poroikov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, bldg. 8, 10 Pogodinskaya Str., 119121 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.G.); (V.V.P.)
| | - Tatyana V. Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
| | - Valery M. Dembitsky
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, 17 Palchevsky Str., 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.V.E.); (A.B.I.); (T.V.S.)
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Weng Q, Zhang X, Chen W, Hu Q. Secondary Metabolites and the Risks of Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa. Molecules 2019; 24:E664. [PMID: 30781844 PMCID: PMC6412548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Isaria fumosorosea and Isaria farinosa are important entomopathogenic fungi with a worldwide distribution and multiple host insects. However, the concerns about the safety risks of myco-pesticides have been attracting the attention of researchers and consumers. Secondary metabolites (SMs), especially the mycotoxins, closely affect the biosafety of Isaria myco-insecticides. In the last forty years, more than seventy SMs were identified and isolated from I. fumosorosea and I. farinose. The SMs of I. fumosorosea include the mycotoxins of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) (beauvericin and beauverolides), terpenes (trichocaranes and fumosorinone), lactone compounds (cepharosporolides), acids (dipicolinic acid and oxalic acid), etc. Meanwhile, the NRP mycotoxins (cycloaspeptides) and the terpene compounds (farinosones and militarinones) are the main SMs in I. farinosa. Although several researches reported the two Isaria have promised biosafety, the bioactivities and the safety risks of their SMs have not been studied in detail so far. However, based on existing knowledge, most SMs (i.e., mycotoxins) do not come from Isaria myco-insecticide itself, but are from the host insects infected by Isaria fungi, because only the hosts can provide the conditions for fungal proliferation. Furthermore, the SMs from Isaria fungi have a very limited possibility of entering into environments because many SMs are decomposed in insect cadavers. The biosafety of Isaria myco-insecticides and their SMs/mycotoxins are being monitored. Of course, SMs safety risks of Isaria myco-insecticides need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Microalgal Microscale Model for Microalgal Growth Inhibition Evaluation of Marine Natural Products. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10541. [PMID: 30002474 PMCID: PMC6043507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms especially sessile invertebrates, such as soft corals, gorgonians and sponges, can survive in the competitive environment mainly relying on their second metabolites with chemoecological effects including allelopathy and algal growth inhibition. It is well known that the microscale models are urgently needed in marine chemoecology assessment to evaluate the algal growth inhibition activity of trace quantity natural products. In this work, a microalgal growth inhibition model was established for microalgal inhibition evaluation of marine natural products with 96-well microplate by automatic fluorescence observation using microplate reader. Subsequently, this model was applied to bioassay-guided isolation and preliminary bioactivity screening of the secondary metabolites from soft corals, gorgonians, sponges and their symbiotic microbes collected from the South China Sea. As a result, fifteen compounds (1‒15) were found to exhibit microalgal growth inhibition activities against at least one of marine microalgae, Karenia mikimotoi, Isochrysis galbana, and Heterosigma akashiwo. Specifically, altersolanol C (13) demonstrated potent activity against K. mikimotoi with the 96h-EC50 value of 1.16 µg/mL, more than four times stronger than that of the positive control K2Cr2O7. It was suggested that the microalgal growth inhibition microscale model is suitable for bioassay-guided isolation and preliminary bioactivity screening of marine natural products.
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Wang M, Jin J, Li L, Cao F, Wang C, Wang CY. Cembranoid Diterpenes from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia compacta. Chem Nat Compd 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-017-1944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hegazy MEF, Mohamed TA, Elshamy AI, Al-Hammady MA, Ohta S, Paré PW. Casbane Diterpenes from Red Sea Coral Sinularia polydactyla. Molecules 2016; 21:308. [PMID: 26950110 PMCID: PMC6274415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The soft coral genus Sinularia is a rich source of bioactive metabolites containing a diverse array of chemical structures. A solvent extract of Sinularia polydactyla resulted in the isolation of three new casbane diterpenes: sinularcasbane M (1), sinularcasbane N (2) and sinularcasbane O (3); in addition, known metabolites (4–5) were isolated. Compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses; the absolute configuration was confirmed by X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Tarik A Mohamed
- Department of Phytochemistry, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abdelsamed I Elshamy
- Department of Natural Compound Chemistry, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Montaser A Al-Hammady
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea Branch, Hurghada 84511, Egypt.
| | - Shinji Ohta
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
| | - Paul W Paré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Mun B, Wang W, Kim H, Hahn D, Yang I, Won DH, Kim EH, Lee J, Han C, Kim H, Ekins M, Nam SJ, Choi H, Kang H. Cytotoxic 5α,8α-epidioxy sterols from the marine sponge Monanchora sp. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:18-25. [PMID: 25231340 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three new sterols, 5α,8α-epidioxy-24-norcholesta-6,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-cholesta-6,9(11),24-trien-3β-ol (2), and 5α,8α-epidioxy-cholesta-6,23-dien-3β,25-diol (3), with four known sterols (4-7) were isolated from a marine sponge Monanchora sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 3-7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against several human carcinoma cell lines including renal (A-498), pancreatic (PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2), and colorectal (HCT 116) cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Mun
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, NS-80, Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea
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Mariottini GL, Pane L. Cytotoxic and cytolytic cnidarian venoms. A review on health implications and possible therapeutic applications. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 6:108-51. [PMID: 24379089 PMCID: PMC3920253 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of Cnidaria is a subject of concern for its influence on human activities and public health. During the last decades, the mechanisms of cell injury caused by cnidarian venoms have been studied utilizing extracts from several Cnidaria that have been tested in order to evaluate some fundamental parameters, such as the activity on cell survival, functioning and metabolism, and to improve the knowledge about the mechanisms of action of these compounds. In agreement with the modern tendency aimed to avoid the utilization of living animals in the experiments and to substitute them with in vitro systems, established cell lines or primary cultures have been employed to test cnidarian extracts or derivatives. Several cnidarian venoms have been found to have cytotoxic properties and have been also shown to cause hemolytic effects. Some studied substances have been shown to affect tumour cells and microorganisms, so making cnidarian extracts particularly interesting for their possible therapeutic employment. The review aims to emphasize the up-to-date knowledge about this subject taking in consideration the importance of such venoms in human pathology, the health implications and the possible therapeutic application of these natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luigi Mariottini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, Genova I-16132, Italy.
| | - Luigi Pane
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 5, Genova I-16132, Italy.
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New sinularianin sesquiterpenes from soft coral Sinularia sp. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4741-50. [PMID: 24317466 PMCID: PMC3877883 DOI: 10.3390/md11124741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new sesquiterpenes, sinularianins C–F (3–6), together with known sinularianins A (1) and B (2) were identified from a South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated for inhibition of NF-κB activation using the cell-based HEK293 NF-κB luciferase reporter gene assay. Compounds 1 and 4 were exhibited a potent effect with inhibitory rates of 41.3% and 43.0% at the concentration of 10 µg/mL, respectively.
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Clark KE, Capper A, Togna GD, Paul VJ, Romero LI, Johns T, Cubilla-Rios L, Capson TL. Ecology- and Bioassay-Guided Drug Discovery for Treatments of Tropical Parasitic Disease: 5α,8α-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol Isolated from the Mollusk Dolabrifera dolabrifera Shows Significant Activity against Leishmania donovani. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An ecology- and bioassay-guided search employed to discover compounds with activity against tropical parasitic diseases and cancer from the opisthobranch mollusk, Dolabrifera dolabrifera, led to the discovery of antileishmanial properties in the known compound, 5α,8α-epidioxycholest-6-en-3β-ol (1). Compound 1 was identified through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C) and mass spectrometry. The compound was concentrated in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera, but was not detected in other body parts, fecal matter or mucus. Compound 1 showed an IC50 of 4.9 μM towards the amastigote form of Leishmania donovani compared with an IC50 of 281 μM towards the control Vero cell line, a 57.3-fold difference, and demonstrated no measurable activity against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Clark
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Angela Capper
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
- current address: Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Gina Della Togna
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- current address: Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 5502, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Luz I. Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Edificio 175, PO Box 7250, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Timothy Johns
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Luis Cubilla-Rios
- Laboratorio de Bioorgánica Tropical, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824–10835, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Todd L. Capson
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 2072, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
- current address: 1743 18th St. NW Washington DC, 20009 USA
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Ahmed AF, Wu MH, Wu YC, Dai CF, Sheu JH. Metabolites with Cytotoxic Activity from the Formosan Soft CoralCladiella Australis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200600064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Wang GH, Su JH, Chen CT, Duh CY, Dai CF, Sheu JH. Novel Polyhydroxysteroids from the Formosan Soft CoralSarcophyton Glaucum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Liu DZ, Liu JK. Peroxy natural products. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2013; 3:161-206. [PMCID: PMC4131620 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-013-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This review covers the structures and biological activities of peroxy natural products from a wide variety of terrestrial fungi, higher plants, and marine organisms. Syntheses that confirm or revise structures or stereochemistries have also been included, and 406 references are cited. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ze Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308 China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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18
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Ning QJ, Chen M, Li XB, Wang CY. Pregnane steroids from the South China Sea gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Yen WH, Chen WF, Cheng CH, Dai CF, Lu MC, Su JH, Su YD, Chen YH, Chang YC, Chen YH, Sheu JH, Lin CS, Wen ZH, Sung PJ. A new 5α,8α-Epidioxysterol from the soft coral Sinularia gaweli. Molecules 2013; 18:2895-903. [PMID: 23459300 PMCID: PMC6270315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18032895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sterol, (22R,23R,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-22,23-methylene-24-methyl-cholest-6,9(11)-dien-3β-ol (1), and two known sterols, (22R,23R,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxy-22,23-methylene-24-methylcholest-6-en-3β-ol (2) and 24-methylenecholestane-1α,3β,5α, 6β,11α-pentol (3), were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia gaweli. The structure of sterol 1 was established by spectroscopic methods and by comparison of the spectral data with those of known analogues. The cytotoxicity of sterols 1–3 towards various tumor cells is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Yen
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.Y.); (M.-C.L.); (J.-H.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Ching-Hsiao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-F.C.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Mei-Chin Lu
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.Y.); (M.-C.L.); (J.-H.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jui-Hsin Su
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.Y.); (M.-C.L.); (J.-H.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-H.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yin-Di Su
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-H.S.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.Y.); (M.-C.L.); (J.-H.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Chia Chang
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Husan Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-H.S.); (C.-H.L.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Shing Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-H.S.); (C.-H.L.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-H.S.); (C.-H.L.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (Z.-H.W.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2021 (Z.-H.W.); +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-7-525-5020 (Z.-H.W.); +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (W.-H.Y.); (M.-C.L.); (J.-H.S.); (Y.-H.C.)
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan; E-Mails: (Y.-D.S.); (Y.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; E-Mails: (J.-H.S.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (Z.-H.W.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-7-525-2021 (Z.-H.W.); +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-7-525-5020 (Z.-H.W.); +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
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20
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Nguyen PT, Nguyen HN, Nguyen XC, Nguyen XN, Pham TT, Tran HQ, Nguyen TTN, Phan VK, Chau VM, Kim YH. A New Sterol from the Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Li R, Shao CL, Qi X, Li XB, Li J, Sun LL, Wang CY. Polyoxygenated sterols from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:1422-1432. [PMID: 22851916 PMCID: PMC3407921 DOI: 10.3390/md10071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the ethanol extract of soft coral Sinularia sp. collected from the South China Sea led to the isolation of three new polyoxygenated sterols, (3S,23R,24S)-ergost-5-ene-3β,23α,25-triol (1), (24S)-ergostane-6-acetate-3β,5α,6β,25-tetraol (2), (24S)-ergostane-6-acetate-3β,6β,12β,25-tetraol (3) together with three known ones (4-6). The structures, including relative configurations of the new compounds (1-3), were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, NMR, MS) and by comparison with related reported compounds. The absolute configuration of 1 was further determined by modified Mosher's method. Compound 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against K562 cell line with an IC(50) value of 3.18 μM, but also displayed strong lethality toward the brine shrimp Artemia salina with a LC(50) value of 0.96 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (R.L.); (C.-L.S.); (X.Q.); (J.L.); (L.-L.S.)
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (R.L.); (C.-L.S.); (X.Q.); (J.L.); (L.-L.S.)
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (R.L.); (C.-L.S.); (X.Q.); (J.L.); (L.-L.S.)
| | - Xiu-Bao Li
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (R.L.); (C.-L.S.); (X.Q.); (J.L.); (L.-L.S.)
| | - Ling-Ling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (R.L.); (C.-L.S.); (X.Q.); (J.L.); (L.-L.S.)
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (R.L.); (C.-L.S.); (X.Q.); (J.L.); (L.-L.S.)
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Growth inhibition of human gynecologic and colon cancer cells by Phyllanthus watsonii through apoptosis induction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34793. [PMID: 22536331 PMCID: PMC3335034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus watsonii Airy Shaw is an endemic plant found in Peninsular Malaysia. Although there are numerous reports on the anti cancer properties of other Phyllanthus species, published information on the cytotoxicity of P. watsonii are very limited. The present study was carried out with bioassay-guided fractionation approach to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction capability of the P. watsonii extracts and fractions on human gynecologic (SKOV-3 and Ca Ski) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. P. watsonii extracts exhibited strong cytotoxicity on all the cancer cells studied with IC(50) values of ≤ 20.0 µg/mL. Hexane extract of P. watsonii was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and yielded 10 fractions (PW-1→PW-10). PW-4→PW-8 portrayed stronger cytotoxic activity and was further subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and resulted with 8 sub-fractions (PPWH-1→PPWH-8). PPWH-7 possessed greatest cytotoxicity (IC(50) values ranged from 0.66-0.83 µg/mL) and was selective on the cancer cells studied. LC-MS/MS analysis of PPWH-7 revealed the presence of ellagic acid, geranic acid, glochidone, betulin, phyllanthin and sterol glucoside. Marked morphological changes, ladder-like appearance of DNA and increment in caspase-3 activity indicating apoptosis were clearly observed in both human gynecologic and colon cancer cells treated with P. watsonii especially with PPWH-7. The study also indicated that P. watsonii extracts arrested cell cycle at different growth phases in SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells. Cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the endemic P. watsonii was investigated for the first time by bioassay-guided approach. These results demonstrated that P. watsonii selectively inhibits the growth of SKOV-3, Ca Ski and HT-29 cells through apoptosis induction and cell cycle modulation. Hence, P. watsonii has the potential to be further exploited for the discovery and development of new anti cancer drugs.
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24
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Freshwater Clam Extract Decreased Hemorrhagic Shock–Induced Liver Injury by Attenuating TNF-α Production. Biol Res Nurs 2011; 14:286-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800411408881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater clam ( Corbicula fluminea), a popular edible shellfish in Asia, is said to have beneficial effects on liver function. However, scientific evidence for such benefit is limited. In this study, the authors aimed to assess the treatment effects of freshwater clam extract (FCE) administration after hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. The authors randomly divided animals into three groups. After inducing HS in rats in the HS + FCE ( n = 12) and HS groups, the authors fed 20 mg/kg FCE orally to rats in the HS group only. The authors neither induced HS in nor fed FCE to rats ( n = 8) in the vehicle group. The authors measured the blood levels of white blood cells (WBC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at several time points during the experiment. After 48 hr, the authors sacrificed the rats and harvested the livers for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The HS significantly decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), increased blood AST, ALT, and LDH levels and induced liver injury in rats. Treatment with FCE increased MAP level and decreased AST, ALT, LDH, and TNF-α levels after hemorrhage. The HE staining showed diminished organ injury in the FCE-treated group. In conclusion, the administration of posttreatment FCE suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory TNF-α production after HS and decreased the levels of markers of liver injury associated with HS in rats. These beneficial effects suggest that FCE is a potential immunomodulator.
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Lu Y, Lin YC, Wen ZH, Su JH, Sung PJ, Hsu CH, Kuo YH, Chiang MY, Dai CF, Sheu JH. Steroid and cembranoids from the Dongsha atoll soft coral Lobophytum sarcophytoides. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Kondempudi CM, Singanaboina R, Manchala N, Gunda VG, Janapala VR, Yenamandra V. Chemical examination of the Sponge Phycopsis sp. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:990-2. [PMID: 19721262 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new compounds 7alpha,8alpha-epoxy theonellin isothiocyanate (1) and 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6Z,22Z,25-trien-3beta-ol (2) along with two known compounds, theonellin isothiocyanate (3) and theonellin formamide (4) have been isolated from the sponge Phycopsis sp. Compound 2 showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and U937 human cancer cell lines with IC(50) values of 5.96+/-0.02 and 31.72+/-0.55 microg/ml, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinni Mahesh Kondempudi
- Natural Products Laboratory, Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, India
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Lakshmi
- a Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Chhattar Manzil, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - R. Kumar
- a Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division , Central Drug Research Institute , Chhattar Manzil, Lucknow, 226 001, India
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28
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Sarma NS, Krishna MS, Pasha SG, Rao TSP, Venkateswarlu Y, Parameswaran PS. Marine Metabolites: The Sterols of Soft Coral. Chem Rev 2009; 109:2803-28. [PMID: 19435309 DOI: 10.1021/cr800503e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nittala S. Sarma
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Moturi S. Krishna
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Sk. Gouse Pasha
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Thota S. Prakasa Rao
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - Y. Venkateswarlu
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
| | - P. S. Parameswaran
- School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam-530 003, India, OCD I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India, and National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403 004, India
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Geng HW, Liao XJ, Xu SH. (1)H and (13)C NMR assignments for two new steroids from the coral Chromonephthea sp. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:359-361. [PMID: 19089885 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroids isolated from EtOH extracts of the South China Sea soft coral Chromonephthea sp. were identified. One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments including COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY were used for the determination of their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Ji-nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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30
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Ioannou E, Abdel-Razik AF, Zervou M, Christofidis D, Alexi X, Vagias C, Alexis MN, Roussis V. 5alpha,8alpha-Epidioxysterols from the gorgonian Eunicella cavolini and the ascidian Trididemnum inarmatum: isolation and evaluation of their antiproliferative activity. Steroids 2009; 74:73-80. [PMID: 18851985 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new (1, 4, 9) and nine previously reported (2, 3, 5-8, 10-12) 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxysterols were isolated from the organic extracts of the gorgonian Eunicella cavolini and the ascidian Trididemnum inarmatum. The structures and relative configurations of 1-12 were established on the basis of detailed NMR spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the literature. The growth inhibitory effects of 1-12 were evaluated against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Compound 1, bearing a cyclopropyl moiety in the side chain, exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Ioannou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
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Su JH, Lo CL, Lu Y, Wen ZH, Huang CY, Dai CF, Sheu JH. Anti-Inflammatory Polyoxygenated Steroids from the Soft CoralSinulariasp. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.81.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chen BW, Su JH, Dai CF, Wu YC, Sheu JH. Polyoxygenated Steroids from a Formosan Soft CoralSinularia facile. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.81.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dembitsky VM. Bioactive peroxides as potential therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:223-51. [PMID: 17618015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Present review describes research on more than 280 natural anticancer agents isolated from terrestrial and marine sources and synthetic biologically active peroxides. Intensive searches for new classes of pharmacologically potent agents produced by terrestrial and marine organisms have resulted in the discovery of dozens of compounds possessing high cytotoxic, antibacterial, antimalarial, and other activities as an important source of leads for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem Campus, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Yu S, Deng Z, van Ofwegen L, Proksch P, Lin W. 5,8-Epidioxysterols and related derivatives from a Chinese soft coral Sinularia flexibilis. Steroids 2006; 71:955-9. [PMID: 16930652 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2006] [Revised: 07/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the methanolic extract of the marine soft coral, Sinularia flexibilis, resulted in the isolation and characterization of four new sterols, 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxygorgosta-6-en-3beta-ol (1), 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxygorgosta-6,9(11)-dien-3beta-ol (2), 22alpha,28-epidioxycholesta-5,23(E)-dien-3beta-ol (3) and its C-22 epimer (4), along with nine known sterols. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Huang YT, Huang YH, Hour TC, Pan BS, Liu YC, Pan MH. Apoptosis-inducing active components from Corbicula fluminea through activation of caspase-2 and production of reactive oxygen species in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:1261-72. [PMID: 16545898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer effects and possible mechanisms of the freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea Muller) and its active compounds (FME) on cell viability in human leukemia HL-60 cells were investigated. This study demonstrated that FME was able to inhibit cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Treatment with FME caused induction of caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activity in a time-dependent manner, but not affect caspase-1 activity; it induced the proteolysis of DNA fragmentation factor (DFF-45) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Induction of cell death by FME was completely prevented by a pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) and a caspase-2 inhibitor, Z-Val-Asp-Val-Ala-Asp-FMK (Z-VDVAD-FMK). Furthermore, treatment with FME caused a rapid loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, stimulation of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into cytosol, and GSH depletion. Anti-oxidants such as N-acetylcysteine, catalase, superoxide dismutase, allopurinol, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, but not diphenylene iodonium, significantly inhibited FME-induced cell death. In addition, the results showed that FME-induced apoptosis was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and Bad, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Taken together, induction of apoptosis on HL-60 cells by FME was mainly associated with ROS production, GSH depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tang Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yin SW, Shi YP, Li XM, Wang BG. A New Cembranoid Diterpene and Other Related Metabolites from the South-China-Sea Soft CoralLobophytum crassum. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
5,8-Epidioxycholest-6-en-3-ol (1), cholesterol (2), glycerol 1-palmitate (3) and glycerol 1,3-dioleate-2-stearate (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of the sea urchin Diadema setosum, which was collected from the Halong sea, Vietnam. Chemical structures were established based on extensive 1D, 2D-NMR, FAB-MS, El-MS spectroscopic data and GC-MS analysis. The NMR spectral data of compound 1 were reassigned by using HMQC and HMBC. Compound 1 was found to have strong cytotoxic effect against various cancer cell lines, such as KB (IC50, 2.0 microg/mL), FL (ICso, 3.93 microg/mL), and Hep-2 (IC50, 2.4 microg/mL) by in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Van Minh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghiado, Caugiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract
During 2000, marine antitumor pharmacology research aimed at the discovery of novel antitumor agents was published in 85 peer-reviewed articles. The purpose of this article is to present a structured review of the antitumor and cytotoxic properties of 143 marine natural products, many of them novel compounds that belong to diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. The organisms yielding these bioactive compounds comprised a taxonomically diverse group of marine invertebrate animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Antitumor pharmacological studies were conducted with 19 marine natural products in a number of experimental and clinical models that defined or further characterized their mechanisms of action. Potentially promising in vitro cytotoxicity data generated with murine and human tumor cell lines were reported for 124 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. Noteworthy is the fact that marine anticancer research clearly remains a multinational effort, involving researchers from Austria, Australia, Brazil, Canada, England, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, the Netherlands and the United States. Finally, this 2000 overview of the marine pharmacology literature highlights the fact that the discovery of novel marine antitumor agents continued at the same high level of research activity as during 1998 and 1999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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